DE102021105392A1 - Connection system for CFRP pressure tank, CFRP pressure tank and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Abstract

Connection system for an opening (3, 3', 4) in a cylindrical pressure tank (1) with an internal liner (2) and a CFRP winding layer (100), the liner (2) having at least one opening (3, 3', 4) and around the opening (3, 3', 4) an annular indentation (20), comprising: - a reinforcing ring (5) with a planar top (5a), a planar underside (5b), a continuous bore (5c) and an edge (5f) tapering flat towards the outer circumference, the reinforcing ring (5) being able to be arranged in the correspondingly shaped indentation (20) in such a way that the collar (21) lies in its bore (5c) and is flush with the the upper side (5a), - a connection of the reinforcement ring (5) with the indentation (20) in the area of the collar (21), - closure means (8, 80, 800) for arrangement on the at least one opening (3, 3' , 4) with an outer side (8a), an inner side (8b) and a collar area (9), wherein the collar area h (9) overlaps the reinforcing ring (5) in the assembled state and can be connected to it in a non-positive manner and the closure means (8, 80, 800) has functional means (11, 13), seals (7) which are on the planar upper side (5a) and can be arranged circumferentially on the planar underside (5b) of the reinforcement ring (5), so that in the assembled state there is an opening (3, 3', 4) both between the liner (1) and the reinforcement ring and between the reinforcement ring ( 5) and closure means (8, 80, 800) is sealed, wherein the reinforcing ring (5) with its flat tapering edge (5f) is dimensioned so that it acts on the opening (3, 3 ', 4) compressive force of a below Pressurized pressure tanks (1) to the CFRP winding layer (100) overlapping it in the edge area (5f).

Description

The invention relates to a connection system for a CFRP pressure tank, particularly suitable for fire extinguishing systems, a CFRP pressure tank and a manufacturing method for this.

One speaks of fire extinguishing systems from a quantity of extinguishing agent of 250 kilograms (kg) or 250 liters. For smaller amounts of extinguishing agent, one speaks of fire extinguishers, which can be designed as portable hand-held devices or can be moved by hand on rollers. Hand-held fire extinguishers as well as mobile fire extinguishers up to 50 kg usually have only one connection through which loading and the extinguishing agent is applied. This is located on a statically unproblematic front side, which allows the hose to be easily aligned during use when the tank is usually handled upright. The larger fire extinguishing systems can be mobile or stationary. Stationary fire extinguishing systems are available, for example, as fixed vehicle superstructures or vehicle installations, but also on ships, in trains, buildings, halls or industrial plants.

Fire extinguishing systems that are under constant pressure, i.e. are constantly ready for use and are exposed to an operating pressure of 30 bar, cannot be kept 100% leak-proof and therefore have to be recharged again and again. Alternatively, there are systems in which the propellant is only loaded into the extinguishing agent tank directly before use. In addition to water, foam or powder can also be used as an extinguishing agent. Nitrogen or dried breathing air are used as propellants. When charged, such chargeable systems are under pressures of up to 20 bar. The extinguishing agent is usually filled via an opening that can be closed with a lid on the upper front side. The outlet for discharging the extinguishing agent is usually equipped with a ball valve, which, depending on the situation, can be operated pneumatically by remote control or manually directly on the valve. In order to facilitate manual handling, the connection for the slope is therefore usually arranged in the lateral surface. Another connection is required for the application of propellant, which is usually also located in the lateral surface. In the case of larger tanks, further openings can be provided, such as so-called manholes, through which a person can enter the interior of a tank in order to carry out maintenance work from the inside.

When using water- or foam-based extinguishing agents, the tank material must be resistant to corrosion and additives, which is why stainless steel is usually used for this purpose. These cylindrically shaped extinguishing agent tanks made of steel can withstand the pressures that occur. A big disadvantage of using steel is the weight. A steel or stainless steel tank for extinguishing agent quantities of 250 kg or liters already weighs approx. 130 kg when empty. On the one hand, this makes the handling of mobile systems more difficult, but it also increases the axle load and thus the total weight of vehicles. Since certain additional technical functions are required for trailers above a certain weight limit, such as an overrun brake, tanks made of lighter material that are resistant to pressure and extinguishing agent are desirable. Composite pressure tanks for fluids are known with connections on the end faces, which have an internal liner, for example a plastic shell, for receiving the fluid and a winding made of fiber composite materials surrounding the liner, which protects the liner against the pressure load. Since it is important that the winding is of the correct thickness, orientation and quality, this requires an exact calculation of the compressive load and a corresponding winding process with the laminated fibers. Depending on the manufacturing process, additional steps may be required, such as removing air bubbles with a vacuum.

The winding process is complex and expensive. It was developed, among other things, for hydrogen tanks in automotive engineering with operating pressures of up to 700 bar, which require a connection at the front, i.e. in the statically unproblematic area of the tank. But CFRP is also already being used for smaller fire extinguishers, since CFRP use is not a problem for these small devices, which also only have connections on the front. In the larger extinguishing systems, on the other hand, a connection to the statically weaker lateral surface is required for the outlet. The opening in the lateral surface required for the lateral connection additionally weakens the statics by interrupting the fiber winding. As a result, the area around this lateral opening is statically particularly sensitive to the application of pressure. This is critical even when the tank is loaded because of the constant pressure. There are other critical points in time when the propellant is applied because of its load peaks, but also during extinguishing operations when the tank is already largely empty, because strong pressure fluctuations can occur from a small residual quantity. This is why the use of CFRP tanks for extinguishing systems is problematic because a connection is then required in the shell area.

From the DE 10 2013 002 853 A1 a fire extinguishing system for rail vehicles is known in which the extinguishing agent tank consists of a plastic core in order to save weight Cover layer made of CFRP is wrapped. In the case of the cylindrical tank, which is designed to lie flat along its length, the inlet and outlet are arranged exclusively opposite one another on the two end faces, which is described as being advantageous for the valve arrangement.

From the CN 110843233A a cylindrical composite gas-liquid pressure tank is known in which a filling tube connection is detachably arranged in the rounded transition from the end face to the cylindrical shell. Since a terminal mounted at this point would interfere with the winding process, this terminal is designed to be mounted after the winding process is complete.

From the DE 10 2009 049 948 A1 a cylindrical pressure vessel for storing liquid or gaseous media is known, which relates to a plastic inner container with a support sleeve enclosing it and with an end fitting connection. This end fitting connection comprises an insert neck piece inserted into a recess of the inner container with a sealing seat for a fitting which can be arranged there.

From the WO 2008/153414 A1 a connection system for an end opening of a cylindrical CFRP pressure tank with an internal liner and an outer CFRP winding layer is known, with the liner having an annular indentation around the opening, which has a collar facing the opening towards the outside of the pressure tank and a spigot having a bore therethrough in the indentation is positioned so that the collar passes through the bore of the spigot, and a closure member overlies the collar and the spigot. In order to prevent leaks which occur at high operating temperatures, a gasket is located inside the liner collar adjacent to the lid, bonded to the lid and applied to the inner collar surface. Outside of the liner collar, a prestressing device is arranged in a groove of the connection piece, which is also adjacent to the cover and surrounds the collar, in order to be able to adapt the seal of the cover to any pressure conditions.

What all of the above disclosures have in common is that they do not disclose any connection in the shell area and do not offer any solution for the associated problem of wall statics in the shell surface of a cylindrical composite pressure tank.

From the U.S. 4,619,374 discloses a cylindrical pressure vessel for the treatment or heating of water with a cylindrical, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant liner for receiving the water, the lateral surfaces of which are surrounded by a glass fiber layer for reinforcement. On both ends there are metal caps for reinforcement, in the openings of which pipe connection elements (fittings) are placed. Another opening with a fitting is located in the lateral lateral surface. This connection is intended in particular for the introduction of devices such as temperature or pressure measurement or water heating. The thickness of the wall area around this lateral pipe connection is reinforced with an insert element, for example of the same material as the liner, which is connected to the liner in a pre-formed recess and encloses the fitting. The purpose of sinking the insert element in the indentation is not to disturb the course of the boiler surface. The thickness of the wall increased by the insert serves to give the fitting arranged therein support and to seal against the escape of water. Sealing means going beyond this, in particular against pressure loss, are not mentioned. Since the device is primarily intended for heating water, a maximum pressure load of around 1 bar can be assumed, which is reached at 100 degrees Celsius. There are therefore no special requirements for pressure stability and pressure sealing. Such a connection device for the outlet of an extinguishing agent pressure tank is not suitable for receiving extinguishing agent under pressure conditions of 16 to 20 bar, including pressure peaks when applying propellant or during the extinguishing process.

The object is therefore to provide a connection system for a cylindrical CFRP pressure tank of the aforementioned type which is also suitable for use under high pressures of at least 20 bar for an opening on the jacket side.

• - einen Verstärkungsring mit einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite, einer flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite, einer durchgehenden Bohrung und einem zum Außenumfang hin flach auslaufenden Rand, wobei der Verstärkungsring in der korrespondierend geformten Einbuchtung so anordenbar ist, daß der Kragen in dessen Bohrung liegt und bündig mit der Oberseite abschließt,
• - eine Verbindung des Verstärkungsrings mit der Einbuchtung im Bereich des Kragens,
• - Verschlußmittel zur Anordnung auf der mindestens einen Öffnung mit einer Außenseite, einer Innenseite und einem Kragbereich, wobei der Kragbereich im montierten Zustand den Verstärkungsring überlappt und mit ihm kraftschlüssig verbindbar ist und wobei das Verschlußmittel Funktionsmittel aufweist,
• - Dichtungen, die auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Oberseite und auf der flächenhaft ausgebildeten Unterseite des Verstärkungsrings umlaufend anordenbar sind, so daß im montierten Zustand die Öffnung sowohl zwischen dem Liner und dem Verstärkungsring als auch zwischen Verstärkungsring und Verschlußmittel abgedichtet ist,

wobei der Verstärkungsring mit seinem flach auslaufenden Rand so dimensioniert ist, daß er die auf die Öffnung wirkenden Druckkraft eines unter Druck stehenden Drucktanks auf die ihn im Randbereich überlappende CFK-Wicklungsschicht ableiten kann.This is achieved in that the indentation around the opening has a collar directed towards the outside of the pressure tank, and it further comprises:

• - A reinforcing ring with a planar upper side, a planar lower side, a continuous bore and an edge that runs out flat towards the outer circumference, wherein the reinforcing ring can be arranged in the correspondingly shaped indentation in such a way that the collar lies in its bore and is flush with the upper side concludes
• - a connection of the reinforcement ring with the indentation in the collar area,
• - closure means for arrangement on the at least one opening with an outer side, an inner side and a collar area, with the collar area overlapping the reinforcement ring in the assembled state and being able to be connected to it in a non-positive manner and with the closure means having functional means,
• - Seals that can be arranged circumferentially on the planar upper side and on the planar underside of the reinforcing ring, so that in the assembled state the opening is sealed both between the liner and the reinforcing ring and between the reinforcing ring and the closure means,

the reinforcement ring with its flat tapering edge is dimensioned in such a way that it can derive the compressive force of a pressurized pressure tank acting on the opening onto the CFRP winding layer overlapping it in the edge area.

The term liner should not be understood to be limited to plastic casings. The term liner should also include other materials that prove to be resistant to the tank filling and can be shaped accordingly.

The geometry of the annular indentation and its collar corresponds to that of the reinforcement ring, with the collar forming the connection opening. When assembled, the reinforcement ring lies in the annular indentation of the liner, which is flattened outwards corresponding to the flat rim of the reinforcement ring and is connected to it in the collar area so stably that the connection holds even under the action of force. Through this connection, the seal running around the underside of the reinforcing ring is pressed by the latter against the indentation and there completely seals the connection area in the surface underside. In the installed state, the closure means is connected to the reinforcing ring in the collar area by a non-positive fit and is thereby pressed with the collar area onto the seal running on the upper side of the reinforcing ring. When compressive force acts on the tank wall, the surfaces between the reinforcing ring and the liner or the closing element are merely displaced relative to one another, so that a seal arranged circumferentially between the surfaces is only exposed to a small amount of friction under a compressive load. The sealing effect is fully guaranteed against any pressure peaks. In addition, the pressure load is optimally distributed by this flat sealing arrangement, which completely surrounds the opening, which at the same time counteracts material fatigue. For this purpose, the reinforcement ring is shaped and dimensioned with its flat tapering edge in such a way that, with partial overlapping by the CFRP wrapping layer in the edge area, it can adequately dissipate the much more critical compressive load in the area of a statically sensitive shell-side opening onto this CFRP layer. The decisive factor here is the ratio of the thickness of the wrapping layer to the dimension of the reinforcement ring. This force dissipation function makes it possible to arrange an opening in the shell area of a CFRP pressure tank while complying with safety regulations.

The closure element, which is only to be assembled in a later production step, is equipped with a functional means that corresponds to the function of the respective opening, such as outlet, filling, loading, maintenance or assembly. The functional means can provide bores for fittings, centering means for the internal piping or other functions. At the same time, the closure element always serves as a detachable cover for closing the opening. The functional means can therefore also be designed purely as a closure surface, as is required for a so-called manhole, which is used for access for maintenance purposes in correspondingly large tanks. This design of the closure means allows flexibility of use that is independent of the manufacturing process, so that the functionality or even the way of use can still be changed after production and even after commissioning.

The connection system according to the invention allows not only the arrangement in the lateral surface and the flexible usability of a pressure tank, but also a simplification of production, because the later, functional design of the connections has no influence on the manufacturing process and the dimensioning of the openings in the tank. As a result, production can be carried out simply and uniformly, ie using the same tools and the same processes. The specific design of a pressure tank is only carried out after the actual production step by means of appropriate closures. For example, in a pressure tank for a fire extinguishing agent, the connection system according to the invention can be used to adapt the cross section of the outlet in the lateral surface as needed after production, depending on the required discharge rate of the jet of extinguishing agent. A closure means equipped with loading connections can also serve as a removable cover, as is required for filling with extinguishing agent when arranged on the front side of an extinguishing agent tank. This eliminates the need for an additional opening, which facilitates manufacture, particularly in connection with the CFRP winding. The arrangement of further pipe connections per opening would also be exchanged for another, in accordance with radio tion means equipped connection means possible in principle.

An advantageous further development provides for a closure element to be added, such that circumferential grooves for the arrangement of the seals are provided on the planar upper side and the planar underside of the reinforcing ring. This allows easier assembly and a more stable sealing effect, since the seals can be securely positioned through the groove.

An expedient embodiment provides that the connection between the reinforcement ring and the indentation in the region of the collar is designed as a force fit, form fit and/or material bond.

An embodiment according to the invention provides that the functional means comprises at least one bore and connection means, such as fittings, arranged therein. The connection is expediently established by means of corresponding threads in the bore and connection means. The connection means can thus be preassembled in a simple manner in the closure means before this is attached to the tank opening.

An advantageous embodiment provides volume compensation means that serve to fill the space between the reinforcement ring and the CFRP winding layer to be attached. In this way, interruptions in the surface can be avoided in the area of the openings, so that the CFRP winding can take place undisturbed on one level. This is particularly advantageous for the opening in the shell side, because there the indentation is advantageously designed deeper in order to compensate for the circular circumference of the cylinder in such a way that the reinforcement ring in the indentation is positioned completely lowered in relation to the liner wall. In this case, the reinforcing ring lies lower in the indentation in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder than in the circumferential direction. In the winding process, therefore, there would not be a uniform surface as the winding base, which would disturb the process and degrade the quality of the winding.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the functional means comprises an anchoring means on the inside of the closure means for positioning an inner tube which can be brought into engagement with the inner tube. In this way, the pipe can be fixed in its required position in a simple manner by mounting the closure means. The arrangement of the anchoring means determines the position. If there are several inner tubes, both tubes may have been previously connected to each other. Then this connected tube is also fixed at the same time. The fixation is expedient in order to counteract pressure peaks acting on the inner piping, such as when pressurized. In the case of extinguishing agent tanks, this is also the case during the extinguishing process. This is easiest with a centrally arranged inner tube. For this, the anchoring means must also be arranged centrally on the closure means, which simplifies assembly.

In an expedient configuration of the anchoring means, this can be inserted at least partially in a form-fitting manner into the opening of the tube. This can advantageously be brought about by a plurality of ribs which are arranged radially symmetrically.

A further development provides that the closure element has a cylindrical area on the inside, the outer diameter of which corresponds at most to the inner diameter of the at least one opening. The purpose of this cylindrical area is to be inserted into the respective opening during assembly of the closure element. The closure element is thus automatically positioned in a central position. Furthermore, the engagement of the cylindrical element in the opening stabilizes the position of the closure element, which increases the sealing effect.

1. a) Herstellen eines Liners mit mindestens einer Öffnung und jeweils einer Einbuchtung und einem Kragen gemäß Anspruch 1,
2. b) Montieren eines Verstärkungsrings gemäß Anspruch 1 in der Einbuchtung der mindestens einen Öffnung,
3. c) Anbringen der CFK-Wicklungsschicht unter teilweiser Überlappung des Verstärkungsrings,
4. d) Montieren des Verschlußmittels mit dem benötigten Funktionsmittel in der mindestens einen Öffnung.

The object is also to provide a manufacturing method for a pressure tank according to the invention with at least one opening. This is solved with the following steps:

1. a) producing a liner with at least one opening and one indentation and one collar according to claim 1,
2. b) mounting a reinforcement ring according to claim 1 in the indentation of the at least one opening,
3. c) Attachment of the CFRP winding layer with partial overlapping of the reinforcement ring,
4. d) installing the closure means with the required functional means in the at least one opening.

First, a standardized liner is produced with the at least one required opening and a corresponding indentation including a collar. The reinforcement ring for each opening is then arranged in the respective indentation and connected to it. Then the winding with the CFRP fibers takes place. In doing so, it must be ensured that the winding layer sufficiently overlaps the reinforcing ring underneath so that the pressure load can be transferred to the CFRP layer. A locking element equipped with the required functional means must be provided for each opening be arranged. When assembling a closure means 800, the functional means for achieving the lid function is included in the form of the closed area.

• d1) Montieren des Verschlußmittels mit dem Steigrohr in der mantelseitigen Öffnung,
• d2) Montage des Verschlußmittels mit dem Verankerungsmittel in der zweiten stirnseitigen Öffnung unter Ineingriffbringung des Verankerungsmittels mit dem zu fixierenden Steigrohr,
• d3) Montieren des Verschlußmittels mit Anschlußmitteln in der zweiten stirnseitigen Öffnung,

und daß als Schritt e) Standfüße an der bodenabgewandten Stirnseite des Drucktanks angebracht werden.For the manufacture of a CFRP pressure tank specially tailored for extinguishing agents with a first front opening and an opposite second front opening and a shell-side opening, it is proposed that step d) be further subdivided

• d1) installing the closure means with the riser pipe in the shell-side opening,
• d2) assembly of the closure means with the anchoring means in the second front opening while bringing the anchoring means into engagement with the riser pipe to be fixed,
• d3) mounting the closure means with connection means in the second front opening,

and that as step e) feet are attached to the end face of the pressure tank facing away from the bottom.

By preassembling the riser pipe on the closure means on the jacket side by means of connection means, this can be brought into the interior of the tank in the simplest way when the closure means is attached. The assembly of the closure means in the second end opening takes place with anchoring of the riser on the inside of the closure means. Subsequently, the closure means of the first front opening can be mounted, which later also serves to fill the tank. In the last step, the feet are mounted. These are used for attachment to a base. The installation of the closure means on the shell side with the riser pipe pre-assembled on it defines the erection direction of the pressure tank, because the riser pipe must be directed towards the end face facing the floor. However, it also defines the relative height at which the shell-side opening is located, because this is typically not arranged in the middle. When used as a vehicle body, for example, it is advantageous if the outlet is rather low. This must be taken into account during production. However, due to the connection system according to the invention, it is easily possible to change the arrangement again later. All that is required for this is to replace the riser in the closure means on the jacket side with a riser of matching length, exchange the closure elements on the face side and fasten feet on the other face side. The closure means are expediently already stocked with connection means, which speeds up production.

An advantageous development of the method provides that, after step b), a volume compensation ring according to claim 6 is arranged in a step b1). This simplifies the subsequent winding step and improves the quality of the result.

An expedient embodiment of the method provides that in step d2) in a first, additional partial step, an admission pipe is arranged on the riser by means of a connecting means and that step d3) takes place by connecting the admission pipe to a connection means in the closure means. Through these steps, a powder extinguishing tank becomes manufacturable. The admission tube can easily be attached to the riser tube that has already been installed through the second front opening. The subsequent connection to the connection means in the closure means of the first end opening is expediently effected by a suitable adapter which ensures both secure connection and easy release.

The task is also to provide a CFRP pressure tank. This is solved with a pressure tank which has a connection system according to one of Claims 1 to 12 and can be obtained by a method according to Claims 12 to 15. Such a pressure tank can be used in many ways, wherever a weight saving is advantageous for a pressure tank, such as an extinguishing agent tank. But the tank is also well suited for other uses. For example, it can also serve as a store for fluids, such as compressed air, which is used to operate machines. In this case, it is only filled with compressed air, which can be discharged as required. The tank according to the invention meets the necessary safety regulations with a lower empty weight. The manufacturing process can be carried out according to a standardized method, despite different design options in the connection details. Such a tank is lighter than steel or stainless steel tanks and is therefore easier to handle, which has a positive effect when using any size, especially for extinguishing agent tanks. If a tank manufactured in this way is provided with an opening on the jacket side with a closure means according to claim 4 and a bore and a first front opening with a closure means according to claim 4 with two bores and a second front opening with a closure means according to claim 7, an extinguishing agent tank is obtained which can be used in a safety-compliant and weight-optimized manner.

• 1 den erfindungsgemäßen Drucktank in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 2 als Detail des erfindungsgemäßen Anschlußsystems den Liner in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 3 den Tank aus 1 im Querschnitt mit markierten Ausschnitten,
• 4a,b die gekennzeichneten Ausschnitte aus 3 in Vergrößerung,
• 5a,b ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verschlußmittels im schematischen Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 6a,b ein Auführungsbeispiel des Verstärkungsrings im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 7 der Verstärkungsring aus 6a in anderer Anordnung,
• 8a ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verschlußmittels im schematischen Querschnitt,
• 8b ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Verankerungsmittels in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 8c das Verschlußmittel aus 8a in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 9a,b ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des Verschlußmittels im schematischen Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 10a,b ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des Verstärkungsrings im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 11a, b ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Volumenausgleichsrings im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 12 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Standfußes in perspektivischer Ansicht und
• 13a,b die Innenverrohrung des Drucktanks in zwei verschiedenen perspektivischen Ansichten.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing in an exemplary embodiment. Show it

• 1 the pressure tank according to the invention in a perspective view,
• 2 as a detail of the connection system according to the invention, the liner in a perspective view,
• 3 off the tank 1 in cross-section with marked sections,
• 4a,b the marked sections 3 in enlargement,
• 5a,b an embodiment of a closure means in schematic cross section and in perspective view,
• 6a,b an embodiment of the reinforcement ring in cross section and in perspective view,
• 7 the reinforcement ring 6a in a different arrangement
• 8a another embodiment of a closure means in schematic cross section,
• 8b an embodiment of the anchoring means in a perspective view,
• 8c the means of closure 8a in perspective view,
• 9a,b a further embodiment of the closure means in a schematic cross section and in a perspective view,
• 10a,b another embodiment of the reinforcement ring in cross section and in perspective view,
• 11a, b an embodiment of the volume compensation ring in cross section and in a perspective view,
• 12 an embodiment of a stand in a perspective view and
• 13a,b the internal piping of the pressure tank in two different perspective views.

1 shows as an exemplary embodiment a perspective view of a cylindrical CFRP pressure tank 1 according to the invention with its two dome-shaped end faces 1a and the lateral surface 1b using the example of an extinguishing agent tank. The CFRP pressure tank 1 has a CFRP wrapping 100 and stands on feet 30 which are arranged on the bottom face 1a. A first opening 3, which is closed with a closure means 80, is located on the opposite end face 1a. Two fittings 12 arranged from the outside can be seen therein, which serve as connection means. In the jacket surface 1b there is a further jacket-side opening 4 with a closure means 8, in which a single fitting 12 arranged from the outside is visible. The shell-side opening 4 is arranged decentrally in relation to the tank height and is closer to the upper end face. If the openings 3, 3' of both end faces 1a of the liner 2 are preferably of the same dimensions and design, it is still possible to choose freely until the elements of the connection systems are installed on the tank openings 3, 3', 4, in which relation to the tank height the lateral connection is to be positioned. Even after they have been installed, the closure means can still be exchanged for those with other functional means 11, 13, including those with a pure cover function. The attachment of the end closure means 80 with the two fittings 12 determines the top and bottom of the relevant CFRP pressure tank 1. To fill with extinguishing agent, the closure means 80 can be removed from the first front opening 3 and then reattached. Of the two fittings 12 arranged in the closure means 80, one is used for the connection for charging the inner liner 2 with propellant and the other for the connection of a pressure relief and safety valve.

2 shows the liner 2 according to the invention with its indentations 20 and the collar 21 surrounding the openings 3, 4 before the connection to the reinforcement ring 5 and the wrapping with a CFRP layer 100 and the attachment of the feet 30. The indentations 20 correspond to the reinforcement rings 5 shaped and sized. The lower, second end-side opening 3' is located opposite the upper, first end-side opening 3 and is not visible here.

3 shows the cross-section CFRP pressure tank 1 of the embodiment 1 . The inner liner 2 is surrounded by the CFRP winding layer 100 . The feet 30 define the lower, floor-side end face 1a. The second end-side opening 3 ′ lying underneath, which is closed by the closure element 800 , can also be seen there. This carries a centrally arranged anchoring means 13, which is designed here so that it engages in the opening of the riser 15 and thereby anchored in a central position. The opening areas on the upper end face 1a and the shell side 1b are identified as sections A1 and A2 and are enlarged using the following and explained in more detail.

4a shows section A1 3 in enlarged cross section. The liner 2 is shown in the area of the upper front-side indentation 20, which with the collar 21 opens the first front-side opening 3 (see FIG 2 and 3 ) Are defined. In the indentation 20 of the reinforcing ring 5 is arranged and connected to the collar 21 via a threaded connection 22, 5d. The closure means 80 is arranged on the opening 3 and is connected to the reinforcement ring 5 by means of fastening means 8c. The closure element 80 here has a cylindrical region 10 on the inside 8b, which lies within the collar 21. FIG. The closure element 80 also has two continuous bores 11 (see FIG 5a) on, in each of which a fitting 12 is arranged up to a stop 12a on the outside 8a and on the inside 8b. O-rings 12b on the fittings 12 provide a seal between the fittings 12 and the tubing connected therein.

The closure means 80 is connected in its collar area 9 to the reinforcement ring 5 by fastening means 8c. Seals 7 run on the planar upper side 5a and the planar underside 5b of the reinforcing ring 5 in a groove 6 (see FIG 6a) around the area of the opening 3. The CFRP winding layer 100 overlaps the reinforcing ring 5 in the area of its flat, tapering edge 5f to such an extent that the pressure load acting on the opening area can be sufficiently dissipated onto this CFRP layer 100 .

This overhead, first end-side opening 3 is functionally designed for loading the CFRP pressure tank 1 with extinguishing agent. For filling with extinguishing agent, the closure element 80 can be detached from its connection with the reinforcing ring 5 and then connected to it again. The propellant is applied via a connection on the fitting 12 shown here on the left, to which an application tube 16 is connected here, from which, because of its deflection 16a leading out of the viewing plane (see 13 , 13b) only the approach is shown. The application tube 16 is required if powder is used as the extinguishing agent to loosen the powder charge, otherwise the application takes place directly via the fitting 12 shown on the left. The fitting 12 shown on the right serves as a connection for a pressure relief and safety valve.

the 4b shows section A2 of 3 with shell-side opening 4. As in 4a the area of the indentation 20 in the liner 2 is shown. The reinforcement ring 5 is arranged in the indentation 20 and is also connected here to the collar 21 of the indentation 20 by a threaded connection 22, 5d. In this illustration, for illustrative purposes, the grooves 6 in the reinforcing ring 5 are without seals 7 (see Fig 4a) shown. The indentation 20 is deeper here than that on the end faces 1a, so that despite the curvature of the lateral surface 1b (see 1 , 2 ) The reinforcing ring 5 arranged in the indentation 20 does not protrude over the tank wall. This spacing creates a space between the upper side 5a of the reinforcement ring 5 and the CFRP layer 100, which is filled with a volume compensation ring 17 (see also 11a , 11b) is filled in corresponding to the rounding of the tank circumference. This serves to serve as a contact surface corresponding to the course of the liner 2 in the winding process for the CFRP layer 100 . The volume compensation ring 17 encloses the collar area 9 of the closure means 8. The CFRP winding layer 100 overlaps the reinforcing ring 5 in the area of the volume compensation ring 17 and ends with the collar area 9 of the closure means 8. In addition to the relationship between the winding thickness, geometry of the reinforcing ring 5 and dimensioning of the overlap, the arrangement of the opening 4 on the jacket side in relation to the end face 1a is also relevant for the pressure load dissipation through the reinforcing ring 5 . The closer the shell-side opening 4 is to the end face 1a, the greater the stresses that must be counteracted by means of the reinforcing ring 5 and CFRP winding 100.

The shell-side closure means 8 has a through hole 11 (see 9a) for the arrangement of fittings 12, on the outside of the outlet for the extinguishing agent (not shown) and the inner riser pipe 15 can be connected. Depending on the desired line cross-section for the extinguishing agent, a closure means 8 with a corresponding fitting 12 can be used without requiring a different geometry of the liner 2 or the opening 4 on the jacket side.

5a and 5b show an embodiment of a front closure means 80. 5a shows a schematic cross section. The collar area 9 has fastening openings 8d, by means of which the closure means 80 can be connected to a reinforcement ring 5 fastened in the indentation 20. On the inside 8b of the closure means 80 there is a cylindrical portion 10 which is used here for insertion into the opening 3, as a result of which the closure means is centered. The bores 11 are used to arrange fittings 12 (see previous figure). For this purpose, the holes 11 can be equipped with appropriate threads that correspond to the holes in the fittings 12 . 5b shows the closure means 80 in a perspective plan view of the upper side 8a, on which the bores 11 and the fastening openings 8d can be seen.

6a and 6b show an embodiment of a reinforcing ring 5 for end-side indentations 20 in an arrangement for the overhead, first end-side opening 3 (see 4a) , corresponding to the 5a and 5b . In the through bore 5c is the internal thread 5d recognizable. This internal thread 5d is used to connect to a corresponding external thread 22 of the collar (see 4a) . Blind holes 5e in the top 5a are used for connection to the closure means 80 (see 5a, b ).

Ring-shaped grooves 6 on the upper side 5a and the lower side 5b are used for the arrangement of seals 7 (see 4a) . The reinforcement ring 5 is tapered towards the outer circumference both on the upper side 5a and the lower side 5b in its edge region 5f. The taper on the underside 5b corresponds to the geometry of the indentation 20, the taper on the top 5a is used for geometric adjustment to the curvature of the liner. 6b represents the same elements in a top perspective view.

7 shows the exemplary embodiment for the front reinforcement ring 5 (corresponding to 6a) , in the inverted arrangement required for the bottom-facing, second end-side opening 3', corresponding to the following 8a until 8c .

8a , 8b and 8c show schematically an embodiment of a closure means 800 for the bottom-facing, second end-side opening 3 '. An admission tube 16 (see FIG 13a , 13b) , as is required for a powder extinguishing tank, can be assembled by using the connecting element 24 (see 12 ) is connected to the riser 15 that has already been installed. The admission tube 16 is then later connected by means of an adapter to the connection means 12 on the closure means 80 of the first end opening. With this second end opening 3', no connection to the outside is required. The functional closure means 800 therefore has no bore 11 (as in the embodiment in 5a , 9a) on. The functional closure means 800 only has to securely close this opening 3'. Cantilever element 9 with fastening openings 8d is also used here for connection to a mounted reinforcing ring 5. An anchoring means 13, as shown in FIG 8b is shown separately in a perspective view of an embodiment, be arranged. In this exemplary embodiment, the anchoring means 13 has four radially symmetrical ribs 14 which taper radially symmetrically 14a and can thereby engage in the pipe end. The anchoring means 13 shown separately here is arranged on the inside 8b of the closure element 800 . During assembly, the closure means 800 can be arranged with the appropriately designed and dimensioned anchoring means 13 in such a way that the taper 14a projects into the end of the riser 15 in a form-fitting manner. With an appropriate arrangement, the riser 15 can be positioned centrally and fixed in this position even in the event of pressure load peaks, so that it can also be used to fix a parallel admission pipe.

9a and 9b show an embodiment of the closure means 8 of the shell-side opening 4 in the corresponding arrangement. In 9a the closure means 8 is shown schematically in cross section. Here, too, the closure means has a collar area 9 with fastening openings 8d and a cylindrical area 10 on the inside 8b. The closure means 8 is opposite the closure means 80 from 5a only one continuous bore 11, which serves to arrange fittings 12 (not shown) for the outlet of the extinguishing agent. The cross section of the bore 11 can be selected individually to match the cross section of the required outlet line. 9b represents the closure means 8 in perspective from the outside.

10a and 10b show an embodiment of a reinforcing ring 5 for the shell-side opening 4 in a corresponding arrangement. Unlike the reinforcement ring 5 for the two end openings 3, 3', the edge 5f here tapers towards the circumference only on the underside 5b. The reinforcement ring 5 for the shell-side opening 4 is advantageously located in a deeper indentation 20 in order not to disturb the course of the circumferential curvature of the tank surface. 10 shows the reinforcement ring 5 in perspective with a view of the top 5a.

11a and 11b show the volume compensation ring 17 in one 4b and the 9a , 9b and 10a , 10b corresponding arrangement. The volume compensation ring 17 is used to fill the space between the reinforcement ring 5 and the circumference of the liner (see also 4b) to fill out. 11a shows the ring 17 in cross-section with an outer side 17a and an inner side 17b. In an imaginary arrangement in the pressure tank 1, the section runs along the vertical. Corresponding to the course of the horizontal curvature of the lateral surface 1b (see 1 and 2 ) the ring 17 has a taper 17c on the outside 17a. In the perspective view of 11b both tapers 17c are visible. The volume compensation ring 13 is to be designed and dimensioned in such a way that, after assembly, the outside 17a coincides with the course of the liner in the lateral surface 1b (see 2 ) flees. The volume compensation ring 17 is thus designed in such a way that it ensures a uniformly running contact surface for the CFRP winding 100 that extends as far as the closure means 8 .

12 shows a base 30. This has a base 31, which can be placed flat on the base and can be firmly connected to it by means of suitable fastening means through the fastening opening 32. The receiving surface 33 is used for receiving and connecting to the pressure tank 1. In this exemplary embodiment, it is formed by correspondingly arranged partial surfaces 34, which are arranged essentially tangentially to the tank geometry to be received, which allows simple production. The connection can be made in particular by gluing, with the adhesive being able to easily compensate for the gap dimensions that are still present. The geometry and dimensioning of the feet 30 and their arrangement on the pressure tank 1 must be dimensioned and designed in such a way that a secure connection of the filled pressure tank 1 to a mobile base is guaranteed, even in the case of strong centrifugal forces acting during deployment trips.

the 13a and 13b show an exemplary embodiment of the internal piping for a powder extinguishing agent tank from two different perspectives, together with the elements of the connection system on the end faces 1a and the shell side 1b, which have been described in detail above. The application tube 16 is also shown. The course of this is aligned by means of a deflection 16a in such a way that it runs in the immediate vicinity of the centrally arranged riser tube 15. This allows the admission pipe 16 to be connected to the riser pipe 15, which is securely fixed by being anchored to the anchoring means 13, so that the admission pipe 16 is also securely positioned against the pressure forces prevailing during admission. The connecting means 24 (only in 13a shown schematically) through the second end opening 3 '(see 3 ) to be attached. The connecting means 24 can be a tab, a ring, a connected double ring, a guide or the like. It is expediently designed or fitted in such a way that when the closure means 80 together with the loading pipe 16 is removed for filling with extinguishing agent and the loading pipe 16 is thus pulled a little out of its position, it remains engaged with the connecting means 24 . The insufflation tube 16 must then be disconnected from the fitting 12 for complete removal of the closure means 80. For a detachable connection between the fitting 12 and the admission tube 16, a suitable adapter is expediently used, which is not shown in detail here.

The representation based on these exemplary embodiments serves solely to explain the invention and does not represent any limitation. Deviations and variations that achieve the same effects are included. The arrangement of the shell-side opening 4 can deviate, for example it can also be in the middle. This has no effect on the function of the elements according to the invention and their interaction. The only decisive factor is that appropriately designed reinforcement rings 5 and closure means 8 are used for the shell-side opening 4, which are designed for the necessary geometry and the required statics.

The connection between the indentation 20 and the reinforcing ring 5 is shown in the exemplary embodiment by a threaded connection between the collar 21 and the bore 5c. Other connection options are also conceivable, such as a press fit or gluing. The decisive factor is that a sufficient connection is established between the liner 2 and the reinforcement ring 5, which functionally interacts with the fastening of the closing element 8, 80, 800 on the reinforcement ring 5 and with the reinforcement provided by the CFRP winding.

The anchoring means 13 can also be configured differently than shown here. It can either have more or fewer ribs 14 or be formed by other geometries. It can also be designed in such a way that the pipe 15, 16 to be anchored engages in the anchoring means 13. The only decisive factor is that the anchoring means 13 and the tube 15, 16 to be fixed engage in one another.

The reinforcement ring is preferably made of steel. But other materials are also conceivable. It is only decisive that sufficient stability is guaranteed for the force dissipation.

The geometry and configuration of the feet 30 can also deviate from the illustrated embodiment. A secure connection with the standing or transport base and the connection with the pressure tank 1 is decisive. The receiving surface 32 can also be designed in one piece or have differently designed sub-elements. The connection can be made not only by gluing, but also by screwing, for example, or by fixing the feet 30 to the tank wall by the CFRP winding layer 100 .

Reference List

1

pressure tank

1a

face

1b

lateral surface

2

liners

3, 3'

first and second end opening of the liner

4

shell-side opening of the liner

5

reinforcement ring

5a

top

5b

bottom

5c

drilling

5d

inner thread

5e

blind hole

5f

(flat tapered) rim

6

groove

7

poetry

8, 80, 800

closure element

8a

outside

8b

inside

8c

fasteners

8d

mounting hole

9

collar area

10

cylindrical area

11

drilling

12

fittings

12a

attack

12b

o ring

13

anchoring means

14

rib

14a

rejuvenation

15

riser

16

admission tube

16a

deflection

17

volume compensation ring

17a

outside

17b

inside

17c

rejuvenation

20

annular indentation

21

collar

22

external thread

24

lanyard

30

stand

31

floor space

32

mounting hole

33

recording surface

34

face

100

CFRP winding layer

A1

excerpt 1

A2

excerpt 2

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102013002853 A1 [0006]
• CN 110843233A [0007]
• DE 102009049948 A1 [0008]
• WO 2008/153414 A1 [0009]
• US4619374 [0011]

Claims (16)

Connection system for an opening (3, 3', 4) in a cylindrical pressure tank (1) with two end faces (1a) and a lateral surface (1b), the pressure tank (1) having an internal liner (2) and an external CFRP Winding layer (100), the liner (2) having at least one opening (3, 3', 4) and an annular indentation (20) around the opening (3, 3', 4), characterized in that the indentation ( 20) around the opening (3, 3', 4) has a collar (21) directed to the outside of the pressure tank (1), and it further comprises: planar underside (5b), a continuous bore (5c) and an edge (5f) tapering flat towards the outer circumference, wherein the reinforcing ring (5) can be arranged in the correspondingly shaped indentation (20) in such a way that the collar (21) in whose bore (5c) is located and is flush with the top (5a), - a connection of Ver reinforcement ring (5) with the indentation (20) in the area of the collar (21), - closure means (8, 80, 800) for arrangement on the at least one opening (3, 3', 4) with an outer side (8a), a inner side (8b) and a collar area (9), with the collar area (9) overlapping the reinforcing ring (5) in the assembled state and being able to be connected to it in a non-positive manner, and with the closure means (8, 80, 800) having functional means (11, 13). , - seals (7) which can be arranged circumferentially on the planar upper side (5a) and on the planar underside (5b) of the reinforcing ring (5), so that in the assembled state the at least one opening (3, 3', 4th ) is sealed both between the liner (1) and the reinforcement ring and between the reinforcement ring (5) and the closure means (8, 80, 800), the reinforcement ring (5) being dimensioned with its flat tapering edge (5f) such that it the compressive force acting on the opening (3, 3', 4) is under pressure standing pressure tank (1) to the CFRP winding layer (100) overlapping it in the edge area (5f). system according to one of the claim 1 , characterized in that circumferential grooves (6) for the arrangement of the seals (7) are provided on the planar upper side (5a) and the planar underside (5b) of the reinforcing ring (5). system according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the connection between the reinforcing ring (5) and indentation (20) in the region of the collar (21) is designed as a non-positive connection, positive connection and/or material connection. system according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the functional means (11, 13) comprises at least one bore (11) and connecting means (12) arranged therein. system after claim 4 , characterized in that the at least one bore (11) has an internal thread for a corresponding external thread of the connecting means (12). system according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that it comprises a volume compensation ring (17) for filling the space between the reinforcing ring (5) and the CFRP winding layer (100) to be attached. system according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the operating means (13) comprises anchoring means (13) on the inside (8b) of the closure means (800) for positioning an internal tube (15, 16) engaged with the internal tube (15, 16). can be brought. system after claim 7 , characterized in that the anchoring means (13) is designed in such a way that it can be inserted at least partially in a form-fitting manner into the opening of the inner tube (15, 16). system after claim 8 , characterized in that the anchoring means (13) is formed by a plurality of radially symmetrically arranged ribs (14). system according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that the closure element (8, 80, 800) has a cylindrical area (10) on the inside (8b), the outer diameter of which corresponds at most to the inner diameter of the at least one opening (3, 3', 4). Production method for a CFRP pressure tank (1) with at least one opening (3, 3', 4), having the following steps: a) Production of a liner (21) with at least one opening (3, 3', 4) and one indentation each (20) and a collar (21) according to claim 1 , b) mounting a reinforcement ring (5) according to claim 1 in the indentation (20) of the at least one opening (3, 3', 4), c) attaching the CFRP winding layer (100) with partial overlapping of the reinforcement ring (5), d) installing the closure means (8, 80, 800) with the required functional means (11, 13) in the at least one opening (3, 3', 4). manufacturing process claim 11 for a CFRP pressure tank (1) with a first end opening (3) and an opposite second end opening (3') and an opening (4) on the jacket side, characterized in that step d) is further subdivided d1) assembling the closure means ( 8) with the riser pipe (15) in the shell-side opening, d2) assembly of the closure means (800) with the anchoring means (13) in the second end-side opening (3') with the anchoring means (13) engaging with the riser pipe (15 ), d3) assembling the closure means (80) with connection means (12) in the first end opening (3), and that as step e) feet (30) are attached to the end face (1a) of the pressure tank (1) facing away from the bottom. procedure after claim 12 , characterized in that after step b) in a step b1) according to a volume compensation ring (17). claim 6 is arranged. Procedure according to one of Claims 12 or 13 , characterized in that in step d2) in a first partial step an admission pipe (16) is arranged on the riser (15) by means of a connecting means (24) and that step d3) is completed by connecting the admission pipe (15) to a connection means (12) takes place in the closure means (80). CFRP pressure tank (1), characterized in that it has a connection system according to one of Claims 1 until 12 having. CFRP pressure tank (1) after claim 15 , characterized in that it by a method of Claims 12 until 16 is available.

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