Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
  • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
  • A61L9/014—Deodorant compositions containing sorbent material, e.g. activated carbon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
  • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
  • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
  • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
  • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
  • B01J20/28064—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 500-1000 m2/g
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
  • B01J20/28066—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being more than 1000 m2/g
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  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
  • B01J20/28071—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being less than 0.5 ml/g
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/3042—Use of binding agents; addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the produced sorbent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
  • C04B14/022—Carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
  • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
  • C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
  • C04B18/101—Burned rice husks or other burned vegetable material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
  • C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
  • C04B18/167—Recycled materials, i.e. waste materials reused in the production of the same materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
  • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/04—Portland cements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L2209/20—Method-related aspects
  • A61L2209/22—Treatment by sorption, e.g. absorption, adsorption, chemisorption, scrubbing, wet cleaning
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/102—Carbon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01D2253/302—Dimensions
  • B01D2253/306—Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D2253/311—Porosity, e.g. pore volume
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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  • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D—SEPARATION
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  • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
  • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/91—Bacteria; Microorganisms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
  • C04B2103/0078—Sorbent materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the invention belongs to the field of the elimination of polluting gases.
• the invention belongs to the field of materials which absorb polluting gases such as CO2, SO2, NO x and VOCs (volatile organic compounds).
• the present invention relates to a fresh composite or composite paste and a composite material comprising aggregates of recycled concrete, porous carbon, a binder and optionally water, to the manufacturing process of said composite as well as to its use to clean the air (indoor or outdoor).
• the invention also relates to an article (eg noise barrier, tunnel lining, interior decor, street furniture, etc.) comprising the composite according to the invention.
• Global warming also called global warming or climate change, is the phenomenon of increasing average ocean and atmospheric temperatures. The causes of this global warming are now known and it is mainly due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Global warming mainly refers to global warming observed since the beginning of the 20th century.
• the CO2 concentration can be up to 10 times more concentrated than in an open environment.
• the present invention thus relates in the first place to a new fresh composite or composite paste and a new composite material, comprising aggregates of recycled concrete and porous carbon.
• the process for preparing this new material is also simple and inexpensive. They exhibit improved performance compared to existing absorbent materials, particularly in terms of absorption efficiency (speed and amount of gas absorbed).
• the invention thus relates to a fresh composite or composite paste comprising at least one concrete aggregate having a porosity greater than or equal to 12%, carbon porous having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, a binder and optionally water.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise at least one concrete aggregate having a porosity greater than or equal to 12%, porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, a binder and water.
• fresh composite or “composite paste” is understood to mean the heterogeneous paste formed by the mixture of concrete aggregates, porous carbon, binder, optionally water and optionally additives. , adjuvants and / or aggregates, before curing leading to the composite according to the invention.
• Concrete aggregate means concrete residue which may be recycled concrete which has been crushed or crushed in the form of aggregates. It may also contain residues such as, for example, residues or shards of brick, ceramic, glass and other elements (mainly those with a density close to that of concrete) that can be found in certain concrete. According to the article, “Porosity of recycled portion with substitution of recycled manner aggregate - An experimental study” (Cernent and Concriza Research, 32, 2002, 1301-1311), the porosity of a recycled concrete aggregate is generally between 13% to 15%.
• porosity is meant all the voids (pores or spaces) of a solid material.
• the pores can be filled with fluids such as liquids or gases.
• the porosity f of a porous medium A can also be represented by a numerical value defined as the ratio between the total volume of the pores
• V pores and the total volume of the porous medium (Vtotai): yA - Vpores / Vtotal.
• the pores can be intra- or interparticulate.
• the concrete aggregate and the porous carbon have intraparticular spaces.
• the porous carbon there are also interparticle spaces which are generally due to the spaces between the graphene sheets which make up said porous carbon.
• the concrete aggregate can have a porosity greater than or equal to
• the concrete aggregate can consist essentially of recycled concrete.
• Recycled concrete can include residues or chips of brick, ceramic, glass and other elements that can be found in some concrete.
• the concrete aggregate can have an average diameter ranging from 1 to 50 mm, preferably from 1 to 20 and more preferably from 5 to 10 mm.
• the size of the concrete aggregates can vary depending on the intended use of the composite material. Depending on the concrete surface accessible to gas, aggregates of small diameters are generally carbonated faster and saturate more quickly in the short term than large aggregates because the surface accessible to gas is greater than for the latter. Larger diameter aggregates will carbonate more slowly. These different kinetics can be taken into account depending on the different uses of composite materials according to the invention envisioned by those skilled in the art.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise 25 to 45% by mass of concrete aggregates, preferably 30 to 40%.
• porous carbon is understood to mean residues of waste biomass, polymer, mineral carbon or residues from petroleum processes. Porous carbons can thus be obtained by thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of a precursor such as biomass, polymer, mineral carbons or residues from petroleum processes. After pyrolysis, the porosity is generated by a chemical reaction at high temperature with an "activating agent" which can be chosen from the group comprising CO2, H2O, KOH, NaOH and H2PO4.
• an "activating agent” can be chosen from the group comprising CO2, H2O, KOH, NaOH and H2PO4.
• algae biomass
• the porous carbon can consist essentially of carbon. It can have a more or less ordered structure having a large specific surface area and a high degree of porosity.
• the porous carbon can be in the form of powder (with particle sizes ranging from ⁇ m to mm) or of pellets in the composite according to the invention.
• pellet is meant an aggregate resulting from a mixture of a carbon powder and a binder.
• this binder can be a carbon of petroleum or carbon pitch type.
• the porous carbon can have a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, preferably greater than or equal to 0.4 cm 3 / g.
• Micropore means a pore having a diameter of less than 2 nm.
• the porous carbon can have a mesopore volume greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, preferably ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 cm 3 / g.
• the term “mesopore” is understood to mean a pore having a diameter ranging from 2 to 50 nm. They are generally not involved in absorption, but can be useful in the transport of CO2.
• the porous carbon can have a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, preferably greater than or equal to 1 cm 3 / g.
• Micropore means a pore having a diameter greater than 50 nm.
• the powders, particles or porous carbon aggregates can have an average diameter ranging from 1 to 20 mm, preferably from 3 to 15 and more preferably from 5 to 10 mm.
• the size of the particles, or aggregates of porous carbon can vary depending on the intended use of the composite material.
• the porous carbon can be functionalized, preferably at the surface.
• the surface functionalization can be at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, N, S and P.
• the porous carbon can have a specific surface area ranging from 500 and 3000 m 2 / g, preferably from 700 to 2500 m 2 / g, and more preferably from 1500 to 2500 m 2 / g.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise from 1 to 20% by mass of porous carbon, preferably 1 to 10%.
• binder is meant a finely ground material which reacts with water to form a paste which sets and hardens after mixing with water. It can be cement but also polymers, resins or carbon-based materials (pitch).
• the binder is of polymer, resin or carbon-based material (pitch) type, the fresh composite and the composite according to the invention generally do not contain water.
• the binder can be chosen from the group comprising cements, preferably cements of category CEM I (Portland cement), CEM II A or B (compound Portland cement), CEM III A, B or C (cement. of rule-foumeau), CEM IV A or B (pozzolanic cement) or CEM VA or B (compound cement).
• CEM I Portland cement
• CEM II A or B compound Portland cement
• CEM III A, B or C cement. of rule-foumeau
• CEM IV A or B pozzolanic cement
• CEM VA or B compound cement
• the binder can be chosen from the group comprising polymer or copolymer binders, preferably binders of unsaturated polyester type, epoxy, acrylic or vinyl acetate type resins, vinyl esters, phenolic resins, polyurethane resin, polyethylene. , polystyrene, polycarbonate, latex, alkyl copolymers, epoxy, acrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, chlorinated polymer binders and mixtures thereof.
• the binder can be chosen from the group comprising carbon-based binders, preferably binders of carbon pitch or petroleum pitch type.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise 20 to 60% by mass of binder, preferably 30 to 50%.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise from 10 to 25% by mass of water, preferably 15 to 20%.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise:
• porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g,
• the fresh composite according to the invention can have the concrete aggregate / porous carbon volume ratio in the range from 30:70 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can have the ratio of external surface area of concrete aggregate / external surface of porous carbon in a range from 0.5 to 1.5.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can have concrete aggregate / binder mass ratio within a range of 0.6 to 1.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can have a porous carbon / binder mass ratio within a range ranging from 0.03 to 0.1.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can have a concrete aggregate / (binder + water) mass ratio ranging from 0.4 to 0.8.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can have a porous carbon / (binder + water) mass ratio ranging from 0.02 to 0.08.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can further comprise at least one adjuvant and / or one additive.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise from 0 to 2% of at least one adjuvant and / or additive.
• adjuvant or “additive” is understood to mean chemicals usually added during mixing of the concrete and low dosages during preparation (less than 5% of the mass of the concrete). These products offer the possibility of improving certain characteristics of concrete such as its setting time or its tightness.
• the adjuvants and / or additives can be incorporated during the manufacture thereof, more particularly during the mixing of the binder with the concrete aggregates and the porous carbon, in order to improve the properties thereof. properties.
• An adjuvant can act on several parameters: strength, fluidity, setting time, permeability of the composite according to the invention.
• Fluidity it is generally provided by plasticizers and superplasticizers. These products also increase the strength of the composite in the cured state.
• the setting time it can generally be regulated by integrating an accelerator or a setting retarder.
• Permeability This can usually be increased by incorporating an air entrainer, which creates microbubbles in the composite. Conversely, the bulk water repellent limits the penetration of water into the pores and capillaries of the composite.
• Additives are generally considered as admixtures but having a more specific role of lowering the shear threshold to modify the rheological behavior of fresh concrete.
• These can be, for example, superplasticizers.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise one or more adjuvants and / or additives chosen from the group comprising setting accelerators, hardening accelerators, setting retarders, plasticizers, plasticizers reducing water, superplasticizers (thinner or reducing agent), air entrainers, water repellents, pigments or dyes and curing products.
• adjuvants and / or additives chosen from the group comprising setting accelerators, hardening accelerators, setting retarders, plasticizers, plasticizers reducing water, superplasticizers (thinner or reducing agent), air entrainers, water repellents, pigments or dyes and curing products.
• the composite according to the invention can further comprise at least one aggregate.
• aggregate is understood to mean a compound of mineral grains of varying sizes and shapes, the most common of which bear the names of “sand” and “gravel”. They are generally used in the composition of concrete and mortar.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise silica fume, carbon nanotubes (to add mechanical strength), polymers (as superplasticizers to facilitate manufacture and installation), dyes. (for the aesthetic aspect, expanded shale, polystyrene beads or even vegetable fibers.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can comprise:
• porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g,
• the invention also relates to a novel composite material obtained by curing the fresh composite according to the invention.
• the process for preparing these new materials is also simple and inexpensive. They exhibit improved performance compared to existing absorbent materials, particularly in terms of absorption efficiency (speed and amount of gas absorbed).
• the invention also relates to a composite comprising at least one concrete aggregate having a porosity greater than or equal to 12%, porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g. and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, a binder and optionally water.
• the composite can comprise at least one concrete aggregate having a porosity greater than or equal to 12%, porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of greater macropores. or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, a binder and water.
• the composite according to the invention can comprise 25 to 45% by mass of concrete aggregates, preferably 30 to 40%.
• the composite according to the invention can comprise from 1 to 20% by mass of porous carbon, preferably 1 to 10%.
• the composite according to the invention can comprise 20 to 60% by mass of binder, preferably 30 to 50%.
• the composite according to the invention can comprise from 10 to 25% by mass of water, preferably 15 to 20%.
• the fresh composite and the composite according to the invention have the same composition.
• the composite according to the invention generally comprises as much water as the fresh composite, the hardening not being a drying but a crystallization.
• the quantity of water can nevertheless decrease: in particular when certain water molecules have not been in contact with the dry cement, the mixture of water with the dry cement not having been perfectly homogeneous. These water molecules can get trapped and risk evaporating over time.
• this amount is generally low, and the composite according to the invention can have an amount of water up to only 10% lower, compared to the amount of water of the fresh composite according to the invention.
• the composite according to the invention can have the concrete aggregate / porous carbon volume ratio in the range from 30:70 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40.
• the fresh composite according to the invention can have the ratio of external surface area of concrete aggregate / external surface of porous carbon in a range from 0.5 to 1.5.
• the composite according to the invention can have concrete aggregate / binder mass ratio within a range of 0.6 to 1.
• the composite according to the invention can have a porous carbon / binder mass ratio within a range ranging from 0.03 to 0.1.
• the composite according to the invention can have a concrete aggregate / (binder + water) mass ratio ranging from 0.4 to 0.8.
• the composite according to the invention can have a porous carbon / (binder + water) mass ratio ranging from 0.02 to 0.08.
• the composite according to the invention may further comprise at least one adjuvant and / or one additive, preferably in an amount less than or equal to 2%.
• the composite according to the invention can comprise:
• porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g,
• the composite according to the invention can comprise:
• porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g,
• the invention also relates to a use of a composite according to the invention for cleaning the air.
• Air can be air in an indoor or outdoor environment.
• the use of the composite according to the invention can be to absorb polluting gases included in the air.
• the composite according to the invention can thus be used to absorb CO2, SO2, NOx and VOCs.
• NOx is understood to mean nitrogen oxides, which are chemical compounds formed from oxygen and nitrogen.
• VOC volatile organic compound
• VOC volatile organic compound
• anthropogenic origin from refining, evaporation of organic solvents, unburnt, etc.
• VOCs or biogenic VOCs emitted by plants or certain fermentations They may or may not be biodegradable.
• the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a composite according to the invention.
• the method of manufacturing a composite according to the invention can comprise the steps: a) mixture of at least one concrete aggregate having a porosity greater than or equal to
• porous carbon having a volume of micropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g and a volume of macropores greater than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / g, of a binder, optionally water and optionally d additives, adjuvants and / or aggregates, and obtaining a fresh composite; b) molding and curing of the fresh composite obtained in step a); c) demoulding.
• step b) can be the chemical reaction of the polymer, resin or carbon-based material binder to obtain the composite according to the invention.
• the amounts of concrete aggregate, porous carbon, binder, water and optionally additive, adjuvant and / or aggregate in the mixture of step a) are such that defined above.
• step a) further comprises the addition of any adjuvant, additive and / or aggregate.
• step a) can comprise the sub-steps: i) mixing the aggregates of concrete, binder, porous carbon and optional aggregate, ii) homogenization, and iii) optionally adding water optionally comprising at least one adjuvant. and / or additive, preferably gradually.
• step b) of curing can be carried out in molds of desired dimensions. Those skilled in the art will know how to adapt the mold according to the desired end use of the composite.
• step b) can last from 4 to 48 hours, preferably 24 hours.
• the demolding step c) should be carried out less than 24 hours after the start of hardening.
• the hardening can thus continue after step c).
• the duration of the hardening can be shortened or lengthened, in particular depending on the adjuvants and / or additives possibly present in the fresh composite. Those skilled in the art will know how to adapt the duration of step b) as a function of the fresh composite mixture prepared.
• the curing can have a total duration of at least 10 to 30 days, preferably at least 20 days and more preferably at least 27 days.
• the process according to the invention can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 10 to 35 ° C. At higher temperatures, water loss may occur.
• the composite material according to the invention also has the following advantages:
• the porous carbon included in the composite according to the invention is obtained from biomass plant waste, usually intended to provide energy by combustion, in which they are less valued than in the invention and may even entail risks of overexploitation Resource.
• Figure 1 shows a diagram of the manufacturing process of the composite according to the invention.
• Figure 2 represents the CO2 capture capacity for composites 1 and 2.
• FIG. 3 represents the diffusion of CO2 in the matrix of the cementitious material in the composite 2 (a) and the composite 1 (b) after 20 days in an atmosphere of 10,000 ppm of CO2.
• the darker gray areas correspond to the non-carbonated cementitious material.
• Example 1 Synthesis of a composite according to the invention.
• the composite material consists of aggregates of recycled concrete and porous carbon integrated into a cement matrix.
• the process for preparing composites is similar to the conventional method for preparing concrete (see Figure 1). The different stages of the synthesis are:
• Figure 1 of the appendix of a cross section of composite materials shows that the distribution of aggregates in the cement matrix is homogeneous, although they are small pieces (3 X 3 X 2 cm) made at the laboratory scale with manual mixing.
• Example 2 Synthesis of a composite outside the invention.
• the composite material consists of recycled concrete aggregates integrated into a cement matrix.
• the process for preparing composites is similar to the conventional method for preparing concrete (see Ligure 1). The different stages of the synthesis are:
• the fresh composite 2 is obtained (outside the invention).
• Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of composites 1 and 2.
• the composite materials were placed in a CO2 incubator conditioned in a relative humidity of about 63%, an ambient temperature of about 25 ° C and a CO2 concentration with an order of magnitude higher. to what can be found in highly polluted urban areas.
• the concentration of CO2 in the air of a large city like Paris is around 400-450 ppm while it can reach over 1000 ppm when exiting a tunnel on a road.
• the concentration chosen for the "accelerated" CO2 capture experiments was 10,000 ppm, or 10 times more concentrated than at the exit of a tunnel, for example.
• Ligure 2 shows the quantity of CO2 captured for the two composites 1 and 2 (prepared in Examples 1 and 2), as a function of the number of days in the chamber (days of carbonation).
• the composite material according to the invention contains 60% by volume of recycled concrete aggregates (with an average diameter of about 6 mm) and 40% by volume of porous carbon particles (with an average diameter of about 6 mm, obtained from biomass and with a specific surface of 1300 m 2 / g) in a cement matrix (cement type CEM1).
• composite 1 exhibits:

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• 2019
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