EP4063578A1

EP4063578A1 - Housing structure

Info

Publication number: EP4063578A1
Application number: EP21173589.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Antonio SCOFANO
Original assignee: Prototypo Srl
Current assignee: Prototypo Srl
Priority date: 2021-03-22
Filing date: 2021-05-12
Publication date: 2022-09-28
Also published as: IT202100006872A1

Abstract

Housing structure (1) comprising a first shell (2) in which there is a living environment (3) and a second shell (4) concentric and external with respect to the first shell (2) that is in direct contact with an external environment (5); said first and second shells (2,4) being covered by a cover (6) and mutually arranged so as to form a crawlspace (7) between them that can be walked by a person (47);wherein said housing structure (1) further comprises: a plurality of household appliances (8) connected to said first shell (2) so as to face towards said living environment (3) and towards said crawlspace (7); a centralized heat pump (11) thermally connected to said household appliances (8) by means of a network of ducts (12) within which a fluid flows; a control system (13) configured to control the heat pump (11) and the household appliances (8).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a housing structure with high energy efficiency and low environmental impact. In particular, the present invention relates to a housing structure with centralized systems with simplified maintenance.

BACKGROUND ART

In the state of the art there are housing structures equipped with concentric walls, thus a first order of external masonry and a second order of internal masonry, separated from each other by a cavity, an example in this sense is described in patent document EP1079035 . In the solution of this document, the cavity is filled with insulating material therefore it cannot be used to arrange the facilities of the housing structure and to carry out maintenance activities on the facilities.
A similar solution, in which the interspace is not filled with insulating material is described in patent document KR20190037549A . This solution involves thermally insulating the internal enclosure of the housing structure with an air gap that surrounds the first enclosure. In this way, only the problem of thermal insulation is partially solved.
Another solution is described in document US20110120049A1 , in which a housing structure comprises a ground floor where the air conditioning system machinery and the boilers are arranged, while the heating/cooling system pipes pass into the perimeter walls. This solution, like most of those known to date, involves the passage of pipes, in particular hydraulic, inside the masonry, with significant problems in the event of rupture or modification of the same.
There are no state-of-the-art solutions that make it possible to provide a housing structure with high energy efficiency and low environmental impact. There is no known solution that allows to optimize the consumption of internal users of the home and in particular of its appliances. Finally, there is no known housing structure capable of optimizing energy exchanges between household appliances.

SUMMARY

A first object of the present invention is to provide a housing structure comprising a first shell within which there is a living environment, and a second shell concentric and external with respect to the first shell, in direct contact with an external environment. The first and second shells are both covered by a cover and are mutually arranged in such a way as to create a crawlspace between them that can be walked by an operator. Said housing structure also comprises a plurality of household appliances, connected to said first shell so as to face towards said living environment and towards said crawlspace. Said housing structure also comprises a centralized heat pump fluidly connected to said household appliances by means of a network of ducts, and a control system configured to control the heat pump and the household appliances. A housing structure conceived in this way makes it possible to provide household appliances, arranged between the crawlspace and the living environment, with a fluid centrally supplied by a centralized heat pump, thus optimizing the consumption of utilities in terms of energy. This structure also significantly increases the thermal insulation of the living environment compared to the external environment.
Advantageously, each of said household appliances can be divided into two components: an interface housed inside a hole passing through the thickness of the first shell and a respective household appliance terminal connectable to said interface. In this way, the portion of the appliance that faces the living environment is removable from the interface, while the interface remains connected to the first shell, allowing to collect in a single body the energy sources required for the operation of the appliance terminal.
In particular, said control system can comprise a central control unit and a heat pump control unit and local control units of household appliances interconnected by means of said central control unit. This control system allows to manage the control units of the various household appliances and the heat pump in a coordinated and optimized way through a central control unit.
Preferably said central control unit can be connected to at least one man-machine interface for the management of household appliances in a simplified and intuitive manner.
Advantageously, said network of ducts and said heat pump can be arranged in said crawlspace to prevent that maintenance activities of the facilities take place in the living environment. This allows to carry out maintenance work without entering in the house, but remaining in the crawlspace between the two shells.
In particular, said network of ducts can comprise a plurality of circuits and/or connecting channels. A liquid and/or a gas can flow within said circuits and/or channels. This network of ducts enables the supply of compressed air and a refrigerated or heated liquid to various temperatures to said household appliances and other domestic utilities. The term "circuit" refers to a closed-loop conduit, while the term "channel" refers to a conduit that is not closed-loop.
Advantageously, said housing structure can comprise a plurality of electrical interfaces connected to said first shell so as to face towards said living environment. Said electrical interfaces can be connected to an electric power source and can be of the inductive type. This type of electrical interface enables to transfer electric energy without adopting sockets and plugs.
Preferably, said housing structure can comprise a waste disposal device arranged in said crawlspace and communicating with said living environment through a waste channel which passes through said first shell. This solution allows a centralized collection of household waste. Preferably, said waste disposal device comprises a waste washing apparatus which is fluidly connected to one or more of said household appliances to recover waste water from said household appliances. This solution allows you to wash waste from organic debris with waste water that, before being discharged, is reused to simplify the public recycling phase of waste. In this way, the environmental impact of the building is significantly reduced.
Advantageously, said cover is at least partly made of a transparent material to enable the lighting of the housing structure. This cover can be surmounted by a shutter with movable fins to shade/protect the house in a variable manner. This solution also makes it possible to clean the covering surface, by means of a horizontal movement of the fins.
In particolare, detta struttura abitativa può comprendere un sistema di aspirapolvere centralizzato avente una centrale aspirante disposta in detta intercapedine e una rete tubiera connessa con detto ambiente abitativo che confluisce in detta centrale aspirante. Questa soluzione consente la raccolta dello sporco e della polvere domestica in maniera centralizzata.
Questi ed altri vantaggi risulteranno piu dettagliatamente dalla descrizione, fatta qui di seguito, di un esempio di realizzazione dato a titolo indicativo e non limitativo con riferimento ai disegni allegati.
In particular, said housing structure can comprise a centralized vacuum cleaner system comprising a central vacuum cleaner arranged in said crawlspace and a piping network connected to said living environment which converges into said central vacuum cleaner. This solution enables the collection of household dirt and dust in a centralized manner.
These and other advantages will emerge in more detail from the description, made below, of an example of embodiment given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the attached drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the housing structure according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the housing structure according to an alternative form to that of Fig. 1

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description of one or more embodiments of the invention refers to the attached drawings. The same numerical references in the drawings identify identical or similar elements. The object of the invention is defined by the attached claims. The technical details, structures or characteristics of the solutions described below can be combined with each other in any way.
With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, a housing structure indicated as a whole by reference 1 is illustrated. The housing structure 1 comprises a first order of masonry which is in direct contact with the outside 5 and which is called the second shell 4. Inside the second shell 4 there is a further order of masonry, called the first shell 2.
The first shell 2 is therefore located inside the second shell 4 and a crawlspace 7 is created between them. Basically, the walls of the first and second shells 2,4 are spaced apart so as to create an empty space constituting the crawlspace 7.
The first shell 2 defines a living environment 3 within which it is possible to dwell and live.
This crawlspace 7 is configured to allow a person 47 walk. Said crawlspace therefore has a distance between the internal surface of the second shell 4 and the external surface of the first shell 2 greater than 60 cm, preferably 80 cm, even more preferably greater than or equal to one meter.
In this crawlspace 7 it is possible to access through a door (not shown) arranged between the first shell 2 and the second shell 4. In this way, the access to the crawlspace 7 is independent from the access to the living environment 3. As better described below, this aspect makes it possible to carry out maintenance activities on the building utilities without interfering with the life that takes place inside the living environment 3.
The term "housing structure" means a building or a house. These terms can therefore be used interchangeably in the text.
The term "facilities" means the set of pipes, ducts, cables that are used to supply the housing structure with water, electricity, gas and air.
The term "utility" means an appliance, for example a household appliance terminal, which requires a heated/cooled fluid for its operation.
The numerical references in the figures provided with a suffix belong to the same element and represent variants of the same element, for example the household appliances 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D are all household appliances 10.
Since the first shell 2 is spaced from the second shell 4, between the two shells 2,4 there is an air chamber (the crawlspace 7) which allows to improve the thermal and acoustic insulation of the housing structure 1.
The housing structure 1 is covered by a cover 6, preferably made mainly of glass. This type of cover 6 is preferably flat with a slight slope for outflowing the rainwater, but it can also have two or more pitches. The light enters the housing structure 1 through the cover 6 and enables to illuminate the living environment.
The housing structure 1 can also comprise further window frames 34. In particular, it can comprise one or more windows 34B and/or one or more doors 34A. In particular, the housing structure 1 includes, like all houses, at least one entrance/exit door 34B that connects the external environment 5 with the living environment 3. Next to this entrance/exit door 34A the aforementioned access door to the crawlspace 7 can be arranged.
Preferably, said door 34A or window 34B are of the type described in Italian patent application n. 102021000000203 , which is incorporated in this application with regard to the architecture and operation of the door or window and its frame.
In particular, the door 34A or the window 34B join the first shell 2 with the second shell 4, being elements orthogonal to them. For this reason, doors 34A include side doors to allow access to the crawlspace 7, as in a sort of crossroads, where there is a door on each side. Conversely, the windows 34B are preferably installed at a height such as to allow the passage of person 47 below, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Alternatively, the windows 34B can be positioned at the eye level of the person 47, and in this case the crawlspace 7 includes stairs (not shown) which allow to pass under the jamb of the window 34B which lies between the shells 2,4, straddling the crawlspace 7. In any case, the housing structure 1 receives the light solar mainly through the cover 6.
The housing structure 1 can also include only an entrance/exit door 34A and no window 34B, thus taking light only from the glass cover 6.
Said cover 6 can comprise a shutter system 25. Said shutter 25 comprises fins 26 of the movable type. In particular, said fins 26 can rotate around their own horizontal axes and assume various angular positions. As shown in the detail view above of Figs. 1 and 2, the fins 26 can assume an inclined position (I), a vertical position (II) or a horizontal position (III).
When the fins 26 are all in the horizontal position (III), the shutter 25 is closed and the light does not filter through the shutter 25 into the housing structure 1.
When the fins 26 are all or partly inclined (I), the shutter 25 allows the passage of light towards the housing structure 1. Said fins 26 can be equipped on one side with a photovoltaic panel 27, which makes the fins 26 electric current generators. The inclination of the fins 26 during the day can be decided by the inhabitant 8' of the housing structure 1 through the man-machine interface 14 or selected by the control system 13, described in detail below, to optimize the angle of incidence with the sun's rays during the various hours of the day. In this regard, the housing structure 1 may include an optical sensor suitable for measuring the angle of incidence of the sun's rays.
Finally, the fins 26 can assume a vertical position (II) to clean the cover 6. Said fins 26 can comprise a rubber profile 28 arranged on the leading edge of the fin 26. This rubber profile 28 comes into contact with the cover 6 when the fin 26 is in the vertical position 6 and by means of a movement parallel to the cover 6, it allows cleaning of the cover 6 itself. With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the fin 26 is vertical, the fin translates horizontally as indicated by the horizontal arrows and cleans the cover 26 like a car windshield wiper blade. An irrigation system (not shown) of the external surface of the cover 6 using water or a detergent is possible to simplify the cleaning operation of the cover 6. The fins 26 can rotate around their axes or translate parallel to the cover 6 thanks to a belt or chain system and motors (not shown).
Said housing structure 1 comprises a plurality of household appliances 8 connected to the first shell 2 so as to pass through it as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Specifically, said first shell 2 comprises a plurality of through holes 15 which pass through the thickness of the masonry of the first shell 2. The household appliances 8 are inserted inside these openings 15 made in the first shell so as to fill the hole 15 in order to close the opening. Gaskets can be arranged perimeter on the household appliances 8, in correspondence with the interfaces 9 and the first shell 2.
Fig. 1 illustrates a housing structure 1 in which the household appliances 8 are arranged flush with the internal side of the first shell 2. On the contrary, Fig. 2 illustrates a housing structure 1 in which the household appliances 8 are arranged flush with the external side of the first shell 2. In the first case, the household appliances 8 do not occupy the living environment 3, while in the second case, the household appliances do not occupy the crawlspace 7. In both cases, the household appliances 8 can be maintained, or removed for replacement, directly from the crawlspace 7.
Said household appliances 8 are therefore removable structures with respect to the first shell 2 and allow the removal of the utilities and facilities without thereby demolishing or breaking the walls of the first shell 2.
The household appliances 8 comprise an interface 9 and a household appliance terminal 10, which can be parts of the same appliance or independent parts that can be connected to each other, as illustrated in Fig. 2. For explanatory simplicity, the more complex version is described hereinafter, that is the one in which the household appliance terminal 10 is an independent element that can be connected to the interface 9. In any case, it is evident and easily understandable by looking at Fig. 1, that the description of what follows also applies to the embodiment in which the interface 9 and the household appliance terminal 10 are integrated parts of a single appliance called the household appliance 8. In this case, the shell that encloses the interface 9 and the household appliance terminal 10 is common and the aesthetic appearance of the appliance 8 is similar to that of a traditional household appliance, as illustrated in Fig. 1. In practice, in the version of Fig. 1, the household appliance terminal 10 and interface 9 are sections of the same device called household appliance 8.
When the interface 9 is separated from the household appliance terminal 10, each interface 9 comprises connection means 41 with the household appliance terminal 10, as illustrated in Fig. 2. The connection means 41 are evidently absent in the household appliances 8 of Fig. 1. Said household appliance 8 is different from traditional household appliances in that it comprises only the mechanical components of traditional household appliances. To better clarify the concept, a classic type appliance has its own heating or cooling system of a fluid, for example the washing machine has its own resistance to heat the water and the air conditioner has its own refrigerant fluid to cool the air. In the housing structure 1 according to the present invention, the fluids necessary for the operation of the various household appliances 8 are centrally heated or cooled through a heat pump 11 and sent to the interfaces 9 connected to household appliance terminals 10.
As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, a refrigeration terminal 10B, thus a utility that requires refrigeration, is connected by means of connection 41 to an interface 9 that comprises a circuit 12A of refrigerant fluid in it. This circuit 12A exits from the interface 9, and therefore from the appliance 8B, and passes through the crawlspace 7 up to reach the heat pump 11, which absorbs heat from the refrigerant fluid contained in the circuit 12A, cooling it. As described below, the heat absorbed by the heat pump 11 is transferred to other circuits/channels for utilities that require heating. The refrigerator appliance terminal 10A so conceived can therefore be a simple casing equipped with one or more doors, thermally insulated on the sides and with a rear wall placed in thermal contact with the interface 9.
In the case of the refrigerator 8B, as well as for all the other household appliances 8, the facilities, thus the ducts/circuits are arranged in the crawlspace 7 and are therefore easily accessible by a person 47 who is in the crawlspace 7. This allows to greatly simplify the maintenance activities of the facilities without having to enter in the living environment 3.
Another household appliance 8 that requires refrigeration is the air conditioning 8A, which, similarly to the refrigerator 8B, requires an interface 9 capable of absorbing heat. The traditional air conditioning splitter includes an internal exchanger through which the air passes and within which a refrigerant fluid flows. In the solution presented there, the splitter 10A no longer includes said refrigerating system, since it is placed inside the interface 9 to which it is connected. The air passes in contact with one or more surfaces placed in thermal contact with the refrigerated surface of the interface 9, cooling it. The facility of the household appliance terminal 8A, like that of the terminal 8B, includes a circuit 12A within which a refrigerant flows that runs in the crawlspace and is thermally connected to the cold side of the heat pump 11.
Said interface 9 of the household appliance terminal 10A further comprises a source of compressed air which is used by the household appliance terminal 10A to activate the impeller which allows the refrigerated air to be blown as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. In substance, the compressed air of the gas channel 12D enters in the household appliance 8A and activates an expander, which is mechanically connected to a fan which sucks the hot air into the household appliance terminal 10A and blows it into the living environment 3 once it has been cooled.
The compressed air which is supplied to the interface 9 of the household appliance 8A passes through a gas channel 12D and is compressed by an air compressor 36. The gas channel 12D lies inside the crawlspace 7 and is therefore easily maintainable.
Although not illustrated, further utilities (household appliances) that require a refrigerated side, such as a freezer or an ice cream machine, can operate as described for household appliances 8A, 8B.
Inside a housing structure 1 there are also a plurality of household appliances which require heating. Examples in this sense can be a washing machine, a dishwasher, a dryer.
A household appliance of this type, indicated by reference 8C, can be a washing machine, equipped with its own washing drum 45 and with a mechanism which allows it to rotate. The household appliance terminal 10C of the washing machine 8C, unlike traditional washing machines, does not comprise a resistance for heating the washing water, nor a motor to rotate the washing drum 45. This household appliance terminal 10C, on the other hand, comprises an expander which can be fluidly connected to the interface 9 which is kinematically connected to the washing drum 45 to rotate it. Said household appliance terminal 10C also comprises a water connection which can be connected to the interface 9 to supply water to the washing drum 45. Finally, said household appliance 8C comprises a waste water collection tank 46 which, as described below, is connected to a waste disposal device 21. The household appliance 8C so defined does not comprise several components such as a resistance and a motor of traditional washing machines and is therefore much less subject to failures. In addition, the appliance 8C so conceived is much cheaper.
The interface 9 associated with the household appliance terminal 10C comprises, like the others, connection means 41 with the household appliance terminal 10C, as illustrated in Fig. 2. Furthermore, this interface 9 comprises a hot water delivery terminal and a cold water supply terminal. Hot water passes through a channel 12C into which water heated by the heat pump 11 flows, while cold water passes through a cold water channel 17 coming from an external source of water. Said channels 12C and 17 pass through the crawlspace 7. The interface 9 also includes a terminal for supplying compressed air. The compressed air passes through a gas channel 12D and is compressed by the compressor 36. These terminals and the connection means 41 are absent in the version of Fig. 1, since the household appliance terminal 10C and the interface 9 are integrated together for making up the appliance 8C.
The compressed air of the interface 9 enters the household appliance terminal 10C and drives the impeller of an expander which rotates the washing drum 45. The hot or cold water required for washing the clothes placed inside the washing basket 45 is provided by the interface 9 without the need for any resistance inside the household appliance terminal 10C.
A dishwasher (not shown) also works in a similar manner and, like the household appliance 8C, can comprise a hot water circuit which is supplied to its interface 9, while the impeller of an expander is operated by the compressed air supplied to the interface 9 and can operate a pump to increase the pressure of the hot water in order to vigorously wash the dishes.
Figs. 1 and 2 also show a household appliance 8D of the dryer type, which requires an interface 9 capable of supplying heat to dry the clothes present in the household appliance terminal 10D. The interface 9 of the household appliance terminal 10D includes a portion of the channel 12C within which the hot water flows. In addition, the interface 9 includes a compressed air terminal connected to the gas channel 12D. Said channels 12C, 12D also pass through the crawlspace 7 like those of the other interfaces 9. The compressed air coming from the channel 12D allows the rotation of the drum of the household appliance terminal 10D, while the circuit 12C within which the hot water flows allows to heat the air that passes through said drum to dry the clothes.
The network of ducts 12 described up to now can comprise one or more circuits 12B within which a heating fluid flows, one or more circuits 12A within which a cooling fluid flows, one or more connection channels 12C within which a liquid flows, or one or more gas channels 12D within which a gas flows. Said circuits comprise a first group of circuits, indicated with the reference 12A, within which flows a fluid that absorbs heat inside the interface 9 and transfers heat to the heat pump 11, and a second group of circuits, indicated with the reference 12B, within which a fluid flows that releases heat inside the interface 9 and absorbs heat from the heat pump 11. The fluid that flows within said circuits 12A, 12B can be water or a refrigerant fluid chosen, according to known methods, to optimize the heat exchange/transfer with the interface 9.
When the fluid flowing inside said channels 12C is water, this can be accumulated inside an accumulator 18 which keeps it, in temperature, for a prolonged time.
The interfaces 9 within which a portion of a circuit 12A, 12B passes, can comprise a coil within which the fluid of said circuits 12A, 12B flows.
The interfaces 9 to which a gas is supplied, through a gas channel 12D, or water, through a liquid channel 12C, can comprise quick coupling terminals of a known type for connecting them with the household appliance terminal 10. Otherwise, in the household appliances 8 of the integrated type, said connections between the interface and the terminal can take place via internal conduits.
Since the household terminals 10 so conceived have almost exclusively mechanical components, they are less subject to failure.
Vice versa, the interfaces 9 so conceived are terminal structures of facilities arranged in the crawlspace 7 and are therefore easily replaceable with others in the event of failure, for example in the event of a blockage.
The amount of water, its temperature and the volume of compressed air of the appliance 8C are determined by a local control unit 13C arranged in the appliance terminal 10C of the appliance 8C. The washing program of the household appliance 8C is selected through a man-machine interface 14 which is connected to a central control unit 13A which sends a control signal to the local control unit 13C, which implements the program. At the same time, the central control unit 13A sends a command signal to the control unit 13B of the heat pump 11 to manage the production of heat to warm up the water that passes through the channel 12C.
In a similar way, the household appliances terminals 10A, 10B of the household appliances 8A, 8B also comprise a local control unit 13C which manages the internal devices of the household appliance 8A, 8B. Said control unit 13C executes the instructions elaborated by the central control unit 13A on the basis of the requests of the person 47 made through the interface 14. For example, on the basis of the temperature in the room 3 desired, the central control unit 13A sends a command signal to the local control unit 13C of the household appliance terminal 10A to control the air ventilation speed and, at the same time, sends a command signal to the control unit 13B of the heat pump 11 to generate a flow of chilled liquid for the interface 9 of the household appliance 8A.
The household appliance terminal 10B of the household appliance 8B is also managed by the central control unit 13A which, on the basis of the food cooling temperature and the temperature detected inside the household appliance terminal 10B itself, sends a command signal to the control unit 13B of the heat pump 11 to cool more or less the refrigerant fluid in the circuit 12A of the household appliance 8B.
Similarly, the household appliance terminal 10D of the household appliance 8D is managed by the central control unit 13A based on the drying time and program selected by the person 47 via the interface 14. The central control unit 13A therefore sends a command signal to the control unit 13B of the heat pump 11 to heat more or less the fluid circulating in the circuit 12B of the household appliance 10D.
The central control unit 13A can be an electronic computer of a known type suitable for processing a program for the management of said household appliance terminals 10 of the household appliances 8. Said central control unit 13A is electronically connected to said local control units 13C and to said control unit 13B of the heat pump 11 by means of electronic wiring, represented in Figs. 1 and 2 by means of section-point lines.
The network of ducts 12 is instead represented in Figs. 1 and 2 with continuous lines for the liquid ducts/ circuits 12A, 12B, 12C, and with dashed lines for the gas ducts 12D.
The heat pump 11 is arranged in the crawlspace 7 as the network of ducts 12. Said heat pump 11 is preferably of a known type. As previously described, said heat pump has a cold side and a hot side, thus a portion in which heat is absorbed and another portion in which heat is released.
Preferably, said heat pump comprises a refrigeration cycle comprising a circuit 43 which connects an expander 37, a condenser 39, a compressor 38 and an expander 40. A known refrigerant fluid capable of changing state by absorbing heat during the evaporation and releasing heat during the condensation flows within them. Said expander 37 can be an expander or an expansion valve of a known type. In the first case, the expander can in turn drive a motor or a current generator. The operation of said refrigeration cycle is managed by the control unit 13B.
Said appliances inside the living environment 3 or in the crawlspace 7 are electrically powered by the photovoltaic system 20A made by means of said photovoltaic panels 27 or by the public electricity grid 20B. The power supply to the household appliances 8, the heat pump 11, the compressor 36 and the other appliances in the housing structure 1 is managed by the central control unit 13A.
The heat pump 11 also enables to generate hot water for the traditional utilities of the housing structure 1, such as for example the sinks 35 or the showers. Part of the hot water transported in channel 12C can be used by traditional utilities 35 and transported through a specific water channel 16B.
The heat pump 11 allows to generate heat that warms up the liquid circulating in the heating circuit 16A, installed inside the floor 48 of the living environment 3.
The air compressor 36 is managed by the control unit 13D. The various interfaces 9 of the housing structure 1 are supplied through the network of gas channels 12D.
Preferably, instead of traditional electrical sockets, the housing structure 1 comprises a plurality of electrical interfaces 19 which are connected to the first shell. Said electrical interfaces 19 can be of the inductive type, thus comprising a plurality of electrical coils. Said electric coils generate electromagnetic fields capable of generating a current in a coil belonging to a utility of the living environment 3, such as a telephone charger. Said coils of the utility and of the electrical interface 19 allow the transmission of an electric current from a source of electrical energy 20 to said utility when they are placed side by side one in front of the other.
The interfaces 9 may also include induction electrical sockets to power the local control units 13C and the electromechanical devices present inside the appliance terminals 10.
Advantageously, said housing structure comprises a centralized waste management system comprising one or more waste baskets arranged inside the living environment and placed in communication with one or more waste channels 22 to convey said waste into one or more waste disposal devices 21. Inside the waste disposal device 21, the waste is shredded into smaller pieces in a known manner.
Preferably, said shredded waste is washed in a washing apparatus, that in Figs. 1 and 2 is integrated with the waste disposal device 21. Said pieces of waste are washed through the waste water recovered from some of the household appliances 8, as for the appliance 8C. Said waste water or soapy water is conveyed through a waste water channel 22 to the waste disposal device and used to clean the waste from organic residues.
Said shredded waste, together with the waste water, are also sent to a waste compactor 29 which, in addition to compressing the waste in order to reduce its bulk, separates the waste water.
The waste water can now be expelled from the housing structure 1 via a drain 31 and sent to the sewer.
Conversely, the waste compacted by the compactor 29 and cleaned of organic residues can be made available to the public waste disposal service. Thanks to this system, the volume of waste produced is lower and therefore the costs of transport to landfill are reduced. Furthermore, the waste that reaches the landfill is already clean and does not require further washing.
Said waste disposal plant can comprise several waste channels 22, several waste baskets 23 and several waste disposal device 21 according to the type of waste, for example one for plastic and one for glass.
Inside said compactor 29, dust and small residues can also flow, which are collected from the ground in the living environment 3.
To collect said dust, the housing structure 1 can comprise a centralized vacuum cleaner system comprising a central vacuum cleaner 32 arranged in said crawlspace 7 and a piping network 33 which allows the transport of the dust from the living environment 3 to said central vacuum unit by means of suction intakes 42 connected to the first shell 2.
In a particular version, not shown, the floors 48, as well as the internal surfaces of the first shell 2 of the housing structure 1, can be washed by means of an irrigation system which enables water to be poured onto the floors 48 or to be released from suitable slits (not shown) present on the floor 48 or on the internal side of the first shell 2. Said water can then be conveyed towards said suction intakes 42 which, in addition to sucking up the dust, can suck up the water which descends on the floor 48 by gravity and convey them to the central vacuum cleaner 32. Alternatively, said housing structure 1 comprises a steam generation apparatus connected to said slits in the floor 48 or in the first shell 2, so as to release steam which, in addition to cleaning the surfaces, sanitizes them from viruses and bacteria.
As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, said crawlspace 7 laterally surrounds the first shell 2 and can also extend under it. Said crawlspace can be underground, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In this case, it will be accessible via a staircase inside the crawlspace 7.
The heat pump 11, the network of ducts 12, the air compressor 36, the waste disposal device 21, the compactor 29, the central vacuum cleaner 32 and all the related channels and ducts are arranged in said crawlspace 7. In this way, most of the equipment potentially subject to failures is located outside the living environment 3 and therefore can be maintained through periodic maintenance programs with minimal involvement of the person 47 in the living environment. By centralizing the devices, the risks of malfunction are drastically reduced and through scheduled preventive maintenance they can be minimized, avoiding disruptions within the living environment 3.
Preferably, said first and second shells 2,4 can be printed by means of a suitable 3D printer configured to print extruded basalt or other cementitious material. Alternatively, recycled or cementitious materials combined with resins can be used. In general, any material suitable for the purpose can be used for the three-dimensional printing of the housing structure 1. In this way, the shape of the housing structure 1 can be customized and the basalt structure makes it resistant to bad weather and earthquakes.

In conclusion, it is clear that the invention thus conceived is susceptible to numerous modifications or variations, all falling within the invention; furthermore, all the details can be replaced by technically equivalent elements. In practice, the quantities can be varied according to the technical requirements.

Legend:

1: housing structure	2: first shell	3: living environment
4: second shell	5: external environment	6: cover
7: crawlspace	8: household appliance	9: interface
10: appliance terminal	11: heat pump	12: network of ducts
12A: cold circuit	12B: hot circuit	12C: liquid channel
12D: gas channel	13: control system	13A: central control unit
13B: heat pump unit	13C: local control unit	14: man-machine interface
15: through hole	16A: heating circuit	16B: water utility channel
17: cold water duct	18: accumulator	19: electrical interface
20: source of electrical energy	20A: photovoltaic system	20B: public electricity grid
21: waste disposal device	22: waste channel	23: waste basket
24: waste water channel	25: shutter	26: fin
27: photovoltaic panel	28: rubber profile	29: waste compactor
30: waste outlet	31: water drain	32: central vacuum unit
33: piping network	34: frame	34A: door
34B: window	35: water utility	36: air compressor
37: expander	38: refrigerant compressor	39: condenser
40: evaporator	41: connection means	42: suction intake
43: heat pump circuit	44: mains cable	45: wash basket
46: waste water collection tank	47: person	48: floor

Claims

Housing structure (1) comprising a first shell (2) in which there is a living environment (3) and a second shell (4) concentric and external with respect to the first shell (2) that is in direct contact with an external environment (5); said first and second shells (2,4) being covered by a cover (6) and mutually arranged so as to form a crawlspace (7) between them that can be walked by a person (47);
wherein said housing structure (1) further comprises:
- a plurality of household appliances (8) connected to said first shell (2) so as to face towards said living environment (3) and towards said crawlspace (7);

- a centralized heat pump (11) thermally connected to said household appliances (8) by means of a network of ducts (12) within which a fluid flows;

- a control system (13) configured to control the heat pump (11) and the household appliances (8).
Housing structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein each of said household appliances (8) comprises an interface (9) housed inside a hole (15) passing through the thickness of the first shell (2) and a respective appliance terminal (10) connectable to said interface (9).
Housing structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said control system (13) comprises a central control unit (13A), a heat pump control unit (13B) and local control units (13C) of the household appliances (8) interconnected by means of said central control unit (13A), preferably said central control unit (13A) is connected to at least one man-machine interface (14) for the management of the household appliances (8).
Housing structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said network of ducts (12) and said heat pump (11) are arranged in said crawlspace (7).
Housing structure (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein said network of ducts (12) comprises a plurality of circuits (12A, 12B) and/or connecting channels (12C, 12D) in which a liquid and/or a gas flows.
Housing structure (1) according to claim 5, wherein said plurality of circuits (12A) comprises a first group of circuits (12A) thermally connected to a hot side of the heat pump (11) and a second group of circuits (12B) thermally connected to a cold side of the heat pump (11).
Housing structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of electrical interfaces (19) connected to said first shell (2) so as to face towards said living environment (3); said electrical interfaces (19) being of the inductive type and being connected to a source of electrical energy (20).
Housing structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a waste disposal device (21) arranged in said crawlspace (7) and communicating with said living environment (3) through a waste channel (22) which passes through said first shell (2), preferably said waste disposal device (21) comprises a waste washing apparatus fluidly connected to one or more of said household appliances (8) to recover waste water (24) from said household appliances (8).
Housing structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said cover (6) is at least partly made of a transparent material, preferably surmounted by a shutter (25) with movable fins (26).
Housing structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a centralized vacuum cleaner system comprising a central vacuum cleaner (32) arranged in said crawlspace (7) and a piping network (33) connected to said living environment (3) which converges into said central vacuum cleaner (32).