Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
  • C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
  • C08F214/26—Tetrafluoroethene
  • C08F214/262—Tetrafluoroethene with fluorinated vinyl ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/14—Peroxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
  • C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
  • C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
  • C08K5/3492—Triazines
  • C08K5/34924—Triazines containing cyanurate groups; Tautomers thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/56—Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond
  • C08K5/57—Organo-tin compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
  • C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
  • C08F2800/10—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as molar percentages

Definitions

• a crosslinked rubber article obtainable by crosslinking a fluorinated copolymer is excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance, oil resistance, weather resistance, etc. and thus is used in various environments.
• Patent Document 1 discloses a fluorinated copolymer having units based on tetrafluoroethylene, units based on a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) and units based on a monomer having a nitrile group (cyano group).
• Patent Document 2 discloses a fluorinated elastic copolymer, a fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, a crosslinked rubber article, and a method for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer.
• a crosslinked rubber article is produced, for example, by supplying a fluorinated copolymer to a mold and heating and molding it.
• a fluorinated copolymer to a mold and heating and molding it.
• the present inventors have produced a crosslinked rubber article by using the fluorinated copolymer disclosed in Patent Document 1, they have found that there is a room for improvement in release properties of the crosslinked rubber article from the mold.
• the present invention has been made in consideration of the above problem, and its object is to provide a fluorinated copolymer and a fluorinated copolymer composition, whereby it is possible to produce a crosslinked rubber article excellent in mold release properties, as well as a crosslinked rubber article by using the same.
• the present inventors have found that by using a fluorinated copolymer having units based on tetrafluoroethylene, units based on a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), units based on a monomer having a fluorine atom and at least two polymerizable unsaturated bonds, and units based on a monomer having a nitrile group and a fluorine atom, it is possible to produce a crosslinked rubber article excellent in mold release properties, and thus have arrived at the present invention.
• the number of polymerizable unsaturated bonds in DVE is from 2 to 6, preferably 2 or 3, particularly preferably 2, as the polymerization reactivity will be better.
• R 21 , R 22 and R 23 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group, and a2 represents an integer of from 2 to 6, and R 24 is an a2-valent C 1-10 perfluorohydrocarbon group having etheric oxygen atoms at the terminals of the perfluorohydrocarbon group.
• the plurality of R 21 , the plurality of R 22 and the plurality of R 23 may, respectively, be the same or different from one another, and particularly preferably are the same to one another.
• a2 is preferably 2 or 3, particularly preferably 2.
• R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are preferably fluorine atoms or hydrogen atoms; more preferably, all of R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are fluorine atoms or all of them are hydrogen atoms; and from such a viewpoint that the mold release properties of a crosslinked rubber article will be better, particularly preferably all of R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are fluorine atoms.
• R 24 may be linear, branched-chain, or cyclic; linear or branched-chain is preferred, and linear is particularly preferred.
• the number of carbon atoms in R 24 is preferably from 2 to 8, more preferably from 3 to 7, further preferably from 3 to 6, particularly preferably from 3 to 5.
• R 24 has etheric oxygen atoms because of the better crosslinking reactivity and rubber properties.
• the number of etheric oxygen atoms in R 24 is 2.
• the etheric oxygen atoms in R 24 are present at the terminal of R 24 .
• R 31 is a C 1-10 divalent perfluorohydrocarbon group having etheric oxygen atoms at the terminals of the perfluorohydrocarbon group.
• CF 2 CFO(CF 2 ) 3
• CF 2 CFO(CF 2 ) 4
• CF 2 CFO(CF 2 ) 6
• R CN units are units based on a monomer having a nitrile group and a fluorine atom.
• the fluorinated copolymer has R CN units, the heat resistance of the crosslinked rubber article will be excellent.
• R CN preferably has a polymerizable unsaturated bond, particularly preferably has one polymerizable unsaturated bond.
• Specific examples of the polymerizable unsaturated bond are as described above.
• R CN is preferably a monomer represented by the following formula (5) from the viewpoint of better mold release properties and heat resistance of the crosslinked rubber article.
• CR 51 R 52 CR 53 -R 54 -CN (5)
• R 51 , R 52 and R 53 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a methyl group
• R 54 is a divalent C 1-10 perfluorohydrocarbon group or a group having an etheric oxygen atom at the terminal or between carbon-carbon atoms of the perfluorohydrocarbon group.
• R 51 , R 52 and R 53 are preferably fluorine atoms or hydrogen atoms, more preferably all of R 51 , R 52 and R 53 are fluorine atoms or all of them are hydrogen atoms, and from the viewpoint of better mold release properties and heat resistance of the crosslinked rubber article, it is particularly preferred that all of R 51 , R 52 and R 53 are fluorine atoms.
• R 54 may be linear, branched-chain, or cyclic, and linear or branched-chain is preferred.
• the number of carbon atoms in R 54 is preferably from 2 to 8, more preferably from 3 to 7, further preferably from 3 to 6, particularly preferably from 3 to 5.
• R 54 may or may not have an etheric oxygen atom, but preferably has an etheric oxygen atom from such a viewpoint that the rubber properties will be better.
• the number of etheric oxygen atoms in R 54 is preferably from 1 to 3, particularly preferably 1 or 2.
• the fluorinated copolymer may have units based on monomers other than TFE, PAVE, DVE and R CN .
• units based on monomers other than TFE, PAVE, DVE and R CN may sometimes be collectively referred to as "other monomers”.
• units based on a monomer represented by the following formula (6) (hereinafter referred to also as “formula (6) units"), vinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to also as “VdF”) units, hexafluoropropylene (hereinafter referred to also as “HFP”) units, chlorotrifluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to also as “CTFE”) units, ethylene units, as well as monomers represented by TFE, PAVE, DVE, R CN and the formula (6), and monomers having halogen atoms other than VdF, HFP and CTFE (hereinafter referred to also as other monomers having halogen atoms) (e.g. bromotrifluoroethylene, and iodotrifluoroethylene), may be mentioned.
• formula (6) hereinafter referred to also as “formula (6) units”
• VdF vinylidene fluoride
• HFP hexafluoropropylene
• CTFE
• perfluoro(3,6-dioxa-1-heptene), perfluoro(3,6-dioxa-1-octene) and perfluoro(5-methyl-3,6-dioxa-1-nonene) may be mentioned.
• the content of TFE units is preferably from 59 to 80 mol%, more preferably from 63 to 75 mol%, particularly preferably from 66 to 72 mol%, to all units of the fluorinated copolymer.
• the content of DVE units is preferably from 0.01 to 1.0 mol%, more preferably from 0.03 to 0.6 mol%, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.4 mol%, to all units of the fluorinated copolymer.
• the content of R CN units is preferably from 0.05 to 5 mol%, more preferably from 0.1 to 3 mol%, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 1.5 mol%, to all units of the fluorinated copolymer.
• the content of other monomer units is preferably from 0.01 to 20 mol%, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 mol%, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 mol%, to all units of the fluorinated copolymer.
• the molar ratio (DVE units/R CN units) of the content of DVE units to the content of R CN units is from 0.03 to 2, preferably from 0.1 to 1, particularly preferably from 0.35 to 0.59.
• the molar ratio is within the above range, it is possible to satisfy both the mold release properties and the heat resistance of the crosslinked rubber article at a high level.
• TFE units, PAVE units and R CN units to all units in the fluorinated copolymer are calculated by 19 F-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis.
• TFE units:PAVE units:R CN units (molar ratio) in the fluorinated copolymer is calculated by 19 F-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis.
• NMR 19 F-nuclear magnetic resonance
• TFE units:PAVE units:R CN units (molar ratio) in the fluorinated copolymer obtained by 19 F-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis is applied to obtain the contents of the respective units.
• the fluorinated copolymer may have an iodine atom. In such a case, it is preferred that it has an iodine atom at the terminal of the fluorinated copolymer (polymer chain).
• the fluorinated copolymer has an iodine atom
• its content is preferably from 0.01 to 5.0 mass%, more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0 mass%, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, to the entire mass of the fluorinated copolymer.
• the content of the iodine atom is within the above range, the crosslinking reactivity of the fluorinated copolymer will be improved, and the mechanical properties of the crosslinked rubber article will be excellent.
• the storage modulus G' of the fluorinated copolymer is preferably at least 450 kPa, particularly preferably at least 470 kPa.
• the details of the reason are unknown, but when the storage modulus G' is at least 470 kPa, it is possible to make the compression set of the crosslinked rubber article to be smaller under high temperature conditions.
• the storage modulus G' of the fluorinated copolymer is preferably at most 650 kPa, more preferably at most 630 kPa, particularly preferably at most 600 kPa.
• a method to obtain a fluorinated copolymer with a storage modulus G' of at least 470 kPa a method of adjusting the order of additions or the number of additions of the respective monomers during the production of the fluorinated copolymer, may be mentioned.
• the storage modulus G' is an index for the average molecular weight, where a high value indicates a large molecular weight, and a low value indicates a small molecular weight.
• the storage modulus G' of the fluorinated copolymer in the present invention is a value to be measured in accordance with ASTM D6204, and the detailed measurement conditions are as shown in Examples.
• a method for producing the fluorinated copolymer of the present invention a method of copolymerizing the above-described monomers in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator may be mentioned.
• radical polymerization initiator a water-soluble polymerization initiator or a redox polymerization initiator is preferred.
• a persulfate such as ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate, and an organic polymerization initiator such as disuccinic acid peroxide or azobisisobutylamidine dihydrochloride, may be mentioned.
• a persulfate is preferred, and ammonium persulfate is more preferred.
• a polymerization initiator having a persulfate and a reducing agent combined may be mentioned.
• a polymerization initiator capable of polymerizing the respective monomers at a polymerization temperature in the range of from 0 to 60°C is preferred.
• the persulfate constituting a redox polymerization initiator ammonium persulfate, alkali metal salts of persulfate such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, etc., may be mentioned, and ammonium persulfate is preferred.
• a thiosulfate, a sulfite, a hydrogen sulfite, a pyrosulfite and a hydroxymethanesulfinate may be mentioned, and a hydroxymethanesulfinate is preferred, and sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate is particularly preferred.
• the above monomers may be copolymerized in the presence of a chain transfer agent along with a radical polymerization initiator.
• the chain transfer agent is preferably an iodine compound, and an iodine compound represented by the formula RI 2 is particularly preferred.
• R represents an alkylene group or a perfluoroalkylene group having 3 or more carbon atoms (preferably, from 3 to 8 carbon atoms).
• 1,3-diiodopropane, 1,4-diiodobutane, 1,6-diiodohexane, 1,8-diiodooctane, 1,3-diiodoperfluoropropane, 1,4-diiodoperfluorobutane, 1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane and 1,8-diiodoperfluorooctane may be mentioned.
• an iodine compound having a perfluoroalkylene group is preferred, and 1,4-diiodoperfluorobutane is particularly preferred.
• the fluorinated copolymer composition of the present invention comprises the above-described fluorinated copolymer and at least one of a crosslinking agent and a catalyst.
• the fluorinated copolymer composition may contain only one or both of the crosslinking agent and the catalyst.
• an organic peroxide As specific examples of the crosslinking agent, an organic peroxide, a polyol, an amine and a triazine may be mentioned, and an organic peroxide is preferred from such a viewpoint that the productivity, heat resistance and chemical resistance of the crosslinked rubber article will be excellent.
• organic peroxide a dialkyl peroxide, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-p-diisopropylbenzene, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-m-diisopropylbenzene, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butylperoxy benzene and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(benzoyl peroxy)hexane, may be mentioned.
• dialkyl peroxide 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroxy peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3-hexyne, tert-butylperoxy maleic acid and tert-butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate may be mentioned.
• the polyamine compound may be a compound in which hydrogen atoms of a aliphatic hydrocarbon are substituted with amino groups, or a compound in which hydrogen atoms of an aromatic hydrocarbon are substituted with amino groups, but a compound in which hydrogen atoms of an aromatic hydrocarbon are substituted with amino groups is preferred, since the effects of the present invention will be better.
• the polyamine compound contains fluorine atoms, whereby the compatibility with the specific fluorinated copolymer will be better, so that it will be possible to obtain a crosslinked rubber article with a smaller compression set under a high temperature.
• polyamine compound hexamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine carbamate, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydoxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane (hereinafter referred to also as "BOAP", another name, bis-aminophenol AF), 2,2-bis(3,4-diaminophenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(3,4-diaminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-(N-phenylamino)phenyl)hexafluoropropane, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, m-phenylenediamine, adipic acid dihydrazide, and a compound represented by the formula (XII) in Japanese Patent No. 5833657
• the content of the crosslinking agent is preferably from 0.3 to 1.0 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.3 to 5 parts by mass, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 3 parts by mass, to 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated copolymer.
• the content of the crosslinking agent is within the above range, the crosslinked rubber article will be excellent in balance of strength and elongation.
• the catalyst is an organotin compound.
• An organotin compound is used from such a viewpoint that the crosslinked rubber article will be better in productivity, heat resistance and chemical resistance.
• the content of the catalyst is preferably from 0.3 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.3 to 5 parts by mass, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 3 parts by mass, to 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated copolymer.
• the content of the catalyst is within the above range, the crosslinked rubber article will be excellent in balance of strength and elongation.
• the fluorinated copolymer composition may contain other components other than those listed above to such an extent that the effects of the invention are not impaired.
• a crosslinking aid e.g. triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate or trimethallyl isocyanurate
• an acid-receiving agent e.g. a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid metal salt, an oxides of a divalent metal (magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, etc.)
• a filler and reinforcing material e.g. carbon black, barium sulfate, calcium metasilicate, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, clay, talc
• a scorch retardant e.g.
• a phenolic hydroxy group-containing compound such as bisphenol A, a quinone such as hydroquinone, an ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer such as 2,4-di(3-isopropylphenyl)-4-methyl-1-pentene), a crown ether (e.g. 18-crown-6), and a mold release agent (e.g. sodium stearate), may be mentioned.
• a quinone such as hydroquinone
• an ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer such as 2,4-di(3-isopropylphenyl)-4-methyl-1-pentene
• a crown ether e.g. 18-crown-6
• a mold release agent e.g. sodium stearate
• the fluorinated copolymer composition may contain a mold release agent, the release agent may bleed out from the surface of the crosslinked rubber article obtained by using the composition, thus causing contamination. Therefore, from the viewpoint of suitability for use as a component (e.g. O-ring) of a semiconductor production equipment, it is preferred that the fluorinated copolymer composition does not substantially contain a mold release agent.
• the total of contents of other components is preferably more than 0 and at most 30 parts by mass, more preferably from 1 to 25 parts by mass, particularly preferably from 5 to 15 parts by mass, to 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated copolymer.
• a method of mixing the above-mentioned respective components a method of mixing the above-mentioned respective components.
• the mixing of the respective components may be carried out by using a mixing device for rubber, such as a roll, a kneader, a Banbury mixer or an extruder.
• the mixture may be molded.
• the molding method of the mixture compression molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, calendar molding, or a method of dissolving the mixture in a solvent and dipping or coating it on a substrate or the like, may be mentioned.
• M H -M L (hereinafter referred to also as "degree of crosslinking") to be measured by the method in Examples, as described later, is mentioned.
• degree of crosslinking the more the crosslinked structure in the crosslinked rubber.
• the degree of crosslinking of the crosslinked rubber is preferably at most 80 dNm, more preferable at most 60 dNm, particularly preferably at most 40 dNm. When the degree of crosslinking of the crosslinked rubber is within the above range, the flexibility of the crosslinked rubber will be excellent.
• the degree of crosslinking of the crosslinked rubber is preferably at least 3 dNm, more preferably at least 5 dNm, particularly preferably at least 10 dNm. When the degree of crosslinking of the crosslinked rubber is within the above range, the compression set of the crosslinked rubber will be excellent.
• the crosslinked rubber article of the present invention is a rubber article having the fluorinated copolymer in the above-described fluorinated copolymer composition crosslinked.
• a method for crosslinking the fluorinated copolymer in the fluorinated copolymer composition a method for crosslinking by heating the fluorinated copolymer composition is preferred.
• the heating conditions are preferably from 100 to 400°C for from 1 second to 24 hours.
• the crosslinked rubber made by heating (primary crosslinking) the fluorinated copolymer composition may further be heated for secondary crosslinking.
• secondary crosslinking it is possible to stabilize or improve the mechanical properties, compression set and other properties of the crosslinked rubber.
• the heating conditions for the secondary crosslinking are preferably from 80 to 350°C for from 30 minutes to 48 hours.
• crosslinking method other than crosslinking the fluorinated copolymer by heating a method of crosslinking the fluorinated copolymer by irradiating the fluorinated copolymer composition with radiation, may be mentioned.
• radiation to be irradiated electron beams and ultraviolet rays may be mentioned.
• the tensile strength (tensile strength at break) of the crosslinked rubber article is preferably from 1 to 50 MPa, particularly preferably from 10 to 35 MPa, from such a viewpoint that the rubber properties will be excellent.
• the 100% modulus (tensile stress at 100% elongation) of the crosslinked rubber article is preferably from 0.2 to 15 MPa, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 9 MPa, from such a viewpoint that the rubber properties will be excellent.
• the tensile elongation (elongation rate at break) of the crosslinked rubber article is preferably from 100 to 1,000%, particularly preferably from 120 to 600%, from such a viewpoint that the rubber properties will be excellent.
• the tensile strength, 100% modulus, and elongation rate at break of the crosslinked rubber article are values to be measured by the methods in accordance with JIS K6251: 2010 (corresponding international standard ISO 37: 2005).
• the hardness (Shore-A) of the crosslinked rubber article is preferably from 65 to 100, more preferably from 68 to 90, particularly preferably from 70 to 85, from such a viewpoint that the rubber properties will be excellent.
• the hardness (Shore-A) of the crosslinked rubber article is a value to be measured by using a plate shaped molded product of the crosslinked rubber article (thickness: 1 mm), using a type A durometer in accordance with JIS K6253-1: 2012.
• the compression set at 250°C of the crosslinked rubber article is preferably at most 65%, and from the viewpoint that the fluorinated copolymer will be well crosslinked and the shape recovery after pressing of the crosslinked rubber article will be excellent, more preferably at most 60%, further preferably at most 50%, particularly preferably at most 40%.
• the lower limit value of the compression set at 250°C of the crosslinked rubber article is preferably 0%, and it is most preferred that the compression set at 250°C of the crosslinked rubber article is 0%.
• the compression set at 250°C of the crosslinked rubber articles is a value to be measured in accordance with JIS K6262 by using a plate shaped molded product of the crosslinked rubber article (thickness: 1 mm).
• the above-described respective physical properties of the crosslinked rubber article may be adjusted, for example, by the production conditions of the above-described fluorinated copolymer (e.g. the order of additions, number of times of additions, and amounts of additions of the respective monomers), the types and contents of the respective components to be contained in the above-described fluorinated copolymer composition, and the production conditions of the crosslinked rubber article (e.g. crosslinking conditions).
• the production conditions of the above-described fluorinated copolymer e.g. the order of additions, number of times of additions, and amounts of additions of the respective monomers
• the types and contents of the respective components to be contained in the above-described fluorinated copolymer composition e.g. crosslinking conditions.
• the crosslinked rubber article is suitable as a material of an O-ring, a sheet, a gasket, an oil seal, a diaphragm or a V-ring, etc. It may also be applied to applications, such as heat-resistant chemical-resistant sealing materials, heat-resistant oil-resistant sealing materials, electric wire coating materials, sealing materials for semiconductor devices, corrosion-resistant rubber paints, sealing materials for urea-resistant greases, etc., rubber paints, adhesive rubbers, hoses, tubes, calendered sheets (rolls), sponges, rubber rolls, members for oil drilling, heat radiation sheets, solution crosslinked materials, rubber sponge, bearing seal (urea resistant grease, etc.), lining (chemical resistant), automotive insulating sheet, insulating sheet for electronic equipment, rubber band for watches, packing for endoscope (amine resistant), bellows hose (processed from calendered sheet), packing/valve for water heater, fender (marine civil engineering, ships), fibers and non-woven fabrics (protective clothing, etc.), sealing materials for substrates, rubber gloves,
• Ex. 1 to Ex. 4 and Ex. 6 are Examples of the present invention
• Ex. 5 is a Reference Example
• Ex. 7 and 8 are Comparative Examples.
• the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Further, the contents of the respective components in the Tables given later, are based on mass, unless otherwise specified.
• the content (mol%) of DVE units to all units of the fluorinated copolymer was calculated based on the amount of DVE used in the production of the fluorinated copolymer (amount of DVE used).
• the filtrate after coagulating the latex after polymerization to remove the fluorinated copolymer and the filtrate remaining after washing the latex were filtered, through a disc filter, to obtain the resulting liquid, which was analyzed by an ion chromatography measurement device (manufactured by Dia Instruments Co. Ltd., a device having a pretreatment apparatus AQF-100 Model for automatic sample combustion device ion chromatograph and an ion chromatograph combined).
• the storage modulus G' of the fluorinated copolymer is an index for the flowability at the time of molding of a crosslinked rubber article.
• the crosslinking properties of the fluorinated copolymer composition were measured by using a crosslinking property measuring instrument (manufactured by Alfa Technologies, Inc., product name "RPA2000”) in accordance with ASTM D5289 under conditions of 177°C for 12 minutes at an amplitude of 3 degrees.
• M H to be measured represents the maximum value of torque
• M L represents the minimum value of torque
• M H -M L represents the degree of crosslinking (unit: dNm).
• the crosslinking properties are an index for the crosslinking reactivity of the fluorinated copolymer, and the larger the value of M H -M L , the better the crosslinking reactivity.
• the specific gravities were measured by using a specific gravity meter (manufactured by Shinko Denshi Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS K6220-1: 2015.
• a tensile testing machine with data processing means (Quick Reader TS-2530, manufactured by Ueshima Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was used.
• Each test was conducted by using three test specimens, and the arithmetic mean value of the measured values of the three test specimens was recorded.
• an automatic hardness tester for rubber (Digitest Shore-A, manufactured by H. Bareiss) was used.
• the test was conducted by using three test specimens, and the arithmetic mean value of the measured values of the three test specimens was recorded.
• the compression set (%) when the test specimen was held at 250°C for 70 hours was measured in accordance with JIS K6262.
• the test was conducted by using three test specimens, and the arithmetic mean value of the measured values of the three test specimens was recorded.
• the thickness of a test specimen of the crosslinked rubber article was measured by a thickness gauge, and then, the test specimen was heated at 300°C for 70 hours under an air atmosphere (heat aging).
• the tensile strength, 100% modulus and tensile elongation after heat aging were measured by using the cooled test specimen under the same conditions as the above described test method.
• the test was conducted by using three test specimens, and the arithmetic mean value of the measured values of the three test specimens was recorded.
• the rate of change before and after the heat aging test was calculated in accordance with the following formula, based on the measured value of the test specimen not subjected to heat aging (normal test value) and the measured value of the test specimen after heat aging (test value after heat aging). The closer the rate of change to 0%, the better the heat resistance.
• Heat aging test change rate (%) 100 ⁇ ⁇ (normal test value) - (test value after heat aging) ⁇ / (normal test value)
• the fluorinated copolymer composition was crosslinked at 180°C for 20 minutes to obtain a crosslinked rubber article (100 mm in length ⁇ 60 mm in width ⁇ 1 mm in thickness). After the crosslinking reaction was completed, air was immediately sprayed to the interface between the crosslinked rubber article and the mold by using an air gun (product name: Cyclone Duster, manufactured by Chuo Kuki Co., Ltd.), and the mold release properties were evaluated in accordance with the following evaluation standards.
• an air gun product name: Cyclone Duster, manufactured by Chuo Kuki Co., Ltd.
• the temperature of the crosslinked article at the time of air injection is considered to be close to 180°C.
• the reactor internal pressure was 0.90 MPa [gauge].
• 40 mL of a 3 mass% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate (APS) was added, to initiate polymerization.
• APS ammonium persulfate
• TFE was injected under pressure, and the reactor internal pressure was raised to 0.90 MPa [gauge]. This operation was repeated, and each time when 119.3 g of TFE was injected under pressure, 3.6 g of 8CNVE, 74 g of PMVE and 3.6 g of 8CNVE, were injected under pressure in this order.
• the latex was added to a 5 mass% aqueous solution of potassium aluminum sulfate to flocculate and separate the fluorinated copolymer.
• the fluorinated copolymer was filtered, washed with ultrapure water, and vacuum dried at 50°C, to obtain white fluorinated copolymer 1.
• the fluorinated copolymer composition 1 was obtained by mixing the respective components in the ratio of 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated copolymer 1, 8 parts by mass of carbon black (manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Seast 9), 3 parts by mass of tetraphenyltin (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 0.1 part by mass of 18-crown-6 (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation), followed by kneading with two rolls.
• TFE was injected under pressure, and the reactor internal pressure was increased to 0.90 MPa [gauge]. This operation was repeated, and each time when 110 g of TFE was injected under pressure, 90 g of PMVE was also injected under pressure. Further, at the time when 30 g of TFE was injected under pressure, 7.0 g of 1,4-diiodoperfluorobutane was injected under pressure into the reactor from an ampoule tube, together with 50 mL of ultrapure water. When the polymerization rate started to decrease, a 3 mass% aqueous solution of APS was optionally added. The total amount of the 3 mass% aqueous solution of APS added after the initiation of polymerization was 45 mL.
• the molar ratio of the respective units in the fluorinated copolymer 8 obtained by flocculating the latex after polymerization with a 5 mass% aqueous solution of potassium aluminum sulfate in accordance with Example 1, was TFE units:PMVE units:C3DVE units 68.5:31.2:0.3. Further, the content of iodine atoms in the fluorinated copolymer 8 was 0.20 mass%, as calculated by an apparatus combining an automatic sample combustion device as a pretreatment device for ion chromatography (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytic Corporation, AQF-100 Model) and an ion chromatograph.
• the filtrate after flocculation of the latex after polymerization and taking out of the fluorinated copolymer and the filtrate remaining after washing the latex were filtered through a disc filter, and the obtained liquid was analyzed by an ion chromatography measurement device, whereby no fluoride ions were detected at a level of at least 3 mass% to the charged amount of C3DVE. Therefore, it was assumed that all the C3DVE used in charging was polymerized, and the content of C3DVE units to all units in the polymer was calculated based on the charged amount of C3DVE.
• the fluorinated copolymer composition 8 was obtained by mixing the respective components in the ratio of 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated copolymer 8, 15 parts by mass of carbon black (Thermax N990 manufactured by cancarb, Inc.), 3 parts by mass of triallyl isocyanurate (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., TAIC WH-60), 1 part by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (manufactured by NOF Corporation, Perhexa 25B) and 1 part by mass of calcium stearate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.), followed by kneading with two rolls.

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