EP4042565A1 - Élément de façade et module pv pour un élément de façade - Google Patents

Élément de façade et module pv pour un élément de façade

Info

Publication number
EP4042565A1
EP4042565A1 EP20792550.4A EP20792550A EP4042565A1 EP 4042565 A1 EP4042565 A1 EP 4042565A1 EP 20792550 A EP20792550 A EP 20792550A EP 4042565 A1 EP4042565 A1 EP 4042565A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
modules
facade element
cells
busbars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20792550.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bas Cedric VAN DER WIEL
Marina Britvec
Pavel Schilinsky
Hafis Hermann Issa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ASCA GmbH
Original Assignee
ASCA GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASCA GmbH filed Critical ASCA GmbH
Publication of EP4042565A1 publication Critical patent/EP4042565A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
    • H01L31/0201—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules comprising specially adapted module bus-bar structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2476—Solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a facade element and a PV module for such a facade element.
  • a facade element is typically used to form a facade on a building and accordingly represents a part of the facade on the finished building.
  • the facade element is, for example, a wall element or a roofing element.
  • a facade element can be mounted both in the interior of a building and on the outside of the building.
  • PV modules i.e. photovoltaic modules
  • a PV module generally has an active layer which is arranged between two electrodes. Light is absorbed in the active layer and a current is generated as a result, which can be discharged via two connections.
  • PV modules can be integrated into building facades in order to use the outside area of the building to generate energy. The PV modules are attached to individual facade elements, which are then mounted on the building.
  • DE 102017214347 A1 describes a facade element in which several PV modules are laminated between two surface elements.
  • the PV modules are electrically connected to one another by means of respective contact elements.
  • the PV modules can be connected to one another in parallel or in series, or a combination thereof.
  • the concrete interconnection of several PV modules to form a PV system is subject to various boundary conditions.
  • boundary conditions are, for example, electrical requirements with regard to current and voltage of the PV system, space restrictions and design aspects. Design aspects are of particular importance here, since facade elements are typically visible and should therefore have a certain impression, ie visual appearance.
  • the boundary conditions are also often different from building to building, so that the requirements sometimes change.
  • facade element with the features according to claim 1 and by a PV module with the features according to claim 17.
  • Advantageous configurations, developments and variants are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the explanations for the facade element apply accordingly to the PV module and vice versa.
  • the facade element is used in particular to form a facade on a building and accordingly represents a part of the facade in the assembled state on the finished building.
  • the facade element is, for example, a wall element or a roofing element.
  • the facade element can be mounted in the interior of a building or on the outside of the building.
  • the facade element has several PV modules, i.e. photovoltaic modules, for converting light into electrical energy.
  • the facade element has at least two PV modules, but typically 10 to 100 PV modules.
  • the number of PV modules is not restricted per se, however, and depends on the intended use and the size of the facade element and, in particular, on the respective size of the PV modules.
  • the PV modules are preferably organic PV modules, or OPV modules for short, which are characterized on the one hand by a particular flexibility with regard to their design and, on the other hand, by a particular mechanical flexibility.
  • the shape of OPV modules and thus their external appearance are particularly freely configurable and can therefore be adapted to a specific application or user request.
  • the freedom of design also enables adaptation to specific electrical requirements with regard to the current and voltage of the PV module.
  • the PV modules are arranged flat so that each PV module is adjacent to one or more other PV modules.
  • the PV modules are usually arranged flat in a common plane.
  • a planar arrangement is also possible and suitable, however, in which the PV modules are planarly arranged along a curved, arched, curved or otherwise shaped surface.
  • the facade element has several connectors.
  • a respective PV module has two busbars which are connected to one or more cells of the PV module.
  • the cells are formed by an active layer in conjunction with two electrodes.
  • the active layer and the electrodes are structured accordingly in order to form a plurality of cells.
  • the cells are electrically connected to one another via suitable through-contacts (so-called interconnects).
  • interconnects suitable through-contacts
  • the cells form a cell array which additionally has at least two connection points via which the cells are connected to the bus bars.
  • the bus bars then each form a pole of the PV module, for Abgrei fen of electricity, generally of electrical energy, which is generated by the cells.
  • the busbars of two neighboring PV modules are electrically connected to one another and connected in parallel with one another.
  • a respective connector connects the two respective busbars of the PV Modules in pairs with one another so that two electrical connections are formed for the two poles.
  • the collecting lines of two adjacent PV modules are electrically connected to one another and connected in parallel with one another, so that the busbars with the connectors form a power network in which current is preferably routed through neighboring PV modules one after the other. This means that the current is led one after the other through the busbars of neighboring PV modules, but not necessarily through the cells of the PV modules.
  • the current is suitably led in sequence, in particular alternately through the connector and the busbar to a respective PV module and from there in parallel through the cells of the various PV Modules.
  • a single connector is electrically connected exclusively to PV modules, ie not to other connectors, but rather a single connector is only indirectly connected to other connectors via the busbars of the PV modules.
  • a serial connection of several PV modules is preferably dispensed with, so that a pure parallel connection is implemented.
  • the connectors only connect PV modules that are directly adjacent to one another and do not serve to bridge or bypass a PV module that is located between two PV modules to be connected.
  • the power grid multiple power paths are formed in that the power is alternately routed through the busbars and the connectors. Due to the planar arrangement, the power grid is also branched, ie the arrangement of the PV modules in two dimensions leads to the formation of several power paths in different directions. Overall, a network or grid of PV modules is thus implemented and thus a power network in which a respective PV module is only connected to its directly adjacent PV modules. In particular, the electricity is not only conducted along a simple chain of PV modules, but rather two-dimensionally, so to speak, through a power grid in which the individual PV modules each form a connection point for several power paths.
  • Each PV module thus represents a distributor for the electricity, also known as a “junction box”, for distributing and forwarding the electricity to the neighboring PV modules.
  • a distributor for the electricity also known as a “junction box”
  • the specific geometry of the PV modules and especially the busbar and the Cells advantageously largely freely selectable in order to implement such a distribution function.
  • All PV modules are connected to one another through the interaction of the busbars with the connectors. Accordingly, the connectors are particularly short and typically significantly shorter than a respective PV module, since a respective connector only bridges the distance between the bus bars of two neighboring PV modules. This avoids an accumulation of excessively long cables for connecting the PV modules in parallel. More distant PV modules are only indirectly connected via the intermediate PV modules.
  • the power grid is therefore also decentralized, because each PV module distributes the electricity in the manner of a distributor or a junction box to the neighboring PV modules, which in turn distribute the electricity to neighboring PV modules in the same way. Nevertheless, all PV modules are connected in parallel.
  • the facade element preferably has a central connection which is connected to the power grid and thus to the PV modules and which is arranged in the center of the facade element, so that overall the shortest possible current paths are achieved.
  • the invention is initially based on the observation that several PV modules can in principle be connected to one another in series or in parallel, or a combination thereof. Both serial and parallel connections have specific advantages and disadvantages.
  • a core idea of the invention consists in particular in the special design and arrangement of the busbars of a respective PV module and in their interaction with the connectors that electrically connect the busbars adjacent ter PV modules and in this way form a power grid in which the PV modules are interconnected in parallel and at the same time as Distributors for the electricity act.
  • This has various advantages.
  • the special interconnection results in a distribution of the current from a respective PV module to neighboring PV modules and thus a branched power network with advantageously redundant current paths, so that failure of an individual PV module is less problematic than, for example, a serial one Interconnection.
  • PV modules of different sizes generate different amounts of electricity and are therefore not very suitable for series connection.
  • the arrangement of the PV modules is therefore particularly flexible and enables a particularly high degree of design freedom when designing the facade element.
  • a respective connector connects the two bus bars of a PV module with the two bus bars of an adjacent PV module. Any joint that may be present between the PV modules is bridged. However, further distances are in particular not bridged, so a connector is only used to connect directly adjacent PV modules.
  • a connector thus has a length which is at least less than the width of a PV module and preferably only a few centimeters, for example 1 cm to 5 cm. Depending on the spacing and arrangement of the PV modules, however, longer connectors are also conceivable and suitable, for example for bridging larger distances between two adjacent PV modules.
  • a respective connector is designed two-pole lig and accordingly has two conductors, one for each of the two polarities of the busbars.
  • the connector is either formed in one piece, ie Both conductors are combined or in several parts, so that the two connections are independent of each other.
  • a connector has two cables or two metal strips or metal rails. Basically, it is sufficient if two neighboring PV modules are connected via a single connector.
  • an embodiment is also suitable in which two adjacent PV modules are connected multiple times, ie redundantly, by means of several connectors. This creates additional power paths and the power grid is further branched out. In particular, this also reduces the effective resistance on the way from a PV module to a central connection.
  • the busbars have poorer conductivity than the connectors due to their manufacture, so that additional connectors are correspondingly advantageous.
  • the mechanical coupling of the PV modules is also more robust, which is particularly advantageous in the manufacture of the facade element when the PV modules are not yet held by a common carrier layer.
  • the two busbars of a PV module are each preferably designed as elongated conductor tracks or as a conductor track network with several elongated sections.
  • a respective busbar is also referred to using the English term "busbar".
  • the bus bars of a respective PV module run next to one another, ie in two lanes as a double bar.
  • the two bus bars preferably also run parallel to one another.
  • the two bus bars do not necessarily follow a straight course, but are preferably designed to be kinked or bent in order to follow the correspondingly running edge area.
  • a straight course is also suitable depending on the application.
  • a correspondingly small distance is formed between the two busbars, which in a suitable embodiment is in the range from 0.5 mm to 2 mm and typically 1 mm.
  • the distance results in particular from a misregistration (so-called registration error) during the manufacture of the PV module and the formation of the two busbars.
  • the busbars are first formed in particular to be coherent and then from each other by means of a laser Cut. The distance between the busbars then results as a double coverage deviation. Both busbars are preferably completely covered by the active layer.
  • An embodiment is particularly preferred in which the bus bars run next to one another and along an edge region of the PV module, so that one of the two bus bars is an inner bus bar and the other of the two bus bars is an outer bus bar.
  • the bus bars do not necessarily run along the entire edge area, but expediently along several sides of the PV module so that it can be connected to other PV modules in different directions.
  • the PV modules can be connected in a particularly flexible manner and the facade element has a high degree of design freedom.
  • both busbars are routed next to one another, ie as edge conductors.
  • a respective PV module is divided into an inner area and an edge area.
  • the cells are only arranged in the inner area and do not extend into the edge area.
  • the edge area forms an outer edge of the PV module towards the outside. Towards the inside, the edge area adjoins the interior area and surrounds it.
  • the two busbars are in particular arranged completely in the edge area and thus between the outer edge on the one hand and the cells on the other hand.
  • the outer busbar runs between the outer edge and the inner busbar, the inner busbar accordingly runs between the outer busbar and the cells.
  • the active layer is in particular not limited to the inside area, but extends expediently ßigerweise for the aesthetic and optically uniform design of the PV module into the edge area and then possibly overlaps with the Sam melle ladders.
  • at least one of the bus bars preferably both bus bars, is designed as a closed conductor loop in a respective PV module.
  • the busbar then completely surrounds the interior area and the cells and encloses them. This configuration is particularly flexible with regard to the possible connections, since the PV module now enables a connection on all sides.
  • the busbar expediently follows the outer contour of the PV module, so that in the case of a square PV module the busbar runs correspondingly square, possibly with rounded corners or even circular.
  • both busbars are designed as conductor loops, they preferably run concentrically. Both collective conductors of a PV module are each electrically connected to the cells via at least one connection point.
  • a busbar which is designed as a conductor loop, has the special advantage that the current path from a connector to the cells always corresponds at most to half a turn around the cells. Starting from the connector, there are always two possible current paths to the connection point, from which the current follows the one with the lowest resistance, so that electrical losses are minimized. In the case of an interrupted busbar, on the other hand, the current path is clearly specified.
  • the inner busbar basically stands in the way of the outer busbar when contacting the cells.
  • the outer busbar There are various options for making contact between the outer busbar and the cells in the inner area. Some suitable configurations are mentioned below.
  • the inner busbar is interrupted from the outer busbar for contacting the cells in a respective PV module.
  • the inner busbar is therefore not designed as a closed conductor loop, but suitably has two arms which, starting from the connection point for the cells, extend around them to a passage for the outer busbar.
  • the inner busbar is preferably only interrupted locally and thus as an interrupted conductor loop formed, which completely encloses the cells with the exception of the passage.
  • the outer busbar has a branch that runs through the passage to the inner area and is connected to the cells there.
  • This configuration is particularly simple to manufacture, but has the disadvantage that the inner busbar is interrupted. This disadvantage is preferably compensated for in that the inner busbar is interrupted on that side of the PV module which is opposite the connection point at which the inner busbar is connected to the cells. As a result, both arms of the inner busbar are the same or at least similarly long.
  • the outer busbar is connected to the cells in a respective PV module by means of a bridge which bridges the inner busbar.
  • the inner busbar then does not have to be interrupted, but is advantageously designed as a closed conductor loop.
  • the bridge is a simple piece of ladder, e.g. analogous to the branching of the outer busbar described above with an interrupted inner busbar, with the difference that the branch is now passed over or under the inner busbar.
  • an insulating material is expediently arranged between the branch and the inner busbar in order to prevent a short circuit.
  • the bridge is formed by one of the connectors, which connects the outer busbar, which is on the outside of the inner Sammellei age, with a contact section which is on the inside of the inner busbar, ie on the opposite side. Accordingly, a contact section which is connected to the cells is arranged on the side of the inner busbar opposite the outer busbar.
  • the contact section corresponds to the connection point to the cells; in another embodiment, the contact section is a separate conductor which leads to the connection point and preferably runs next to the inner busbar.
  • the bridge has a diode to determine the direction of current through the cells. This avoids negative effects in the event of a PV module failure or shadowing.
  • the arrangement of a diode along a busbar itself is not easily possible, since the current flows through the busbar in one or the other direction, depending on the connection. However, the current should always flow in the same direction along the bridge, so the arrangement of a diode is advantageous here.
  • an embodiment is also possible and suitable in which the diode is part of a connector and is connected there between the outer busbar and the contact section.
  • the two busbars are arranged as the inner and outer busbars in a border area
  • the bus bars do not necessarily run in the edge area, but rather run in a suitable variant through the PV module and thereby subdivide the cell array into several cell sectors that are not directly connected to one another, but only indirectly via the bus bars.
  • the two bus bars run side by side and each in a cross shape through a center of the PV module.
  • the two bus bars bridge each other. Accordingly, the cell array is divided into four cell sectors, i.e. quadrants. Each cell sector is also connected to the two bus bars, preferably in such a way that all cells of a respective cell sector are connected to one another in series.
  • the bus bars preferably run at least partially in an edge area of the PV module, so that the busbars are particularly easily accessible from the side for the connector.
  • the connectors are preferably connected in the edge area.
  • a respective PV module is polygonal and has an outer edge with several sides.
  • Each busbar then preferably has a connection point for a respective connector on each side.
  • several connection points per busbar and side are advantageous.
  • a respective PV module has two conductive layers as electrodes, which are encapsulated together with an active layer between two barrier layers.
  • the active layer and the two electrodes are not necessarily each individual layers, but are typically themselves composed of several layers.
  • the active layer has a semiconductor material to generate charge carriers, which then migrate to the electrodes and result in a corresponding current.
  • the entire layer structure of the active layer and electrodes is encapsulated between two barrier layers to protect against environmental influences.
  • the barrier layers form an outer shell of the PV module.
  • the active layer and the electrodes are preferably laminated between the barrier layers.
  • the barrier layers are then also referred to as primary laminate.
  • the barrier layers preferably consist of a transparent plastic, for example PET. In particular, the barrier layers form a completely encircling packaging edge, so that the PV module is also closed off at the side.
  • the barrier layers determine a total area of the PV module, the active layer forms a partial area of the total area.
  • the barrier layers are typically transparent, while the active layer absorbs at least some of the incident light and thereby stands out optically from areas without an active layer.
  • two areas are formed, namely an absorbent area, which corresponds to the partial area, ie the active layer, and a transparent area, in particular the packaging edge, which makes up the difference corresponds to the total area and the partial area and in particular completely surrounds the absorbent area.
  • the two bus bars are also arranged between the two barrier layers of a respective PV module, so that they are integrated into the PV module. This significantly simplifies the production of the PV module and accordingly also the production of the Fassadenele element. Instead of subsequently attaching the bus bars as separate components to the PV module, they are integrated into the PV module during manufacture.
  • the bus bars of a respective PV module are preferably produced together with one of the electrodes, namely by printing a conductive material.
  • This configuration is based on the consideration that suitable bus bars can also be made from the material that is used to manufacture the electrode.
  • One of the electrodes in particular the so-called top electrode, is suitably printed on as a so-called grid electrode.
  • a conductive ink containing conductive particles, e.g. silver is used as the conductive material.
  • the bus bars are now also printed, i.e. in the layer structure of the PV module they are also in the same layer as the electrode.
  • the production of the busbars is particularly easy because there is no additional process step. It is expedient to dispense with additional metal strips or even cables.
  • all busbars and, if necessary, all additional conductors for connecting the cells to the busbars are integrated into the PV module, so that a respective PV module represents, so to speak, a complete and complete component that is used in the Production of the facade element is simply connected to other PV modules by means of Ver binders.
  • a single PV module then represents a complete and fully functional smallest building unit. All cells, busbars, connection points and contact points of an individual PV module are electrical for this purpose, in particular within this module connected.
  • External conductors that is to say in particular layers of conductors outside the barrier, for connecting different parts of an individual PV module are preferably dispensed with. External conductors are preferably used at most in the form already described as part of a connector.
  • a printed conductor i.e. also a printed busbar
  • this disadvantage is compensated for by the branched power grid and the large number of possible power paths within the facade element and that a justifiable loss arises due to the electrical resistance of the busbars. It was determined in simulations that the electrical loss due to printed busbars is only 5% to 10%.
  • the bus bars are integrated into a respective PV module, the bus bars are covered by the barrier layers.
  • one of the barrier layers has a contact hole through which one of the busbars is accessible.
  • a respective contact hole thus exposes a connection point for a connector on a busbar.
  • the contact hole is cut into the barrier layer when the PV module is manufactured, for example by means of a laser. This can be easily integrated into the manufacturing process and preferably also integrated, especially since the barrier layers are often cut to size with a laser anyway.
  • the contact hole is formed circular for example, with a diameter which corresponds to a maximum paint width of the busbar.
  • a respective busbar is preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm wide, for example 2 mm wide.
  • each bus bar there are correspondingly at least two contact holes, namely one for each bus bar.
  • several contact holes are preferably formed for each busbar, expediently at least one contact hole on each side of the PV module.
  • the contact holes are arranged centrally in the edge region of a respective PV module, the two contact holes for the different poles being offset relative to one another. In principle, however, other arrangements of the contact holes are also conceivable and suitable, depending on the design of the PV modules.
  • a single contact hole is designed, for example, as an elongated hole and extends over both busbars, so that a single contact hole exposes two connection points.
  • a respective connector is advantageously designed in such a way that when it is connected to a PV module, it breaks through a barrier layer in the area of one of the two busbars in order to contact it.
  • the connector is designed, for example, as a crimp and has one or more teeth or spikes which, when pressed against the PV module, pierce the barrier layer and then establish electrical contact with the busbar below.
  • the configuration with the connector which breaks through the barrier layer for contacting, can basically also be combined with a PV module with contact holes, so that on the one hand certain positions are prepared and specified for the connectors, especially connectors without teeth or spikes, and on the other hand also special ones Connectors for contacting apart from these positions are ver usable.
  • a respective PV module In principle, it is possible for a respective PV module to have only a single cell. However, the resulting voltage is then correspondingly low, so that a respective PV module preferably has several cells which are connected to one another in series so that a correspondingly high voltage results.
  • a particularly simple shape for the cells is a strip shape, so that all cells of a PV module are then strip-shaped and are arranged next to one another in parallel, so that a current path from one side of the cells to the other results.
  • Two neighboring cells are each connected by means of a through-hole connection in order to implement a series connection.
  • all cells of a respective PV module are connected to one another in series in such a way that a meander-shaped current path is formed.
  • the cells are therefore not arranged next to one another in the form of strips, but rather are arranged in a matrix-like manner, namely in a two-dimensional cell array.
  • several columns are formed in which the cells are each connected in series.
  • the columns are then mutually connected at their ends, so that a meander-shaped interconnection results in which all cells are connected in series. This minimizes dead space and increases the area that can be used for energy generation.
  • the statements apply analogously to PV modules with several cell sectors, so that all cells in each cell sector are then connected to one another in series, preferably in a meandering manner.
  • a suitable voltage is achieved in a particular PV module by connecting 50 to 100 cells in series. A voltage in the range from 25 V to 120 V is thus preferably generated. However, depending on the application, other numbers of cells are also suitable. Regardless of the number of cells, all cells of a PV module are preferably of the same size, so that all cells generate the same current, which is advantageous in a series connection. Depending on the dimensions of the PV module, the size of an individual cell is possibly very small, but this is not disadvantageous because, due to the parallel connection of several PV modules, their currents add up. In a suitable design, a single cell has a size in the range of 0.3 cm 2 to 4 cm 2 , depending on the size of the PV module.
  • the size of the cells is expediently selected in such a way that the highest possible voltage results.
  • the size of a respective PV module is, for example, in the range from 40 cm 2 to 400 cm 2 or even up to 1400 cm 2 .
  • the size of an individual cell scales with the size of the PV module and is proportional to it. This is particularly the case with PV modules of different sizes for a specified system voltage of the facade element.
  • the facade element has several different types of PV modules which are of different sizes.
  • the various types therefore differ in their size, i.e. their physical dimensions.
  • at least two types differ in that they have different areas, so that the size of the cells also differs accordingly and the PV modules generate different currents.
  • the number of cells is preferably the same, so that the different types have the same voltage and can be connected to one another in parallel without any problems.
  • the connectors follow the grid dimension, so that the connectors are distributed at regular intervals over the entire areal arrangement of the PV modules are and then, if necessary, correspondingly large PV modules are connected several times via several connectors with a correspondingly large, neighboring PV module.
  • the PV modules are preferably each designed to be polygonal and arranged in the manner of tiles.
  • the PV modules are each rectangular and accordingly have four corners.
  • An embodiment is particularly useful in which the grid dimension has a square as the base unit, so that the PV modules are then correspondingly rectangles or even squares, the area of which corresponds to an integral multiple of the base unit.
  • the PV modules can be arranged in a visually appealing manner in the manner of a brick wall or a tiled area, which is also the case in a preferred embodiment.
  • the visual appearance of a respective PV module is advantageously generated by a corresponding design of the individual elements of a respective PV module, so that a specific design also results for the facade element as a whole.
  • the active layer of a respective PV module is designed in such a way that an irregular contour results, preferably a brick look. This is based on the consideration that the barrier layers are usually transparent, but the active layer and the bus bars are not, so that the overall appearance of an individual PV module and the facade element is largely determined by the shape of the active layer.
  • the busbars are also suitable for visual design. Therefore, the active layer or the bus bars or both are preferably used for the design.
  • the busbars follow a course that simulates a corresponding contour of the active layer, so that the active layer is framed by the busbar, as it were.
  • An uneven, winding course is particularly suitable, so that the result is a brick look in which the active layer and the bus bars then represent a brick and which are produced by the barrier layers. te spacing between neighboring PV modules the appropriate mortar between the bricks.
  • the busbars are completely covered by the active layer, the busbars are typically only visible from one side, preferably a rear side, which is not visible when the facade element is installed as intended, but faces a mounting surface so that only one front side is visible whose appearance is largely shaped by the active layer.
  • the facade element itself is expediently a laminate in which the PV modules are laminated together between two layers.
  • the PV modules are enclosed together between a front side and a rear side of a secondary laminate.
  • the front side and the rear side therefore form two layers of a laminate, the PV modules in particular being attached between them.
  • the front side and / or the rear side are expediently made of a transparent material. Configurations in which the front and back are differently transparent are also useful, e.g. the back is opaque or non-transparent.
  • Suitable materials for the front and back are glass and polycarbonate (PC).
  • the front and the back are preferably connected to the PV modules by means of an adhesive and thereby fixed and fastened to one another.
  • the adhesive is, for example, a so-called “hot melt”, which is applied between the front and the back for laminating purposes.
  • the connectors are also included in the manufacture of the facade element together with the PV modules between the front side and the rear side and as a result of this are arranged accordingly within the secondary laminate and generally integrated into the facade element.
  • the PV modules are spaced from one another by joints in which the adhesive is arranged, which connects the front to the rear.
  • the joints are similar to those made when laying tiles or building a wall.
  • the joints have a joint width which is significantly smaller than the width of a PV module and, in particular, also significantly narrower than the grid dimension.
  • the joint width is 5 mm to 20 mm in a suitable embodiment.
  • a respective PV module has a contoured outer edge, so that neighboring PV modules only abut one another in sections and thereby form one or more recesses in which an adhesive is arranged, which the Connects the front to the back.
  • a rectangular PV module has a generally rectangular outer edge, which is now set back in sections, so that additional steps or notches along the outer edge are formed.
  • the cutouts are generally preferably produced in that the barrier layers of a respective PV module are additionally processed, with one or more cutouts being cut out or punched in.
  • the cutouts are only formed in the edge area and thus do not influence the inner area, the cells and the active layer.
  • the recesses are rectangular or strip-shaped, but in principle many other shapes are also suitable.
  • a PV module preferably has several recesses, which are expediently arranged on different sides of the PV module, so that the PV module in the finished facade element is surrounded or framed by adhesive on several sides.
  • the cutouts are designed as holes in a respective PV module, preferably in its edge area.
  • the holes break through the entire PV module, especially the two barrier layers, and in this way enable the adhesive to penetrate from one side to the other.
  • the holes are completely surrounded by the barrier layers of a single PV module and not by the outer edges of two neighboring PV modules.
  • the connectors are mechanically relieved of stress in the case of a butt arrangement, since an additional mechanical connection of the PV modules takes place directly on their outer edges.
  • An embodiment is also expedient in which a respective PV module has an outer edge contoured in such a way that orientation relative to neighboring PV modules is restricted and protection against polarity reversal is formed as a result.
  • This is particularly advantageous when there are special contact holes for connecting the connectors.
  • the specification of a certain orientation is advantageous in order not to have to use differently shaped connectors and, overall, to ensure correct contacting of the PV modules.
  • Two complementary structures are suitably formed on the outer edge, for example once a projection and once a recess complementary thereto, for example a point and a notch on opposite sides of a respective PV module.
  • the orientation of the PV modules relative to one another is determined by such a contoured outer edge, similar to puzzle pieces.
  • the object is also achieved in particular by a kit for a Fassa denelement as described above.
  • the kit has several PV modules and connectors as described, which can be arranged in different ways. can be assembled and then result in a facade element in an assembled state.
  • the object is in particular also achieved in each case by a method for producing a PV module or a facade element, with process steps for the respective production resulting from the previous statements.
  • FIG. 1 shows a facade element
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the facade element from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows two PV modules and a connector
  • FIG. 4 shows a PV module in a sectional view
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of a PV module
  • 6 shows a further variant of a PV module
  • FIG. 7 shows a detail of a variant of the facade element from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 8 shows a detail of a connector in a side view
  • FIG. 9 shows another variant of a PV module
  • FIG. 10 shows four Variants of PV modules with different sizes
  • FIG. 11 a variant of the facade element in a sectional view
  • FIG. 12 another variant of a PV module.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary facade element 2 is shown in FIG. This is used to educate a facade on a structure not shown.
  • the facade element 2 has several PV modules 4, ie photovoltaic modules, for converting light into electrical energy.
  • the number of PV modules 4 depends on the intended use and the size of the facade element 2.
  • the PV modules 4 are organic PV modules, or OPV modules for short on the other hand, it is also characterized by a special mechanical flexibility. As a result, the shape of the PV modules 4 and thus their external appearance can be freely designed and adapted.
  • the PV modules 4 are arranged flat so that each of the PV modules 4 is adjacent to one or more other PV modules 4.
  • the PV modules 4 are arranged flat in a common plane.
  • the PV modules 4 are arranged flat along a curved, arched, curved or otherwise shaped surface.
  • the facade element 2 has one or more connectors 6, which can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, but are not explicitly shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows two PV modules 4 which are connected by means of a connector 6.
  • a respective PV module 4 for connecting the connector 6 has two bus bars 8, 10 which are connected to one or more cells 12 of the PV module 4.
  • the cells 12 are formed by an active layer 14 in connection with two electrodes 16, 18.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a PV module 4.
  • the active layer 14 and the electrodes 16, 18 are structured accordingly.
  • the electrode 16 is applied to a substrate not explicitly designated, for example made of PET, and in the present case extends to the outer edge A of the PV module 4.
  • the cells 12 are electrically connected to one another via vias (so-called interconnects) that are not explicitly shown a cell array which additionally has at least two connection points 20, 22 via which the cells 12 are connected to the bus bars 8, 10.
  • the bus bars 8, 10 then each form a pole of the PV module 4 for tapping off the electrical energy generated by the cells 12.
  • two adjacent PV modules 4 are electrically connected to one another by means of a respective connector 6 and are connected to one another in parallel.
  • a respective connector 6 connects the two respective bus bars 8, 10 of the PV modules 4 to one another in pairs, so that two electrical connections are formed for the two poles.
  • a serial connection of PV modules 4 is completely dispensed with here, so that a pure Parallel connection is realized.
  • a power grid is implemented, in other words: a network or grid of PV modules 4, in which a respective PV module 4 is only connected to its directly adjacent PV modules 4.
  • the connectors 6 are correspondingly short and, as shown, significantly shorter than a respective PV module 4. PV modules 4 located further away are only connected indirectly via the intermediate PV modules 4.
  • the Sammellei ter 8, 10 together with the connectors 6 form a power network in which the current is passed through adjacent PV modules 4 after one another.
  • a single connector 6 is only electrically connected to PV modules 4, ie not to other connectors 6, but rather a single connector 6 is only indirectly connected to other connectors 6 via the busbars 8, 10 of the PV modules 4. Nevertheless, all the PV modules 4 are connected in parallel overall. This results from the special combination of the connector 6 with the busbars 8, 10, wel che together form a branched, decentralized, two-pole power network. In the power grid, several power paths S are formed in that the power is passed alternately through the busbars 8, 10 and the connector 6.
  • the power grid is also branched, ie the arrangement of the PV modules 4 in two dimensions leads to the formation of several current paths S in different directions.
  • Three exemplary current paths S between two of the PV modules 4 are explicitly shown in FIG. 1.
  • the facade element 2 shown here also has a central connection 24, which is connected to the power grid and thus to the PV modules 4 and which is arranged here centrally on the facade element 2 so that overall particularly short current paths S result.
  • the two bus bars 8, 10 of a PV module 4 are each designed as elongated conductor tracks 8, 10.
  • a respective busbar 8, 10 is also referred to by the English term “busbar”.
  • the two bus conductors 8, 10 of a respective PV module 4 run side by side, ie in two lanes as a double conductor, along an edge region 26 of the PV module 4, so that one of the two bus bars 8, 10 is an inner bus bar 8 and the other of the two bus bars 8, 10 is an outer bus bar 10.
  • the bus bars 8, 10 run in FIGS.
  • the bus bars 8, 10 run along several sides of the PV module 4, so that it can be connected to other PV modules 4 in different, here four directions, as is also clear from FIG. 2 .
  • the PV modules 4 can be flexibly connected and the facade element 2 has a high degree of design freedom.
  • both busbars 8, 10 are routed next to one another, ie as edge conductors.
  • the two bus bars 8, 10 even run parallel to one another.
  • the two bus bars 8, 10 do not follow a straight course, but are designed to be kinked or bent in order to follow the correspondingly running active layer 14.
  • a respective PV module 4 is divided into an inner area 28 and an edge area 26.
  • the cells 12 are only arranged in the inner region 28 and do not extend into the edge region 28.
  • the edge region 28 forms an outer edge A of the PV module 4 towards the outside. Inwardly, the Randbe abuts rich 26 on the inner region 28 and surrounds it.
  • the two bus bars 8, 10 are arranged completely in the edge region 26 and thus between the outer edge A on the one hand and the cells 12 on the other hand.
  • the outer bus bar 10 runs between the outer edge A and the inner bus bar 8, the inner bus bar 8 runs correspondingly between the outer bus bar 10 and the cells 12.
  • the active layer 16 is not restricted to the inner area 28, but in the present case extends into the edge area 26 for the aesthetic design of the PV module 4 and overlaps with the bus bars 8, 10.
  • the busbars 8, 10 of a respective PV module 4 and the connectors 6, which electrically connect the busbars 8, 10 of neighboring PV modules 4, work together in such a way that a network plant is formed, in which the PV modules 4 are connected in parallel with one another.
  • a respective PV module 4 thus acts as a distributor, also known as a “junction box”, and enables various current paths S.
  • PV modules 4 of different sizes can be combined with one another as desired. PV modules 4 of different sizes generate different amounts of electricity and are therefore not very suitable for a series connection. Complex cabling for establishing the parallel connection is avoided in that the connector 6 is kept short and only adjacent PV modules 4 are connected to one another. Due to the busbars 8, 10 running next to one another in the edge area 26, the PV modules 4 can be assembled in different and flexible ways, especially when PV modules 4 of different sizes are combined with one another, as in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant of the facade element 7, in which in the planar arrangement of the PV modules 4 gaps 30 are formed, so that a facade element 2 with corresponding openings or recesses results, e.g. for windows or doors or the like, which is especially due to the Parallel connection is possible.
  • a respective connec of 6 is two-pole and accordingly has two conductors 32, one for each of the two polarities of the busbars 8, 10.
  • the connector 6 is either formed in one piece, ie both conductors 32 are combined, or in several parts, so that the two connections are independent of one another.
  • an embodiment is also suitable in which two adjacent PV modules 4 are connected multiple times, ie redundantly, by means of several connectors 6, as is the case in FIGS. 2 and 7 for some of the larger PV modules 4. As a result, further current paths S are established.
  • the mechanical coupling of the PV modules 4 is also more robust.
  • bus bars 8, 10 are designed as a closed conductor loop.
  • both bus bars 8, 10 are each designed as a closed conductor loop.
  • the busbar 8, 10, designed as a closed conductor loop completely surrounds the inner area 28 and the cells 12 and encloses them.
  • the busbar 8, 10 follows the outer contour A of the PV module 4 so that in the case of the square PV modules 4 shown, the busbar 8, 10 runs correspondingly square, here with rounded corners.
  • the bus bars 8, 10 run through the PV module 4 and thereby subdivide the cell array into several, here four cell sectors 66, which are not directly connected to one another, but only indirectly via the bus bars 8, 10.
  • the two busbars 8, 10 run next to one another and each in a cross shape through a center of the PV module 4 and thereby bridge one another.
  • Each cell sector 66 is connected to the two bus bars 8, 10, in the present case in such a way that all cells 12 of a respective cell sector 66 are connected to one another in series.
  • Both bus bars 8, 10 of a PV module 4 are each electrically connected to the cells 12 via at least one connection point 20, 22.
  • a bus bar 8, 10, which is designed as a conductor loop, has the special advantage that the current path S from a connector 6 to the cells 12 always corresponds at most to half a turn around the cells 12. Starting from the connection there are always two possible current paths S to the connection point 20, 22, of which the current follows the one with the lowest resistance. In the case of an interrupted bus bar 8, 10 as in FIG. 3, however, the current path S is clearly specified.
  • the inner busbar 8 in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 basically stands in the way of the outer busbar 10 when making contact with the cells 12.
  • the inner busbar 8 is interrupted by the outer busbar 10 for making contact with the cells 12.
  • the inner busbar 8 is therefore not designed as a closed conductor loop, but has two arms 34 which, starting from the connection point 20 for the cells 12, extend around them to a passage 36 for the outer busbar 10.
  • the inner busbar 8 is only locally interrupted and thus designed as an interrupted conductor loop which completely encloses the cells 12 with the exception of the passage 36.
  • the outer busbar 10 has a junction 38 which runs through the passage 36 to the inner region 28 and is connected to the cells 12 there.
  • the inner busbar 8 is specifically interrupted on that side of the PV module 4 which is opposite the connection point 20 at which the inner busbar 8 is connected to the cells 12.
  • both arms 34 of the inner busbar 8 are of the same or at least similar length.
  • the outer busbar 10 is connected to the cells 12 in a respective PV module 4 by means of a bridge 40 which bridges the inner busbar 8.
  • the inner collector 8 then does not have to be interrupted, but is also designed here as a closed conductor loop.
  • the bridge 40 is a simple conductor piece, for example analogous to the branch 38 of the outer busbar 10 described above in connection with FIG. 3, with the difference that the branch 38 now over the inner busbar 8 over or is passed under it.
  • the bridge 40 is formed by one of the connectors 6 which connects the outer busbar 10, which is on the outside of the inner busbar 8, to a contact section 42 which is located inside the inner busbar 8.
  • a contact section 42 is therefore arranged, which is connected to the cells 12.
  • the contact In an embodiment not shown, section 42 corresponds to connection point 22 to cells 12; in the embodiment shown here, contact section 42 is a separate conductor which leads to connection point 22 and here even runs next to inner busbar 8 and parallel to it.
  • the bridge 40 has a diode 44 to determine the direction of current through the cells 12, so that negative effects in the event of a failure of the PV module 4 or in the event of shading are avoided.
  • the diode 44 is part of the connector 6 in a variant according to FIG. 5 and is connected there between the outer bus bar 10 and the contact section 42.
  • both bus bars 8, 10 run transversely through the PV module and are accordingly not designed as conductor loops.
  • the cell array is subdivided into several cell sectors 66, which are each individually connected to the busbars via respective connection points 20, 22. The individual cell sectors 66 are then connected to one another in parallel. Nevertheless, in the example of Fig.
  • a bridging is required, in this case in the center, in which the bus bars 8, 10 mutually bridge one another by means of bridges that are not explicitly designated.
  • the bus bars 8, 10 can be designed in the most varied of ways in order to obtain PV modules 4 with which a power grid can be produced.
  • a respective PV module 4 has two conductive layers as electrodes 16, 18. These are now encapsulated together with the active layer 14 between two barrier layers 46, ie the barrier layers 46 cover the electrodes 16, 18 and the active layer 14 on their top and bottom.
  • the active layer 14 and the two electrodes 16, 18 are not necessarily each individual layers, but are typically themselves composed of several layers.
  • the active layer 14 has a semiconductor material for generating charge carriers, which then migrate to the electrodes 16, 18 and produce a corresponding current.
  • the entire layer structure The structure of the active layer 14 and electrodes 16, 18 is encapsulated between the two barrier layers 46 to protect against environmental influences. These form an outer shell of the PV module 4.
  • the active layer 14 and the electrodes 16, 18 are laminated between the barrier layers 46, which are therefore also referred to as the primary laminate.
  • the two bus bars 8, 10 are also arranged between the two barrier layers 46 of a respective PV module 4, so that they are integrated into the PV module 4.
  • the busbars 8, 10 of a respective PV module 4 are produced together with one of the electrodes 16, 18, namely by printing a conductive material.
  • One of the electrodes 16, 18, here the so-called top electrode 18, is printed on as a so-called grid electrode, a conductive ink containing conductive particles, e.g. silver, being used as the conductive material.
  • the bus bars 8, 10 are now also printed on, i.e. they are also in the same layer as the electrode 18 in the layer structure of the PV module 4.
  • bus bars 8, 10 are integrated into a respective PV module 4, the bus bars 8, 10 are covered by the barrier layers 46.
  • its one barrier layer 46 has a contact hole 48, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, through which one of the busbars 8, 10 is accessible.
  • the contact hole 48 is cut into the barrier layer 46 when the PV module 4 is produced, for example. Since there are two bus bars 8, 10 in each PV module 4, there are correspondingly at least two contact holes 48, namely one for each bus bar 8, 10. In a variant not shown, a contact hole 48 extends as a common contact hole 48 over both busbars 8, 10. To enable flexible con tacting on different sides of the PV module 4, as shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 8 a section of a variant of a connector 6 is shown, which is designed as an alternative to the formation of contact holes 48 such that the connector 6 has a barrier layer 46 in the area of one of the two busbars 8, 10 when it is connected to a PV module 4 breaks through to contact it.
  • the connector 6 is designed as a crimp, for example, and has one or more teeth 50 or spikes which, when pressed against the PV module 4, pierce the barrier layer 46 and then establish electrical contact with the busbar 8, 10 below.
  • this configuration can also be combined with a PV module 4 with contact holes 48.
  • a respective PV module 4 has a plurality of cells 12 which are connected to one another in series so that a correspondingly high voltage results.
  • all cells 12 of a respective PV module 4 are also connected to one another in series in such a way that a meandering current path S is formed.
  • An embodiment for this is shown in FIG. 9, from which it can be seen that the cells 12 are not arranged next to one another in the form of strips, but rather in the form of a matrix, namely in a two-dimensional cell array.
  • several columns 52 are formed in which the cells are each connected in series. The columns 52 are then mutually connected at their ends, so that a meandering interconnection results in which all cells 12 are connected in series.
  • the meandering interconnection can also be applied to individual cell sectors 66, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the number of cells shown in the figures is only an example.
  • the number of cells 12 is typically dependent on the planned application and the voltage required.
  • all cells 12 of a PV module 4 are of the same size, so that all cells 12 generate the same current.
  • the size of an individual cell 12 may be very small, but this is not disadvantageous since, due to the parallel connection of several PV modules 4, their currents add.
  • several PV modules 4 of different sizes can be combined with one another due to the special design of the Sam melle ladder 8, 10 and the resulting flexible interconnection.
  • the facade element 2 actually has several different types of PV modules 4, which are of different sizes.
  • four types of PV modules 4 of different sizes are shown by way of example.
  • the different types therefore differ in their size, ie the physical dimensions, ie here specifically to the effect that they have different areas, so that the size of the cells 12 also differs accordingly and the PV modules 4 generate different currents.
  • the number of cells is the same, as described, so that the different types have the same voltage and can be connected to one another in parallel without any problems.
  • an embodiment as shown in FIG. 12 is advantageous, so that the individual cell sectors 66 then each correspond to one or more base units B of the grid dimension R and, for example, with serially connected cells 12 according to FIG. 9 are equipped.
  • PV modules 4 differ not only in their size, but are also adapted to a grid dimension R. , which has a certain size as the base unit B.
  • the sizes of the different types are in each case integral multiples of this basic unit B.
  • the smallest PV module 4 in FIG. 10 has the size of the basic unit B and thus constitutes, so to speak, a single pixel in the total flat arrangement of the PV modules 4.
  • Each PV module 4 then corresponds to one or more pixels, depending on its size. As can be seen in FIG.
  • the connectors 6 also follow the grid dimension R, so that the connectors 6 are arranged distributed over the entire areal arrangement of the PV modules 4 at regular intervals. However, this is not mandatory. If necessary, as shown, correspondingly large PV modules 4 are connected several times via several connectors 6 to a correspondingly large, adjacent PV module 4.
  • the PV modules 4 are also designed to be polygonal and are arranged like tiles, as is clear, for example, in FIG. 1. In the present case, the PV modules 4 are especially rectangular and accordingly have four corners, so that a rectangular grid dimension R also results.
  • the grid dimension R shown here even has a square as the base unit B, so that the PV modules 4 are then correspondingly rectangles or even squares, the respective area of which corresponds to an integral multiple of the base unit B, as shown in FIG. 10, for example.
  • the PV modules 4 can be arranged in a visually appealing manner in the manner of a brick wall or a tile mirror, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7.
  • the parallel connection of the PV modules 4 does not necessarily have to be arranged in such a grid dimension; rather, other arrangements are also possible and suitable, including those in which the PV modules 4 are further apart from one another or are loosely distributed or arranged free-standing or a Combination of these.
  • the visual appearance of a respective PV module 4 is generated by a corresponding de design of the individual elements of a respective PV module 4, so that a specific design also results for the facade element 2 as a whole.
  • the bus bars 8, 10 and the active layer 14 of a respective PV module 4 are designed in such a way that an irregular contour results, here specifically a brick look.
  • the PV modules 4 do not necessarily have to be arranged flush with one another, as shown, but are instead arranged free-standing in one variant and are accordingly spaced from one another.
  • the barrier layers 46 are conventional transparent, but the active layer 14 and the busbars 8, 10 are not, so that the overall appearance of an individual PV module 4 and the facade element 2 is largely determined by the shape of the busbars 8, 10 and the active layer 14. Therefore, these two elements are used for design.
  • the facade elements 2 shown here are each a laminate in which the PV modules 4 are laminated together between two layers. This is shown in FIG. 10, which shows a facade element 2 in a sectional view in order to clarify its layer structure.
  • the PV modules 4 are common sam between a front 54 and a back 56 of a secondary laminate included. In the present case, the front side 54 and the rear side 56 are connected to the PV modules 4 by means of an adhesive 58 and are thereby fixed and fastened to one another. Overall, the PV modules 4 are integrated into the facade element 2.
  • the PV modules 4 With the planar arrangement of the PV modules 4, several recesses are also formed between them, into which the adhesive 58 can penetrate so that it extends through the surface of the PV modules 4 and connects the front side 54 directly to the rear side 56. Such recesses can be realized in different ways.
  • the adhesive 58 also covers the PV modules 4 and the connectors 6, so that these are connected to the front side 54 and the rear side 56 as a whole.
  • the PV modules 4 are spaced apart from one another by joints 60 as recesses in which the adhesive 58 is arranged.
  • An embodiment with joints 60 between the PV modules 4 is already shown in FIG. 1.
  • the joints 60 are significantly narrower than a respective PV module 4 and also significantly narrower than the grid dimension R.
  • PV modules 4 With the dimensions of the PV modules 4 and their adaptation to the grid dimension R and the base unit B, slight deductions or additions to the size may be made taken to create additional joints 60 between adjacent PV modules 4 possible, so that the size of a PV module does not necessarily correspond exactly to an integral multiple of the base unit.
  • a respective PV module 4 has a contoured outer edge A, so that adjacent PV modules 4 only abut one another in sections and thereby form one or more recesses 62 in which an adhesive 58 is arranged the front side 54 connects to the rear side 56.
  • the outer edge A of a respective PV module 4 is generally rectangular, here even square, and now set back in sections so that additional edges along the outer edge A. Steps or notches are formed.
  • Two PV modules 4 the outer edges A of which are placed against one another, then abut one another, but not in the area of the steps or notches which form corresponding recesses 62 due to the interaction of the two outer edges A of the adjacent PV modules 4.
  • Such recesses 62 are produced, for example, in that the barrier layers 46 of a respective PV module 4 are additionally processed, one or more recesses 62 being cut out or punched in.
  • the recesses 62 are alternatively or additionally designed as holes in the barrier layers 46. These holes extend completely through a respective PV module 4 and thus enable the penetration of the adhesive 58.
  • the recesses 62 are only formed in the edge region 26 and thus do not influence the inner region 28, the cells 12 and the active layer 14.
  • the recesses 62 shown are rectangular or strip-shaped, but in principle many other shapes are also suitable.
  • a PV module 4 also has several recesses 62 which are arranged on different sides of the PV module 4, so that the PV module 4 in the finished facade element 2 is surrounded or framed by adhesive 58 on several sides.
  • a PV module 4 has an outer edge A contoured in such a way that an orientation relative to adjacent PV modules 4 is limited and thus a reverse polarity protection is formed.
  • An example of this is shown in FIG. 3.
  • Two complementary structures 64 are formed there on the outer edge A, for example a point and a notch on opposite sides of a respective PV module 4.
  • the orientation of the PV modules 4 relative to one another is defined by an outer edge A contoured in this way.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de façade (2) comprenant plusieurs modules PV (4), en particulier des modules PV (4) organiques et plusieurs connecteurs (6), les modules PV (4) étant agencés de manière plane, de façon que chaque module PV (4) est adjacent à un ou plusieurs autres modules PV (4), un module PV (4) respectif comportant deux bus de raccordement (8, 10) reliés à une ou plusieurs cellules (12) du module PV (4) pour raccorder un ou plusieurs des connecteurs (6), un connecteur (6) respectif permettant de relier électriquement et monter en parallèle les bus de raccordement (8, 10) de deux modules PV (4) adjacents, de sorte que les bus de raccordement (8, 10) forment un réseau électrique avec les connecteurs (6). Cette invention concerne en outre un module PV (4) correspondant.
EP20792550.4A 2019-10-10 2020-10-02 Élément de façade et module pv pour un élément de façade Pending EP4042565A1 (fr)

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