EP4054975A1 - Verfahren zur isocyanat- und polyurethan-herstellung mit verbesserter nachhaltigkeit - Google Patents
Verfahren zur isocyanat- und polyurethan-herstellung mit verbesserter nachhaltigkeitInfo
- Publication number
- EP4054975A1 EP4054975A1 EP20799759.4A EP20799759A EP4054975A1 EP 4054975 A1 EP4054975 A1 EP 4054975A1 EP 20799759 A EP20799759 A EP 20799759A EP 4054975 A1 EP4054975 A1 EP 4054975A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- water
- gas
- separation
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/80—Phosgene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/03—Preparation from chlorides
- C01B7/04—Preparation of chlorine from hydrogen chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/07—Purification ; Separation
- C01B7/0706—Purification ; Separation of hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/0712—Purification ; Separation of hydrogen chloride by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C263/00—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
- C07C263/10—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reaction of amines with carbonyl halides, e.g. with phosgene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
- C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/12—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by dry-heat treatment only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/081—Supplying products to non-electrochemical reactors that are combined with the electrochemical cell, e.g. Sabatier reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of isocyanates and optionally polyurethanes by synthesizing phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine, converting phosgene with diamines to diisocyanates and hydrogen chloride, optionally converting the diisocyanates with polyethers and / or polyesters to form polyurethanes, providing a carbon dioxide gas stream and cleaning of the carbon dioxide gas stream of secondary components and subsequent conversion of the carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide, which is used in the phosgene synthesis.
- the invention further relates to the recovery of polyurethane-containing waste materials (hereinafter also referred to as "polyurethane material waste”) for the production of chemical raw materials for the production of isocyanates and optionally then polyurethanes, in which starting from polyurethane material waste z. B. be generated by pyrolysis, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons and optionally carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the carbon dioxide by reaction with hydrogen to carbon monoxide in a so-called reverse water gas shift reaction (hereinafter called RWGS reaction) and the carbon monoxide obtained is converted to isocyanate via phosgene and that Isocyanate can be further processed into new polyurethane material.
- RWGS reaction reverse water gas shift reaction
- the invention relates in particular to a method for the low-emission production of isocyanates using a RWGS reaction and the provision of hydrogen from a water electrolysis or from an electrolysis for the production of chlorine, as well as the use of the oxygen from the water electrolysis for the combustion of materials contained in polyurethane to carbon dioxide and if necessary, incineration of pyrolysis residues obtained from materials contained in polyurethane and use of the respective carbon dioxide obtained as raw material for the RWGS reaction.
- the carbon monoxide preferably produced from the recycling of the polyurethane material waste, is reacted with chlorine to form phosgene and this is reacted with amines to form isocyanates.
- Polyurethane materials can again be produced from the isocyanates by reaction with polyether polyol or polyester polyol. This means that part of the value chain is closed.
- polyurethane material can be produced with further improved sustainability. The proportion of fossil carbon in polyurethane should be significantly reduced.
- the water electrolysis can produce additional hydrogen required to hydrogenate the nitro compounds to amines, which are converted to isocyanates with the phosgene can.
- the by-product oxygen is generated at the anode. This oxygen can be used for the incineration of the polyurethane -containing waste materials and the pyrolysis residue, as a result of which a highly concentrated CO 2 exhaust gas flow is obtained during the incineration and the CO 2 recovery is thereby significantly more economical than with the incineration of the waste contained in the polyurethane material with air.
- CO 2 from alternative sources such as the incineration of other wastes can also be used. The CO 2 is cleaned and fed to the RWGS reaction.
- Polyurethanes hereinafter also referred to as PU for short, are plastics that result from the polyaddition reaction of polyols containing at least two hydroxyl groups with polyisocyanates.
- the use of diols and diisocyanates leads to linear polyurethanes.
- Crosslinked polyurethanes can be produced by reacting triisocyanate-diisocyanate mixtures with triol-diol mixtures.
- the properties of PU can be varied within a wide range. Depending on the degree of crosslinking and / or the isocyanate or OH component used, thermosets, thermoplastics or elastomers are obtained.
- polyurethanes are also used as molding compounds for compression molding, as casting resins (isocyanate resins), as (textile) elastic fibers, polyurethane varnishes and as polyurethane adhesives. It is also very easy to produce foams from polyurethane.
- Soft PU foams are used for a wide variety of purposes, especially as a cushioning material, e.g. B. for furniture and car seats, as mattress foam, as a carpet backing material, for textile lamination, as a cleaning sponge or as a filter material.
- PU rigid foams are mainly used for thermal insulation, e.g. B. used in buildings, cooling devices, heat and cold storage and some pipe systems (plastic jacket composite pipe, flexible composite pipe).
- the urethane group can be reacted with an amine to form urea and a polyol.
- the object of the present invention was to find a more sustainable process for isocyanate production and ultimately also for polyurethane production, including recycling processes and closing the value chain.
- essential components for polyurethane production such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen or the electricity for operating electrolysis such as water electrolysis and chlor-alkali electrolysis have been made from fossil fuels.
- carbon monoxide and hydrogen are obtained from natural gas or from coal using reforming processes, and chlorine from electrolysis with electricity produced using fossil fuels such as oil, coal or natural gas.
- the invention thus has the task of making the production of isocyanate and optionally polyurethane more sustainable than that from the prior art to design known production methods.
- the contribution of the production of isoeyanate and thus of polyurethane to a decreasing satisfaction of the needs of future generations should be reduced or avoided.
- One object of the invention is therefore to reduce the use of fossil raw materials as a starting material for isocyanate production and, if appropriate, also the use of fossil raw materials to provide energy for isocyanate production.
- the latter task in particular is intended to further improve the carbon dioxide balance (carbon footprint) of PU production in order to protect the earth's atmosphere.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of isocyanates (and optionally of polyurethanes) by at least the following steps:
- the previously formed chlorine is fed into the phosgene synthesis, optionally with the addition of fresh chlorine from a chlor-alkali electrolysis.
- a step for converting the diisocyanates with polyether polyol and / or polyester polyol to form polyurethanes can also take place within the scope of the process according to the invention.
- An embodiment of the process is again suitable as a process for the production of isocyanates and polyurethanes
- lower hydrocarbons are understood to mean hydrocarbons with 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Amine scrubbing of the product gas of the RWGS reaction is understood here in particular as the generally known scrubbing of the gas mixture according to the principle of chemisorption with amines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) or diglycolamine (DGA), which is already used in A high purity of the purified gas mixture is achieved at low pressure in an absorption column.
- amines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) or diglycolamine (DGA), which is already used in A high purity of the purified gas mixture is achieved at low pressure in an absorption column.
- regenerative energy to be energy from an energy source that is not exhausted, such as wind energy, water energy or solar energy.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that carbon dioxide is used for the RWGS synthesis, which is produced from the utilization of polyurethane material waste by incineration and / or by pyrolysis.
- oxygen gas which is obtained from the electrolysis of water, is used in the combustion.
- polyurethane material waste may have arisen through the use of polyurethane on the market, the polyurethane being produced from diisocyanates which were provided by the method according to the invention.
- polyurethane material waste When recycling such a polyurethane material waste in the RWGS synthesis according to the invention, one speaks of a so-called “closed loop” process.
- Particularly preferred is a process in which carbon dioxide is used for the RWGS synthesis, which arises from the utilization of polyurethane material waste by incineration in the presence of gas with an oxygen gas content (O2), said gas having an oxygen gas content (O2) of at least 30% by volume, preferably of at least 50% by volume, particularly preferably of at least 95% by volume, very particularly preferably of at least 99% by volume, most preferably of at least 99.5% by volume.
- O2 oxygen gas content
- the oxygen gas used for combustion can, in turn, preferably be obtained from water electrolysis.
- the polyurethane material waste is recycled, for example, by pyrolysis of said polyurethane material waste at elevated temperature, if appropriate in the presence of a catalyst, to obtain carbon dioxide, if appropriate carbon monoxide, if appropriate hydrogen, if appropriate a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic low molecular weight
- Hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons and optionally a residue of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons are then preferably subjected to refining to obtain a gas mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen gas and other low molecular weight gases which are gaseous under normal conditions
- the residue obtained in the pyrolysis and, if appropriate, further polyurethane material waste can be incinerated in particular with oxygen-containing gas, in particular with pure oxygen, to obtain gas containing carbon dioxide.
- carbon dioxide is used for the RWGS synthesis, which is produced from the incineration of polyurethane material waste using oxygen obtained from the electrolysis of water.
- the water electrolysis and / or the electrochemical oxidation is carried out using electrical power generated from regenerative energy, in particular electrical power optionally obtained by using wind power, solar energy or water power.
- the water electrolysis and / or the electrochemical oxidation are carried out using electrical current from fed-back energy, which is obtained when burning used polyurethane material and / or carrying out the RWGS reaction.
- RWGS reaction is carried out by means of electrical power generated from regenerative energy, in particular electrical power optionally obtained through the use of wind power, solar energy or water power.
- the heating of the RWGS reaction is carried out by means of energy fed back, which is obtained from the incineration of polyurethane material waste.
- fed back energy to mean energy, in particular thermal energy, which is taken from a method step of the method according to the invention (optionally converted into another form of energy, for example electrical current) and reintroduced into another process step of the process according to the invention.
- the RWGS reaction is heated by burning hydrocarbons from regenerative hydrocarbon production, in particular by burning biomethane.
- Biomethane is understood here to mean methane that is obtained from the biogas obtained through fermentation of biomass.
- Another particularly preferred variant of the new method is characterized in that the polyurethane material is recycled after its use as polyurethane material waste and the polyurethane material waste is burned to carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide is used as an input material in cleaning.
- the oxygen for the combustion is preferably obtained from water electrolysis.
- the CCE emissions are further reduced in the overall process.
- the hydrogen formed in the electrolysis of water is used optionally in the optional refining and / or in a hydrogenation of nitro compounds, it being possible for the amines obtained in the hydrogenation of nitro compounds to be used in the isocyanate production.
- the hydrogen which may have been separated off in the new process is preferably used in the hydrogenation of nitro compounds. This makes amines available as precursors of the isocyanate.
- the material cycle is further closed in that the polyurethane material is recycled after its use as polyurethane material waste and the polyurethane material waste is incinerated to carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide is used as an input material in cleaning.
- PU material When recycling PU material after the end of its useful life, conventional separation processes are used to separate composite materials from waste.
- the PU material is either automated or roughly separated by hand, then mechanically shredded and, if necessary, further separated.
- the PU material obtained is used as a raw material, polyurethane material waste, for incineration or pyrolysis.
- the polyurethane material waste is converted, for example, with pure oxygen O 2 , which is developed at the anode as a by-product of water electrolysis.
- O 2 oxygen
- the heat of reaction resulting from the combustion can be used as energy fed back to produce steam and / or electrical power.
- the heat can be used to operate the Pyrolysis are used and the electricity generated in the electrolysis. This further improves the efficiency of the new overall process.
- the heat obtained during the combustion can also be used as energy fed back to heat the RWGS reaction, which further improves the energetic efficiency of the new overall process compared to the state of the art.
- the CO2 resulting from the incineration or pyrolysis of the polyurethane material waste is produced in a highly concentrated form and is cleaned before further use.
- the by-products of the combustion e.g. sulfur compounds such as SO2, nitrogen compounds such as NOx as well as residual organic materials as well as dust and other compounds that have arisen from the components present in the PU material, are separated off.
- the incineration of the polyurethane material waste with pure oxygen can take place, for example, according to the process known as the oxyfuel process in an atmosphere of pure oxygen and CO2 (recirculating flue gas).
- the resulting flue gas is not diluted with the nitrogen contained in the air and consists essentially of CO2 and water vapor.
- the water vapor can be condensed with little effort, so that a highly concentrated C0 2 stream (concentration in the ideal case close to 100 percent) is created.
- the CO2 can then be cleaned and further processed, if necessary also compressed and stored.
- some of the energy that is obtained from pyrolysis or from the incineration of the polyurethane material waste can be converted into steam or electricity.
- the electricity generated can be used to operate the electrolysis, which creates an even more efficient process with low consumption of electrical energy.
- the purification of CO2 from combustion gases can be carried out according to methods known in principle from the prior art. This is described in the following as an example.
- the combustion gases are cleaned, the main component of which is CO2.
- the structure of a combustion gas cleaning system is divided into different stages.
- the special task of cleaning is to provide a CO2 without disruptive secondary components for the subsequent RWGS reaction.
- dust is removed from the combustion gas.
- Any acidic gas present such as hydrogen chloride, which is formed from chlorine compounds present in the waste, can then be removed.
- Any acidic gas present such as hydrogen chloride, which is formed from chlorine compounds present in the waste, can then be removed.
- Exhaust gas washing towers are used.
- the combustion gas is also cooled here and freed from further dusts and possibly heavy metals.
- sulfur dioxide gas formed is also separated out in a scrubbing circuit and converted into gypsum, for example with hydrated lime.
- the removal of nitrogen compounds from the combustion gases can be converted back to nitrogen and water by adding urea or ammonia, for example, on zeolites containing catalysts or by adding urea or ammonia.
- the catalysts are usually operated at a temperature of over 320 ° C.
- the N2 compounds can also be removed by washing with nitric acid or washing with catalysts.
- the drying and further purification of the CO2 can be carried out by customary known methods. Drying, for example, by treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid.
- activated carbon filters are used to remove residual organics and metal residues from the combustion gas using activated carbon.
- activated carbon in the form of dust can be metered into the combustion gas flow or flue gas flow and then separated again on the fabric filter together with the accumulated pollutants.
- the used coal is discharged and fed to the energetic recovery (basically described in: https://www.ava-augsburg.de/umwelt/rauchgasgraphy/).
- CO2 is available that can be used as a raw material for the RWGS reaction.
- CO2 can also be separated by means of amine scrubbing from gas streams with a lower concentration of CO2.
- the pyrolysis of the used polyurethane material can preferably be carried out as follows: The pyrolysis of the polyurethane material is carried out at an elevated temperature, if appropriate in the presence of a catalyst, while obtaining optionally carbon dioxide, optionally carbon monoxide, optionally / hydrogen, a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic low molecular weight hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons and a residue of higher molecular carbon compounds, optionally refining the resulting mixture of low molecular weight hydrocarbons to obtain a mixture of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other gaseous hydrocarbon compounds, and separating the resulting mixtures in a gas separation,
- the polyurethane material waste recycled and comminuted as described above can be fed to the pyrolysis, it being possible for the pyrolysis to be carried out either with or without a catalyst.
- the fractions produced during pyrolysis are gaseous, liquid and solid, with the solid phase mostly consisting mainly of pyrolytic carbon.
- the liquid long-chain carbon compounds containing aromatics such as toluene, benzene, xylene are preferably fed to a refining process.
- the compounds can be separated or, if necessary, reacted further in refining processes with hydrogen, preferably hydrogen from water electrolysis, so that propene and ethene (as precursors for polyols, polyethers) can also be obtained as a result.
- the long-chain, liquid hydrocarbon compounds can be separated and processed further.
- the aromatic compounds such as benzene or aniline or, if they occur, isocyanates, could also be reused as raw materials in the corresponding syntheses.
- the pyrolysis can optionally be operated in particular in such a way that larger amounts of carbon monoxide and possibly hydrogen are generated.
- These gases can be separated off together with the short-chain hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. in the refinery, or separated off separately and then fed to a carbon monoxide-hydrogen separation and used.
- the solid substances produced during pyrolysis usually consist of carbon. This solid phase can be reacted with pure oxygen from water electrolysis. This also creates a highly concentrated stream of CO 2 , which is fed to a cleaning process.
- CO 2 is a possibility for the production of high-purity CO 2
- alkali for example potassium hydroxide.
- potassium hydrogen carbonate is formed, which can then be thermally decomposed again to CO 2 and potassium hydroxide solution. Heat generated from pyrolysis or combustion can be used here.
- the cleaned CO2 is fed to the RWGS reaction.
- the gas mixture taken from the RWGS reaction is cooled.
- the water of reaction is separated off in the process.
- the water of reaction can be fed back into the electrolysis of water as a raw material.
- the gas is fed to the C0 2 separation.
- the CO2 separation takes place, for example, by means of an amine scrubbing, in which the CO2 is removed and the residual gas from CO and H2 is fed to an H2 / CO gas separation unit.
- the CO obtained is then fed to the phosgene synthesis and converted here to phosgene with CI2.
- the phosgene produced is fed to isocyanate production. In isocyanate production, the phosgene is reacted with an amine to form an isocyanate and hydrogen chloride.
- the hydrogen obtained from the water electrolysis or the H2 / CO separation can either be fed to the hydrogenation of the nitro compounds to the amines and thus to the production of the isocyanates.
- An embodiment of the new process is therefore preferred in which at least partial flows of the carbon monoxide and / or the hydrogen from the H2 / CO separation are fed to an RWGS reaction.
- the isocyanate from isocyanate production is reacted with polyether polyol or with polyester polyol to form polyurethane material in a corresponding synthesis.
- the new process can also preferably be operated in such a way that part of the polyurethane material waste is fed directly to incineration instead of pyrolysis.
- the hydrogen chloride (HCl) produced during isocyanate production can be fed to another HCl recycling unit such as an HCl diaphragm or HCl electrolysis with a gas diffusion electrode or a catalytic gas phase oxidation.
- HCl electrolysis with gas diffusion electrodes or gas phase oxidation the required O2 can be obtained from the water electrolysis.
- the person skilled in the art is the production of chlorine gas from electrochemical oxidation according to the HCl ODC electrolysis process (suitable electrolysis cell see US Pat. No.
- the PU materials required on the market can then be produced with the isocyanates and the polyether polyols and, if necessary, additionally with polyester polyols.
- the polyurethanes are used in various applications on the market. At the end of their useful life, the materials are recycled and the PU materials are separated here. The separated material is then recycled as polyurethane material waste in the form of pyrolysis and / or incineration. As a result, no further fossil raw materials are required for isocyanate production and polyurethane material can be produced in an improved, sustainable manner.
- Fig. 1 A schematic overview of the overall process with RWGS reaction, chlorine production, PU production, use and recycling of the polyurethane material waste from it to CO2 for the RWGS reaction
- Chlorine from chlor-alkali electrolysis (14) (preferred with oxygen depletion cathode (SVK) with oxygen supply (27))
- FIG. 2 A schematic overview of the overall process with RWGS reaction, a hydrochloric acid electrolysis according to the diaphragm process (HC1-DIA) for chlorine production, including optional PU production, use of the polyurethane material and recycling of polyurethane material waste from it to CO2 for the RWGS response.
- the reference numbers used in FIG. 2 are assigned as defined for FIG.
- Fig.l and Fig.2 illustrate the closed-loop variant of the method according to the invention. It is of course possible within the scope of one embodiment to use polyurethane material that is not already recycled from polyurethane material (37), but from toluene-2, rather than from polyurethane material (37) as a supply of polyurethane material waste (38). 4-diisocyanate was produced that came directly from raw materials from fossil sources without recycling. In this variant, steps (3), (35a), (35b) and (37) are to be removed in Fig.l and Fig.2.
- a total of 3.24 t / h of hydrogen was withdrawn from the water electrolysis (5), so that an additional 21.86 t / h of water was added.
- the remaining gas mixture (39a) from the RWGS was fed to a CO2 separator (8).
- the CO2 was separated off by means of amine scrubbing, the separated CO2 (31b) being fed back into the RWGS reaction.
- the energy for the CO2 separation from the formed CO2 amine complex was obtained from the water separation (7) of the RWGS gases (39).
- the gas (39b) freed of CO2 was fed to the H2-CO separation (9).
- a so-called cold box was used for the H2-CO separation, in which the H2-CO gas mixture was cooled and hydrogen and CO were separated.
- the separated hydrogen (29c) was fed back to the RWGS (6). From the H2-CO separation (9), 11.35 t / h CO were fed to a phosgene synthesis (1). The CO reacted with 29.79 t / h of chlorine, which was taken from an HCl gas phase oxidation (16). 40.15 t / h of phosgene were taken from the phosgene synthesis (1) and reacted in an isocyanate production (2) with 24.73 t / h of toluene diamine 23 to give 35.27 t / h of toluene diisocyanate (24).
- the resulting HCl gas (25) in an amount of 29.59 t / h was, after purification, fed to an HCl gas phase oxidation (16) via a low-temperature distillation.
- the HCl gas phase oxidation (16) the HCl gas was converted to chlorine and H2O at approx. 300 ° C over a ruthenium oxide-based catalyst with oxygen (27).
- the required oxygen (27) was taken from the water electrolysis (5).
- the toluene diisocyanate (24) obtained was reacted in the customary manner with polyether polyols (35a) or polyester polyols (35b) to form polyurethane material (37).
- polyurethane material that is not already recycled from polyurethane material (37), but from toluene-2, rather than from polyurethane material (37) as a supply of polyurethane material waste (38).
- 4-diisocyanate was produced that came directly from fossil sources without recycling.
- steps (3), (35a), (35b) and (37) are to be removed in Fig.l and Fig.2.
- the hydrogen (29) was generated in a water electrolysis with a power of 45 MW, whereby regenerative energy was used.
- the water electrolysis (5) was an alkaline water electrolysis, which was operated with a current density of 8 kA / m 2 and a cell voltage of 2 V per electrolysis element. 45 MW and 21.86 t / h of water and 7.3 t / h of water from H2O separation (7) were fed in. 3.24 t / h H2 were withdrawn from the water electrolysis.
- the RWGS reaction was operated at 802 ° C, the temperature was generated by combustion with bio-natural gas.
- the process of the present invention replaced 22% of the carbon present in the TDI from a non-fossil carbon source.
- the C0 2 footprint of the phosgene produced from CO and CI2 was further reduced.
- a total of 2.43 t / h of hydrogen were withdrawn from the water electrolysis, so that an additional 14.56 t / h of water were added.
- the remaining gas mixture (39a) from the RWGS was fed to a CO2 separator (8).
- the CO2 was separated by means of amine scrubbing, with the separated CO2 (31b) being returned to the RWGS.
- the energy for separating CO2 from the C0 2 amine complex formed was obtained from the water separation (7) of the RWGS gases (39).
- the gas (39b) freed from CO2 was fed to the fh-CO separation (9).
- a so-called cold box was used for the H2-CO separation, in which the H2-CO gas mixture was cooled and hydrogen and CO were separated.
- the separated hydrogen (29c) was fed back to the RWGS (6). From the H2-CO separation (9), 11.35 t / h CO were fed to a phosgene synthesis (1). The CO reacted with 29.79 t / h of chlorine, which was taken from an HCl diaphragm electrolysis (17). 40.15 t / h of phosgene were taken from the phosgene synthesis (1) and reacted in an isocyanate production (2) with 24.73 t / h of toluene diamine 23 to give 35.27 t / h of toluene diisocyanate (24).
- the resulting HCl gas (25) with an amount of 29.59 t / h was purified by means of a low-temperature distillation, absorption in water with formation of 35% hydrochloric acid, purification of the hydrochloric acid using activated carbon in an HCl diaphragm electrolysis (17 ) supplied. Chlorine and hydrogen were taken from the HCl diaphragm electrolysis. The hydrogen was cleaned and fed to the RWGS. The toluene diisocyanate (24) obtained was reacted in the customary manner with polyether polyols (35a) or polyester polyols (35b) to form polyurethane material (37).
- the polyurethane material After the polyurethane material has been used in various applications in the market (80), it can be collected and recycled (90) in order to incinerate the polyurethane material waste (38) obtained therefrom (10b).
- the combustion was converted with oxygen (27) from the water electrolysis (5), so that a highly concentrated CO2 exhaust gas flow (31) is created.
- This CO2 stream (31) was fed to a CO2 cleaning system (4) and the water from the combustion was removed and nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides were separated. Afterwards, 17.84 t / h CO2 were fed to the RWGS (6).
- the hydrogen (29) was generated in a water electrolysis with an output of 45 MW, whereby regenerative energy was used.
- the water electrolysis (5) was an alkaline water electrolysis, which was operated with a current density of 8 kA / m 2 and a cell voltage of 2 V per electrolysis element. 45 MW and 21.86 t / h of water and 7.3 t / h of water from H2O separation (7) were fed in. 3.24 t / h H2 were withdrawn from the water electrolysis.
- the RWGS was operated at 802 ° C, the temperature was generated by combustion with bio natural gas.
- the process of the present invention replaced 22% of the carbon present in the TDI from a non-fossil carbon source.
- the CCE footprint of the phosgene produced from CO and Cb was further reduced.
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19207406.0A EP3819259A1 (de) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Verfahren zur isocyanat- und polyurethan-herstellung mit verbesserter nachhaltigkeit |
| PCT/EP2020/081202 WO2021089737A1 (de) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | Verfahren zur isocyanat- und polyurethan-herstellung mit verbesserter nachhaltigkeit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4054975A1 true EP4054975A1 (de) | 2022-09-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP19207406.0A Pending EP3819259A1 (de) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Verfahren zur isocyanat- und polyurethan-herstellung mit verbesserter nachhaltigkeit |
| EP20799759.4A Pending EP4054975A1 (de) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | Verfahren zur isocyanat- und polyurethan-herstellung mit verbesserter nachhaltigkeit |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19207406.0A Pending EP3819259A1 (de) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Verfahren zur isocyanat- und polyurethan-herstellung mit verbesserter nachhaltigkeit |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US12291595B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3819259A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7818511B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20220098137A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114599635B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021089737A1 (de) |
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| CN117836269A (zh) * | 2021-08-19 | 2024-04-05 | 三井化学株式会社 | 异氰酸酯制造系统、异氰酸酯组合物、聚合性组合物、树脂及成型体 |
| KR20240033252A (ko) * | 2021-08-19 | 2024-03-12 | 미쓰이 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 아이소사이아네이트 제조 시스템, 아이소사이아네이트 조성물, 중합성 조성물, 수지, 및 성형체 |
| JP7770839B2 (ja) * | 2021-09-30 | 2025-11-17 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 炭化水素類製造システム |
| DE102022201519A1 (de) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-17 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur gekoppelten Herstellung von Polyurethanen mit verringertem CO2-Fußabdruck |
| EP4234491A1 (de) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-30 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur gasifikation polymerer wertstoffmaterialien für die emissionsarme bereitstellung von für die herstellung von phosgen nutzbarem kohlenmonoxid |
| EP4310224A1 (de) | 2022-07-19 | 2024-01-24 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Nachhaltige herstellung organischer aminoverbindungen für die produktion organischer isocyanate |
| EP4345094A1 (de) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-03 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur phosgen-herstellung mit rückführung von kohlendioxid aus wertstoffrecycling |
| WO2024126607A1 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | Basf Se | Process for preparing at least one polyisocyanate from co2 |
| EP4403589B1 (de) | 2023-01-19 | 2026-04-15 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von mindestens einem polyisocyanat aus festem material w |
| EP4438586A1 (de) | 2023-03-30 | 2024-10-02 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Nachhaltige herstellung von bisphenol-a für die produktion von polycarbonat |
| EP4442859A1 (de) | 2023-04-06 | 2024-10-09 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Nachhaltige herstellung von hexamethylendiisocyanat für die produktion von polyurethan |
| EP4549619A1 (de) * | 2023-10-31 | 2025-05-07 | Basf Se | Herstellung von aminen durch hydrierung von nitroverbindungen unter verwendung von wasserstoff mit niedrigem deuteriumgehalt |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| IN190134B (de) * | 1995-12-28 | 2003-06-21 | Du Pont | |
| IT1284072B1 (it) | 1996-06-26 | 1998-05-08 | De Nora Spa | Cella elettrochimica a membrana provvista di elettrodi a diffusione gassosa contattati da portacorrente metallici lisci e porosi a |
| DE19956787A1 (de) | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Bayer Ag | Elektrolyseplatte |
| DE10148600A1 (de) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-10 | Bayer Ag | Einbau einer Gasdiffusionselektrode in einen Elektrolyseur |
| DE102005032663A1 (de) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-01-18 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanaten |
| DE102006024516A1 (de) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chlor aus Chlorwasserstoff und Sauerstoff |
| ES2558857T3 (es) * | 2007-01-17 | 2016-02-09 | Basf Se | Procedimiento para la preparación de isocianatos |
| DE102007020146A1 (de) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung und Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoff enthaltenden Gases |
| ITMI20071375A1 (it) | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-11 | Uhdenora Spa | Collettore di corrente elastico per celle elettrochimiche |
| HUE030997T2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2017-06-28 | Huntsman Int Llc | Process for the preparation of isocyanates |
| KR101570882B1 (ko) * | 2009-08-04 | 2015-11-23 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 메탄의 열분해 및 이산화탄소 전환 반응을 포함하는 탄소 함유 물질의 가스화 방법 |
| DE102010039735A1 (de) | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-01 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chlor durch Gasphasenoxidation |
| EP2690832B1 (de) * | 2011-03-25 | 2019-11-13 | Nec Corporation | Kommunikationsvorrichtung, kommunikationssystem und kommunikationsverfahren |
| US8821709B2 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-09-02 | Liquid Light, Inc. | System and method for oxidizing organic compounds while reducing carbon dioxide |
| WO2014097142A1 (de) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | Parallele herstellung von wasserstoff, kohlenstoffmonoxid und einem kohlenstoffhaltigen produkt |
| EP3512925B1 (de) * | 2016-09-13 | 2022-03-30 | 8 Rivers Capital, LLC | System und verfahren zur energieerzeugung mit partieller oxidation |
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- 2019-11-06 EP EP19207406.0A patent/EP3819259A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-11-05 WO PCT/EP2020/081202 patent/WO2021089737A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-11-05 EP EP20799759.4A patent/EP4054975A1/de active Pending
- 2020-11-05 CN CN202080077320.0A patent/CN114599635B/zh active Active
- 2020-11-05 US US17/774,163 patent/US12291595B2/en active Active
- 2020-11-05 JP JP2022525188A patent/JP7818511B2/ja active Active
- 2020-11-05 KR KR1020227014770A patent/KR20220098137A/ko active Pending
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|---|---|
| US20220389150A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
| JP2023500262A (ja) | 2023-01-05 |
| CN114599635A (zh) | 2022-06-07 |
| US12291595B2 (en) | 2025-05-06 |
| WO2021089737A1 (de) | 2021-05-14 |
| CN114599635B (zh) | 2025-01-28 |
| JP7818511B2 (ja) | 2026-02-20 |
| EP3819259A1 (de) | 2021-05-12 |
| KR20220098137A (ko) | 2022-07-11 |
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