EP4041959B1 - Room modules for buildings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a room cell for use in the construction of multi-storey buildings in modular construction.

In the prior art it is known to manufacture multi-storey buildings in modular construction using room cells that integrate wet cells and installations and have vertical riser shafts through which cables and lines can be routed to the levels of the building above and below.

The construction of the above-mentioned riser shafts represents a particular challenge. They should be constructed in such a way that the connection of superimposed room cells during building construction can be carried out as simply as possible. In the finished building, the riser shafts should be easily accessible and easy to maintain. In addition, high requirements for sound and fire insulation must be met.

In the EP 3 480 380 A1 a concept is being considered with two separate riser shafts for installation lines on the one hand and electrical cables and data lines on the other. This concept enables superimposed room cells to be connected very easily and is also easy to maintain. Good noise and fire protection insulation of the vertical shaft walls means that legal requirements can be met in most countries.

The pamphlet U.S. 2,037,895 discloses a concept for building construction using room cells, wherein the room cells are installed on a framework. The lines and pipes are connected in the spaces between the room cells.

The object of the invention is to provide a further developed shaft concept for generic room cells that meets the requirements mentioned even better, particularly with regard to fire protection insulation.

Against this background, the invention relates to a room cell for use in the construction of buildings in modular construction, which has a floor and side walls between which a useful area is enclosed, the load-bearing components of some and preferably all side walls being cross-laminated timber panels, and where the room cell has a shaft area through which cables and lines can be routed from bottom to top through the room cell. According to the invention, the shaft area is delimited at the bottom by a shaft base or at the top by a shaft ceiling, with the shaft base or the shaft ceiling having a stepped shoulder and protruding upwards or downwards into the shaft region in the region of the shoulder, with the Paragraph from the shaft area bracketed indentation a cavity is defined.

Starting from the level of the shaft base, the shoulder protrudes upwards or, starting from the level of the shaft ceiling, downwards into the shaft area. The shoulder is preferably designed in the form of a step which rises from the shaft floor or falls from the shaft ceiling towards one side of the shaft. The top surface of the step, which is typically horizontal, is then in contact with a boundary wall of the shaft area. In addition to the typically horizontal top surface, the step includes, depending on the arrangement in the shaft, one or more typically vertical risers, which together with the top surface define the stepped step.

The inventive design of the riser shafts can ensure that the riser shafts of individual room cells stacked one above the other are horizontally decoupled by the shaft floors and the top and riser surfaces of the paragraphs with a view to sound and fire propagation. Nevertheless remains after the stacking of the neighboring room cells, a free space lying on the new floor, in which lines and pipes of the room cells lying on top of each other can be connected in a simple way.

Cross laminated timber is very stiff and stable. It is well suited as a load-bearing construction material. The building material wood is environmentally friendly and renewable. It is comparatively inexpensive, durable and popular with customers as a building material. Provision can be made for the walls to be made entirely of cross-laminated timber panels, which can be coated or clad on at least part of the surface on one or both sides.

The shaft area preferably runs through the room cell from bottom to top and is more preferably defined between a side wall of the room cell and a shaft wall running inside the room cell and separating the shaft area from the usable area. It can be divided into several areas by vertical partitions, or it can be designed as a single shaft overall.

The shaft area is preferably delimited at the bottom by a shaft base, the shaft base having the step-shaped step and projecting upwards into the shaft area in the area of the step.

Preferably, the shaft area is open at the top if it is delimited at the bottom by a shaft base and at the bottom if it is delimited at the top by a shaft cover.

More preferably, the shaft floor is at the level of the floor of the cell. In this context, the section of the bottom of the shaft is meant in which there is no shoulder. Starting from the relevant level, the shoulder protrudes upwards into the shaft area.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the room cell is designed to be load-bearing and withstands a vertical load due to a weight force stood, which corresponds to more than twice, preferably more than five times and more preferably more than eight times its own weight. The room cell derives its load-bearing properties from the side walls, whose load-bearing components are formed by cross-laminated timber panels. In contrast to a self-supporting wall, which only bears its own weight and cannot be statically loaded by other components, these load-bearing walls can be statically loaded by other parts of the building, for example another room cell placed on top of the room cell.

The shaft area regularly has several risers and/or cable ducts for accommodating cables, with the risers and/or cable ducts running through the shaft area in the area of the step. In the installation situation, the risers can serve as water pipes or ventilation pipes. The conduits can enclose electrical cables and data cables.

It can be provided that the risers and/or cable ducts penetrate the step to the outside and have connection elements in the cavity for connection to risers and/or cable ducts of an adjacent room cell. Preferably, the step located in the base area of the shaft area is penetrated downwards, the step in the shaft bottom protrudes into the shaft area from below and the indentation is located below the step. The connection elements are located above the level of the shaft floor. In concrete terms, the typically horizontal top surface of the heel is penetrated. Horizontal fire protection when the risers and/or cable ducts pass through the step is preferably ensured by tested fire protection elements such as fire protection sleeves.

In addition, it can be provided that counter-connection elements are provided at the ends of the risers and/or cable ducts, which correspond to the connection elements in the cavity, it being preferably provided that the risers and/or cable ducts or their connection element project outwards at the top from the shaft area and protrude beyond the level of the cell, or from a stowed position in which this is not the case to an extended position in which this is the case. The connecting elements are thus preferably located above the level of the room cell.

The connecting elements and counter-connecting elements can be designed in such a way that they can be connected to and detached from one another reversibly and preferably without the use of tools. In this context, it can be provided that the connection elements and mating connection elements are designed in such a way that they can be locked or screwed together. The connection elements and/or mating connection elements can also be designed in such a way that they can be transferred from a retracted position to an extended position, for example they can be folded out.

In connection with the possible interior equipment of the room cell, the possibility of connecting the cables and lines to electrical elements and installations of the room cell, the detailed construction of the walls, the connection of the components of the room cell, connection of the risers and/or cable ducts of neighboring room cells and generally the Structure of the room cell, apart from the described construction of the shaft area and its elements, can refer to the disclosure of EP 3 480 380 A1 to get expelled.

Against the background mentioned at the outset, the invention also relates to a building comprising at least two room cells according to the invention which are stacked directly one above the other and which are stacked in such a way that the areas of the shoulders of the stacked room cells are aligned with one another.

When constructing a multi-storey building using the room cells, provision can be made for connecting the risers of adjacent floors with preferably flexible connecting hoses or pipes. Provision can be made for the connecting elements to be connected to the undersides of the risers on only one side.

The building is preferably a multi-storey building with more than two, preferably more than five and more preferably more than eight floors. In such so-called mid-high-rise buildings, the room cell according to the invention is particularly suitable due to the load-bearing properties of the cross-laminated timber walls.

Figur 1:

eine Ansicht auf die offengelegten Steigschächte zweier übereinander gestapelter Raumzellen in einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und

Figur 2:

eine Detailansicht auf den Bereich des Absatzes, wobei in der Darstellung gegenüber der Figur 1 Steigleitungen und Kabelrohre ergänzt wurden.

Further details and advantages of the invention result from the exemplary embodiment described below with reference to the figures. In the figures show:

Figure 1:

a view of the disclosed riser shafts of two stacked room cells in one embodiment of the invention; and

Figure 2:

a detailed view of the area of the paragraph, being in the representation opposite the figure 1 Risers and cable ducts have been added.

figure 1 shows a view of the disclosed riser shafts 10 of two room cells 100 stacked one on top of the other according to an embodiment of the invention.

The riser shafts 10 are located on one side of the room cells 100 and run across their entire width, i.e. from one side wall 101 to the opposite side wall 101 of the room cells 10. Another side wall, which actually limits the riser shafts 10 to the rear, is not shown in the figure , so as not to block the view of shafts 10. Each of the shafts 10 is thus delimited by three side walls 101 and a shaft wall 102 .

The load-bearing components of the side walls 101 are cross-laminated timber panels. The cross laminated timber panels can be coated or clad on one or both sides to form the side walls 101 . Through the use of stable cross-laminated timber elements in the side walls 101, the room cell is designed to be load-bearing and withstands a vertical load of a weight that corresponds to at least eight times its own weight.

These load-bearing properties allow eight or more than eight room cells to be stacked in a multi-storey building.

In figure 1 the lower area of the shaft area 10 of the upper room cell 100 and the upper area of the shaft area 10 of the lower room cell 100 are shown. The shaft areas 10 of both room cells 100 are designed identically overall, so that the lower area of the shaft area 10 of the lower room cell 100 corresponds structurally to the shown lower area of the shaft area 10 of the upper room cell 100 and the upper area of the shaft area 10 of the upper room cell 100 structurally corresponds to the shown upper one Area of the shaft area 10 of the lower cell 100 corresponds.

The shaft wall 102 separates the shaft area 10 from the usable space of the respective room cell. The shaft wall 102 and the areas of the side walls 101 delimiting the shaft area 10 have a full-surface fire protection covering in the form of, for example, plasterboard or a fire protection coating or a fire protection impregnation.

The shaft area 10 of the upper cell 100 is bounded by a shaft floor 11 at the bottom. The shaft floor 11 is at the level of the floor of the room cell 100. The riser shafts 10 run through the room cells from bottom to top.

The shaft floor 11 of the upper room cell 100 has a step-like shoulder 20 which includes a vertical riser surface 21 and a horizontal top surface 22 . Starting from the level of the shaft floor 11 , the paragraph 20 protrudes upwards into the shaft area 10 of the upper cell 100 . Paragraph 20 is based on its in the figure 1 left side on the side wall 101 of the cell 100, so that only a vertical riser surface 21 is provided. In the concavity bracketed out of the shaft portion 10 by the shoulder 20, a cavity 30 is defined which is open at the bottom.

The shaft area 10 of the lower room cell 100 is open at the top, and thus towards the cavity 30 of the room cell 100 lying above it.

Like this from the detail view of the figure 2 can be seen, which shows the transition area between the room cells 100 and in particular the area of the paragraph 20, several corresponding risers 40 and cable ducts 50 are accommodated in the shaft areas 10 for receiving cables. These must be joined together after the room cells 100 have been stacked in order to form continuous ducts which run from one floor of the building to the next floor of the building. The risers 40 can serve as water pipes or ventilation pipes. The conduits 50 can enclose electrical cables and data cables.

As in figure 2 As can be seen, the risers 40 and conduits 50 on the underside of the upper cell 100 penetrate through the horizontal top surface 22 of the landing 20 into the cavity 30 and end there at a point slightly above the level of the floor of the upper cell 100. At the penetration points of the risers 40 and cable ducts 50 through the horizontal top surface 22 fire protection sleeves 60 are provided.

As in figure 2 It can also be seen that the risers 40 and cable ducts 50 are on the upper side of the lower room cell 100 upwards out of the shaft area 10 and thus protrude beyond the level of the lower room cell 100. They end in the cavity 30 under the shoulder 20 of the upper room cell 100 at exactly the point at which the corresponding risers 40 and cable ducts 50 of the upper room cell 100 end.

The corresponding risers 40 and cable ducts 50 are connected at the meeting points by means of corresponding connection elements 41 and 51, which can be lockable sleeves and flange elements.

In order to enable access to the shaft for possible maintenance work, maintenance openings can be provided in the shaft wall 102 or in a region of a side wall 101 delimiting the region 10 of the shaft. There is preferably at least one maintenance opening in the wall sections that delimit cavity 30 .

The inventive design of the shaft areas 10 can ensure that the shaft areas 10 of individual room cells 100 stacked one on top of the other are horizontally decoupled by the shaft floors 11, risers 21 and top surfaces 22 of the paragraphs 20 with a view to sound and fire propagation. The hollow space 30 within the step 20, which is open towards the lower room cell 100, means that after the adjacent room cells 100 have been placed one on top of the other, a free space remains on the new floor, in which lines 40 and pipes 50 of the room cells 100 lying one above the other can be connected in a simple manner . The cavity 30 under the shoulder 20 of the upper room cell 100 forms a kind of extension of the shaft area 10 of the lower room cell 100.

Claims (11)

1. A room cell (100) for use in the modular construction of buildings, which comprises a base plate and side walls (101) enclosing a usable interior space, wherein the load-bearing components of some and preferably all side walls (101) are formed by panels of cross-laminated timber, and wherein the room cell (100) comprises a duct (10) for accommodating cables and pipes (40) passing through the room cell (100) from top to bottom,
   characterized in that,
   the duct (10) is confined on its bottom by a duct floor (11) or on its top by a duct ceiling, wherein the duct floor or the duct ceiling comprise a step (20) projecting upwards or downwards, respectively, into the duct (10), wherein a free volume is defined in a recess (30) that is carved out from the duct (10) by the step (20).
2. The room cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the duct (10) is confined on its bottom by a duct floor (11), wherein the duct floor (11) comprises the step (20) projecting upwards into the duct (10).
3. The room cell according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the duct (10) has an open top in case it is confined on its bottom by a duct floor (11) or has an open bottom in case it is confined on its top by a duct ceiling.
4. The room cell according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the duct floor (11), apart from the step (20), and the base plate of the room cell (100) are at the same level.
5. The room cell according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the room cell (100) has load-bearing properties and is able to withstand a vertical load corresponding to more than double of its own weight, preferably more than five times its own weight and more preferably more than eight times ist own weight.
6. The room cell according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the duct (10) accomodates a plurality of standpipes (40) and/or cable pipes (50) for housing cables, wherein the standpipes (40) and/or cable pipes (50) pass through the duct (10) in the region of the step (20).
7. The room cell according to claim 6, characterized in that the standpipes (40) and/or cable pipes (50) penetrate to the outside through the step and comprise connection elements (41, 51) for connection to standpipes (40) and/or cable pipes (50) of an adjacent room cell (100) in the recess (30).
8. The room cell according to claim 7, characterized in that the ends of the standpipes (40) and/or cable pipes (50) comprise mating connection elements that correspond to the connection elements (41, 51) within the recess (30), wherein preferably the standpipes (40) and/or cable pipes (50) or their mating connection elements (41, 51) protrude from the duct (10) and extend beyond the height of the room cell (100), or can be moved between a retracted position, where this is not the case, to an extended position, where this is the case.
9. The room cell according to claim 8, characterized in that the connection elements (41, 51) and mating connection elements (41, 51) are configured to form a reversible connection, preferably to be connected and disconnected without the use of tools.
10. A building comprising at least two room cells (100) according to any preceding claim stacked directly on top of each other, characterized in that the room cells (100) are stacked such that the areas of the steps (20) of the room cells (100) are in alignment.
11. The building of claim 10, characterized in that the building is a mulitlevel building comprising more than two, preferably more than five and further preferably more than eight levels.

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