EP4037100A1 - Abstrahlendes koaxialkabel - Google Patents

Abstrahlendes koaxialkabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4037100A1
EP4037100A1 EP21153732.9A EP21153732A EP4037100A1 EP 4037100 A1 EP4037100 A1 EP 4037100A1 EP 21153732 A EP21153732 A EP 21153732A EP 4037100 A1 EP4037100 A1 EP 4037100A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
row
radiating cable
aperture
cable
aperture arrangements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21153732.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Willy Pirard
Andy HEIM
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Kabelwerk Eupen AG
Original Assignee
Kabelwerk Eupen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Kabelwerk Eupen AG filed Critical Kabelwerk Eupen AG
Priority to EP21153732.9A priority Critical patent/EP4037100A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2022/051838 priority patent/WO2022162037A1/en
Publication of EP4037100A1 publication Critical patent/EP4037100A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203—Leaky coaxial lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiating coaxial cable.
  • Radiating cables are particularly appropriate to provide radio communication links with mobile equipment in indoor environments such as tunnels, mines, underground railways and buildings.
  • radiating cables can also be used in any environment to restrict the radio coverage in a narrow lateral corridor along an axis (e.g., a transport route, a railway, a defined path in a workshop, etc.) in order to avoid interferences with neighbouring transmitters operating at the same frequency.
  • a narrow lateral corridor along an axis e.g., a transport route, a railway, a defined path in a workshop, etc.
  • radiating cables in these environments is particularly important as a result of the development of mobile communication systems (radio links, mobile communication network, cordless telephone, wireless computer network, etc.). These mobile communications systems operate in a very wide range of frequencies. In many situations, the same radiating cable is used to transmit several frequency bands. A frequent case is the transmission of different mobile communication networks with frequency bands ranging from 600 to 3800 MHz or even higher. The capacity to radiate efficiently in a broad frequency band is therefore a common requirement.
  • a radiating cable is typically a coaxial cable comprising an inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric material and an outer conductor of cylindrical shape. This outer conductor includes aperture arrangements which generate an electromagnetic radiation. The outer conductor is covered by an insulating outer sheath.
  • the wording "radiating cable” is sometimes replaced by "cable”.
  • the aperture arrangements in the outer conductor may be of various types, for example a longitudinal slot over the entire length of the cable, or numerous small holes very close to each other.
  • cables in which the outer conductor consists of a loose braiding, or sometimes of a layer of wires helically wound around the dielectric The common characteristic of these cables is that the whole length of the outer conductor includes aperture arrangements separated by a distance considerably shorter than the wavelength of the radiated signal. All these cables operate in a mode known as "coupled mode" in which the radiated energy propagates in the direction parallel to the cable axis. With these cables, the strength of the radiated field falls off rapidly when moving away from the cable. Moreover, the field strength fluctuates greatly along the cable. Such radiating cables are generally not appropriate for use in digital systems requiring low bit error rate.
  • a known solution to this problem is to use arrays of aperture arrangements which are reproduced with a constant pitch s. This pitch is of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the signals to be radiated.
  • the radiation produced by the radiated mode cables propagates in a radial direction forming an angle ⁇ 1 with the cable axis lying between 0° and 180°. Such a cable is then called as "radiated mode cable".
  • the main advantage of the radiated mode cables is a stronger radiated field which decreases less rapidly in the radial direction and which fluctuates less along the axis of the cable. Radiated mode cables are therefore more suitable for applications requiring low bit error rate.
  • the third advantage above i.e. the lower field strength variations along the axis of the cable
  • the array of aperture arrangements is inappropriate (e.g. if it includes only one aperture arrangement).
  • the frequency increases, there appears second order modes which propagates in various directions.
  • the higher the frequency the more numerous are the secondary modes which all propagate in different directions and interfere either constructively or destructively.
  • the document CN 204966704U describes a cable intended for use outdoors rather than in tunnels. For this purpose, its radiation is emitted with the same intensity from both sides of the cable.
  • the outer conductor of this cable has arrays of slots arranged alternately on each side of the cable.
  • EP 1 739 789 describes a very efficient solution in which all secondary modes are strongly attenuated or even suppressed in a large frequency band. Specifically, all even order secondary modes are cancelled, while the field strength corresponding to odd order secondary modes is reduced by a factor approximately equal to the order of the mode. For example, the 3 rd and 5 th modes are reduced by a factor of about 3 and 5 respectively.
  • the various known radiated mode cable designs have the disadvantage of having a high VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) at certain frequencies (called “resonance frequencies”) or even in certain bands (called “stop bands”) where these cables are therefore unsuitable for use.
  • VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a radiating cable with a low VSWR wherein the undesirable secondary modes are cancelled, or, at least attenuated.
  • the invention provides a radiating cable having a longitudinal axis and comprising:
  • the longitudinal distance between two successive aperture arrangements in the first or second row is equal to the longitudinal distance between the last aperture arrangement of the first row and the first aperture arrangement of the second row. Therefore, the cable does not comprise any longitudinal segment longer than s/2n without aperture arrangement. It will be shown below that, in such a situation, there is no resonance due to the periodicity of the array of aperture arrangements for wavelengths greater than twice the distance between aperture arrangements, i.e.
  • the first resonance occurs at the frequency of ⁇ 7500 MHz which is well above the highest frequency at which radiating cables are currently used.
  • the document CN 204966704U describes a cable intended for use outdoors rather than in tunnels. For this purpose, its radiation is emitted with the same intensity from both sides of the cable.
  • the outer conductor of this cable has arrays of two groups of slots slanted in opposite directions and arranged alternately on each side of the cable.
  • the inventor has found, as will be demonstrated below, that the first and the second rows, on the two sides of the cable, contribute constructively to the field and that they attenuate or suppress the undesirable secondary propagation modes.
  • the number of aperture arrangements in the first row is at least ten. Having at least ten aperture arrangements strongly attenuate or even cancel undesirable secondary modes.
  • the number of aperture arrangements in the second row is also at least ten since the two rows of any array have the same number of aperture arrangements.
  • the number of aperture arrangements in the first row is at least fifteen. With such a number of aperture arrangements, the field strength of all modes of odd-order higher than 3 are at least reduced by a factor equal to 4.78.
  • the number of aperture arrangements in the first row, n fulfills the condition n ⁇ f no res ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ r 300 wherein f no res is the higher limit of the frequency range the radiating cable is designed for, s is the pitch of periodicity in the succession of arrays and ⁇ r is the relative permittivity of the dielectric material. f no res is the frequency below which the periodicity of the array of aperture arrangements does not produces any resonance.
  • each aperture arrangement consists in a single aperture.
  • the apertures are elongated, with an aperture axis making an angle ⁇ between 10° and 90° with the longitudinal axis of the radiating cable.
  • the apertures of the first row are slanted towards one end of the radiating cable, and the apertures of the second row are slanted the opposite end of the radiating cable.
  • the apertures of the first row and the apertures of the second row are slanted towards the same end of the radiating cable.
  • each aperture arrangement comprises at least two apertures.
  • the at least two apertures of each aperture arrangement can be transversally and/or longitudinally shifted with respect to each other. Cables with aperture arrangements having more than two apertures have to be considered part of the scope of the present invention.
  • the outer conductor being cylindrical in shape, the first row being located along a first generatrix of the cylinder, the second row being located along a second generatrix of the cylinder, the first and second generatrixes being circumferentially spaced by an angle ⁇ between 150° and 210°, more preferably between 170° and 190°, even more preferably between 175° and 185°.
  • This angle ⁇ is the angle taken on the axis, in a plane perpendicular to the axis and to the generatrixes.
  • s the pitch of periodicity in the succession of arrays, fulfills the conditions f start > 300 ⁇ r + 1 ⁇ s and f end ⁇ 300 ⁇ r ⁇ 1 ⁇ s wherein f start and f end are the lower and higher limits of the frequency range the radiating cable is designed for, and ⁇ r is the relative permittivity of the dielectric material. f start and f end are the lower and higher limits of the frequency range within which the main radiated mode exists.
  • the number n of aperture arrangements in each row progressively increases along the radiating cable, and/or wherein the size of the aperture arrangements in each row progressively increases along the radiating cable.
  • the invention also provides for a radiating cable installation comprising a radiating cable according to any of the preceding claims and a surface, wherein the radiating cable has the shape of a cylinder, the first row being located along a first generatrix of the cylinder, the second row being located along a second generatrix of the cylinder, the first and the second generatrixes defining a plane, wherein the angle between this plane and the surface is between - 45° and + 45°.
  • the surface is preferably either a wall or ceiling along which the cable is attached.
  • the invention also provides for a process of installing a radiating cable along a surface, wall or ceiling, comprising the steps of:
  • the invention also provides for a use of a radiating cable according to the invention at a frequency lower than f no res given by n ⁇ f no res ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ r 300 wherein n is the number of aperture arrangements in the first row, s is the pitch of periodicity in the succession of arrays and ⁇ r is the relative permittivity of the dielectric material.
  • the expressions "longitudinal direction”, “transverse direction” and “slanted direction” as used in this context refer respectively to the directions parallel, perpendicular and slanted to the cable axis.
  • the “axial direction” is parallel to the cable axis.
  • the “radial direction” corresponds to a direction forming with the cable axis an angle being between 0° and 180°.
  • the “circumferential direction” is orthogonal to the radial direction, in a plane perpendicular to the axis.
  • aperture arrangement refers either to a single aperture or to a plurality of apertures in the outer conductor.
  • the apertures of a plurality may be identical or different and collectively, for the purpose of the present invention, may behave as one single aperture.
  • Elliptical shaped aperture the main axis of which is either transverse or slanted with respect to the longitudinal direction is used for the description of some preferred embodiments. Slot with rounded ends is another preferred embodiment. Many other embodiments allow to achieve the sought effect however.
  • the single aperture arrangement may have a circular or oval shape. Aperture arrangements of more complex shape are also described later, as well as aperture arrangements comprising several apertures. The sizes of the aperture arrangements can be chosen to control the strength of the radiated field.
  • array of aperture arrangements refers to any periodic pattern of aperture arrangements in the outer conductor repeated at a constant spacing s.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the principle of a radiating cable according to the state of the art.
  • the outer conductor includes arrays of aperture arrangements which are repeated at a constant pitch s, this pitch being of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the signals to be radiated.
  • the radiation produced by the radiated mode cables propagates in a radial direction forming an angle ⁇ with the cable axis, ⁇ being between 0° and 180°.
  • Fig. 1 also represents, in any plane containing the cable axis, the paths of the wave radiated, in a direction ⁇ , by the first aperture arrangement of two adjacent arrays.
  • the path difference corresponds to the length ABC (with AC perpendicular to BC).
  • ⁇ r is generally lying between ⁇ 1.1 and ⁇ 1.15.
  • ⁇ r 1.11 which is quite representative for the dielectric materials currently in use. It should be stressed, however, that the conclusions drawn from these calculations will generally also be valid if ⁇ r differs from this particular value.
  • ⁇ 1 arcos ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ r
  • Fig. 3, 4 , 5 and 6 illustrate a radiating cable 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the radiating cable 1 is a co-axial cable comprising, in this order, moving radially away from the axis 200: an inner conductor 2, a dielectric material 3, an outer conductor 4 cylindrical in shape, and an insulating outer sheath (non-illustrated).
  • the radiating cable 1 consists in a first side 110 and a second side 120. Since the radiating cable 1 is a cylinder, the first side 110 is a first half-cylinder and the second side 120 is a second half-cylinder.
  • the radiating cable 1 has a first end 301 connected to a Tx/Rx, and a second end 302 opposite to the first end 301.
  • the outer conductor 4 comprises a plurality of arrays 10 of aperture arrangements 5 repeated longitudinally with a constant pitch s.
  • Each array 10 of aperture arrangements comprises a first row 11 of aperture arrangements 5, located along a first generatrix 111 and a second row 12 of aperture arrangements 5, located along a second generatrix 112.
  • the first aperture arrangements of two adjacent rows are staggered by a distance of s/2.
  • Each array 10 of aperture arrangements comprises exactly two rows: not more, not less.
  • the angle ⁇ between the first 111 and the second 121 generatrixes is preferably between 150° and 210°, more preferably between 170° and 190°, even more preferably between 175° and 185°.
  • the preferred embodiment corresponds to ⁇ equal to 180°, wherein the two rows are exactly diametrically opposite to each other.
  • Each row 11 and 12 includes n aperture arrangements repeated at a constant distance s/2n.
  • the only aperture arrangements along the radiating cable 1 are the aperture arrangements 5 of the first 11 or second 12 rows.
  • one side of the radiating cable 1 comprises aperture arrangements 5 and the other side is free from aperture arrangements 5.
  • the 2n aperture arrangements in an array 10 have the same reflection coefficient. This is the case if they are identical, but may also be the case if they differ in shape and/or size.
  • the n aperture arrangements in the first row 11 have substantially identical radiation patterns and produce substantially a same field strength for a given current flowing in the outer conductor of the cable.
  • the n aperture arrangements in the second row 12 have substantially identical radiation patterns and produce substantially a same field strength for a given current flowing in the outer conductor of the cable.
  • the aperture arrangements of row 11 may have a radiation pattern and produce a field strength which differ from those of row 12. The same holds for the various variations in shape illustrated in the present document or, in general, within the scope of the present invention. In the frame of the present invention, it is not required that the centres of the aperture arrangements in the same row are perfectly aligned in the longitudinal direction.
  • the pitch s of the arrays 10 of aperture arrangements refers to the distance measured, in the longitudinal direction, between the centres of the first aperture arrangement of two adjacent arrays 10 of aperture arrangements.
  • the spacing s/2 between two adjacent rows 11 and 12 (or 12 and 11) of aperture arrangements refers to the distance measured, in the longitudinal direction, between the centres of the first aperture arrangement of these two rows.
  • the spacing s/2n between aperture arrangements refers to the distance measured, in the longitudinal direction, between the centres of two adjacent aperture arrangements belonging either to the same row or two adjacent rows.
  • Fig. 5 is a top view of the outer conductor 4 of one preferred embodiment of the radiating cable 1 according to the present invention.
  • the 2n aperture arrangements are elliptical in shape and elongated in the transverse direction.
  • the rows 11, with the aperture arrangements shown in solid lines, are located on the visible side of the cable.
  • the rows 12 with the aperture arrangements represented in dashed lines are located on the bottom of the hidden side of the cable.
  • Fig. 6a and b respectively show front and top views of a short segment of the outer conductor 4 at the transition zone between the two different rows.
  • the left part of Fig. 6 describes the transition zone between the two last aperture arrangements 11 n-1 and 11 n on the row 11 and the two first aperture arrangements 12 1 and 12 2 of the row 12.
  • the right part of Fig. 6 describes the transition zone between the two last aperture arrangements12 n-1 and 12 n on the row 12 and the two first aperture arrangements 11 1 and 11 2 of the row 11.
  • Fig. 6 also shows that, in the longitudinal direction, the centres of two adjacent aperture arrangements are separated by a constant spacing equal to s/2n.
  • Fig. 5 and 6 show that at any given point along the axis of the radiating cable, there is never more than one aperture arrangement which belong, either, to the row 11 or 12.
  • each aperture arrangement 5 creates an impedance mismatch that produces a reflection that returns to the transmitter.
  • the wavelength in the cable 1 is equal to s/n
  • the reflections produced by all the aperture arrangements 5 arrive in phase at the end of the cable connected to the Tx/Rx and a resonant state is established. This accumulation of in-phase reflections produces a strong signal which may saturate the receiver.
  • the same phenomenon also occurs when the wavelength in the cable is a sub-multiple of s/n, i.e. when it is equal to s/2n, s/3n, s/4n, s/5n, etc.
  • the distance between aperture arrangements s/2n can be chosen in such a way that there is no resonance below a specified f res1 frequency.
  • f no res is chosen equal ⁇ 7500 MHz which is well above the highest frequency at which radiating cables are currently used.
  • FIG. 7b and 7c illustrate two possible location of a cable 1 according to the invention with respect to a surface 101, in order to provide a radio coverage on the area 100.
  • a cable installation 500 according to the present invention comprises the cable 1 and the surface 101, which is preferably either a wall or a ceiling.
  • the first 111 and the second 121 generatrixes form a plane 201.
  • the surface 101 is a vertical wall.
  • the first 11 and second 12 rows are most preferably on top of each other, approximately in the same vertical plane.
  • the angle ⁇ between this plane 201 and the direction parallel to the surface 101 is preferably between - 45° and + 45°, more preferably between -10° and + 10°, even more preferably between - 5° and + 5°. The preferred embodiment occurs when this angle ⁇ is equal to 0° and when the angle ⁇ between the generatrixes is equal to 180°.
  • the surface 101 is a vaulted ceiling.
  • the first 111 and the second 121 generatrixes form a first plane 201.
  • the straight line 207 is orthogonal to the cable longitudinal axis and tangent to the surface 101 at the point closest to the cable.
  • the angle ⁇ between planes 201 and the direction parallel to the straight line 207 is preferably between - 45° and + 45°°, more preferably between - 10° and + 10°, even more preferably between - 5° and + 5°. The preferred embodiment occurs when this angle ⁇ is equal to 0° and when the angle ⁇ between the generatrixes is equal to 180°.
  • the angle between the vertical direction and the plane 201 is between - 45° and + 45°, more preferably between -10° and + 10°, even more preferably between - 5° and + 5.
  • the demonstration that the radiating cable 1 according to the invention attenuates or suppress the undesirable secondary modes presented hereafter concerns the area in which the rows located along both generatrixes 111 and 121 contribute significantly to the field produced. This case is the most complicated because it has to be demonstrated, that with the cable according to the invention, the contributions of rows located on opposite sides interfere constructively. If the cable is installed along a wall 101 with the generatrix 111 and 121 substantially placed on the upper and lower sides as shown in Fig. 7a , the field produced by the two rows are of comparable strength at many places in the area 100. Nevertheless, it will appear that the following demonstration also applies in the areas 102 of Fig. 7a where there are only the rows located along one generatrix which are in line of sight.
  • Fig. 8a, b, c respectively represent front, top and side views of the outer conductor 4 of a segment of radiating cable 1 according to the present invention.
  • the cable 1 is connected at its left end to a Tx/Rx.
  • Fig. 8b does not show the row 12 as it is on the hidden side of the cable 1.
  • the array 10 being repeated at a constant pitch s, (4) and (5) are applicable to the array of aperture arrangements described in Fig. 8 .
  • the axis of the cable and the point P define a plane which is slightly slanted. In this plane, the main mode propagates in the direction ⁇ 1 given by (6). This angle represented in Fig. 8b is slightly narrower than ⁇ 1 due to the slope of the considered plane.
  • each aperture arrangement in the outer conductor behaves similarly to a slot antenna.
  • the arrays of aperture arrangements the radiations of which arrive in phase at point P therefore produce an electric field E represented by a vector on Fig. 8a, b, c .
  • Fig. 9a is the front view corresponding to Fig. 9b .
  • phase shift ⁇ (in radians) between the radiations emitted by two adjacent aperture arrangements belonging to the same row (11 or 12) can be calculated by applying the same rationale as for (2), taking into account that these aperture arrangements are separated by a distance equal to s/2n.
  • Fig. 10a, b show side views of the outer conductor 4 of a cable segment through which a current flows to the right.
  • This outer conductor 4 has an aperture arrangement 31 on the up side ( Fig. 10a ) or an aperture arrangement 32 on the down side ( Fig. 10b ).
  • the current in the outer conductor 4 produces a voltage at the edges of the aperture arrangement symbolized by the + and - signs.
  • 10a, b refer to 3 areas on the aperture arrangement side: A is located upstream, B in front of the aperture arrangement and C downstream.
  • the letters D, E and F refer to three areas on the opposite side, D is downstream, E is opposite to B and F is upstream. Note that the directions of the paths between aperture arrangement 31 (or 32) and points A, B, C and D are grazing with respect to the axis of the cable. Conversely, points E and B lie in directions transverse.
  • an aperture arrangement 32 on the down side generates, in the vicinity of points A, B, C, D and F, a significant electric field anti-clockwise oriented as represented by the arrow in continuous line in Fig. 10b .
  • the field is much weaker and clockwise oriented in the area around point E where it is represented by the arrow in dashed lines.
  • the point P is on the row 12 side as it is located at a slightly lower height than the single array 10. It can therefore be assumed that the row 11 produces there a weaker field than the row 12, let's say R times (with R ⁇ 1) the one which is produced by the row 12. Moreover, it is not required that the aperture arrangements in row 11 be identical to those in row 12.
  • the negative sign in (14) involves that R would be negative (but low in absolute value) in the areas where the field due to one row is significantly weaker than the one produced by the other row.
  • the absolute value of the numerator of (24) is equal to 1 and the absolute value of the denominator is ⁇ 1.
  • sin 3 ⁇ /2n ⁇ 3 ⁇ /2n and (24) therefore is equal to sin 3 ⁇ 2 sin 3 ⁇ 2 n ⁇ ⁇ 2 n 3 ⁇ which means that the field strength of the 3 rd propagation is approximately one third of the field strength of the 1 st mode.
  • the actual value of R depends on position of the considered point with respect to the cable and also on the relative strength of the fields due to rows 11 and 12. If the aperture arrangements of the rows 11 and 12 are identical, R would be close to 1 in the area approximately at the same height as the cable. This means that the upper and lower aperture arrangements contribute constructively to the field. This corresponds, in particular, to the case of railway tunnels in which the cable is often installed at the level of the carriage windows in order to provide communications into trains.
  • the field is essentially produced by either the upper rows 11 or the lower rows 12. However, it does not mean that the field is weaker there because these areas are in front of one of the rows of aperture arrangements where the field strength is high anyway.
  • aperture arrangements whose main axis is orthogonal to the cable axis 200 such as the ones in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 have the disadvantage that they produce a weaker field when the direction of propagation of the main mode (defined by the angle ⁇ 1 ) is around 90°.
  • the ⁇ 1 interval within which this weakness occurs depends, among other things, on the shape of the aperture arrangements. With transverse elongated apertures (such as transverse slots), this is the case when ⁇ 1 is an interval 33 shown in Fig. 11 which extends from ⁇ 60 to ⁇ 120°.
  • Fig. 12,13a, b and 14a, b show another preferred embodiment that minimize this inconvenient.
  • the aperture axis 203, 204 of the apertures 13 i , 14 i of the first 13 and second 14 rows are slanted, preferably symmetrically at an angle ⁇ , with respect to the axis 200 of the cable.
  • ⁇ is preferably between 10° and 90°, more preferably about 45°.
  • the apertures 13 i , of the first row 13 are slanted towards the second end 302 of the radiating cable 1
  • the apertures 14 i of the second row 14 are slanted towards the first end 301 of the radiating cable 1. If the cable 1 is installed along a surface 101 (as illustrated on Fig.
  • the aperture 13 i of the first row 13 has a distal end 131 and a proximal end 132, the proximal end 132 being closer to the surface 101 than the distal end 131; and the aperture 14 i of the second row 14 has a distal end 141 and a proximal end 142, the proximal end 142 being closer to the surface 101 than the distal end 141.
  • the proximal end 132 is further to the first end 301 of the cable than the distal end 131, and for each aperture 14i of the second row 14, the proximal end 142 is closer to the first end 301 of the cable than the distal end 141.
  • the aperture 13i, 14i of the first 13 and second 14 rows are not identical as they are slanted in direction symmetrical with respect to the axis of the case.
  • Fig. 15 , 16a, b and 17a, b show another preferred embodiment that minimize the above-mentioned the disadvantage of aperture 11i and 12i whose main axis is orthogonal to the cable axis 200.
  • the aperture axis 205, 206 of the apertures 15 i , 16 i of the first 15 and second 16 rows are slanted parallel at an angle ⁇ with respect to the axis 200 of the cable.
  • ⁇ is preferably between 10° and 90°, more preferably about 45°.
  • the apertures 15 i , of the first row 15 and the apertures 16 i of the second row 16 are slanted towards the end 302 of the radiating cable 1 which is opposite to the end 301 connected to the Tx/Rx. If the cable 1 is installed along a surface 101 (as illustrated on Fig. 7a, b, c ), the aperture 15i of the first row 15 has a distal end 151 and a proximal end 152, the proximal end 152 being closer to the surface 101 than the distal end 151; and the aperture 16i of the second row 16 has a distal end 161 and a proximal end 162, the proximal end 162 being closer to the surface 101 than the distal end 161.
  • the apertures 15 i , 16 i of the first 15 and second 16 rows are slanted towards the same end 302 of the cable 1, for each aperture 15i, 16i of both rows 15, 16, the distal end 151, 161 is closer to the first end 301 of the cable than the proximal end 152, 162.
  • the embodiment described in Fig. 15 and 16a, b has the advantage of maximising the intensity of the radiation on one side of the cable (i.e. into the area in which it is required) and minimising that emitted towards the wall or ceiling to which it is attached.
  • Fig. 18a, b, c show some possible embodiments where the aperture arrangements are slots with rounded ends.
  • Fig. 18a, b, c show some possible embodiments where the aperture arrangements are slots with rounded ends.
  • n aperture arrangements in the first row 13 (respectively 17) and in the second row 14 (respectively 18) all feature the same reflection coefficient.
  • Fig. 19a and b show more complex aperture arrangements 23 i , 24 i , 25 i , and 26 i comprising slot sections oriented in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • Such aperture arrangements have the advantage of being less directional, thus avoiding low radiation in certain directions of the main propagation mode.
  • many other aperture arrangements inspired by those described in Figure 19 also have this property and have to be considered part of the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • an aperture arrangement 5 may include a plurality of apertures substantially aligned in the transverse and longitudinal directions as illustrated by several examples represented at Fig. 20a, b, c, d .
  • Such an aperture arrangement may be called a set, or an aperture arrangement set.
  • such a set may be regarded as behaving as a single aperture.
  • the sets in an array 10 have the same reflection coefficient and all sets in a row have substantially identical radiation patterns and they produce substantially the same field strength for a given current flowing in the outer conductor of the cable. This is the case if they are identical, but may also be the case if they differ in shape and/or size. It is also not required that the centres of the sets in the same row are perfectly aligned in the longitudinal direction.
  • Fig. 20a illustrates an embodiment in which each aperture 11 i and 12 i of the embodiment of Fig. 5 and 7 is respectively replaced by a set 41 i and 42 i including two identical slots.
  • Fig. 20b illustrates an embodiment in which each aperture 11 i and 12i of the embodiment of Fig. 5 and 7 is respectively replaced by a set 43 i and 44 i including two identical slots.
  • the centres of the sets 43 i and 44 i are not perfectly aligned in the longitudinal direction.
  • Fig. 20c illustrates an embodiment in which the sets 45 i and 46 i include two slots slanted in opposite directions.
  • the sets 45 i and 46 i feature the same reflection coefficient.
  • Fig. 20d illustrates an embodiment in which the sets 47 i and 48 i include one transverse and one slanted slot.
  • the sets 47 i (48 i ) in the row 47 (48) are not identical, they have substantially identical radiation patterns and produce substantially the same field strength for a given current flowing in the outer conductor of the cable.
  • all these aperture arrangements have the same reflection coefficient.
  • Fig. 21 describes schematically the principle of another embodiment in which the arrays 10, repeated at a constant spacing s, include a variable number of aperture arrangements (or sets). This principle makes it possible to compensate for the attenuation of the signal propagating in the cable by gradually increasing the number of aperture arrangements (or sets) per array.
  • the cable is divided into three segments 51, 52 and 53 the arrays of which includes respectively 2n 1 , 2n 2 and 2n 3 aperture arrangements (or sets), with n 3 > n 2 > n 1 .
  • the lowest resonance frequency corresponds to the segment with the smallest number of aperture arrangements (or sets) in an array and can be calculated with (11).
  • a variation of this principle is to keep the number of aperture arrangements (or sets) per array constant but varying their size in order to control the strength of the radiated field.
  • the invention relates to a radiating cable 1 including an inner conductor 2, a dielectric material 3 surrounding the inner conductor and a single outer conductor 4 surrounding the dielectric material 3.
  • the outer conductor 4 is covered by an insulating outer sheath.
  • This outer conductor 4 includes arrays 10 including two rows of aperture arrangements 11 and 12 distributed along two substantially diametrically opposed generatrixes.
  • the arrays 10 of two rows of aperture arrangements 11 and 12 are configured in such a way that the secondary propagation modes are attenuated or suppressed, and that no resonance frequency or stop band appear within a chosen frequency band.
EP21153732.9A 2021-01-27 2021-01-27 Abstrahlendes koaxialkabel Withdrawn EP4037100A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21153732.9A EP4037100A1 (de) 2021-01-27 2021-01-27 Abstrahlendes koaxialkabel
PCT/EP2022/051838 WO2022162037A1 (en) 2021-01-27 2022-01-27 Radiating coaxial cable

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21153732.9A EP4037100A1 (de) 2021-01-27 2021-01-27 Abstrahlendes koaxialkabel

Publications (1)

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EP4037100A1 true EP4037100A1 (de) 2022-08-03

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2215711A1 (de) * 1973-01-25 1974-08-23 British Insulated Callenders
EP1739789A1 (de) 2005-06-30 2007-01-03 Institut Scientifique de Service Public Abstrahlendes Koaxialkabel
US20100001817A1 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-01-07 Fujikura Ltd. Leaky coaxial cable
EP2221921A1 (de) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-25 Vivant Medical, Inc. Leckwellenantennen für medizinische Anwendungen
CN204966704U (zh) 2015-08-17 2016-01-13 江苏省邮电规划设计院有限责任公司 一种具备双向无线网覆盖性能的泄漏电缆天线

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108808255B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2020-12-11 中天射频电缆有限公司 漏泄同轴电缆

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2215711A1 (de) * 1973-01-25 1974-08-23 British Insulated Callenders
EP1739789A1 (de) 2005-06-30 2007-01-03 Institut Scientifique de Service Public Abstrahlendes Koaxialkabel
US20100001817A1 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-01-07 Fujikura Ltd. Leaky coaxial cable
EP2221921A1 (de) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-25 Vivant Medical, Inc. Leckwellenantennen für medizinische Anwendungen
CN204966704U (zh) 2015-08-17 2016-01-13 江苏省邮电规划设计院有限责任公司 一种具备双向无线网覆盖性能的泄漏电缆天线

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