Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
  • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
  • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
  • C01B3/08—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L8/00—Fuels not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
  • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
  • C10L2200/0204—Metals or alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/06—Specifically adapted fuels for fuel cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/38—Applying an electric field or inclusion of electrodes in the apparatus
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

• PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A HYDROGEN-GENERATED FUEL, HYDROGEN-GENERATED FUEL OBTAINED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM FUEL, DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS PRODUCTION, DEVICE OPERATING PROCESS AND HYDROGEN-BASED FUEL OBTAINED BY THE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROCESS.
• the invention relates to the field of hydrogen production and in particular to adaptations allowing it to be used under the best conditions as a fuel.
• the solid state of the metal constitutes a difficulty in the development of such a solution for producing hydrogen.
• the operations of conditioning the elements participating in the reaction, of bringing them into contact with a corrosive medium, the recovery of waste from the reaction, the metal renewal are all phases that are difficult to implement in the context of a power supply, for example, to a vehicle.
• an object of the invention relates to a hydrogen generating fuel.
• the production of this fuel as well as its use for the purpose of producing hydrogen are also objects of the present invention.
• Another object of the invention is the production in-situ and at the time of use of a hydrogen-based fuel or of a mixture of fuel-oxidizer based on hydrogen and use of this fuel or of this fuel-oxidizer mixture in internal and / or external combustion fires and in particular in piston engines, in gas turbines, in jet engines of air vehicles and in rockets.
• This fuel or this fuel-oxidizer mixture can also be used in any combustion fireplace in an industrial or domestic environment.
• Another objective of the invention is to produce hydrogen with a system energy density of up to 4Kwh / Kg.
• the method of manufacturing a hydrogen-generating fuel of the invention is remarkable in that it consists in mixing in a liquid particles of one or more metals corrodible by a basic chemical substance or a substance. acidic chemical for the production of hydrogen, [18] said particles being maintained in suspension in said liquid and the mixture composed of the liquid and said particles being chemically stabilized so as to prevent the chemical reaction between the liquid and said particles.
• the size of the particles of one or more metals is between 0.001 microns and 1000 microns and can be of different sizes, the size preferably being included in one of the following intervals:
• the particle size is chosen depending on whether you want a fast or slow onset reaction.
• said liquid is a mineral liquid or an organic liquid or a mixture of the two.
• An organic liquid is a liquid of an organic chemical nature and a mineral liquid is a liquid of a mineral chemical nature.
• the maintenance of the particles in suspension in the liquid is carried out according to at least one of the following methods:
• the anti-sedimentation chemical substance is a substance that thickens the liquid and is of mineral type and / or of organic type.
• the anti-sedimentation and thickening chemical substance of the liquid is aluminum-magnesium silicate.
• the mixture composed of the liquid and the particles is chemically stabilized so as to prevent or reduce the chemical reaction between the liquid and the particles.
• the particles are encapsulated with chemical substances of inorganic type or of organic type, which substances are non-reactive with the liquid so as to prevent or reduce the chemical reaction between the liquid. liquid and particles.
• the stabilization of the mixture composed of the liquid and the particles is carried out by at least one of the following methods:
• maintaining the pH between 1 and 7 is achieved by adding an acidic substance such as H2S04 or HCl or H3PO4 or C02 or any type of mineral or organic acid.
• an acidic substance such as H2S04 or HCl or H3PO4 or C02 or any type of mineral or organic acid.
• the maintenance of the pH between 7 and 9 is achieved by adding a basic substance of NaOH or KOH type, or sodium silicate or sodium metasilicate or sodium ethanolate.
• a basic substance of NaOH or KOH type, or sodium silicate or sodium metasilicate or sodium ethanolate sodium or potassium ethanolate or lithium ethanolate or sodium methanolate or potassium methanolate or lithium methoxide or any type of inorganic or organic base.
• one or more metals corrodible by an acidic substance or by a basic substance is chosen from the following list:
• the mass percentage of the particles in the liquid is between 1 and 99% and preferably in one of the following ranges:
• the liquid is water and therefore a mineral liquid.
• the liquid is a volatile organic liquid and / or fuel of the methanol or ethanol or butanol or propanol or gasoline or diesel oil type or any type of fuel used in land or air vehicles. or maritime.
• the liquid is a volatile and / or combustible organic liquid, the evaporation temperature (volatilization) of which is between 60 and 100 ° C or between 80 and 150 ° C or between 100 and 200 ° C.
• the liquid contains an antifreeze.
• Another object of the invention relates to hydrogen generating fuel obtained by said manufacturing process.
• the hydrogen generating fuel obtained by the manufacturing process according to all or part of the characteristics described above is remarkable in that it comprises: [75] particles of one or more metals corrodible by a basic chemical substance or an acid chemical substance for the purpose of producing hydrogen,
• This characteristic is particularly advantageous in that it proposes the manufacture of a new fuel consisting of the suspension of a metal in a fluid. This fuel feeds a hydrogen production module ensuring corrosion of said metal in suspension.
• Such a fuel being liquid, can be managed with the technologies already known from conventional fuels.
• Another object of the invention relates to the process for producing hydrogen from the fuel described above.
• the process for producing hydrogen from said fuel is remarkable in that the generation of hydrogen takes place by adding to the fuel one or more chemical substances of acid type or of base type, which acid-like or base-type substance forming a corrosion medium is at a concentration suitable to cause immediate corrosion of particles of one or more metals of the fuel and release of hydrogen.
• This production process implements a corrosion reaction of a first metal in a corrosion medium, said corrosion reaction being catalyzed by an acidic or basic substance contained in the corrosion medium, said metal being conditioned. powder suspended in a fluid.
• the chemical substance of acid type which attacks by corrosion the particles of one or more metals of the fuel corresponds to any type. mineral acid or organic acid or well to a mixture of said types and preferably of H2SO4 or HCl or CO2 type.
• the chemical substance of the base type which attacks by corrosion the particles of one or more metals of the fuel corresponds to any type of mineral base or of organic base or well a mixture of said types. and preferably is of the NaOH, or KOH, or NaH02, or KH02 type or mixture of H2O2 and NaOH or mixture of H2O2 and KOH or of NH40H or mixture of NH40H and NaOH or mixture of NH40H and KOH.
• the chemical substance of acid type or of base type which attacks by corrosion the particles of one or more metals of the fuel is in solution in a liquid of mineral type and / or of organic type or a mixture of said types.
• the chemical substance of acid type or of base type which attacks by corrosion the particles of one or more metals of the fuel is partially dissolved (with the undissolved part in suspension) or is in suspension in a liquid of mineral type or of organic type or a mixture of said types.
• the chemical substance of the acid type or of the base type which attacks by corrosion the particles of one or more metals of the fuel is in complete dissolution in a liquid of mineral or mineral type. organic type or a mixture of said types.
• the chemical substance of acid type or of base type which attacks by corrosion the particles of one or more metals of the fuel is in solution in a liquid at a mass concentration between 1 and 50% and preferably according to one of the following intervals: [89] - between 1 and 20%,
• the liquid in which the chemical substance of the acid type or of the base type which attacks the particles by corrosion is in solution, is water.
• the chemical substance of the acid type or of the base type which attacks the particles by corrosion is contained in a gas.
• the chemical substance of acid type or of base type is in solution or is partially dissolved or is in suspension in an organic liquid or in a mixture of organic liquid and water, which organic liquid is of methanol or ethanol or butanol or propanol or gasoline or diesel type or any type of fuel used in land or air or sea vehicles or mineral liquid of NH40H ammonia type.
• the chemical reaction developed during the generation of hydrogen and during the rise in temperature of the reaction medium during this reaction of hydrogen generation, as well as the by-products obtained. of the reaction cause a partial or total cracking in hydrogen of the organic liquid of methanol or ethanol or butanol or propanol or gasoline or gas oil type or any type of fuel used in land or air or sea vehicles or mineral liquid of NH40H ammonia type.
• the carbon dioxide produced during this cracking is neutralized by the basic substance in the form of carbonate and bicarbonate, which carbonate or bicarbonate remains trapped in the residue of the reaction.
• the chemical substance of acid type or of base type is contained in a gas, which gas is water vapor or air or nitrogen or ammonia (NH3).
• the non-volatile residue of the hydrogen generation reaction contains compounds of the corrodable metal (s) compounds in the form of hydroxide or oxide of these metals which compounds are recycled and regenerated by electrolysis to give again corrodable metals.
• the non-volatile residue of the hydrogen generation reaction contains aluminum hydroxide or alumina, which aluminum hydroxide or which alumina is. recycled and regenerated by electrolysis to restore metallic aluminum.
• said corrosion reaction is activated and catalyzed by galvanic contact of a first metal with a second metal selected so that its standard electrode potential is greater than the standard potential. electrode of the first metal and that of hydrogen,
• the suspending and maintaining in suspension of the metal in the liquid can be achieved by various means of creating turbulence.
• the dissolving of a powdered metal is capable of triggering a reaction which one wishes to avoid at the stage of manufacture of said fuel.
• a reaction which one wishes to avoid at the stage of manufacture of said fuel.
• the mixture of aluminum with a liquid is likely to present an acidic pH which must be adjusted.
• a first metal is in the form of particles or microparticles in suspension in an aqueous medium, which aqueous medium contains one or more chemical agents making it possible to avoid agglomeration and sedimentation of the particles of the first metal, which aqueous medium and which anti-caking and anti-sedimentation agents are chosen so that they do not react chemically or react weakly with the particles of the first metal.
• one or more chemical agents making it possible to prevent the agglomeration and sedimentation of the particles of a first metal are associated with an acid compound if the presence of said agent or agents chemicals make the solution basic or to a basic compound if the presence of said chemical agent (s) makes the solution acidic.
• the goal is to adjust the pH to make the suspension stable.
• an anti-caking agent of magnesium or aluminum silicates which are compounds that make a solution basic.
• One way to prevent the anti-caking agent from reacting with the metal is to combine the solution containing the anti-caking agent with carbon dioxide.
• a first metal is in the form of solid microparticles or of solid particles or of solid powder encapsulated in an envelope of chemical nature of mineral and / or organic type in suspension in a medium.
• aqueous which envelope is impermeable to the aqueous medium and to acidic or basic substance, which envelope is also unreactive or weakly reactive with respect to the aqueous medium.
• the acidic or basic substance of the corrosion medium is in the form of solid microparticles or of solid particles or of microdroplets or of droplets or of microgels encapsulated in an envelope of chemical nature of mineral and / or organic type suspended in an aqueous medium, which envelope is impermeable to the aqueous medium and to the acidic or basic substance, which envelope is also unreactive or weakly reactive with respect to the aqueous medium.
• the acidic or basic substance of the corrosion medium is in the form of solid microparticles or of solid particles or of microdroplets or of droplets or of microgels encapsulated in an envelope of chemical nature of mineral and / or organic type suspended in an aqueous medium, which shell is impermeable to the aqueous medium and to the acidic or basic substance, which shell is also unreactive or weakly reactive with respect to the aqueous medium and which aqueous medium contains one or more chemical agents making it possible to prevent the agglomeration and sedimentation of the encapsulated acidic or basic substance, which aqueous medium and which anti-caking and anti-sedimentation agents are chosen so that they do not react chemically or react weakly with the encapsulation envelope of the acidic or basic substance.
• the release of the encapsulated acidic or basic encapsulated substance or of the first metal encapsulated in the corrosion medium takes place by mechanical rupture of the encapsulation envelope or by thermal rupture. of the encapsulation envelope by increasing the temperature of the corrosion medium. Mechanical failure can be achieved by grinding using a grinding device or means or by mechanical pressure using presses.
• one or more chemical substances of acid type or of base type is found to form a fluid corrosion medium, selected from the following:
• the reaction is activated by galvanic contact of the first metal with a second metal itself in contact with the same corrosion medium and selected so that its redox potential in the standard state is greater than the standard electrode potential of the first metal,
• the second metal M2 plays the role of electron collector and allows, among other things and without limitation, the performance of reactions (3), (4) and (5) and allows partial recycling in situ of the first metal M1.
• the second metal forms the walls of a container in which the corrosion reaction is carried out.
• This second metal can be subjected to an electric current.
• the particle size of the first metal is between 1 and 300 microns.
• the particle size of the first metal is between 300 and 1000 microns.
• the process for producing hydrogen can also be implemented with metals already in the form of granules.
• the second metal is in the form of granules.
• the first and the second metal are in the form of granules, the granules of the first metal have dimensions identical to or smaller than those of the second metal.
• the first and second metals are mixed before contact with one or more chemical substances of the acid type or of the base type.
• a first metal is preconditioned in the form of grains of different particle sizes G1, G2, ...., Gn with G1 ⁇ G2 ⁇ G3 ⁇ . ⁇ Gn and with the mass concentration corresponding to each well-defined particle size.
• the grains of the first metal are in contact with each other and a part of these grains is also in contact with the second metal.
• the grains of the first metal or those of the second metal can be of any shape.
• the method is remarkable in that it consists in enclosing the granules of the first metal in a cage with a porous wall or not made of a second metal with the granules of the first. metal in contact with each other and in contact with the wall of the porous metal cage made up of the second metal, to bring the grains of the first metal to an electrical potential greater than zero volts and less than the electrical potential for the production of oxygen and to connect this cage metal to the positive pole of a direct current electric generator by connecting the negative pole to another plate of second metal, porous or not, which plate is separated from the porous metal cage enclosing the grains of the first metal through the medium of corrosion.
• the process is remarkable in that it consists in activating the production of hydrogen by bringing the first metal to a potential greater than zero volts and less than the production potential of oxygen and the second metal is connected to the positive pole of a direct current electric generator.
• the electrical activation consists in enclosing the grains of the first metal between two electrodes made of second metal with the grains of the first metal in contact with each other and a part of these grains of the second metal. first metal in contact with the electrodes of the second metal.
• Another object of the invention is the device for implementing the process for producing hydrogen from hydrogen-generating fuel comprising:
• the device is remarkable in that it comprises a tank-reactor in which the corrosion reaction is carried out, said tank-reactor being supplied by a metal suspension tank and by a tank in the middle of. corrosion.
• the device making it possible to implement the method with electrical activation comprises:
• the so-called anode electrodes are separated from the so-called cathode electrodes by a three-phase solid, liquid and gaseous electrolyte comprising the first metal which is a solid reactive in the corrosion medium, the liquid of the corrosion medium and the gas produced by the various reactions .
• Such a device ensures the storage of electricity and the production of hydrogen.
• the second metal is preformed in the form of a metal reservoir containing the grains of the first metal and within which the corrosion medium is located or circulates. This mode of activation is independent of electrical activation and is justified by the double corrosion + galvanic reaction.
• the tank made of second metal comprises several vertical fins of the same chemical nature as the second metal and welded to the inner wall of the tank so as to increase the contact surface between the second metal and the corrosion medium and also between the second metal and the grains of the first metal.
• the first metal is selected from the following list: [169] - aluminum,
• the second metal is selected from the following list:
• These metals are less easily attackable metals by chemical reaction with the corrosion medium and capable of forming electrochemical couples with the first metals where the second metal has a standard electrode potential higher than that of the first metal.
• the fluid corrosion medium is water.
• the corrosion medium of the wet gaseous type is wet water vapor.
• said acidic substance is selected from the following list: [187] - C0 2 ,
• said basic substance is selected from the following list:
• the corrosion reaction results in the simultaneous production of hydrogen and oxygen, that is to say, the production of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
• a mixture can be used for the propulsion of vehicles operating in an oxygen-free or oxygen-poor environment. This is the case with submarines, underwater drones, vehicles moving in space, or on comets, asteroids or other planets.
• Such a mixture can be used as a fuel-oxidizer by internal combustion vehicles. This mixture can also be used for combustion in combustion fireplaces, for gas turbines, for the propulsion of airplanes.
• the substance will, in contact with water, release acid or a base which acid or base will attack the first metal to dissolve it and also which will release at the same time another precursor substance of dioxygen, releasing this dioxygen when it is in contact with the first metal or metal ions resulting from the attack of the first metal by the acidic or basic substance.
• the second metal M2 plays the role of electron collector and allows, among other things and without limitation, the performance of reactions (3), (4) and (5) and allows partial recycling in situ of the first metal M1.
• one or more chemical substances of acid type or of base type is in a medium consisting of a mixture of a solution of sodium hydroxide or of potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide and a solution of hydrogen peroxide with the same reactions as before and same advantages and same applications
• the corrosion medium consists of a mixture of a solution of the acidic substance and a solution of hydrogen peroxide.
• the reactions produce water vapor containing hydrogen, which water vapor is cooled and condensed so as to remove the water and the acidic or basic substance.
• the substance of acidic or basic type is a solid substance in the form of flakes or in the form of pellets packaged in dissolution cartridges inside which the medium circulates. corrosion before coming into contact with one or more metals.
• the tank is preformed to have several compartments not communicating with each other in the lower part of the tank and communicating with each other in the upper part of the tank.
• a fluid corrosion medium acidic or basic liquid
• Each compartment has several fins welded to the walls of the tank or to the partitions separating the compartments so as to increase the contact surface between the liquid and the galvanic cathode defined by the second metal and / or so as to increase the contact surface between the galvanic cathode defined by the second metal and the granules of the first metal. In this way the production of hydrogen is increased.
• the production capacity of hydrogen can be increased by operating several compartments at the same time.
• the production capacity of hydrogen can be reduced by reducing the number of compartments in operation.
• Another object of the invention relates to a method of operating a device for producing hydrogen.
• this operating method is remarkable in that it consists in increasing or decreasing the number of operating compartments in order to respectively increase or decrease the production capacity.
• the hydrogen production capacity can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the level of liquid in each compartment.
• the operating method is remarkable in that it consists in increasing or decreasing the level of the fluid corrosion medium in each compartment in order to respectively increase or decrease the capacity of production.
• the method is remarkable in that it operates each compartment one after another or a group of compartments one after another and at time intervals proportional to the duration of the ramp-up of each chemical reaction with the first metal.
• the device is remarkable in that the compartments are independent reservoirs with the same characteristics as the compartments described above but mounted in parallel, the outlets of which are mounted in parallel and joined together. in a single trip.
• the corrosion medium of the wet gas type or of the liquid type passes through the bed of granules of the first metal from top to bottom.
• the corrosion medium of the liquid or wet gas type passes through the bed of granules of the first metal from bottom to top.
• the first granulated metal forms a bed inside the tank, said bed being traversed from bottom to top or from top to bottom by said fluid corrosion medium.
• the water vapor leaving the tank and containing hydrogen is cooled and condensed so as to remove the water and the acidic or basic substance.
• the mass concentration of basic or acidic substance in the corrosion medium is less than or greater than 1% or 2% or 3% or 5% or 10% or 15% or 20 %.
• the potential difference applied to the terminals of the generator. DC current is less than or greater than 0.3v or 0.5v or 0.7v or 0.8v or 1v or 1.2v.
• the first metal is in the form of granules, tubes, small plates or any other form of dimensions with a characteristic width / diameter and length / height.
• the second metal is in the form of grains, tubes, small plates or any other form of dimensions with a characteristic width / diameter and length / height.
• the aluminum alloys are selected from the following designations:
• the granules of the first metal have dimensions identical to or smaller than those of the granules of the second metal.
• the titanium is chosen according to one of the following grades:
• the first and second metals are mixed.
• the method consists beforehand of the electrical activation at:
• the process includes prior to the actual production operation the following operations:
• a second metal of standard positive electrode potential greater than that of hydrogen
• [261] - activate said mixture by reacting it with a fluid or viscous liquid containing an acidic substance or a basic substance with a mass concentration of acid or base greater than 1% or greater than 3% or more than 10%, for a period of between 1 minute and 24 hours, between 1 minute and 1 hour or 1 minute and 2 hours or 1 minutes and 4 hours or 1 minute and 10 hours or 1 minute and 24 hours,
• the step of activating the mixture is optional and not mandatory and the draining step is optional.
• the first metal already exists assembled with the second metal, the transformation then consists of cutting and grinding all of the two metals.
• the assembly of the first and second metal, pre-assembled consists of parts of the fuselage or wings of dismantling aircraft.
• the hydrogen production device is connected directly to a fuel cell so as to produce electric current for the purposes of propelling air vehicles (airplanes, drones).
• air vehicles airplanes, drones
• land vehicles car, bus truck, trains, motorcycles, bicycles
• maritime vehicles tanker boats, etc.
• the hydrogen production device can be connected to one or more fuel cells via one or more buffer tanks, which buffer tank plays the role of hydrogen accumulator.
• the invention also relates to the hydrogen-based fuel obtained by the process for producing hydrogen described above.
• this hydrogen-based fuel is remarkable in that the hydrogen generated also contains water vapor resulting from the vaporization of water by the heat of the activation reaction of the gas. fuel.
• this hydrogen-based fuel is remarkable in that the hydrogen generated also contains water vapor and volatile organic liquid vapors and / or fuel, which water vapors and of volatile organic liquid and / or fuel are obtained from the vaporization of water and volatile organic liquid and / or fuel by the heat of the fuel activation reaction.
• this hydrogen-based fuel is remarkable in that it has the following composition:
• the fuel is obtained by mixing hydrogen and steam in the proportions defined above.
• this hydrogen-based fuel is remarkable in that it has the following composition:
• the concentration of the hydroxide ions can be adjusted by partial neutralization of the hydroxide ions by passing the fuel obtained in a liquid which absorbs or neutralizes the hydroxide ions.
• this hydrogen-based fuel is remarkable in that it has the following composition
• hydrogen, water vapor and oxygen are produced simultaneously during the chemical reaction between a mixture of H202 and NaOH or between a solution of NaH02 or between a suspension of NaH02 in water with a metal ( Al or Fe or Zn or Mg or their alloy), which metal is in the form of powder or in the form of pellets or in the form of flakes or in the form of pieces of plates, tubes or in the form of a suspension of particles in a liquid or in water the proportion of water vapor in the fuel obtained can be adjusted by partial condensation of the water vapor in a direct contact or indirect contact heat exchanger.
• the hydrogen-based fuel is remarkable in that it has the following composition:
• hydroxide ions can be added from a NaOH solution stored on site or produced on site by electrolysis of water.
• the concentration of the hydroxide ions can be adjusted by partial neutralization of the hydroxide ions by passing the fuel obtained in a liquid which absorbs or neutralizes the hydroxide ions.
• Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a first embodiment of a hydrogen production device according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a second embodiment of a hydrogen production device according to the invention.
• Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of a supply and maintenance station for the hydrogen production devices of Figure 1 and Figure 2.
• the device referenced D ensures the production of hydrogen, for example for setting a vehicle in motion (not shown) in accordance with the method of the invention.
• This device D comprises a plurality of containers R.
• R1 is the so-called reactor container defining an internal volume in which the corrosion reaction is carried out, ie where dihydrogen (or dihydrogen and dioxygen) is produced.
• Reactor R1 is supplied:
• a plurality of valves and pumps manage this supply.
• R1 is also connected to a rinsing liquid reservoir R2 for the purpose of cleaning its internal volume.
• the reactor R1 rejects dihydrogen towards the reservoir R6. It is also equipped with an outlet valve V1 and a pipe C1 for withdrawing the reaction residue which connects R1 to another tank R5 which stores the reaction residue.
• Each reservoir R in fact comprises an inlet and an outlet.
• the storage tanks R2, R3, R4 and R5 communicate with the service station providing power and maintenance illustrated in Figure 3 and referenced S as a whole.
• This station includes a service gun 100 managing the connection of four pipes to device D. Each pipe is connected to a station tank RS2, RS3, RS4 and RS5 respectively ensuring the storage:
• Step 1 filling the tanks R3, R3, R4:
• Step 2 filling the R1 hydrogen production tank:
• Step 5 repeat the cycle from step 1.
• Step 6 Draining of the reaction residue storage tank R5:
• step 1 with, in addition, opening of valve V12 at the start of drawing off (opening of valve V12 at the same time as opening of valves V9, V10 and V11) and closing of the valve V12 at the same time as the valves V9, V10, V11 at the end of the withdrawal.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a device D ′ which can also be supplied and maintained by the station S and which differs from the device D only in that the reservoir R1 ′ where the reaction for the production of hydrogen (or of hydrogen and oxygen) breaks down into two reactors:

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• 2020
  • 2020-10-28 WO PCT/FR2020/051945 patent/WO2021084204A1/fr active Search and Examination
  • 2020-10-28 EP EP20811700.2A patent/EP4051630A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-10-28 US US17/772,821 patent/US20230006225A1/en active Pending

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