EP4048844B1 - Rezykliertes textilmaterial - Google Patents

Rezykliertes textilmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4048844B1
EP4048844B1 EP20797074.0A EP20797074A EP4048844B1 EP 4048844 B1 EP4048844 B1 EP 4048844B1 EP 20797074 A EP20797074 A EP 20797074A EP 4048844 B1 EP4048844 B1 EP 4048844B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
textile
matrix
matrix component
casein
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Active
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EP20797074.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4048844A1 (de
EP4048844C0 (de
Inventor
Clarisse MERLET
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Fabbrick
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Individual
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Publication of EP4048844C0 publication Critical patent/EP4048844C0/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E04B2002/0223—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of cylindrical shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates, in general, to the field of insulating, structural and aesthetic materials intended for architecture, design or even construction and/or manufacturing such as subassemblies of frames or furniture.
  • the invention relates more specifically to a recycled textile material having insulating and structural properties and also making it possible to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic effect.
  • Various synthetic insulators are known in the prior art, such as vacuum insulators in the form of an ultra-thin insulating panel composed of a silica nanopowder for interior insulation, polystyrene insulators (expanded polystyrene EPS, extruded polystyrene XPS, polyurethane PUR, polyisocyanurate PIR, phenolics), or so-called "thin” insulators (PMR, IMR, multilayer thin insulators, thin films, thermo-reflective insulators, thin thermo-reflective insulators, radiant barriers, etc.).
  • polystyrene insulators expanded polystyrene EPS, extruded polystyrene XPS, polyurethane PUR, polyisocyanurate PIR, phenolics
  • so-called "thin” insulators PMR, IMR, multilayer thin insulators, thin films, thermo-reflective insulators, thin thermo-re
  • bio-sourced insulation has been developed, based for example on plant wool (straw, cork, wood, cellulose wadding, etc.), animal wool (sheep's wool, duck feathers, etc.), or mineral wool (glass wool or recycled glass, rock wool or cellular glass).
  • plant wool straw, cork, wood, cellulose wadding, etc.
  • animal wool seep's wool, duck feathers, etc.
  • mineral wool glass wool or recycled glass, rock wool or cellular glass.
  • Materials are also known from the prior art which have, in addition to insulating properties, structural properties when used intended for construction in particular. These materials are, for example, single-wall bricks made of terracotta, single-wall blocks made of pumice stone or expanded clay balls, cellular concrete made of natural materials (sand, lime, gypsum, cement, aluminum powder, etc.), bi-material blocks made of cellular concrete and sand-lime, or insulating formwork (lost formwork blocks made of polystyrene into which concrete is poured).
  • the construction sector is, in general, very polluting and consumes a lot of energy. It is therefore necessary to find new ecological and non-polluting materials. In addition, we live in a society of overconsumption, where waste is piling up more and more. It is therefore preferable to find solutions to recover the latter.
  • One aim, in creating a material based on recycled material(s), is to provide a new outlet for recycling this waste.
  • Another aim of the present invention is also to provide a new bio-sourced and non-polluting manufacturing or construction material.
  • Another aim is to propose a new resource in terms of sound and/or thermal insulation in particular.
  • the document FR1011675A discloses a product comprising a fibrous component and a matrix component, in excess before drying, which may include animal glue, casein or other binders.
  • the document WO20110001105A1 discloses a composite product based on natural fibers and a natural binder forming a matrix, the resin representing a maximum of 50% by weight of the composite.
  • FR3030538A1 discloses a product partially made from recycled textile fibers bound with resin.
  • CN101189380A discloses a brick-forming material based on recycled polymer fibers bound by a matrix that can represent up to 60% of the total mass.
  • DE3641466 discloses an insulating material made from recycled textile fibers impregnated with plant-based glue.
  • the invention aims to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing in particular a material making it possible to provide a new outlet for the recycling of textile waste, but also to provide a new bio-sourced, non-polluting manufacturing and/or construction material offering a new resource in terms of insulation.
  • a product is proposed which is intended to be transformed with a view to manufacturing a material intended in particular for construction, the product being defined by claim 1.
  • a "glue” is understood to mean a product of liquid, gelatinous or pasty consistency used to bind parts together by contact.
  • a glue of animal and/or plant origin offers a good alternative bio-sourced binder compared to current solutions for impregnating both the textile of the reinforcing component and, once the product has been transformed, ensuring the cohesion of the assembly and the transfer of forces.
  • Such a binder is therefore particularly advantageous in combination with a textile-based reinforcing component.
  • Textile waste means any material that can be woven or knitted, i.e. a material that can be divided into fibres or threads, regardless of its form. Textile waste appears to be undervalued and is also a major resource, since a French person, for example, throws away an average of 12kg of clothing per year. Such a matrix component therefore offers an advantageous solution for recycling this textile waste.
  • the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. These are proportions where the matrix is said to be wet since these proportions relate to the product before its transformation into a material intended in particular to form a construction element.
  • the glue is of animal origin based on casein.
  • the casein forms a binder for the glue.
  • the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of lime, preferably slaked lime, the predetermined quantity of lime preferably corresponding to approximately one quarter of the mass of casein.
  • the lime makes it possible in particular to make the glue, in particular the glue based on casein, insoluble.
  • This predetermined quantity is calculated from the quantity of casein in its "natural" state. It is understood that if casein is used in another state, for example in a dehydrated state, the lime value should be calculated on the basis of the rehydrated casein, after having mixed with the dehydrated casein, for example, a quantity of water equivalent to approximately three times the mass of dehydrated casein.
  • the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of an antioxidant suitable for glue of animal and/or plant origin, such as borax, for example in the case of a casein-based glue.
  • an antioxidant suitable for glue of animal and/or plant origin, such as borax, for example in the case of a casein-based glue.
  • the antioxidant represents at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the total mass of said matrix component.
  • the borax here plays the role of an antioxidant and makes it possible to prevent the appearance of mold likely to develop once the material obtained from this product is obtained.
  • the textile reinforcement component comprises textile pieces and/or fibers and/or a textile-based powder, preferably arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix.
  • the textile pieces, the fibers and/or the textile powder are obtained from woven and/or knitted textile.
  • the homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcement component in the product ensures a homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained.
  • the textile pieces and/or the fibers and/or the textile-based powder are arranged in all directions. A homogeneous concentration in the matrix component and an arrangement in all directions of the reinforcement component allows an isotropic material to be obtained.
  • the pieces of textile all have a surface area of between 1 mm2 and 225 cm2, preferably between 1 mm2 and 100 cm2.
  • the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to provide increased strength but small enough to be able to be arranged in a mold to allow the manufacture of the material and so that the finish of the material obtained is better.
  • the pieces of textile come from the sole grinding of clothing, that is to say that the clothing or fabrics do not present other preparation steps other than its grinding.
  • buttons or closures are kept with the textile.
  • the powder is formed of grains having a characteristic dimension of less than 2 mm.
  • characteristic dimension is meant the maximum distance separating two points on its surface delimiting its volume. In the case of a perfect grain having the shape of a sphere, this characteristic dimension corresponds to its diameter.
  • the textile is composed of natural fibers, preferably cotton, linen, wool, and/or hemp.
  • Cotton is particularly advantageous for obtaining a material having good insulating characteristics.
  • the textile is recycled textile, i.e. from a first life cycle of a product and the use of the textile in the reinforcement component gives it at least a second life cycle.
  • the textile is composed of frayed fibers, that is to say unraveled thread by thread. What remains is a material returned in substance to its natural state in the same way as cotton.
  • the compression undergone by the product is greater than or equal to 15 tonnes, preferably greater than or equal to approximately 20 tonnes. Greater compression makes it possible to limit the compression time.
  • the prepared product is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said prepared product does not adhere to the support.
  • a second drying phase the prepared product obtained is left to dry on an openwork support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation.
  • ovens or heated molds may be used, but these technical solutions are energy-intensive, the electricity consumption being indeed significant to implement such processes.
  • the step of preparing the matrix component comprises one or more of the steps of: mixing casein with lime in a predetermined amount; adding borax to the mixture of casein and lime, preferably predissolved in water; and then supplementing with a liquid such as water to dilute the mixture.
  • the latter relates to a material intended in particular to form a construction element, according to claim 9.
  • the dry product is understood as the product having undergone the drying step to form the material.
  • Such proportions are particularly advantageous since they make it possible to obtain a material in which the reinforcement based on The material is mainly made up of textiles, and the textile-based reinforcement can also be subsequently recycled. Such a material is therefore an alternative to textile recycling and its recycling is also facilitated.
  • the material is likely to be obtained from the product as described above.
  • the material contains the same elements that constitute it, even if the proportions vary after processing, such as the proportion of the glue which is of animal origin and casein-based, containing at least lime.
  • the invention also relates to a construction element such as a brick, intended to be used in a built or furniture subassembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it is in a single piece or block and comprises a material as described above.
  • the construction element is made of said material.
  • the invention also relates to a built or furniture subassembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements as described above, in one piece and fixed to each other.
  • these construction elements are fixed to each other by means of an adhesive.
  • This adhesive is preferably also an animal and/or vegetable-based adhesive, for example the same adhesive as that used as a binder to form the matrix of the construction elements, possibly with a lower proportion of water so as to make the adhesive more viscous or less diluted.
  • other fixing means may be used such as removable fixing means such as screws, or even by shape cooperation, depending on the geometry of the construction elements.
  • the invention also relates to a device for implementing the manufacturing method as described above, the device being remarkable in that it comprises a chassis comprising a platform for placing at least one mold there, a compression mechanism arranged on one side of the chassis, a compression mechanism arranged on the other ... platform, and a stripping mechanism disposed on another side of the platform, opposite the compression mechanism, the device being configured to be compressed between the compression mechanisms and the stripping mechanism, the stripping mechanism being further configured to eject the product after its compression.
  • the compression mechanism is arranged vertically above the platform and the stripping mechanism is arranged vertically below.
  • a construction element 10 having the shape of a parallelepiped brick.
  • This construction element 10 is made of a material 1 comprising a composite structure comprising, on the one hand, a textile-based reinforcement 2 and, on the other hand, a matrix 3 based on glue of animal and/or plant origin.
  • the matrix 3 has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.
  • the material 1 is manufactured from the product described below which gives it its essential characteristics after transformation by a suitable manufacturing process.
  • the construction element 10 forming the brick is here made of said material 1 and is obtained by successively implementing several steps, one of the first steps of which is to prepare a product, i.e. the starting product, which is intended to be transformed with a view to manufacturing the material 1, which comprises, on the one hand, a reinforcing component, intended to form a reinforcement 2, based on textile and, on the other hand, a matrix component, intended to form a matrix 3, comprising a glue of animal and/or vegetable origin.
  • the building element shown on the figure 1 is in particular a brick 10, intended to be used in a subassembly 100 built or furnished such as a wall or a partition in combination with other bricks 10 of the same nature. These bricks are made of said material and are in one piece so that the manufacture of the material and of the construction element is here concomitant.
  • the textile reinforcement component intended to form the reinforcement 2 can take the form of pieces of textile, fibers and/or a textile-based powder.
  • the use of pieces is preferred to obtain a material with better structural strength.
  • the pieces of textile all have a surface area of between 1 mm2 and 225 cm2, preferably between 1 mm2 and 100 cm2.
  • the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to give increased strength to the material but small enough to be able to be arranged in a mold 210 to allow the manufacture of the material 1 and for the finish of said material 1 obtained to be better.
  • the use of powder is however preferred for applications favoring aesthetics and for which the structural problem is not important.
  • the powder is formed of grains having a characteristic dimension, i.e. a diameter in the case of grains of perfectly spherical shape, less than 2 mm.
  • Such pieces of textiles forming reinforcement 2 are obtained by grinding used clothing so as to recycle them, and preferably only by this grinding.
  • the fact of only grinding the material, and not simply fraying it saves time and technique.
  • the fraying requires in fact a large factory with a large surface machine, using a plurality of different grinding systems one after the other, in order to go from the garment to the increasingly fine grinding until the fraying.
  • a simple grinding allows to reduce the size of the production line and allows to grind the textile in one step.
  • the textile is composed of natural fibers such as cotton, linen, wool, and/or hemp. A majority cotton content may be chosen for these insulating characteristics.
  • the matrix component may include textiles of several types, for example mixing cotton, linen, and wool.
  • the matrix component may also include non-natural fibers such as polyester or viscose fibers. The invention offers a recycling alternative to such materials.
  • this is a matrix component made from glue of animal origin, in particular a casein-based glue.
  • glue of animal origin in particular a casein-based glue.
  • active ingredients of the glue of animal and/or plant origin other than casein, may compose the matrix component and may be used alternatively or in addition.
  • these glues do not provide the same characteristics.
  • the use of wood glue results in a construction element which crumbles and decomposes after drying, which is not desired.
  • the manufacturing process implemented according to the embodiment described below makes it possible to manufacture four bricks 10 at a time. It is therefore necessary to multiply all these ingredients by four. It is also preferred to mix the ingredients in this precise order, namely: the casein with the lime, then add the borax, and finally dilute the matrix component.
  • the textile-based reinforcement component is coated and embedded in said matrix component so that the pieces of textiles forming reinforcement 2 are arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix 3.
  • the homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcement component in the matrix component, and more generally in the product, ensures homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained.
  • the pieces of textile are also arranged in all directions to obtain an isotropic material.
  • the reinforcing component formed by the pieces of textile is mixed with the previously made dose of glue forming matrix component 3, then the mixture is kneaded so that all the fabrics of the reinforcing component are impregnated.
  • glue forming the matrix component must be sufficiently liquid to properly impregnate the fabric, hence the importance of diluting the glue with water, or even in a complementary or alternative manner with glue recovered from the compression step which will be described below.
  • additives may be added to the product in addition to the other components, in particular in the matrix component.
  • These additives may be colour pigments, or any other additive that can give the material manufactured from the product a characteristic for a particular use, for example.
  • the proportions of the components remain generally the same.
  • any variation in the proportions due to the addition of an additive is less than 1%, and preferably 0.5%.
  • additives in suitable proportions may be used as a supplement in the matrix component. These additives must be in sufficiently small quantities so as not to substantially modify the composition of the product.
  • brick 10 as illustrated in the figure 1 comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 807.5g which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionally greater than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately two thirds of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick, i.e. approximately 67%.
  • the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60% and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. After compression and drying this ratio will change.
  • At least one mold 210 is filled with the prepared product.
  • the mold 210 may not be filled with the product. already formed, but in this case it can be filled with the reinforcing component and then the matrix component, or with the matrix component and then the reinforcing component. However, in both cases there is a risk that the reinforcing component will not be sufficiently well impregnated.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment of a device 200 for implementing the manufacturing method, and in particular the compression step, is illustrated in more detail in the Figures 3 to 6 .
  • the device 200 comprises a frame 201 on which a platform 202 is mounted for depositing several molds 210.
  • Four molds 210 are here positioned on the platform 202 and secured together in order to facilitate handling.
  • the molds 210 are made of aluminum and polyoxymethylene (POM).
  • the molds 210 are oriented vertically, that is to say that they each have side walls 211 having a closed contour in a horizontal plane and opening onto an upper end 212 and a lower end 213.
  • Each mold 210 comprises a bottom 214 movable in translation in the mold 210 and guided in a manner adjusted with the side walls 211.
  • the device 200 further comprises an upper compression mechanism 230 disposed vertically above the platform 202, and a stripping mechanism 240 disposed vertically below the platform 202.
  • the stripper mechanism 240 is notably configured to eject the product after its compression by the upper compression mechanism 230 .
  • the device 200 is configured such that the product inside the mold 210 is compressed between the upper compression mechanisms 230 and the stripper mechanism 240.
  • the compression 230 and stripper 240 mechanisms each comprise a cylinder 221, 231 so that the device 200 forms a double-acting press.
  • the two cylinders 221, 231 are aligned along the vertical axis in this example and each directed towards the platform 202, namely a compressor cylinder 221 above, and a stripper cylinder 231 below.
  • the mold 210 remains fixed to the frame 201 of the press via the platform 202, and it is the cylinders 221, 231 which compress together the material forming the product.
  • Each bottom 214 of the molds 210 is pierced, to allow the casein glue forming the excess matrix component to pass through, which then flows into a recovery tank placed under the press (not illustrated here).
  • an upper punch 222 descends while being driven at a distal end of said cylinder, enters the mold 210 and crushes the material at the bottom of the mold 210.
  • the punch 222 Once the punch 222 has completed its compression stroke, the bricks will remain crushed for a predetermined period of about 30 minutes. This will give them a firmer, denser appearance and better defined edges/corners, than if they were compressed and ejected directly.
  • This predetermined period of time may of course vary so as to be adapted to a possible different composition of the desired material or to obtain different properties.
  • the excess matrix component namely casein glue
  • the recovery tank placed under the press to be reused to dilute the glue during product preparation.
  • each of the compression 230 and stripper 240 mechanisms can be actuated by a mechanism actuating mechanism 240 controlled by a gripping arm 241 forming a lever arm.
  • the compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 can be connected to an air compressor or to a hydraulic unit (not shown), in order to automate the compression and/or the ejection.
  • the device 200 is particularly suitable for implementing the manufacturing method described above, and differs from known mechanisms such as presses for raw earth bricks or fired clay bricks. Indeed, textile materials are very absorbent and the casein glue forming the matrix component must be able to escape, here through the holes provided in the bottoms of the molds 210.
  • the stripping mechanism 240 also makes it possible to ensure the ejection of the construction element in a secure manner, the brick being fragile at this stage of the manufacturing, before drying and allows the construction element to be held in place during extraction after the compression step.
  • the upper hydraulic cylinder 221 must be controlled so that the upper punch 222 rises and opens the associated mold 210. Then, using the lower hydraulic cylinder 231 , also of 20 tons, the upper punch 232 rises, and the bricks 10 come out of their mold 210 from the top, passing through the upper open end of the mold 210. The operator then simply has to slide the bricks one by one towards him in order to recover them.
  • each brick 10 is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said material does not adhere to the support. This first phase lasts for example 24 hours.
  • each brick obtained is left to dry on an openwork support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation.
  • a brick 10 is completely dry after approximately two weeks. These durations may vary depending on the desired construction element and its dimensions. Of course, other drying methods may be implemented to improve production.
  • the matrix After drying, a material is obtained such that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.
  • the matrix represents 20% of the filler, 80% of the mass of the product corresponding to the mass of the textile reinforcement component.
  • the shape of the bricks 10 forming building elements may vary, for example to take the form of plates or blocks. Of course the shape of the mold and its orientation may then change to adapt to the shape of the desired brick.
  • the compressed paving stone can be available in different formats. It can be structural, and assembled in a staggered manner, like a traditional brick 10 , to make a wall. The assembly is done dry, without joints.
  • the bricks 10 can be screwed to each other in order to put them in compression.
  • a system with tie rods such as metal tie rods, for example made of steel, which would pass vertically through several bricks, for example connecting a floor to a ceiling in the case of a partition, and spaced a predetermined distance apart so as to be distributed uniformly over the length of the partition, for example every 1 or 2 m in the length of the wall 100 to be made.
  • tie rod system (not shown) makes it possible to make partitions prestressed in compression.
  • Brick 10 or paving stones can also be available in decorative facings (i.e. much thinner plates - non-structural) and glued directly to the surface (concrete, wood, cardboard).
  • the brick In both cases, whether the built subassembly is structural or decorative, the brick also forms a thermal and acoustic insulator.
  • the brick 10 comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400 g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 980 g, which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionally greater than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately 71% of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick 10.
  • the building element has a shape configured to be able to be fixed to another building element 10 of the same shape, this by simple cooperation of shape.
  • the brick 10 of parallelepiped shape has on its upper face 10A tenons 11, here two in number, and on its lower face 10B mortises 12, of complementary geometry of the tenons 11, in identical number, i.e. two.
  • the number of tenons 11 and mortises 12 can vary, as is visible on the Figures 7 to 11 . It can also be designed building elements with only tenons 11 or with only mortises 12.
  • FIGS 7 to 11 illustrate partially exploded perspective views of subassemblies built according to different embodiments of partitions.
  • the bricks 10 are superimposed so that at least one of the tenons 11 of a lower brick 10 cooperates with a mortise 12 of an upper brick.
  • the bricks are superimposed in a vertically offset manner relative to each other.
  • Such a form cooperation offers a simple and removable means of fixing to form the partition, but also economical because the assembly of the bricks 10 to form the built subassembly 100 does not require the use of an additional material.
  • different and complementary means of fixing may be used.
  • the bricks are assembled in a significantly different way, but can of course be complementary: the partitions can be formed of two adjoining partitions, the thickness of which therefore corresponds to the width of two bricks 10 ( figure 7 ), the partition can be significantly arched ( figure 8 ), or present superpositions forming different patterns ( figures 9, 10, 11 )
  • Building elements 10 such as bricks having these characteristics can be used for many purposes.
  • the textile bricks 10 can be assembled by forming subassemblies of frames in order to partition sub-spaces by creating partitions for example. Depending on the characteristics of the material used, this partitioning is not only physical but also acoustic and thermal.
  • the bricks 10 make it possible to partition spaces physically and acoustically.
  • the bricks 10 provided with a textile reinforcement are acoustically insulating, thanks to the cotton.
  • the natural binder used forming the matrix makes them waterproof.
  • the arrangement of the construction elements makes it possible to create, at least locally, sub-assemblies 100 forming openwork partitions to let light pass through ( figure 9 ).
  • Bricks 10, made from recycled clothing, are acoustically insulating, thanks to the cotton.
  • the natural binder used makes them waterproof. They can then be used to build partitions in our homes.
  • the color of the partitions are infinitely variable, depending on the color of the clothes collected. In addition, they can be plain or patterned.
  • an additive can be added to the matrix component such as a pigment.
  • a sorting and selection step of textiles for example collected and recycled clothing, makes it possible to obtain a material with a reinforcement of a predetermined colour.
  • Such a selection and sorting step is particularly advantageous in that it does not require any additional additives, nor the use of a complementary product such as a paint that could also be used to paint the manufactured material.
  • these 10 bricks of recycled clothing can be assembled to create picture rails, benches or armchairs in an exhibition space.
  • the picture rails are made with neutral colours, to highlight the works contained in this space.
  • 10 bricks are removed to create exhibition niches, mainly for small sculptures.
  • Such construction elements can also be used outdoors, for example furniture such as seating on a beach or terrace.
  • the recycled textile bricks forming the building elements 10 can also be used to create 100 custom-made furniture sets, as illustrated in the Figures 12 to 15 .
  • the 10 bricks can adapt to all types of spaces, to create all the necessary furniture.
  • These furniture can be a type of armchair ( figure 12 ), a type of coffee table ( figure 13 ), a stool ( figure 14 ), or even a bench ( figure 15 ).
  • the material according to the invention allows the manufacture of partitions which are more insulating than a standard BA13 type plaster wall, used in most constructions today.
  • the binder i.e. the matrix, or its matrix component
  • the binder is ecological, non-polluting and makes the material more fire-resistant gives it a definite advantage over the known solutions of the prior art, the vast majority of which use resins such as Epoxy resins, an extremely energy-intensive heating system (to melt the material), or chemical additives to make the materials used for the design of construction elements fireproof.
  • the material according to the invention is therefore a 3-in-1 material (structural, insulating and aesthetic) which can be used to make partitions but also furniture, or any other object, the difference mainly residing in the modification of the mold of the device 200.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Produkt, das dafür vorgesehen ist, im Hinblick auf die Fertigung eines Materials, das insbesondere für den Bau vorgesehen ist, umgeformt zu werden, wobei das Produkt eine Verstärkungskomponente, die zum Ausbilden einer Verstärkung vorgesehen ist, auf Textilbasis und eine Matrixkomponente aufweist, die zum Ausbilden einer Matrix vorgesehen ist, umfassend einen Klebstoff tierischen Ursprungs und auf Kaseinbasis, wobei die Matrixkomponente im Verhältnis zu der Masse des Produkts eine Masse darstellt, die größer als die der Verstärkungskomponente ist, wobei das Produkt dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Matrixkomponente mindestens 55 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 % und höchstens 80 %, vorzugsweise höchstens 75 %, der Masse des Produkts darstellt, wobei die Matrixkomponente eine vorbestimmte Menge an Kalk, vorzugsweise Löschkalk, aufweist, wobei die vorbestimmte Menge an Kalk vorzugsweise etwa einem Viertel der Kaseinmasse entspricht.
  2. Produkt nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Matrixkomponente eine vorbestimmte Menge eines Antioxidans, wie etwa Borax, aufweist, wobei das Antioxidans vorzugsweise mindestens 0,3 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 0,5 % und höchstens 3,5 %, vorzugsweise höchstens 1,5 %, der Gesamtmasse der Matrixkomponente darstellt.
  3. Produkt nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die textile Verstärkungskomponente Textilstücke und/oder -fasern und/oder ein Pulver auf Textilbasis umfasst, die vorzugsweise in der Zusammensetzung, die zum Ausbilden der Matrix vorgesehen ist, homogen angeordnet sind.
  4. Produkt nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Textilstücke alle eine Oberfläche zwischen 1 mm2 und 225 cm2, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 mm2 und 100 cm2, vorweisen, wobei die Textilstücke vorzugsweise aus der einzigen Zerkleinerung von Bekleidung stammen.
  5. Produkt nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pulver aus Körnern ausgebildet ist, die eine kennzeichnende Abmessung von weniger als 2 mm vorweisen.
  6. Produkt nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Textil aus Naturfasern, vorzugsweise aus Baumwolle, Leinen, Wolle und/oder Hanf, besteht.
  7. Verfahren zum Fertigen eines Materials (1), das insbesondere für den Bau vorgesehen ist, wobei das Fertigungsverfahren mindestens die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    - Herstellen eines Produkts nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei diese Herstellung vorzugsweise einen Schritt des Herstellens der Matrixkomponente umfasst, umfassend einen Schritt eines Mischens des Klebstoffs tierischen Ursprungs auf Kaseinbasis mit Kalk in einer vorbestimmten Menge und dann einen Schritt eines Beschichtens der Verstärkungskomponente auf Textilbasis mit der Matrixkomponente;
    - Füllen mindestens einer Form mit dem hergestellten Produkt;
    - Komprimieren des in der Form platzierten Produkts; und
    - Trocknen,
    bis ein Material erhalten wird, sodass die Matrix eine Masse vorweist, die mindestens 10 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 15 % und höchstens 30 %, vorzugsweise höchstens 25 %, der Gesamtmasse des Trockenprodukts darstellt.
  8. Fertigungsverfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Herstellens der Matrixkomponente einen oder mehrere Schritte umfasst von: Zugeben von Borax zu der Mischung aus Kasein und Kalk, vorzugsweise zuvor in Wasser gelöst; dann Ergänzen mit einer Flüssigkeit, wie etwa Wasser, um die Mischung zu verdünnen.
  9. Material (1), das insbesondere zum Ausbilden eines Bauelements vorgesehen ist, wobei das Material geeignet ist, um durch das Fertigungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8 erhalten zu werden, wobei das Material eine Verbundstruktur umfasst, die eine Verstärkung (2) auf Textilbasis und eine Matrix (3) auf Basis des Klebstoffs tierischen Ursprungs auf Kaseinbasis aufweist, der eine vorbestimmte Menge Kalk aufweist, wobei die Matrix (2) eine Masse vorweist, die mindestens 10 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 15 % und höchstens 30 %, vorzugsweise höchstens 25 %, der Gesamtmasse des Trockenprodukts darstellt.
  10. Bauelement (10), wie etwa ein Ziegelstein, der dafür vorgesehen ist, in einer gebauten oder bewegbaren Unterbaugruppe (100) verwendet zu werden, wie einer Wand oder einer Trennwand, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einteilig ist und ein Material (1) nach Anspruch 9 umfasst, vorzugsweise wobei das Bauelement aus dem Material besteht.
  11. Gebaute oder bewegbare Unterbaugruppe (100), wie etwa eine Wand oder eine Trennwand, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Vielzahl von Bauelementen (10) nach Anspruch 10 aufweist, die einstückig und aneinander befestigt sind.
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FR1911776A FR3102194B1 (fr) 2019-10-21 2019-10-21 Matériau en textile recyclé
PCT/EP2020/079660 WO2021078815A1 (fr) 2019-10-21 2020-10-21 Materiau en textile recyclé

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EP4048844C0 (de) 2025-01-01
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