EP4053445A1 - Connection system for cfk pressurised tank, cfk pressurised tank and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Connection system for cfk pressurised tank, cfk pressurised tank and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4053445A1 EP4053445A1 EP22155240.9A EP22155240A EP4053445A1 EP 4053445 A1 EP4053445 A1 EP 4053445A1 EP 22155240 A EP22155240 A EP 22155240A EP 4053445 A1 EP4053445 A1 EP 4053445A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- collar
- ring
- cfrp
- closure means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0604—Liners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/031—Air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
- F17C2223/045—Localisation of the removal point in the gas with a dip tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/011—Improving strength
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
- F17C2270/0754—Fire extinguishers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a connection system for a CFRP pressure tank, particularly suitable for fire extinguishing systems, a CFRP pressure tank and a manufacturing method for this.
- fire extinguishing systems from a quantity of extinguishing agent of 250 kilograms (kg) or 250 liters.
- extinguishing agent 250 kilograms (kg) or 250 liters.
- fire extinguishers which can be designed as portable hand-held devices or can be moved by hand on rollers.
- Hand-held fire extinguishers as well as mobile fire extinguishers up to 50 kg usually have only one connection through which loading and the extinguishing agent is applied. This is located on a statically unproblematic front side, which allows the hose to be easily aligned during use when the tank is usually handled upright.
- the larger fire extinguishing systems can be mobile or stationary. Stationary fire extinguishing systems are available, for example, as fixed vehicle superstructures or vehicle installations, but also on ships, in trains, buildings, halls or industrial plants.
- Fire extinguishing systems that are under constant pressure, i.e. are constantly ready for use and are exposed to an operating pressure of 30 bar, cannot be kept 100% leak-proof and therefore have to be recharged again and again.
- the propellant is only loaded into the extinguishing agent tank directly before use.
- foam or powder can also be used as an extinguishing agent.
- Nitrogen or dried breathing air are used as propellants. When charged, such chargeable systems are under pressures of up to 20 bar.
- the extinguishing agent is usually filled via an opening that can be closed with a lid on the upper front side.
- the outlet for discharging the extinguishing agent is usually equipped with a ball valve, which, depending on the situation, can be operated pneumatically by remote control or manually directly on the valve.
- the connection for the slope is therefore usually arranged in the lateral surface.
- Another connection is required for the application of propellant, which is usually also located in the lateral surface.
- further openings can be provided, such as so-called manholes, through which a person can get inside a tank to carry out maintenance work from the inside.
- Composite pressure tanks for fluids are known with connections on the end faces, which have an internal liner, for example a plastic shell, for receiving the fluid and a winding made of fiber composite materials surrounding the liner, which protects the liner against the pressure load. Since it is important that the winding is of the correct thickness, orientation and quality, this requires an exact calculation of the compressive load and a corresponding winding process with the laminated fibers. Depending on the manufacturing process, additional steps may be required, such as removing air bubbles with a vacuum.
- the winding process is complex and expensive. It was developed, among other things, for hydrogen tanks in automotive engineering with operating pressures of up to 700 bar, which require a connection at the front, i.e. in the statically unproblematic area of the tank. But CFRP is also already being used for smaller fire extinguishers, since CFRP use is not a problem for these small devices, which also only have connections on the front. In the larger extinguishing systems, on the other hand, a connection to the statically weaker lateral surface is required for the outlet. The opening in the lateral surface required for the lateral connection additionally weakens the statics by interrupting the fiber winding. As a result, the area around this lateral opening is statically particularly sensitive to the application of pressure.
- the extinguishing agent tank consists of a plastic core, which is wrapped with a cover layer of CFRP, in order to save weight.
- the inlet and outlet are arranged exclusively opposite one another on the two end faces, which is described as being advantageous for the valve arrangement.
- a cylindrical composite gas-liquid pressure tank is known in which a filling tube connection is detachably arranged in the rounded transition from the end face to the cylindrical shell. Since a terminal mounted at this point would interfere with the winding process, this terminal is designed to be mounted after the winding process is complete.
- a cylindrical pressure vessel for storing liquid or gaseous media which relates to a plastic inner container with a support sleeve enclosing it and with an end fitting connection.
- This end fitting connection comprises an insert neck piece inserted into a recess of the inner container with a sealing seat for a fitting which can be arranged there.
- connection system for an end opening of a cylindrical CFRP pressure tank with an internal liner and an outer CFRP winding layer is known, with the liner having an annular indentation around the opening, which has a collar facing the opening towards the outside of the pressure tank and a spigot having a bore therethrough in the indentation is positioned so that the collar passes through the bore of the spigot, and a closure member overlies the collar and the spigot.
- a gasket is located inside the liner collar adjacent to the lid, bonded to the lid and applied to the inner collar surface. Outside of the liner collar is the collar, also adjacent to the lid Surrounding groove of the connecting piece arranged a prestressing device in order to be able to adapt the cover tightness to any pressure conditions.
- the purpose of sinking the insert element in the indentation is not to disturb the course of the boiler surface.
- the thickness of the wall increased by the insert serves to give the fitting arranged therein support and to seal against the escape of water. Sealing means going beyond this, in particular against pressure loss, are not mentioned. Since the device is primarily intended for heating water, a maximum pressure load of around 1 bar can be assumed, which is reached at 100 degrees Celsius. There are therefore no special requirements for pressure stability and pressure sealing.
- Such a connection device for the outlet of an extinguishing agent pressure tank is not suitable for receiving extinguishing agent under pressure conditions of 16 to 20 bar, including pressure peaks when applying propellant or during the extinguishing process.
- the object is therefore to provide a connection system for a cylindrical CFRP pressure tank of the aforementioned type which is also suitable for use under high pressures of at least 20 bar for an opening on the jacket side.
- liner should not be understood to be limited to plastic casings.
- liner should also include other materials that prove to be resistant to the tank filling and can be shaped accordingly.
- the geometry of the annular indentation and its collar corresponds to that of the reinforcement ring, with the collar forming the connection opening.
- the reinforcement ring lies in the annular indentation of the liner, which is flattened outwards corresponding to the flat rim of the reinforcement ring and is connected to it in the collar area so stably that the connection holds even under the action of force.
- the seal running around the underside of the reinforcing ring is pressed by the latter against the indentation and there completely seals the connection area in the surface underside.
- the closure means is connected to the reinforcing ring in the collar area by a non-positive fit and is thereby pressed with the collar area onto the seal running on the upper side of the reinforcing ring.
- compressive force acts on the tank wall, the surfaces between the reinforcement ring and the liner or closure element become merely shifted against each other, so that a seal arranged circumferentially between the surfaces is only exposed to a small amount of friction under pressure load.
- the sealing effect is fully guaranteed against any pressure peaks.
- the pressure load is optimally distributed by this flat sealing arrangement, which completely surrounds the opening, which at the same time counteracts material fatigue.
- the reinforcement ring is shaped and dimensioned with its flat tapering edge in such a way that, with partial overlapping by the CFRP wrapping layer in the edge area, it can adequately dissipate the much more critical compressive load in the area of a statically sensitive shell-side opening onto this CFRP layer.
- the decisive factor here is the ratio of the thickness of the wrapping layer to the dimension of the reinforcement ring. This force dissipation function makes it possible to arrange an opening in the shell area of a CFRP pressure tank while complying with safety regulations.
- the closure element which is only to be assembled in a later production step, is equipped with a functional means that corresponds to the function of the respective opening, such as outlet, filling, loading, maintenance or assembly.
- the functional means can provide bores for fittings, centering means for the internal piping or other functions.
- the closure element always serves as a detachable cover for closing the opening.
- the functional means can therefore also be designed purely as a closure surface, as is required for a so-called manhole, which is used for access for maintenance purposes in correspondingly large tanks. This design of the closure means allows flexibility of use that is independent of the manufacturing process, so that the functionality or even the way of use can still be changed after production and even after commissioning.
- connection system according to the invention allows not only the arrangement in the lateral surface and the flexible usability of a pressure tank, but also a simplification of production, because the later, functional design of the connections has no influence on the manufacturing process and the dimensioning of the openings in the tank.
- production can be carried out simply and uniformly, ie using the same tools and the same processes.
- the specific design of a pressure tank is only carried out after the actual production step by means of appropriate closures.
- the cross section of the outlet in the lateral surface be adjusted as required after production, depending on the required output rate of the extinguishing agent jet.
- a closure means equipped with loading connections can also serve as a removable cover, as is required for filling with extinguishing agent when arranged on the front side of an extinguishing agent tank. This eliminates the need for an additional opening, which facilitates manufacture, particularly in connection with the CFRP winding.
- the arrangement of further pipe connections per opening would also be possible in principle by exchanging them for another connection means correspondingly equipped with functional means.
- An advantageous further development provides for a closure element to be added, such that circumferential grooves for the arrangement of the seals are provided on the planar upper side and the planar underside of the reinforcing ring. This allows easier assembly and a more stable sealing effect, since the seals can be securely positioned through the groove.
- connection between the reinforcement ring and the indentation in the region of the collar is designed as a force fit, form fit and/or material bond.
- connection means such as fittings, arranged therein.
- the connection is expediently established by means of corresponding threads in the bore and connection means.
- the connection means can thus be preassembled in a simple manner in the closure means before this is attached to the tank opening.
- An advantageous embodiment provides volume compensation means that serve to fill the space between the reinforcement ring and the CFRP winding layer to be attached. In this way, interruptions in the surface can be avoided in the area of the openings, so that the CFRP winding can take place undisturbed on one level.
- This is particularly advantageous for the opening in the shell side, because there the indentation is advantageously designed deeper in order to compensate for the circular circumference of the cylinder in such a way that the reinforcement ring in the indentation is positioned completely lowered in relation to the liner wall. In this case, the reinforcing ring lies lower in the indentation in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder than in the circumferential direction. At the In the winding process, there would therefore be no uniform surface as the basis for the winding, which would disrupt the process and reduce the quality of the winding.
- the functional means comprises an anchoring means on the inside of the closure means for positioning an inner tube which can be brought into engagement with the inner tube.
- the pipe can be fixed in its required position in a simple manner by mounting the closure means.
- the arrangement of the anchoring means determines the position. If there are several inner tubes, both tubes may have been previously connected to each other. Then this connected tube is also fixed at the same time.
- the fixation is expedient in order to counteract pressure peaks acting on the inner piping, such as when pressurized. In the case of extinguishing agent tanks, this is also the case during the extinguishing process. This is easiest with a centrally arranged inner tube.
- the anchoring means must also be arranged centrally on the closure means, which simplifies assembly.
- this can be inserted at least partially in a form-fitting manner into the opening of the pipe.
- This can advantageously be brought about by a plurality of ribs which are arranged radially symmetrically.
- closure element has a cylindrical area on the inside, the outer diameter of which corresponds at most to the inner diameter of the at least one opening.
- the purpose of this cylindrical area is to be inserted into the respective opening during assembly of the closure element.
- the closure element is thus automatically positioned in a central position. Furthermore, the engagement of the cylindrical element in the opening stabilizes the position of the closure element, which increases the sealing effect.
- a standardized liner is produced with the at least one required opening and a corresponding indentation including a collar.
- the reinforcement ring for each opening is then arranged in the respective indentation and connected to it.
- the winding with the CFRP fibers takes place. In doing so, it must be ensured that the winding layer sufficiently overlaps the reinforcing ring underneath so that the pressure load can be transferred to the CFRP layer.
- a closure element equipped with the required functional means must be arranged for each opening.
- connection system it is easily possible to change the arrangement again later. All that is required for this is to replace the riser in the closure means on the jacket side with a riser of matching length, exchange the closure elements on the face side and fasten feet on the other face side.
- the closure means are expediently already stocked with connection means, which speeds up production.
- step b) a volume compensation ring according to claim 6 is arranged in a step b1). This simplifies the subsequent winding step and improves the quality of the result.
- An expedient embodiment of the method provides that in step d2) in a first, additional partial step, an admission pipe is arranged on the riser by means of a connecting means and that step d3) takes place by connecting the admission pipe to a connection means in the closure means.
- a powder extinguishing tank becomes manufacturable.
- the admission tube can easily be attached to the riser tube that has already been installed through the second opening on the end face.
- the subsequent connection to the connection means in the closure means of the first end opening is expediently effected by a suitable adapter which ensures both secure connection and easy release.
- the task is also to provide a CFRP pressure tank.
- a pressure tank which has a connection system according to one of Claims 1 to 12 and can be obtained by a method according to Claims 12 to 15.
- Such a pressure tank can be used in many ways, wherever a weight saving is advantageous for a pressure tank is, such as an extinguishing agent tank. But the tank is also well suited for other uses. For example, it can also serve as a store for fluids, such as compressed air, which is used to operate machines. In this case, it is only filled with compressed air, which can be discharged as required.
- the tank according to the invention meets the necessary safety regulations with a lower empty weight.
- the manufacturing process can be carried out according to a standardized method, despite different design options in the connection details.
- Such a tank is lighter than steel or stainless steel tanks and is therefore easier to handle, which has a positive effect when using any size, especially for extinguishing agent tanks. If a tank manufactured in this way is provided with an opening on the jacket side with a closure means according to claim 4 and a bore and a first front opening with a closure means according to claim 4 with two bores and a second front opening with a closure means according to claim 7, an extinguishing agent tank is obtained which can be used in a safety-compliant and weight-optimized manner.
- FIG. 1 shows as an exemplary embodiment a perspective view of a cylindrical CFRP pressure tank 1 according to the invention with its two dome-shaped end faces 1a and the lateral surface 1b using the example of an extinguishing agent tank.
- the CFRP pressure tank 1 has a CFRP wrapping 100 and stands on feet 30 which are arranged on the bottom face 1a.
- Two fittings 12 arranged from the outside can be seen therein, which serve as connection means.
- the shell-side opening 4 is arranged decentrally in relation to the tank height and is closer to the upper end face.
- the ratio can still be freely selected until the elements of the connection systems are mounted on the tank openings 3, 3', 4 the lateral connection is to be positioned in relation to the tank height. Even after they have been installed, the closure means can still be exchanged for those with other functional means 11, 13, including those with a pure cover function.
- the attachment of the end closure means 80 with the two fittings 12 determines the top and bottom of the relevant CFRP pressure tank 1. To fill with extinguishing agent, the closure means 80 can be removed from the first front opening 3 and then reattached. Of the two fittings 12 arranged in the closure means 80, one is used for the connection for charging the inner liner 2 with propellant and the other for the connection of a pressure relief and safety valve.
- FIG. 2 shows the liner 2 according to the invention with its indentations 20 and the collar 21 surrounding the openings 3, 4 before the connection to the reinforcement ring 5 and the wrapping with a CFRP layer 100 and the attachment of the feet 30.
- the indentations 20 correspond to the reinforcement rings 5 shaped and sized.
- the lower, second end-side opening 3' is located opposite the upper, first end-side opening 3 and is not visible here.
- FIG. 3 shows the cross-section CFRP pressure tank 1 of the embodiment figure 1 .
- the inner liner 2 is surrounded by the CFRP winding layer 100 .
- the feet 30 define the lower, floor-side end face 1a.
- the second end-side opening 3 ′ lying underneath, which is closed by the closure element 800 can also be seen there.
- This carries a centrally arranged anchoring means 13, which is designed here so that it engages in the opening of the riser 15 and thereby anchored in a central position.
- the opening areas on the upper end face 1a and the casing side 1b are identified as sections A1 and A2 and are explained in more detail using the following enlarged figures 4a and 4b.
- Figure 4a shows section A1 3 in enlarged cross section.
- the liner 2 is shown in the area of the upper front-side indentation 20, which with the collar 21 opens the first front-side opening 3 (see FIG 2 and 3 ) Are defined.
- the reinforcing ring 5 is arranged in the indentation 20 and connected to the collar 21 via a threaded connection 22, 5d.
- the closure means 80 is arranged on the opening 3 and is connected to the reinforcement ring 5 by means of fastening means 8c.
- the closure element 80 here has a cylindrical region 10 on the inside 8b, which lies within the collar 21.
- the closure element 80 also has two through bores 11 (please refer Figure 5a ), in each of which a fitting 12 is arranged up to a stop 12a on the outside 8a and on the inside 8b. O-rings 12b on the fittings 12 provide a seal between the fittings 12 and the tubing connected therein.
- the closure means 80 is connected in its collar area 9 to the reinforcement ring 5 by fastening means 8c.
- Seals 7 run on the planar upper side 5a and the planar underside 5b of the reinforcing ring 5 in a groove 6 (see FIG Figure 6a ) around the area of the opening 3.
- the CFRP winding layer 100 overlaps the reinforcing ring 5 in the area of its flat, tapering edge 5f to such an extent that the pressure load acting on the opening area can be sufficiently dissipated onto this CFRP layer 100 .
- This overhead, first end-side opening 3 is functionally designed for loading the CFRP pressure tank 1 with extinguishing agent.
- the closure element 80 can be detached from its connection with the reinforcing ring 5 and then connected to it again.
- the propellant is applied via a connection on the fitting 12 shown here on the left, to which an application tube 16 is connected here, from which, because of its deflection 16a leading out of the viewing plane (see 13, 13b ) only the approach is shown.
- the application tube 16 is required if powder is used as the extinguishing agent to loosen the powder charge, otherwise the application takes place directly via the fitting 12 shown on the left.
- the fitting 12 shown on the right serves as a connection for a pressure relief and safety valve.
- the Figure 4b shows section A2 of 3 with shell-side opening 4.
- the reinforcement ring 5 is arranged in the indentation 20 and is also connected here to the collar 21 of the indentation 20 by a threaded connection 22, 5d.
- the grooves 6 in the reinforcing ring 5 are without seals 7 (see Fig Figure 4a ) shown.
- the indentation 20 is deeper here than that on the end faces 1a, so that despite the curvature of the lateral surface 1b (see 1 , 2 )
- the reinforcing ring 5 arranged in the indentation 20 does not protrude over the tank wall.
- This spacing creates a space between the upper side 5a of the reinforcement ring 5 and the CFRP layer 100, which is filled with a volume compensation ring 17 (see also Figures 11a, 11b ) is filled in corresponding to the rounding of the tank circumference. This serves to serve as a contact surface corresponding to the course of the liner 2 in the winding process for the CFRP layer 100 .
- the volume compensation ring 17 encloses the collar area 9 of the closure means 8.
- the CFRP winding layer 100 overlaps the reinforcing ring 5 in the area of the volume compensation ring 17 and ends with the collar area 9 of the closure means 8.
- the arrangement of the opening 4 on the jacket side in relation to the end face 1a is also relevant for the pressure load dissipation through the reinforcing ring 5 .
- the shell-side closure means 8 has a through hole 11 (see Figure 9a ) for arranging fittings 12, on the outside of which the outlet for the extinguishing agent (not shown) can be connected and the riser pipe 15 can be connected to the inside.
- a closure means 8 with a corresponding fitting 12 can be used without requiring a different geometry of the liner 2 or the opening 4 on the jacket side.
- Figures 5a and 5b show an embodiment of a front closure means 80.
- Figure 5a shows a schematic cross section.
- the collar area 9 has fastening openings 8d, by means of which the closure means 80 can be connected to a reinforcement ring 5 fastened in the indentation 20.
- the bores 11 are used to arrange fittings 12 (see previous figure).
- the holes 11 can be equipped with appropriate threads that correspond to the holes in the fittings 12 .
- Figure 5b shows the closure means 80 in a perspective plan view of the upper side 8a, on which the bores 11 and the fastening openings 8d can be seen.
- Figures 6a and 6b show an embodiment of a reinforcing ring 5 for end-side indentations 20 in an arrangement for the overhead, first end-side opening 3 (see Figure 4a ), corresponding to the Figures 5a and 5b .
- the internal thread 5d can be seen in the continuous bore 5c. This internal thread 5d is used to connect to a corresponding external thread 22 of the collar (see Figure 4a ).
- blind holes 5e in the top 5a are used to connect to the closure means 80 (see Fig. 5a, b ).
- Ring-shaped grooves 6 on the upper side 5a and the lower side 5b are used for the arrangement of seals 7 (see Figure 4a ).
- the reinforcement ring 5 is tapered towards the outer circumference both on the upper side 5a and the lower side 5b in its edge region 5f.
- the taper on the underside 5b corresponds to the geometry of the indentation 20, the taper on the top 5a is used for geometric adjustment to the curvature of the liner.
- Figure 6b represents the same elements in a top perspective view.
- FIG. 7 shows the exemplary embodiment for the front reinforcement ring 5 (corresponding to Figure 6a ), in the inverted arrangement required for the bottom-facing, second end-side opening 3', corresponding to the following Figures 8a to 8c .
- FIGs 8a, 8b and 8c show schematically an embodiment of a closure means 800 for the bottom-facing, second end-side opening 3 '.
- An admission tube 16 (see FIG 13a, 13b ), as required for a dry powder extinguishing tank, can be mounted by using the connecting element 24 (see 12 ) is connected to the riser 15 that has already been installed.
- the admission tube 16 is then later connected by means of an adapter to the connection means 12 on the closure means 80 of the first end opening. With this second end opening 3', no connection to the outside is required.
- the functional closure means 800 therefore has no bore 11 (as in the embodiment in Figure 5a , 9a ) on.
- the functional closure means 800 only has to securely close this opening 3'.
- Cantilever element 9 with fastening openings 8d is also used here for connection to a mounted reinforcing ring 5.
- An anchoring means 13, as shown in FIG Figure 8b is shown separately in a perspective view of an embodiment, be arranged.
- the anchoring means 13 has four radially symmetrical ribs 14 which taper radially symmetrically 14a and can thereby engage in the pipe end.
- the anchoring means 13 shown separately here is arranged on the inside 8b of the closure element 800 .
- the closure means 800 can be arranged with the appropriately designed and dimensioned anchoring means 13 in such a way that the taper 14a projects into the end of the riser 15 in a form-fitting manner.
- the riser can be 15 be positioned centrally and fixed in this position even in the case of pressure load peaks, so that it can also be used to fix a parallel impingement pipe.
- Figures 9a and 9b show an embodiment of the closure means 8 of the shell-side opening 4 in the corresponding arrangement.
- the closure means 8 is shown schematically in cross section.
- the closure means has a collar area 9 with fastening openings 8d and a cylindrical area 10 on the inside 8b.
- the closure means 8 is opposite the closure means 80 from Figure 5a only one continuous bore 11, which serves to arrange fittings 12 (not shown) for the outlet of the extinguishing agent.
- the cross section of the bore 11 can be selected individually to match the cross section of the required outlet line.
- Figure 9b represents the closure means 8 in perspective from the outside.
- Figures 10a and 10b show an embodiment of a reinforcing ring 5 for the shell-side opening 4 in a corresponding arrangement.
- the edge 5f here tapers towards the circumference only on the underside 5b.
- the reinforcement ring 5 for the shell-side opening 4 is advantageously located in a deeper indentation 20 in order not to disturb the course of the circumferential curvature of the tank surface.
- 10 shows the reinforcement ring 5 in perspective with a view of the top 5a.
- Figures 11a and 11b show the volume compensation ring 17 in one Figure 4b and the Figures 9a, 9b and 10a, 10b corresponding arrangement.
- the volume compensation ring 17 is used to fill the space between the reinforcement ring 5 and the circumference of the liner (see also Figure 4b ) to fill out.
- Figure 11a shows the ring 17 in cross-section with an outer side 17a and an inner side 17b. In an imaginary arrangement in the pressure tank 1, the section runs along the vertical.
- the ring 17 has a taper 17c on the outside 17a. In the perspective view of Figure 11b both tapers 17c are visible.
- the volume compensation ring 13 is to be designed and dimensioned in such a way that, after assembly, the outside 17a coincides with the course of the liner in the lateral surface 1b (see 2 ) flees.
- the volume compensation ring 17 is thus designed in such a way that it ensures a uniformly running contact surface for the CFRP winding 100 that extends as far as the closure means 8 .
- the 12 shows a base 30.
- This has a base 31, which can be placed flat on the base and can be firmly connected to it by means of suitable fastening means through the fastening opening 32.
- the receiving surface 33 is used for receiving and connecting to the pressure tank 1.
- it is formed by correspondingly arranged partial surfaces 34, which are arranged essentially tangentially to the tank geometry to be received, which allows simple production.
- the connection can be made in particular by gluing, with the adhesive being able to easily compensate for the gap dimensions that are still present.
- the geometry and dimensioning of the feet 30 and their arrangement on the pressure tank 1 must be dimensioned and designed in such a way that a secure connection of the filled pressure tank 1 to a mobile base is guaranteed, even in the case of strong centrifugal forces acting during deployment trips.
- the Figures 13a and 13b show an exemplary embodiment of the internal piping for a powder extinguishing agent tank from two different perspectives, together with the elements of the connection system on the end faces 1a and the shell side 1b, which have been described in detail above.
- the application tube 16 is also shown. The course of this is aligned by means of a deflection 16a in such a way that it runs in the immediate vicinity of the centrally arranged riser tube 15. This allows the admission pipe 16 to be connected to the riser pipe 15, which is securely fixed by being anchored to the anchoring means 13, so that the admission pipe 16 is also securely positioned against the pressure forces prevailing during admission.
- the connecting means 24 (only in 13a shown schematically) through the second end opening 3 '(see 3 ) to be attached.
- the connecting means 24 can be a tab, a ring, a connected double ring, a guide or the like. It is expediently designed or fitted in such a way that when the closure means 80 together with the loading pipe 16 is removed for filling with extinguishing agent and the loading pipe 16 is thus pulled a little out of its position, it remains engaged with the connecting means 24 .
- the insufflation tube 16 must then be disconnected from the fitting 12 for complete removal of the closure means 80.
- a suitable adapter is expediently used, which is not shown in detail here.
- connection between the indentation 20 and the reinforcing ring 5 is shown in the exemplary embodiment by a threaded connection between the collar 21 and the bore 5c.
- Other connection options are also conceivable, such as a press fit or gluing.
- the decisive factor is that a sufficient connection is established between the liner 2 and the reinforcement ring 5, which functionally interacts with the fastening of the closing element 8, 80, 800 on the reinforcement ring 5 and with the reinforcement provided by the CFRP winding.
- the anchoring means 13 can also be configured differently than shown here. It can either have more or fewer ribs 14 or be formed by other geometries. It can also be designed in such a way that the pipe 15, 16 to be anchored engages in the anchoring means 13. The only decisive factor is that the anchoring means 13 and the tube 15, 16 to be fixed engage in one another.
- the reinforcement ring is preferably made of steel. But other materials are also conceivable. It is only decisive that sufficient stability is guaranteed for the force dissipation.
- the geometry and configuration of the feet 30 can also deviate from the illustrated embodiment.
- a secure connection with the standing or transport base and the connection with the pressure tank 1 is decisive.
- the receiving surface 32 can also be designed in one piece or have differently designed sub-elements.
- the connection can be made not only by gluing, but also by screwing, for example, or by fixing the feet 30 to the tank wall by the CFRP winding layer 100 .
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Abstract
Anschlußsystem für eine Öffnung (3, 3', 4) in einem zylinderförmigen Drucktank (1) mit einem innenliegenden Liner (2) und einer CFK-Wicklungsschicht (100), wobei der Liner (2) mindestens eine Öffnung (3, 3', 4) und um die Öffnung (3, 3', 4) herum eine ringförmige Einbuchtung (20) aufweist,umfassend:- einen Verstärkungsring (5) mit einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite (5a), einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite (5b), einer durchgehenden Bohrung (5c) und einem zum Außenumfang hin flach auslaufenden Rand (5f), wobei der Verstärkungsring (5) in der korrespondierend geformten Einbuchtung (20) so anordenbar ist, daß der Kragen (21) in dessen Bohrung (5c) liegt und bündig mit der Oberseite (5a) abschließt,- eine Verbindung des Verstärkungsrings (5) mit der Einbuchtung (20) im Bereich des Kragens (21),- Verschlußmittel (8, 80, 800) zur Anordnung auf der mindestens einen Öffnung (3, 3', 4) mit einer Außenseite (8a), einer Innenseite (8b) und einem Kragbereich (9), wobei der Kragbereich (9) im montierten Zustand den Verstärkungsring (5) überlappt und mit ihm kraftschlüssig verbindbar ist und wobei das Verschlußmittel (8, 80, 800) Funktionsmittel (11, 13) aufweist,- Dichtungen (7), die auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite (5a) und auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite (5b) des Verstärkungsrings (5) umlaufend anordenbar sind, so daß im montierten Zustand Öffnung (3, 3', 4) sowohl zwischen dem Liner (1) und dem Verstärkungsring als auch zwischen Verstärkungsring (5) und Verschlußmittel (8, 80, 800) abgedichtet ist,wobei der Verstärkungsring (5) mit seinem flach auslaufenden Rand (5f) so dimensioniert ist, daß er die auf die Öffnung (3, 3', 4) wirkenden Druckkraft eines unter Druck stehenden Drucktanks (1) auf die ihn im Randbereich (5f) überlappende CFK-Wicklungsschicht (100) ableiten kann.Connection system for an opening (3, 3', 4) in a cylindrical pressure tank (1) with an internal liner (2) and a CFRP winding layer (100), the liner (2) having at least one opening (3, 3', 4) and around the opening (3, 3', 4) an annular indentation (20), comprising: - a reinforcing ring (5) with a planar top (5a), a planar underside (5b), a continuous bore (5c) and an edge (5f) tapering flat towards the outer circumference, the reinforcing ring (5) being able to be arranged in the correspondingly shaped indentation (20) in such a way that the collar (21) lies in its bore (5c) and is flush with the the upper side (5a),- a connection of the reinforcing ring (5) with the indentation (20) in the area of the collar (21),- closure means (8, 80, 800) for arrangement on the at least one opening (3, 3' , 4) with an outer side (8a), an inner side (8b) and a collar area (9), wherein the collar area h (9) overlaps the reinforcement ring (5) in the assembled state and can be connected to it in a non-positive manner and the closure means (8, 80, 800) has functional means (11, 13), seals (7) which are on the planar top side (5a) and can be arranged circumferentially on the planar underside (5b) of the reinforcement ring (5), so that in the assembled state there is an opening (3, 3', 4) both between the liner (1) and the reinforcement ring and between the reinforcement ring ( 5) and closure means (8, 80, 800) is sealed, the reinforcing ring (5) with its flat tapering edge (5f) being dimensioned in such a way that it withstands the compressive force acting on the opening (3, 3', 4) under Pressurized pressure tanks (1) to the CFRP winding layer (100) overlapping it in the edge area (5f).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Anschlußsystem für einen CFK-Drucktank, insbesondere geeignet für Feuerlöschanlagen, einen CFK-Drucktank und ein Herstellverfahren hierfür.The invention relates to a connection system for a CFRP pressure tank, particularly suitable for fire extinguishing systems, a CFRP pressure tank and a manufacturing method for this.
Von Feuerlöschanlagen spricht man ab einer Löschmittelmenge von 250 Kilogramm (kg) bzw. 250 Litern. Bei kleineren Löschmittelmengen spricht man von Feuerlöschgeräten, die als tragbare Handgeräte oder von Hand auf Rollen fahrbar ausgebildet sein können. Handfeuerlöschgeräte wie auch fahrbare Löschgeräte bis 50 kg haben üblicherweise nur einen Anschluß, über den beladen und das Löschmittel ausgebracht wird. Dieser befindet sich an einer statisch unproblematischen Stirnseite, die bei der üblichen aufrechten Handhabung des Tanks eine bequeme Ausrichtung des Schlauchs beim Einsatz erlaubt. Die größeren Feuerlöschanlagen können mobil oder auch stationär eingerichtet sein. Stationäre Feuerlöschanlagen gibt es beispielsweise als feste Fahrzeugauf- oder Fahrzeugeinbauten, aber auch auf Schiffen, in Zügen, Gebäuden, Hallen oder Industrieanlagen.One speaks of fire extinguishing systems from a quantity of extinguishing agent of 250 kilograms (kg) or 250 liters. For smaller amounts of extinguishing agent, one speaks of fire extinguishers, which can be designed as portable hand-held devices or can be moved by hand on rollers. Hand-held fire extinguishers as well as mobile fire extinguishers up to 50 kg usually have only one connection through which loading and the extinguishing agent is applied. This is located on a statically unproblematic front side, which allows the hose to be easily aligned during use when the tank is usually handled upright. The larger fire extinguishing systems can be mobile or stationary. Stationary fire extinguishing systems are available, for example, as fixed vehicle superstructures or vehicle installations, but also on ships, in trains, buildings, halls or industrial plants.
Feuerlöschanlagen, die unter Dauerdruck stehen, das heißt, ständig einsatzbereit sind und dabei Drücken von 30 bar Betriebsdruck ausgesetzt sind, können nicht zu einhundert Prozent dicht gehalten werden und müssen deshalb immer wieder nachgeladen werden. Alternativ gibt es Systeme, bei denen das Treibmittel erst direkt vor dem Einsatz in den Löschmitteltank geladen wird. Als Löschmittel können neben Wasser auch Schaum oder Pulver dienen. Als Treibmittel werden Stickstoff oder getrocknete Atemluft verwendet. Solche aufladbaren Systeme stehen im aufgeladenen Zustand unter Drücken von bis zu 20 bar. Die Befüllung mit Löschmittel erfolgt üblicherweise über eine mit Deckel verschließbare Öffnung an der obenliegenden Stirnseite. Der Abgang zur Ausbringung des Löschmittels wird üblicherweise mit einem Kugelhahn ausgestattet, der, je nach Situation, pneumatisch per Fernsteuerung oder auch manuell direkt am Hahn bedient werden kann. Um eine manuelle Handhabung zu erleichtern, wird der Anschluß für den Abhang daher in der Regel in der Mantelfläche angeordnet. Ein weiterer Anschluß wird für die Beaufschlagung mit Treibmittel benötigt, der sich üblicherweise ebenfalls in der Mantelfläche befindet. Bei größeren Tanks können weitere Öffnungen vorgesehen sein, wie beispielsweise sogenannte Mannlöcher, durch die eine Person in das Innere eines Tanks gelangen kann, um Wartungsarbeiten von innen auszuführen.Fire extinguishing systems that are under constant pressure, i.e. are constantly ready for use and are exposed to an operating pressure of 30 bar, cannot be kept 100% leak-proof and therefore have to be recharged again and again. Alternatively, there are systems in which the propellant is only loaded into the extinguishing agent tank directly before use. In addition to water, foam or powder can also be used as an extinguishing agent. Nitrogen or dried breathing air are used as propellants. When charged, such chargeable systems are under pressures of up to 20 bar. The extinguishing agent is usually filled via an opening that can be closed with a lid on the upper front side. The outlet for discharging the extinguishing agent is usually equipped with a ball valve, which, depending on the situation, can be operated pneumatically by remote control or manually directly on the valve. In order to facilitate manual handling, the connection for the slope is therefore usually arranged in the lateral surface. Another connection is required for the application of propellant, which is usually also located in the lateral surface. In the case of larger tanks, further openings can be provided, such as so-called manholes, through which a person can get inside a tank to carry out maintenance work from the inside.
Bei Löschmittelverwendung auf Wasser- oder Schaumbasis muß das Tankmaterial beständig gegen Korrosion und Additive sein, weshalb hierfür üblicherweise Edelstahl verwendet wird. Diese zylindrisch geformten Löschmitteltanks aus Stahl können den auftretenden Drücken gut standhalten. Ein großer Nachteil der Stahlverwendung ist aber das Gewicht. Ein Stahl- oder Edelstahltank für Löschmittelmengen von 250 kg oder Liter wiegt leer bereits ca. 130 kg. Das erschwert zum einen die Handhabung mobiler Anlagen, erhöht aber auch die Achslast und damit das Gesamtgewicht von Fahrzeugen. Da ab einer bestimmten Gewichtsgrenze für Anhänger bestimmte zusätzliche technische Funktionen erforderlich werden, wie beispielsweise eine Auffahrbremse, sind druck- und löschmittelstabile Tanks aus leichterem Material wünschenswert. Bekannt sind Composite-Drucktanks für Fluide mit Anschlüssen an den Stirnseiten, die einen innenliegenden Liner, beispielsweise eine Kunststoffhülle, zur Aufnahme des Fluids aufweisen und einer den Liner umgebende Wickelung aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen, die den Liner gegen die Drucklast schützt. Da es dabei darauf ankommt, daß die Wicklung in der richtigen Stärke, Ausrichtung und Qualität erfolgt, ist hierfür eine genaue Drucklastberechnung und ein danach ausgerichtetes Wickelverfahren mit den laminierten Fasern erforderlich. Je nach Herstellverfahren könnten weitere Schritte erforderlich sein, wie die Entfernung von Luftbläschen durch Vakuum.When using water- or foam-based extinguishing agents, the tank material must be resistant to corrosion and additives, which is why stainless steel is usually used for this purpose. These cylindrically shaped extinguishing agent tanks made of steel can withstand the pressures that occur. A big disadvantage of using steel is the weight. A steel or stainless steel tank for extinguishing agent quantities of 250 kg or liters already weighs approx. 130 kg when empty. On the one hand, this makes the handling of mobile systems more difficult, but it also increases the axle load and thus the total weight of vehicles. Since certain additional technical functions are required for trailers above a certain weight limit, such as an overrun brake, tanks made of lighter material that are resistant to pressure and extinguishing agent are desirable. Composite pressure tanks for fluids are known with connections on the end faces, which have an internal liner, for example a plastic shell, for receiving the fluid and a winding made of fiber composite materials surrounding the liner, which protects the liner against the pressure load. Since it is important that the winding is of the correct thickness, orientation and quality, this requires an exact calculation of the compressive load and a corresponding winding process with the laminated fibers. Depending on the manufacturing process, additional steps may be required, such as removing air bubbles with a vacuum.
Das Wickelverfahren ist aufwendig und teuer. Es wurde unter anderem für Wasserstofftanks in der Kfz-Technik mit Betriebsdrücken von bis zu 700 bar entwickelt, die mit einem stirnseitigen Anschluß, also im statisch unproblematischen Bereich des Tanks, auskommen. Aber auch für die kleineren Feuerlöschgeräte ist die Verwendung von CFK bereits im Einsatz, da bei diesen Kleingeräten mit ebenfalls nur stirnseitigen Anschlüssen der CFK-Einsatz unproblematisch ist. Bei den größeren Löschanlagen dagegen wird für den Abgang ein Anschluß an der statisch schwächeren Mantelfläche benötigt. Die für den seitlichen Anschluß erforderliche Öffnung in der Mantelfläche schwächt die Statik zusätzlich durch die Unterbrechung der Faserwicklung. Dadurch ist der Bereich um diese seitliche Öffnung herum gegenüber Druckbeaufschlagung statisch besonders empfindlich. Das ist bereits in geladenem Zustand des Tanks wegen des Dauerdrucks kritisch. Andere kritische Zeitpunkte gibt es beim Beaufschlagungsvorgang mit Treibmittel wegen seiner Belastungsspitzen, aber auch beim Löscheinsatz, wenn der Tank schon weitgehend entleert ist, denn ab einer geringen Restmenge können starke Druckschwankungen entstehen. Deshalb ist der Einsatz von CFK-Tanks für Löschanlagen problematisch, weil dann ein Anschluß im Mantelbereich benötigt wird.The winding process is complex and expensive. It was developed, among other things, for hydrogen tanks in automotive engineering with operating pressures of up to 700 bar, which require a connection at the front, i.e. in the statically unproblematic area of the tank. But CFRP is also already being used for smaller fire extinguishers, since CFRP use is not a problem for these small devices, which also only have connections on the front. In the larger extinguishing systems, on the other hand, a connection to the statically weaker lateral surface is required for the outlet. The opening in the lateral surface required for the lateral connection additionally weakens the statics by interrupting the fiber winding. As a result, the area around this lateral opening is statically particularly sensitive to the application of pressure. This is critical even when the tank is loaded because of the constant pressure. There are other critical points in time when the propellant is applied because of its load peaks, but also during firefighting, when the tank is already largely empty, because from a small residual amount can cause strong pressure fluctuations. This is why the use of CFRP tanks for extinguishing systems is problematic because a connection is then required in the shell area.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Allen vorgenannten Offenbarungen ist gemein, daß sie keinen Anschluß im Mantelbereich offenbaren und für das damit verbundene Problem der Wandstatik in der Mantelfläche eines zylinderförmigen Composite-Drucktanks keinerlei Lösung anbieten.What all of the above disclosures have in common is that they do not disclose any connection in the shell area and do not offer any solution for the associated problem of wall statics in the shell surface of a cylindrical composite pressure tank.
Aus der
Aufgabe ist daher, ein Anschlußsystem für einen zylinderförmigen CFK-Drucktank der vorgenannten Art bereitzustellen, das sich zum Einsatz unter hohen Drücken von mindestens 20 bar auch für eine mantelseitige Öffnung eignet.The object is therefore to provide a connection system for a cylindrical CFRP pressure tank of the aforementioned type which is also suitable for use under high pressures of at least 20 bar for an opening on the jacket side.
Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Einbuchtung um die Öffnung herum einen zur Außenseite des Drucktanks gerichteten Kragen aufweist, und es ferner umfaßt:
- einen Verstärkungsring mit einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite, einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite, einer durchgehenden Bohrung und einem zum Außenumfang hin flach auslaufenden Rand, wobei der Verstärkungsring in der korrespondierend geformten Einbuchtung so anordenbar ist, daß der Kragen in dessen Bohrung liegt und bündig mit der Oberseite abschließt,
- eine Verbindung des Verstärkungsrings mit der Einbuchtung im Bereich des Kragens,
- Verschlußmittel zur Anordnung auf der mindestens einen Öffnung mit einer Außenseite, einer Innenseite und einem Kragbereich, wobei der Kragbereich im montierten Zustand den Verstärkungsring überlappt und mit ihm kraftschlüssig verbindbar ist und wobei das Verschlußmittel Funktionsmittel aufweist,
- Dichtungen, die auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite und auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite des Verstärkungsrings umlaufend anordenbar sind, so daß im montierten Zustand die Öffnung sowohl zwischen dem Liner und dem Verstärkungsring als auch zwischen Verstärkungsring und Verschlußmittel abgedichtet ist,
- a reinforcement ring with a planar upper side, a planar underside, a continuous bore and an edge that tapers flat towards the outer circumference, wherein the reinforcement ring can be arranged in the correspondingly shaped indentation in such a way that the collar lies in its bore and is flush with the upper side ,
- a connection of the reinforcement ring with the indentation in the area of the collar,
- Closing means for arrangement on the at least one opening with an outside, an inside and a collar area, wherein the collar area overlaps the reinforcement ring in the assembled state and can be connected to it in a non-positive manner, and wherein the closing means has functional means,
- Seals that can be arranged circumferentially on the planar upper side and on the planar underside of the reinforcement ring, so that in the assembled state the opening is sealed both between the liner and the reinforcement ring and between the reinforcement ring and the closure means,
Dabei soll der Begriff Liner nicht auf Kunststoffhüllen beschränkt verstanden werden. Auch andere Materialien, die sich als beständig gegen die Tankfüllung zeigen und entsprechend geformt werden können, sollen von dem Begriff Liner umfaßt sein.The term liner should not be understood to be limited to plastic casings. The term liner should also include other materials that prove to be resistant to the tank filling and can be shaped accordingly.
Die Geometrie der ringförmigen Einbuchtung und ihres Kragens korrespondiert mit der des Verstärkungsrings, wobei der Kragen die Anschlußöffnung bildet. Im montierten Zustand liegt der Verstärkungsring in der ringförmigen Einbuchtung des Liners, die korrespondierend zum flach auslaufenden Rand des Verstärkungsrings nach außen abgeflacht ist und mit dieser im Kragenbereich so stabil verbunden ist, daß die Verbindung auch unter Krafteinwirkung hält. Durch diese Verbindung wird die auf der Unterseite des Verstärkungsrings umlaufende Dichtung von diesem gegen die Einbuchtung gedrückt und dichtet dort unterseitig den Anschlußbereich in der Fläche vollumfänglich ab. Im montierten Zustand ist das Verschlußmittel im Kragbereich durch Kraftschluß mit dem Verstärkungsring verbunden und wird dadurch mit dem Kragbereich auf die auf der Oberseite des Verstärkungsrings verlaufende Dichtung gepreßt. Beim Einwirken von Druckkraft auf die Tankwand werden die Flächen zwischen Verstärkungsring und Liner beziehungsweise Abschlußelement lediglich gegeneinander verschoben, so daß eine dort zwischen den Oberflächen umlaufend angeordnete Dichtung bei Drucklast lediglich einer geringen Reibung ausgesetzt wird. Die Dichtwirkung ist dabei gegen jegliche Druckspitzen vollständig gewährleistet. Darüber hinaus wird durch diese flächige, die Öffnung vollständig umgebende Dichtungsanordnung die Drucklast optimal verteilt, was gleichzeitig einer Materialermüdung entgegenwirkt. Der Verstärkungsring ist dazu mit seinem flach auslaufenden Rand so geformt und dimensioniert, daß er bei teilweiser Überlappung durch die CFK-Umwicklungsschicht im Randbereich insbesondere die im Bereich einer statisch empfindlicheren mantelseitigen Öffnung sehr viel kritischere Drucklast ausreichend auf diese CFK-Schicht ableiten kann. Entscheidend ist dabei das Verhältnis der Stärke der Umwicklungsschicht zur Dimension des Verstärkungsrings. Durch diese Kraftableitungsfunktion wird die Anordnung einer Öffnung im Mantelbereich eines CFK-Drucktanks unter Einhaltung der Sicherheitsvorschriften ermöglicht.The geometry of the annular indentation and its collar corresponds to that of the reinforcement ring, with the collar forming the connection opening. When assembled, the reinforcement ring lies in the annular indentation of the liner, which is flattened outwards corresponding to the flat rim of the reinforcement ring and is connected to it in the collar area so stably that the connection holds even under the action of force. Through this connection, the seal running around the underside of the reinforcing ring is pressed by the latter against the indentation and there completely seals the connection area in the surface underside. In the installed state, the closure means is connected to the reinforcing ring in the collar area by a non-positive fit and is thereby pressed with the collar area onto the seal running on the upper side of the reinforcing ring. When compressive force acts on the tank wall, the surfaces between the reinforcement ring and the liner or closure element become merely shifted against each other, so that a seal arranged circumferentially between the surfaces is only exposed to a small amount of friction under pressure load. The sealing effect is fully guaranteed against any pressure peaks. In addition, the pressure load is optimally distributed by this flat sealing arrangement, which completely surrounds the opening, which at the same time counteracts material fatigue. For this purpose, the reinforcement ring is shaped and dimensioned with its flat tapering edge in such a way that, with partial overlapping by the CFRP wrapping layer in the edge area, it can adequately dissipate the much more critical compressive load in the area of a statically sensitive shell-side opening onto this CFRP layer. The decisive factor here is the ratio of the thickness of the wrapping layer to the dimension of the reinforcement ring. This force dissipation function makes it possible to arrange an opening in the shell area of a CFRP pressure tank while complying with safety regulations.
Das erst in einem späteren Fertigungsschritt zu montierende Verschlußelement ist mit einem Funktionsmittel ausgestattet, das mit der Funktion der jeweiligen Öffnung, wie Abgang, Befüllen, Beaufschlagen, Wartung oder Montage korrespondiert. Das Funktionsmittel kann Bohrungen für Fittings, Zentriermittel für die Innenverrohrung oder sonstige Funktionen bereitstellen. Gleichzeitig dient das Verschlußelement immer auch als lösbarer Deckel für den Verschluß der Öffnung. Das Funktionsmittel kann daher auch als reine Verschlußfläche ausgebildet sein, wie sie für ein sogenanntes Mannloch benötigt wird, das bei entsprechend großen Tanks dem Zugang zu Wartungszwecken dient. Diese Ausgestaltung des Verschlußmittels erlaubt eine Flexibilität der Nutzung, die unabhängig von dem Fertigungsprozeß ist, so daß die Funktionalität oder gar die Nutzungsweise auch noch nach der Produktion und sogar nach Inbetriebnahme noch änderbar ist.The closure element, which is only to be assembled in a later production step, is equipped with a functional means that corresponds to the function of the respective opening, such as outlet, filling, loading, maintenance or assembly. The functional means can provide bores for fittings, centering means for the internal piping or other functions. At the same time, the closure element always serves as a detachable cover for closing the opening. The functional means can therefore also be designed purely as a closure surface, as is required for a so-called manhole, which is used for access for maintenance purposes in correspondingly large tanks. This design of the closure means allows flexibility of use that is independent of the manufacturing process, so that the functionality or even the way of use can still be changed after production and even after commissioning.
Das erfindungsgemäße Anschlußsystem erlaubt neben der Anordnung in der Mantelfläche und der flexiblen Nutzbarkeit eines Drucktanks auch eine Vereinfachung der Fertigung, weil die spätere, funktionsgerechte Ausgestaltung der Anschlüsse keinen Einfluß auf den Herstellungsprozeß und die Dimensionierung der Öffnungen im Tank hat. Dadurch kann die Fertigung einfach und einheitlich, das heißt mit den gleichen Werkzeugen und den gleichen Verfahren, gefertigt werden. Die spezifische Ausgestaltung eines Drucktanks erfolgt erst nach dem eigentlichen Produktionsschritt mittels bedarfsgerechter Verschlußmittel. Beispielsweise kann bei einem Drucktank für ein Feuerlöschmittel mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Anschlußsystems der Querschnitt des Abgangs in der Mantelfläche nach der Produktion bedarfsgerecht angepaßt werden, je nach benötigter Ausbringungsrate des Löschmittelstrahls. Ein mit Beaufschlagungsanschlüssen ausgestattetes Verschlußmittel kann gleichzeitig als abnehmbarer Deckel dienen, wie dies bei Anordnung auf der Stirnseite eines Löschmitteltanks zum Befüllen mit Löschmittel benötigt wird. Dadurch entfällt das Erfordernis einer zusätzliche Öffnung, was die Fertigung, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der CFK-Wicklung, erleichtert. Auch die Anordnung weiterer Rohranschlüsse pro Öffnung wäre durch Austausch gegen ein anderes, entsprechend mit Funktionsmitteln ausgestattetes Anschlußmittel prinzipiell möglich.The connection system according to the invention allows not only the arrangement in the lateral surface and the flexible usability of a pressure tank, but also a simplification of production, because the later, functional design of the connections has no influence on the manufacturing process and the dimensioning of the openings in the tank. As a result, production can be carried out simply and uniformly, ie using the same tools and the same processes. The specific design of a pressure tank is only carried out after the actual production step by means of appropriate closures. For example, in a pressure tank for a fire extinguishing agent by means of the connection system according to the invention, the cross section of the outlet in the lateral surface be adjusted as required after production, depending on the required output rate of the extinguishing agent jet. A closure means equipped with loading connections can also serve as a removable cover, as is required for filling with extinguishing agent when arranged on the front side of an extinguishing agent tank. This eliminates the need for an additional opening, which facilitates manufacture, particularly in connection with the CFRP winding. The arrangement of further pipe connections per opening would also be possible in principle by exchanging them for another connection means correspondingly equipped with functional means.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklung sieht eine Ergänzung durch ein Verschlußelement vor, daß auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite und der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite des Verstärkungsrings umlaufende Nuten für die Anordnung der Dichtungen vorgesehen sind. Dies erlaubt eine leichtere Montage und eine stabilere Dichtwirkung, da die Dichtungen durch die Nut sicher positioniert werden können.An advantageous further development provides for a closure element to be added, such that circumferential grooves for the arrangement of the seals are provided on the planar upper side and the planar underside of the reinforcing ring. This allows easier assembly and a more stable sealing effect, since the seals can be securely positioned through the groove.
Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung sieht vor, daß die Verbindung zwischen Verstärkungsring und Einbuchtung im Bereich des Kragens als Kraftschluß, Formschluß und/oder Stoffschluß ausgestaltet ist.An expedient embodiment provides that the connection between the reinforcement ring and the indentation in the region of the collar is designed as a force fit, form fit and/or material bond.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung sieht vor, daß das Funktionsmittel mindestens eine Bohrung und darin angeordnete Anschlußmittel, wie beispielsweise Fittings, umfaßt. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Verbindung durch korrespondierende Gewinde in Bohrung und Anschlußmittel hergestellt. Die Anschlußmittel können so auf einfache Weise im Verschlußmittel vormontiert werden, bevor dieses an der Tanköffnung angebracht wird.An embodiment according to the invention provides that the functional means comprises at least one bore and connection means, such as fittings, arranged therein. The connection is expediently established by means of corresponding threads in the bore and connection means. The connection means can thus be preassembled in a simple manner in the closure means before this is attached to the tank opening.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht Volumenausgleichmittel vor, die dem Ausfüllen des Raums zwischen Verstärkungsring und anzubringender CFK-Wicklungsschicht dienen. Damit können im Bereich der Öffnungen Unterbrechungen der Oberfläche vermieden werden, so daß die CFK-Wicklung ungestört auf einer Ebene erfolgen kann. Dies ist insbesondere für die Öffnung in Mantelseite vorteilhaft, weil dort vorteilhafterweise die Einbuchtung tiefer ausgestaltet wird, um den kreisförmigen Umfangsverlauf des Zylinders so auszugleichen, daß der Verstärkungsring in der Einbuchtung vollständig abgesenkt gegenüber der Linerwand positioniert ist. Dabei liegt der Verstärkungsring in Längsrichtung des Zylinders tiefer abgesenkt in der Einbuchtung als in Umfangsrichtung. Beim Wicklungsprozeß wäre daher keine gleichmäßige Oberfläche als Wicklungsgrundlage vorhanden, was den Prozeß stören und die Qualität der Wicklung mindern würde.An advantageous embodiment provides volume compensation means that serve to fill the space between the reinforcement ring and the CFRP winding layer to be attached. In this way, interruptions in the surface can be avoided in the area of the openings, so that the CFRP winding can take place undisturbed on one level. This is particularly advantageous for the opening in the shell side, because there the indentation is advantageously designed deeper in order to compensate for the circular circumference of the cylinder in such a way that the reinforcement ring in the indentation is positioned completely lowered in relation to the liner wall. In this case, the reinforcing ring lies lower in the indentation in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder than in the circumferential direction. At the In the winding process, there would therefore be no uniform surface as the basis for the winding, which would disrupt the process and reduce the quality of the winding.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, daß das Funktionsmittel ein Verankerungsmittel auf der Innenseite des Verschlußmittels zur Positionierung eines innenliegenden Rohrs umfaßt, das mit dem innenliegenden Rohr in Eingriff gebracht werden kann. Damit kann auf einfache Weise durch Montieren des Verschlußmittels das Rohr in seiner bedarfsgerechten Position fixiert werden. Die Anordnung des Verankerungsmittels bestimmt dabei die Position. Wenn es mehrere Innenrohre gibt, können beide Rohre zuvor miteinander verbunden worden sein. Dann wird gleichzeitig auch dieses verbundene Rohr mitfixiert. Die Fixierung ist zweckmäßig, um auf die Innenverrohrung wirkenden Druckspitzen entgegenzuwirken, wie beim Beaufschlagen. Bei Löschmitteltanks ist dies auch beim Löschvorgang der Fall. Am einfachsten ist dies bei einem zentral angeordneten Innenrohr. Dafür muß das Verankerungsmittel ebenfalls zentral auf dem Verschlußmittel angeordnet sein, was die Montage vereinfacht.An advantageous embodiment provides that the functional means comprises an anchoring means on the inside of the closure means for positioning an inner tube which can be brought into engagement with the inner tube. In this way, the pipe can be fixed in its required position in a simple manner by mounting the closure means. The arrangement of the anchoring means determines the position. If there are several inner tubes, both tubes may have been previously connected to each other. Then this connected tube is also fixed at the same time. The fixation is expedient in order to counteract pressure peaks acting on the inner piping, such as when pressurized. In the case of extinguishing agent tanks, this is also the case during the extinguishing process. This is easiest with a centrally arranged inner tube. For this, the anchoring means must also be arranged centrally on the closure means, which simplifies assembly.
Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung des Verankerungsmittels ist dieses zumindest teilweise formschlüssig in die Öffnung des Rohrs einführbar. Dies kann vorteilhafterweise durch eine Mehrzahl von Rippen bewirkt werden, die radialsymmetrisch angeordnet sind.In an expedient configuration of the anchoring means, this can be inserted at least partially in a form-fitting manner into the opening of the pipe. This can advantageously be brought about by a plurality of ribs which are arranged radially symmetrically.
Eine Weiterentwicklung sieht vor, daß das Verschlußelement auf der Innenseite einen zylindrischen Bereich aufweist, dessen Außendurchmesser maximal dem Innendurchmesser der mindestens einen Öffnung entspricht. Dieser zylindrische Bereich dient dazu, bei der Montage des Verschlußelements in die jeweilige Öffnung eingeführt zu werden. Damit wird das Verschlußelement automatisch in zentraler Lage positioniert. Ferner bewirkt der Eingriff des zylindrischen Elements in die Öffnung eine Stabilisierung der Lage des Verschlußelements, was die Dichtwirkung erhöht.A further development provides that the closure element has a cylindrical area on the inside, the outer diameter of which corresponds at most to the inner diameter of the at least one opening. The purpose of this cylindrical area is to be inserted into the respective opening during assembly of the closure element. The closure element is thus automatically positioned in a central position. Furthermore, the engagement of the cylindrical element in the opening stabilizes the position of the closure element, which increases the sealing effect.
Aufgabe ist weiterhin, ein Fertigungsverfahren für einen erfindungsgemäßen Drucktank mit mindestens einer Öffnung bereitzustellen. Dies wird mit folgenden Schritten gelöst:
- a) Herstellen eines Liners (21) mit mindestens einer Öffnung (3, 3', 4) und jeweils einer Einbuchtung (20) und einem um die Öffnung (3, 3', 4) herum zur Außenseite des Drucktanks (1) gerichteten Kragen (21),
- b) Montieren eines Verstärkungsrings (5) mit einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite (5a), einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite (5b), einer durchgehenden Bohrung (5c) und einem zum Außenumfang hin flach auslaufenden Rand (5f) in der korrespondierend geformten Einbuchtung (20) der mindestens einen Öffnung (3, 3', 4), wobei Dichtungen (7) auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite (5a) und der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite (5b) des Verstärkungsrings (5) umlaufend angeordnet sind,
- c) Anbringen der CFK-Wicklungsschicht unter teilweiser Überlappung des Verstärkungsrings,
- d) Montieren des Verschlußmittels mit dem benötigten Funktionsmittel in der mindestens einen Öffnung.
- a) Production of a liner (21) with at least one opening (3, 3', 4) and one indentation (20) each and a collar directed around the opening (3, 3', 4) to the outside of the pressure tank (1). (21),
- b) mounting a reinforcing ring (5) with a planar upper side (5a), a planar underside (5b) and a through hole (5c) and an edge (5f) tapering flat towards the outer circumference in the correspondingly shaped indentation (20) of the at least one opening (3, 3', 4), with seals (7) on the planar upper side (5a) and the are arranged circumferentially on the underside (5b) of the reinforcement ring (5),
- c) Attachment of the CFRP winding layer with partial overlapping of the reinforcement ring,
- d) installing the closure means with the required functional means in the at least one opening.
Zunächst wird ein standardisierter Liner mit der mindestens einen benötigten Öffnung und einer entsprechenden Einbuchtung samt Kragen hergestellt. Anschließend wird für jede Öffnung der Verstärkungsring in der jeweiligen Einbuchtung angeordnet und mit diesem verbunden. Dann erfolgt die Wicklung mit den CFK-Fasern. Dabei ist sicherzustellen, daß die Wicklungsschicht den darunterliegenden Verstärkungsring ausreichend überlappt, damit dieser die Drucklast auf die CFK-Schicht ableiten kann. Für jede Öffnung muß ein mit dem benötigten Funktionsmittel ausgestattetes Verschlußelement angeordnet werden. Bei der Montage eines Verschlußmittels 800 ist das Funktionsmittel zur Erzielung der Deckelfunktion in Form der geschlossenen Fläche enthalten.First, a standardized liner is produced with the at least one required opening and a corresponding indentation including a collar. The reinforcement ring for each opening is then arranged in the respective indentation and connected to it. Then the winding with the CFRP fibers takes place. In doing so, it must be ensured that the winding layer sufficiently overlaps the reinforcing ring underneath so that the pressure load can be transferred to the CFRP layer. A closure element equipped with the required functional means must be arranged for each opening. When assembling a closure means 800, the functional means for achieving the lid function is included in the form of the closed area.
Für die Fertigung eines speziell für Löschmittel zugeschnittenen CFK-Drucktanks mit einer ersten stirnseitigen Öffnung und einer gegenüberliegenden zweiten stirnseitigen Öffnung und einer mantelseitigen Öffnung, wird vorgeschlagen, daß Schritt d) weiter unterteilt wird
- d1) Montieren des Verschlußmittels mit dem Steigrohr in der mantelseitigen Öffnung,
- d2) Montage des Verschlußmittels mit dem Verankerungsmittel in der zweiten stirnseitigen Öffnung unter Ineingriffbringung des Verankerungsmittels mit dem zu fixierenden Steigrohr,
- d3) Montieren des Verschlußmittels mit Anschlußmitteln in der zweiten stirnseitigen Öffnung,
- d1) installing the closure means with the riser pipe in the shell-side opening,
- d2) assembly of the closure means with the anchoring means in the second front opening while bringing the anchoring means into engagement with the riser pipe to be fixed,
- d3) mounting the closure means with connection means in the second front opening,
Durch die Vormontage des Steigrohrs am mantelseitigen Verschlußmittel mittels Anschlußmittel kann dieses auf einfachste Weise bei der Anbringung des Verschlußmittels in das Innere des Tanks verbracht werden. Die Montage des Verschlußmittels in der zweiten stirnseitigen Öffnung erfolgt unter Verankerung des Steigrohrs auf der Innenseite des Verschlußmittels. Nachfolgend kann das Verschlußmittel der ersten stirnseitigen Öffnung montiert werden, die später auch zum Befüllen des Tanks dient. Im letzten Schritt werden die Standfüße montiert. Diese dienen zur Befestigung an einer Unterlage. Die Montage des mantelseitigen Verschlußmittels mit dem daran vormontierten Steigrohr definiert die Aufstellrichtung des Drucktanks, denn das Steigrohr muß zur bodenzugewandten Stirnseite gerichtet sein. Sie definiert aber auch, in welcher relativen Höhe die mantelseitige Öffnung liegt, denn diese ist typischerweise nicht mittig angeordnet. Bei einer Verwendung als Fahrzeugaufbau beispielsweise ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Abgang eher niedrig liegt. Dies ist bei der Fertigung zu berücksichtigen. Es ist jedoch aufgrund des erfindungsgemäßen Anschlußsystems problemlos möglich, die Anordnung auch nachträglich wieder zu ändern. Dazu muß lediglich die Steigleitung im mantelseitigen Verschlußmittel gegen eine längenangepaßte Steigleitung ersetzt werden, die stirnseitigen Verschlußelemente gegeneinander ausgetauscht und Füße auf der anderen Stirnseite befestigt werden. Die Verschlußmittel werden zweckmäßigerweise schon mit Anschlußmitteln ausgestattet bevorratet, was die Fertigung beschleunigt.By preassembling the riser pipe on the closure means on the jacket side by means of connection means, this can be brought into the interior of the tank in the simplest way when the closure means is attached. The assembly of the closure means in the second Front opening takes place under anchoring of the riser on the inside of the closure means. Subsequently, the closure means of the first front opening can be mounted, which later also serves to fill the tank. In the last step, the feet are mounted. These are used for attachment to a base. The installation of the closure means on the shell side with the riser pipe pre-assembled on it defines the erection direction of the pressure tank, because the riser pipe must be directed towards the end face facing the floor. However, it also defines the relative height at which the shell-side opening is located, because this is typically not arranged in the middle. When used as a vehicle body, for example, it is advantageous if the outlet is rather low. This must be taken into account during production. However, due to the connection system according to the invention, it is easily possible to change the arrangement again later. All that is required for this is to replace the riser in the closure means on the jacket side with a riser of matching length, exchange the closure elements on the face side and fasten feet on the other face side. The closure means are expediently already stocked with connection means, which speeds up production.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des Verfahrens sieht vor, daß nach Schritt b) in einem Schritt b1) ein Volumenausgleichsring gemäß Anspruch 6 angeordnet werden. Dies vereinfacht den nachfolgenden Wicklungsschritt und verbessert die Qualität des Ergebnisses.An advantageous development of the method provides that, after step b), a volume compensation ring according to
Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens sieht vor, daß bei Schritt d2) in einem ersten, zusätzlichen Teilschritt ein Beaufschlagungsrohr mittels eines Verbindungsmittels an der Steigleitung angeordnet wird und daß Schritt d3) unter Verbindung des Beaufschlagungsrohrs mit einem Anschlußmittel im Verschlußmittel erfolgt. Durch diese Schritte wird ein Pulver-Löschtank herstellbar. Das Beaufschlagungsrohr kann auf einfache Weise durch die zweite stirnseitige Öffnung am schon montierten Steigrohr befestigt werden. Die spätere Verbindung mit dem Anschlußmittel im Verschlußmittel der ersten stirnseitigen Öffnung erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise durch einen geeigneten Adapter, der sowohl ein sicheres Verbinden als auch ein leichtes Lösen gewährleistet.An expedient embodiment of the method provides that in step d2) in a first, additional partial step, an admission pipe is arranged on the riser by means of a connecting means and that step d3) takes place by connecting the admission pipe to a connection means in the closure means. Through these steps, a powder extinguishing tank becomes manufacturable. The admission tube can easily be attached to the riser tube that has already been installed through the second opening on the end face. The subsequent connection to the connection means in the closure means of the first end opening is expediently effected by a suitable adapter which ensures both secure connection and easy release.
Aufgabe ist ferner, einen CFK-Drucktank bereitzustellen. Dies wird mit einem Drucktank gelöst, der ein Anschlußsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 aufweist und nach einem Verfahren der Ansprüche 12 bis 15 erhältlich ist. Ein solcher Drucktank kann vielseitig eingesetzt werden, überall dort, wo für einen Drucktank eine Gewichtsersparnis vorteilhaft ist, wie beispielsweise als Löschmitteltank. Aber auch für andere Einsatzmöglichkeiten ist der Tank gut geeignet. Er kann beispielsweise auch als Speicher für Fluide dienen, wie beispielsweise für Druckluft, die zum Betreiben von Maschinen eingesetzt wird. In dem Fall ist er nur mit Druckluft gefüllt, die nach Bedarf abgeführt werden kann. Der erfindungsgemäße Tank erfüllt bei geringerem Leergewicht die erforderlichen Sicherheitsvorschriften. Der Herstellungsprozeß kann trotz unterschiedlicher Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten in den Anschlußdetails nach einem standardisierten Verfahren hergestellt werden. Ein solcher Tank ist im Vergleich zu Stahl- oder Edelstahltanks leichter und damit besser handhabbar, was sich bei der Verwendung beliebiger Größenordnung, insbesondere bei Löschmitteltanks, positiv auswirkt. Wird ein so gefertigter Tank mit einer mantelseitigen Öffnung mit einem Verschlußmittel nach Anspruch 4 und einer Bohrung sowie einer ersten stirnseitigen Öffnung mit einem Verschlußmittel nach Anspruch 4 mit zwei Bohrungen und einer zweiten stirnseitigen Öffnung mit einem Verschlußmittel nach Anspruch 7 versehen, erhält man einen Löschmitteltank, der sich sicherheitskonform und gewichtsoptimiert einsetzen läßt.The task is also to provide a CFRP pressure tank. This is solved with a pressure tank which has a connection system according to one of
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung in einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- den erfindungsgemäßen Drucktank in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 2
- als Detail des erfindungsgemäßen Anschlußsystems den Liner in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 3
- den Tank aus
Fig. 1 im Querschnitt mit markierten Ausschnitten, - Fig. 4a,b
- die gekennzeichneten Ausschnitte aus
Fig. 3 in Vergrößerung, - Fig. 5a,b
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verschlußmittels im schematischen Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 6a,b
- ein Auführungsbeispiel des Verstärkungsrings im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 7
- der Verstärkungsring aus
Fig. 6a in anderer Anordnung, - Fig. 8a
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verschlußmittels im schematischen Querschnitt,
- Fig. 8b
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Verankerungsmittels in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 8c
- das Verschlußmittel aus
Fig. 8a in perspektivischer Ansicht, - Fig. 9a,b
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des Verschlußmittels im schematischen Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 10a,b
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des Verstärkungsrings im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 11a, b
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Volumenausgleichsrings im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 12
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Standfußes in perspektivischer Ansicht und
- Fig. 13a,b
- die Innenverrohrung des Drucktanks in zwei verschiedenen perspektivischen Ansichten.
- 1
- the pressure tank according to the invention in a perspective view,
- 2
- as a detail of the connection system according to the invention, the liner in a perspective view,
- 3
- off the
tank 1 in cross-section with marked sections, - Fig. 4a,b
- the
marked sections 3 in enlargement, - Fig. 5a,b
- an embodiment of a closure means in schematic cross section and in perspective view,
- Fig. 6a,b
- an embodiment of the reinforcement ring in cross section and in perspective view,
- 7
- the reinforcement ring
Figure 6a in a different arrangement - Figure 8a
- another embodiment of a closure means in schematic cross section,
- Figure 8b
- an embodiment of the anchoring means in a perspective view,
- Figure 8c
- the means of closure
Figure 8a in perspective view, - 9a,b
- a further embodiment of the closure means in a schematic cross section and in a perspective view,
- 10a,b
- another embodiment of the reinforcement ring in cross section and in perspective view,
- 11a, b
- an embodiment of the volume compensation ring in cross section and in a perspective view,
- 12
- an embodiment of a stand in a perspective view and
- 13a,b
- the internal piping of the pressure tank in two different perspective views.
Das Verschlußmittel 80 ist in seinem Kragbereich 9 mit dem Verstärkungsring 5 durch Befestigungsmittel 8c verbunden. Dichtungen 7 verlaufen auf der flächenhaften Oberseite 5a und der flächenhaften Unterseite 5b des Verstärkungsrings 5 in einer Nut 6 (siehe
Diese obenliegende, erste stirnseitige Öffnung 3 ist funktionsgerecht für die Beladung des CFK-Drucktanks 1 mit Löschmittel ausgestaltet. Zur Befüllung mit Löschmittel kann das Verschlußelement 80 aus seiner Verbindung mit dem Verstärkungsring 5 gelöst und anschließend wieder damit verbunden werden. Die Beaufschlagung mit Treibmittel erfolgt über einen Anschluß am hier links dargestellten Fitting 12, an dem hier ein Beaufschlagungsrohr 16 angeschlossen ist, von dem wegen seiner aus der Betrachterebene führenden Umlenkung 16a (siehe
Die
Das mantelseitige Verschlußmittel 8 weist eine durchgehende Bohrung 11 (siehe
Die
Die Darstellung anhand dieser Ausführungsbeispiele dient allein der Erläuterung der Erfindung und stellt keine Beschränkung dar. Abweichungen und Variationen, die die gleichen Wirkungen erzielen, sind davon umfaßt. So kann die Anordnung der mantelseitigen Öffnung 4 abweichen, beispielsweise auch mittig liegen. Dies hat auf die Funktion der erfindungsgemäßen Elemente und deren Zusammenwirken keinen Einfluß. Entscheidend ist nur, daß für die mantelseitige Öffnung 4 entsprechend ausgebildete Verstärkungsringe 5 und Verschlußmittel 8 verwendet werden, die für die notwendige Geometrie und die erforderliche Statik ausgestaltet sind.The representation based on these exemplary embodiments serves solely to explain the invention and does not represent any limitation. Deviations and variations that achieve the same effects are included. So the arrangement of the shell-
Die Verbindung zwischen Einbuchtung 20 und Verstärkungsring 5 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel per Gewindeverbindung zwischen Kragen 21 und Bohrung 5c dargestellt. Auch andere Verbindungsmöglichkeiten sind denkbar, wie beispielsweise Preßpassung oder Kleben. Entscheidend ist, daß eine ausreichende Verbindung zwischen Liner 2 und Verstärkungsring 5 bewirkt wird, die mit der Befestigung des Abschlußelements 8, 80, 800 am Verstärkungsring 5 und mit der Verstärkung durch die CFK-Wicklung funktionsgerecht zusammenwirkt.The connection between the
Auch das Verankerungsmittel 13 kann anders ausgestaltet sein, als hier dargestellt. Es kann entweder mehr oder weniger Rippen 14 aufweisen, oder auch durch andere Geometrien gebildet werden. Es kann auch so ausgestaltet sein, daß das zu verankernde Rohr 15, 16 in das Verankerungsmittel 13 eingreift. Entscheidend ist nur, daß das Verankerungsmittel 13 und das zu fixierende Rohr 15, 16 ineinander eingreifen.The anchoring means 13 can also be configured differently than shown here. It can either have more or
Der Verstärkungsring ist vorzugsweise aus Stahl hergestellt. Aber auch andere Materialien sind vorstellbar. Entscheidend ist nur, daß ausreichende Stabilität für die Kraftableitung gewährleistet ist.The reinforcement ring is preferably made of steel. But other materials are also conceivable. It is only decisive that sufficient stability is guaranteed for the force dissipation.
Die Geometrie und Ausgestaltung der Standfüße 30 kann auch von der dargestellten Ausführungsform abweichen. Entscheidend ist eine sichere Verbindbarkeit mit der Stand- oder Transportunterlage und die Verbindbarkeit mit dem Drucktank 1. Dabei kann die Aufnahmefläche 32 auch einteilig ausgestaltet sein oder anders gestaltete Teilelemente aufweisen. Die Verbindung kann außer durch Verkleben beispielsweise auch durch Verschrauben erfolgen oder indem die Standfüße 30 durch die CFK-Wicklungsschicht 100 an der Tankwand fixiert werden.The geometry and configuration of the
- 11
- Drucktankpressure tank
- 1a1a
- Stirnseiteface
- 1b1b
- Mantelflächelateral surface
- 22
- Linerliners
- 3, 3'3, 3'
- erste und zweite stirnseitige Öffnung des Linersfirst and second end opening of the liner
- 44
- mantelseitige Öffnung des Linersshell-side opening of the liner
- 55
- Verstärkungsringreinforcement ring
- 5a5a
- Oberseitetop
- 5b5b
- Unterseitebottom
- 5c5c
- Bohrungdrilling
- 5d5d
- Innengewindeinner thread
- 5e5e
- Sackbohrungblind hole
- 5f5f
- (flach auslaufender) Rand(flat tapered) rim
- 66
- Nutgroove
- 77
- Dichtungpoetry
- 8, 80, 8008, 80, 800
- Verschlußelementclosure element
- 8a8a
- Außenseiteoutside
- 8b8b
- Innenseiteinside
- 8c8c
- Befestigungsmittelfasteners
- 8d8d
- Befestigungsöffnungmounting hole
- 99
- Kragbereichcollar area
- 1010
- zylindrischer Bereichcylindrical area
- 1111
- Bohrungdrilling
- 1212
- Fittingsfittings
- 12a12a
- Anschlagattack
- 12b12b
- O-Ringo ring
- 1313
- Verankerungsmittelanchoring means
- 1414
- Ripperib
- 14a14a
- Verjüngungrejuvenation
- 1515
- Steigleitungriser
- 1616
- Beaufschlagungsrohradmission tube
- 16a16a
- Umlenkungdeflection
- 1717
- Volumenausgleichsringvolume compensation ring
- 17a17a
- Außenseiteoutside
- 17b17b
- Innenseiteinside
- 17c17c
- Verjüngungrejuvenation
- 2020
- ringförmige Einbuchtungannular indentation
- 2121
- Kragencollar
- 2222
- Außengewindeexternal thread
- 2424
- Verbindungsmittellanyard
- 3030
- Standfußstand
- 3131
- Standflächefloor space
- 3232
- Befestigungsöffnungmounting hole
- 3333
- Aufnahmeflächerecording surface
- 3434
- Teilflächeface
- 100100
- CFK-WicklungsschichtCFRP winding layer
- A1A1
-
Ausschnitt 1
excerpt 1 - A2A2
-
Ausschnitt 2
excerpt 2
Claims (16)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Einbuchtung (20) um die Öffnung (3, 3', 4) herum einen zur Außenseite des Drucktanks (1) gerichteten Kragen (21) aufweist, und es ferner umfaßt:
characterized,
that the indentation (20) around the opening (3, 3', 4) has a collar (21) directed to the outside of the pressure tank (1), and it further comprises:
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite (5a) und der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite (5b) des Verstärkungsrings (5) umlaufende Nuten (6) für die Anordnung der Dichtungen (7) vorgesehen sind.System according to one of claim 1,
characterized,
that circumferential grooves (6) for arranging the seals (7) are provided on the planar upper side (5a) and the planar underside (5b) of the reinforcing ring (5).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Verbindung zwischen Verstärkungsring (5) und Einbuchtung (20) im Bereich des Kragens (21) als Kraftschluß, Formschluß und/oder Stoffschluß ausgestaltet ist.System according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the connection between the reinforcing ring (5) and the indentation (20) in the area of the collar (21) is designed as a force fit, form fit and/or material bond.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Funktionsmittel (11, 13) mindestens eine Bohrung (11) und darin angeordnete Anschlußmittel (12) umfaßt.System according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the functional means (11, 13) comprises at least one bore (11) and connecting means (12) arranged therein.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die mindestens eine Bohrung (11) ein Innengewinde für ein korrespondierendes Außengewinde des Anschlußmittels (12) aufweist.System according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the at least one bore (11) has an internal thread for a corresponding external thread of the connecting means (12).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es einen Volumenausgleichsring (17) umfaßt zum Füllen des Raums zwischen Verstärkungsring (5) und anzubringender CFK-Wicklungsschicht (100).System according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that it comprises a volume compensation ring (17) for filling the space between the reinforcing ring (5) and the CFRP winding layer (100) to be attached.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Funktionsmittel (13) ein Verankerungsmittel (13) auf der Innenseite (8b) des Verschlußmittels (800) zur Positionierung eines innenliegenden Rohrs (15, 16) umfaßt, das mit dem innenliegenden Rohr (15, 16) in Eingriff gebracht werden kann.System according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
in that the operating means (13) comprises anchoring means (13) on the inside (8b) of the closure means (800) for positioning an inner tube (15, 16) engageable with the inner tube (15, 16).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Verankerungsmittel (13) so ausgebildet ist, daß es mindestens teilweise formschlüssig in die Öffnung des innenliegenden Rohrs (15, 16) einführbar ist.System according to claim 7,
characterized,
that the anchoring means (13) is designed in such a way that it can be inserted at least partially in a form-fitting manner into the opening of the inner tube (15, 16).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Verankerungsmittel (13) durch eine Mehrzahl radialsymmetrisch angeordneter Rippen (14) gebildet wird.System according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the anchoring means (13) is formed by a plurality of radially symmetrically arranged ribs (14).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Verschlußelement (8, 80, 800) auf der Innenseite (8b) einen zylindrischen Bereich (10) aufweist, dessen Außendurchmesser maximal dem Innendurchmesser der mindestens einen Öffnung (3, 3', 4) entspricht.System according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that the closure element (8, 80, 800) has a cylindrical area (10) on the inside (8b), the outer diameter of which corresponds at most to the inner diameter of the at least one opening (3, 3', 4).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß Schritt d) weiter unterteilt wird
characterized,
that step d) is further subdivided
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß nach Schritt b) in einem Schritt b1) ein Volumenausgleichsring (17) gemäß Anspruch 6 angeordnet wird.Method according to claim 12,
characterized,
that after step b) in a step b1) a volume compensation ring (17) according to claim 6 is arranged.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei Schritt d2) in einem ersten Teilschritt ein Beaufschlagungsrohr (16) mittels eines Verbindungsmittels (24) an der Steigleitung (15) angeordnet wird und daß Schritt d3) unter Verbindung des Beaufschlagungsrohrs (15) mit einem Anschlußmittel (12) im Verschlußmittel (80) erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 12 or 13,
characterized,
that in step d2) in a first sub-step an admission pipe (16) is arranged on the riser (15) by means of a connecting means (24) and that step d3) involves connecting the admission pipe (15) to a connection means (12) in the closure means (80 ) he follows.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß er ein Anschlußsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 aufweist.CFRP pressure tank (1),
characterized,
that it has a connection system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß er nach einem Verfahren der Ansprüche 12 bis 14 erhältlich ist.CFRP pressure tank (1) according to claim 15,
characterized,
that it is obtainable by a process of claims 12 to 14.
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