EP4045851A1 - Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbrennungseinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbrennungseinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4045851A1 EP4045851A1 EP20797405.6A EP20797405A EP4045851A1 EP 4045851 A1 EP4045851 A1 EP 4045851A1 EP 20797405 A EP20797405 A EP 20797405A EP 4045851 A1 EP4045851 A1 EP 4045851A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- proportion
- fuel
- nitrogen oxides
- carbon monoxide
- target value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
- F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
- F05D2270/083—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases by monitoring combustion conditions
- F05D2270/0831—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases by monitoring combustion conditions indirectly, at the exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/305—Tolerances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/306—Mass flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/311—Air humidity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/313—Air temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/70—Type of control algorithm
- F05D2270/71—Type of control algorithm synthesized, i.e. parameter computed by a mathematical model
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2241/00—Applications
- F23N2241/20—Gas turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
- F23N2900/05001—Measuring CO content in flue gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
- F23N2900/05003—Measuring NOx content in flue gas
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a combustion device, the focus being on achieving minimum performance.
- the gas turbine system comprises a gas turbine with a combustion chamber in which fuel is burned when the gas turbine is in operation.
- the supply of fuel is regulated by a control device using a power reference value.
- a capacity module that can be used to determine the carbon monoxide concentration.
- the power reference value is adjusted as a function of the carbon monoxide concentration.
- the combustion device is operated with the lowest possible power, in particular in order to avoid a standstill.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to enable a lower performance than previously usual, in which the given limit values for the pollutants are complied with.
- the generic method is used to control a combustion process of a combustion device.
- the type of incineration device involved is initially irrelevant.
- At least the method can advantageously be used to control the combustion process in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
- the combustion device comprises at least one combustion chamber and at least one burner is arranged on this.
- the burner By means of the burner, the fuel and the supply air required for the combustion of the fuel can be conveyed into the combustion chamber for combustion.
- a calculation model of the combustion process is stored in the control device. In this case, for a given output, it can be determined on the basis of the stored calculation model whether theoretically the pollutants are within a permissible range.
- a permissible limit value for the proportion of nitrogen oxides is stored in the calculation model of the control device. Furthermore, it is also necessary that a permissible limit value for the proportion of carbon monoxide is set. These two values can be defined as unchangeable variables or it can be provided that an adaptation to local conditions is possible. For example, the permissible limit values can be legal requirements.
- the type and / or quality of the fuel used is known.
- the parameters for this it is possible, on the one hand, for the parameters for this to be entered as a default in the control device.
- the type or quality of the fuel is measured or determined before it is supplied to the combustion device and the result is transmitted to the control device.
- the combustion device has an exhaust air measuring device with which at least the actual proportion of a relevant pollutant in the exhaust air can be recorded.
- the performance of the combustion device can be further reduced until the target value is reached, provided that it is ensured that other limit values are reliably observed.
- the actual proportion of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust air is measured continuously. Based on the known actual proportion of nitrogen oxides, the control device now uses the calculation model to calculate whether a reduction in fuel and thus in power is possible without the proportion of nitrogen oxides exceeding the target value. At the same time, the control device uses the calculation model to determine how far the amount of fuel can be reduced until the proportion of carbon monoxide theoretically reaches the target value. enough. Due to the lack of knowledge about the actual content in the exhaust air, a greater tolerance to the permissible limit value must be observed here.
- the actual proportion of carbon monoxide in the exhaust air is measured continuously.
- the possible reduction in the fuel or the power is now calculated in the control device using the calculation model until the target value for the proportion of carbon monoxide is reached.
- the fuel supply is now reduced with further ongoing monitoring of the actual proportion of nitrogen oxides (in the first method) or carbon monoxide (in the second method) until the calculated minimum fuel amount is reached. If the measured actual proportion of nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide reaches the target value beforehand, the reduction in the fuel supply is then stopped. This results in an assumed minimum fuel supply and thus minimum power in both methods, at which one of the two or both pollutants nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide have reached the target value. It can be reliably assumed that both permissible limit values are complied with.
- a third method combines the first method with the second method, the exhaust air measuring device being able to monitor both the actual content of nitrogen oxides and the actual content of carbon monoxide.
- the control device uses the calculation model to calculate how far the fuel or the power can be reduced until one of the two or both target values is reached in the case of the signal that a minimum power is to be approached. There If both values are recorded continuously, the tolerance for the permissible limit value for both pollutants can be selected to be relatively small.
- the fuel supply or the power is reduced until the previously calculated minimum fuel supply is reached. Should the situation arise in which one of the two measured values for the actual proportion of nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide reaches the target value, the fuel reduction is stopped.
- the calculation of the lowest possible fuel supply is carried out once after the signal to shut down the combustion device to a minimum output has been given.
- the calculation is carried out repeatedly so that a renewed possibility of further lowering the fuel supply or the output - if given - can be used.
- the minimum fuel supply is recalculated at which the target values are not exceeded.
- the fuel supply is increased. If, on the other hand, it is determined on the basis of a new calculation that both target values are not reached, the fuel supply can be reduced again.
- a new calculation can be provided at regular intervals.
- the period of time can be selected in such a way that after a change in the fuel supply and thus the power, the proportion of pollutants which changes as a result has leveled off at an essentially constant value.
- the ongoing measurement of nitrogen oxides and / or carbon monoxide can lead to a new calculation.
- a constant comparison between the measured values and the permissible limit values and / or the target value can be made, with a given absolute or relative difference being reached another calculation to adjust the fuel quantity is initiated. It can be provided here that the difference is selected to be small when the target value is exceeded and, in contrast, the difference is selected to be greater when the target value is not reached.
- the combustion device comprises at least one main burner and at least one secondary burner.
- the type of burner involved is initially irrelevant, it being provided that these have different combustion characteristics. Similar to the use of a single burner or a single burner type, it is necessary that the main burner and the secondary burner can convey fuel and / or supply air into the combustion chamber.
- the expected proportion of carbon monoxide and the expected proportion of nitrogen oxides can be calculated.
- a minimum fuel supply can subsequently be determined as before, in which at least an actual proportion of nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide reaches the target value for a given fuel distribution. Accordingly, as before, the fuel supply can be reduced to the calculated minimum fuel supply.
- an optimal distribution of the fuel is calculated when using a main burner and an auxiliary burner.
- an iterative comparison can be made between the calculated values for the proportion of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide and the target values when the fuel distribution is changed and the amount of fuel is reduced until the smallest possible difference is achieved between the calculated proportion for the pollutants and the target values be made.
- This method is particularly advantageous when the secondary burner is a so-called pilot burner.
- the difference between the proportion of carbon dioxide and the associated target value is greater than the difference between the proportion of nitrogen oxides and the associated target value, it is advantageous if the distribution of the fuel is changed so that the proportion for the main burner is increased and the proportion for the secondary burner is reduced.
- the difference between the proportion of nitrogen oxides and the associated target value is greater than the difference between the proportion of carbon dioxide and the associated target value, so it is advantageous if the distribution of the fuel changes accordingly is that the proportion for the secondary burner is increased and the proportion for the main burner is reduced. If, after calculating an optimal distribution of the fuel quantity between the main burner and the secondary burner, it is calculated that both target values are not reached or, after setting the appropriate fuel quantity, it is determined based on the measurement of the pollutants, the fuel supply can then be further reduced.
- a further improvement of the method, in particular for reducing the necessary tolerances, is achieved if there is a supply air measuring device by means of which at least one property of the supply air can be determined. It is particularly advantageous if the temperature and humidity of the supply air are known in the calculation model. Accordingly, these values can be taken into account when calculating the minimum amount of fuel and the optimal distribution of the fuel.
- calculation model is created using the known calculation bases (e.g. combustion characteristics, properties of the combustion device, type of fuel), with the measured actual proportion of pollutants representing the variable to be calculated.
- known calculation bases e.g. combustion characteristics, properties of the combustion device, type of fuel
- the calculation model can be adapted.
- the calculation parameters are continuously saved together with as many existing status data as possible.
- the status data include the actual status of the combustion device or gas turbine (temperature data, vibration data, etc.), the type and / or quality of the fuel, the temperature and / or humidity of the supply air, the actual proportion of nitrogen oxides and / or carbon monoxide in the exhaust air.
- the calculation model can be adjusted regularly or continuously. be taken. The so-called self-learning methods can be used in a particularly advantageous manner.
- this method is not restricted to one type of fuel. It can also be provided that different fuels are used when the main burner and secondary burner are present. In principle, the method can be used advantageously when the fuel is gaseous.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a combustion device according to the invention Shen;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a possible course of parameters over time when using the method according to the invention.
- a combustion device 01 according to the invention is schematically sketched in FIG. This initially comprises the combustion chamber 02 with the main burner 03 arranged thereon and the secondary burner 04. Fuel 23 and supply air 21 can be fed to the burners 03, 04. Exhaust air 25, d. H. Flue gas emerges from the combustion chamber 02.
- control device 11 in which a calculation model 12 is stored and which in this exemplary embodiment includes a data memory 13.
- Various parameters are transmitted to the control device 11.
- the maximum proportion of nitrogen oxides 16 and the maximum proportion of carbon monoxide 17 are fixedly predefined. This can be the respective permissible limit value or the target value.
- the target value can be calculated by the control device. It is also possible to transmit both the permissible limit value and the respective target value as a specification to the control device 11.
- the type or quality 24 of the fuel 23 is known in the calculation model. For this purpose, it is provided, for example, that this 24 is continuously recorded and transmitted to the control device 11.
- the temperature and the air humidity 22 of the supply air 21 are measured and transmitted to the control device 11.
- the method according to the invention is triggered by a signal for starting a minimum power, for which the control device 11 is transmitted the respectively required target power 15.
- the control device 11 controls a correspondingly associated main valve 05 for controlling the fuel flow to the main burner 03 and a correspondingly associated secondary valve 06 for controlling the fuel flow to the secondary burner 04.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a possible process sequence with various parameters over time.
- the signal to approach a minimum output P soii took place at time TI.
- a minimum power or minimum fuel supply is now calculated in the control device 11 on the basis of the calculation model 12, for which the predetermined limit values for the proportion of nitrogen oxides and the proportion of carbon monoxide is complied with (ie at least one target value is achieved).
- the target value NOx max is specified in the control device.
- the fuel supply and thus the power Pi st is now reduced.
- the reduction in power is generally accompanied by an increase in the proportion of pollutants, ie here the proportion of nitrogen oxides NOxi st and the proportion of carbon monoxide (not shown here) - see time T2.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20157640.2A EP3865773A1 (de) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbrennungseinrichtung |
PCT/EP2020/079142 WO2021164897A1 (de) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-10-16 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbrennungseinrichtung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4045851A1 true EP4045851A1 (de) | 2022-08-24 |
EP4045851B1 EP4045851B1 (de) | 2024-02-28 |
Family
ID=69631435
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20157640.2A Withdrawn EP3865773A1 (de) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbrennungseinrichtung |
EP20797405.6A Active EP4045851B1 (de) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-10-16 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbrennungseinrichtung |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20157640.2A Withdrawn EP3865773A1 (de) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Verfahren zur steuerung einer verbrennungseinrichtung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230046593A1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP3865773A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN115135930A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021164897A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4735052A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1988-04-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas turbine apparatus |
US8417433B2 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-04-09 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Dynamically auto-tuning a gas turbine engine |
ITMI20111941A1 (it) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-04-27 | Ansaldo Energia Spa | Impianto a turbina a gas per la produzione di energia elettrica e metodo per operare detto impianto |
-
2020
- 2020-02-17 EP EP20157640.2A patent/EP3865773A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-10-16 WO PCT/EP2020/079142 patent/WO2021164897A1/de unknown
- 2020-10-16 CN CN202080096776.1A patent/CN115135930A/zh active Pending
- 2020-10-16 US US17/792,049 patent/US20230046593A1/en active Pending
- 2020-10-16 EP EP20797405.6A patent/EP4045851B1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4045851B1 (de) | 2024-02-28 |
US20230046593A1 (en) | 2023-02-16 |
CN115135930A (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
WO2021164897A1 (de) | 2021-08-26 |
EP3865773A1 (de) | 2021-08-18 |
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