EP4032779B1 - Gap-filling device with brush for maintenance of railway rolling stock - Google Patents

Gap-filling device with brush for maintenance of railway rolling stock Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4032779B1
EP4032779B1 EP22151649.5A EP22151649A EP4032779B1 EP 4032779 B1 EP4032779 B1 EP 4032779B1 EP 22151649 A EP22151649 A EP 22151649A EP 4032779 B1 EP4032779 B1 EP 4032779B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gap
maintenance
filaments
filling device
core
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EP22151649.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP4032779A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Louis ISSARTEL
Jean-Luc DANGLER
Eric OBJOIS
Thierry BONNEAUD
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SNCF Voyageurs SA
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SNCF Voyageurs SA
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Publication of EP4032779A1 publication Critical patent/EP4032779A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K13/00—Other auxiliaries or accessories for railways

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gap-filling device for maintenance, in particular the maintenance of railway rolling stock.
  • the invention relates to a device making it possible to ensure the safety of the maintenance of railway rolling stock, in particular during maintenance interventions in the upper part and/or the roof of the rolling stock.
  • railway rolling stock is, for example, powered (such as a locomotive) or towed (such as a car or wagon) or self-propelled rolling stock, adapted to transport passengers and/or goods.
  • maintenance structures including for example maintenance walkways adapted to the configuration of the railway equipment being maintained.
  • These maintenance structures include fixed elements which respect all possible sizes of the equipment to be maintained and cannot therefore directly interfere with the railway rolling stock. There therefore remains a space between the material and the structure, called a gap.
  • gap-filling devices are implemented.
  • the objective of these gap-filling devices is to limit or even eliminate the space existing between the maintenance structure and the equipment being maintained.
  • These devices are generally mobile and motorized and make it possible to adapt to rolling stock of different configurations. They therefore make it possible to compensate for shortcomings whatever the size of the rolling stock.
  • the document KR 2003 0084875 A discloses a gap-filling device.
  • the device is made up of brushes and is fixed to the station platform. The gap between the platform and the railway vehicle entering the station is filled by the brush of the device.
  • the type of equipment to be maintained has a fixed size.
  • the rolling stock is of the same model.
  • complex gap-filling solutions allowing adaptation to several templates are superfluous because they present a certain number of disadvantages: the different mechanisms allowing adjustment to different templates have strong constraints of masses, recovery of load, movement, mechanical constraints and routing of connectors and connecting wires, in particular for mobile platforms moving in line with the maintenance structure.
  • the inventors therefore sought a solution making it possible to obtain a gap-filling device intended for equipment with uniform dimensions without the disadvantages of current gap-filling devices.
  • the invention aims to provide a gap-filling device making it possible to fill the space between equipment under maintenance and a maintenance structure, and overcoming the disadvantages of known gap-filling devices.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide, in at least one embodiment, a simple gap-filling device that can easily adapt to the template of a single piece of equipment.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a gap filling device that is easily replaceable and removable and whose maintenance is low.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a gap filling device complying with the regulations concerning protection against the risk of falling objects or tools.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a gap-filling device presenting little risk of malfunction.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an inexpensive gap-filling device.
  • a gap-filling device therefore makes it easy to adapt to the homogeneous template of maintenance equipment.
  • the gap-filling device is inexpensive and presents little risk of malfunction because it does not include on-board technological components subject to defects.
  • the brush prevents tools or objects from falling into the gap between the maintenance structure and the rolling stock.
  • All of the filaments (also called “hairs”) of the brush, formed in rows, ensure this function over the entire gap covered by the gap-filling device effectively by forming mechanical resistance to falling object.
  • the presence of the elastomer blade prevents falling objects or sharp tools which could slip between the filaments of the brush.
  • the gap filling device thus allows compliance with regulations concerning protection against the risk of falling objects and/or tools.
  • the use of a brush composed of filaments also allows the gap filling device to be particularly adapted to the friction which can occur during the installation of railway rolling stock which is brought by rail to the site maintenance.
  • the gap-filling brush device does not require deployment or adjustment in relation to the equipment being maintained, operators can initiate the protection procedure in order to access the maintenance installation.
  • the dimensional or positioning adjustments of the gap-filling device are established mainly by prior design study, and additional adjustments can be implemented at the first installation or after each replacement of the gap-filling device. .
  • the interface support and core are permanently attached or removable.
  • the core comprises a plurality of holes in each of which a group of filaments is embedded, said holes being distributed over the entire main direction of the core so that all of the groups of associated filaments to holes aligned in the main direction form a row of filaments.
  • the holes of at least two adjacent rows of filaments are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the arrangement of the rows of filaments makes it possible to minimize the risks of objects or tools passing between the filaments, by forming groups of filaments embedded in the same hole in the core.
  • the filaments are made of nylon.
  • the nylon has advantageous characteristics for forming the filaments of the brush, because it has sufficient rigidity for the brush to prevent the object or tool from falling, while maintaining flexibility to allow bending if the filaments come into contact with the rolling stock.
  • nylon is inexpensive, which reduces the total cost of the gap filling device.
  • a gap filling device comprises at least six rows of filaments, at least three rows of filaments being arranged on one side of the elastomer lamella and at least three rows of filaments being arranged on the other side of the elastomer lamella.
  • the six rows of filaments make it possible to perform the gap-filling function effectively.
  • the filaments have a length of between 7cm and 13cm.
  • the height of the brush defined by the spacing between the two furthest rows of filaments, is between 3cm and 8cm.
  • the length of the gap-filling device is between 50cm and 200cm.
  • the invention also relates to a system for maintaining equipment, particularly railway equipment, comprising a maintenance structure arranged to allow access to the upper parts and/or the roof of the equipment under maintenance, characterized in that it comprises at least one device gap filler according to the invention, fixed to the maintenance structure and configured to prevent objects from falling between the equipment under maintenance and the maintenance structure.
  • a maintenance system allows the maintenance of equipment, in particular railway equipment, of substantially homogeneous size by allowing access to the upper parts and/or the roof of the equipment under maintenance.
  • the gap-filling devices according to the invention installed on the maintenance structure make it possible to avoid the fall of objects and/or tools under the intervention zone during maintenance operations on the upper parts and/or the roofing.
  • the brush fills the gap between the maintenance structure and the equipment being maintained by the presence of filaments and the elastomer lamella.
  • the gap filling device is fixed to the structure so as to present an angle of between 10° and 45° relative to the horizontal.
  • the invention also relates to a gap filling device and a maintenance system, characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates from the side a gap filling device 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG 2 schematically and partially illustrates the gap-filling device 10 according to section AA of the figure 1 .
  • Figure 3 illustrates the gap filling device 10 seen from above.
  • the gap-filling device 10 comprises an interface support 12 configured to be connected to a maintenance structure 110 shown here partially and schematically.
  • the maintenance structure 110 is for example formed of a maintenance gateway (see figure 4 described below) allowing access to the upper parts or the roof of equipment under maintenance, in particularly railway rolling stock.
  • the gap filling device 10 further comprises a brush 14 configured to prevent objects from falling into a gap between the equipment being maintained and the maintenance structure during a maintenance operation.
  • Said brush comprises a core 16 configured to be fixed to the interface support 12 and extending in a main direction 20 (visible on the Figure 3 ).
  • the brush 14 also comprises at least two rows of filaments, here six rows 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f of nylon filaments, distributed along the main direction.
  • Each filament of each row has a portion embedded in the core 16 and a portion emerging from the core in a filament direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction.
  • partial section 200 on the figure 1 allows a portion 218f of the row 18f of filaments to be observed, said portion 218f of filaments being embedded in the core 16.
  • the brush also comprises at least one elastomer blade 22 extending over the entire main direction 20 of the core, comprising a portion embedded in the core and a portion emerging from the core 16 in a direction substantially parallel to the directions of the cores. filaments, arranged between at least two rows of filaments.
  • the elastomeric lamella 22 separates the six rows of filaments into two groups, a first group of three rows 18a, 18b, 18c arranged on one side of the elastomeric lamella 22 and a second group of three rows 18d, 18e, 18f arranged on the other side of the elastomer strip 22.
  • This elastomeric strip 22 makes it possible to prevent the fall of sharp objects which could slip between the rows of filaments.
  • the core 16 comprises a plurality of holes 24 distributed in the core and distributed over the entire main direction 20 of the core. These holes each include a group of filaments, making it possible to form the brush.
  • the aligned holes form the rows 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f of filaments. To maximize the effectiveness of the gap-filling device, the holes in adjacent rows are staggered.
  • the filaments and the elastomer strip 22 embedded in the core 16 are thus integrally assembled to hold the entire brush.
  • Fixing the brush to the interface support is ensured by fixing means, for example of the self-locking screw type, guaranteeing braking and holding in position.
  • the height h of the brush is advantageously between 3cm and 8cm, for example 5cm.
  • the length Lf of the filaments is advantageously between 7cm and 13cm, for example 10cm.
  • the length Ld of the gap filling device is between 50cm and 200cm.
  • the gap filling device as shown in the Figure 3 is not shown to scale: it has a short length for illustrative purposes, and could be much longer depending on the embodiments. A greater length allows a greater gap width to be covered but is more expensive to replace in the event of occasional wear.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents an equipment maintenance system 100, for example railway rolling stock 50, for example a train car, whether powered or not.
  • the rolling stock is brought into the maintenance system 100 to carry out maintenance operations.
  • the equipment 50 is for example driven by rails 112 to the maintenance zone, and rests on these rails 112 during maintenance.
  • the maintenance system 100 includes a maintenance structure arranged to allow access to the upper parts and/or the roof of the equipment 50 under maintenance.
  • the structure comprises for example a first part 110a and a second part 110b, arranged on either side of the rolling stock.
  • devices 10a and 10b gap fillers as described previously are used.
  • the gap-filling devices 10a, 10b are preferably arranged below path surfaces 116a, 116b where the operators walk, so as to prevent people from naturally walking on them.
  • the gap-filling devices 10a, 10b can thus present a marking (regulatory or dedicated), for example a symbol or a pattern, so as to encourage the vigilance of operators circulating on the path surfaces 116a, 116b.
  • the gap filling device When installing the gap-filling device(s) on the maintenance structure, adjustment may be necessary to adapt to the size of the equipment being maintained. Once this adjustment has been made, the gap filling device can be used for all equipment of similar size without requiring additional adjustment.
  • the presence of flexible filaments allows the device to adapt in the event of slight variations, due for example to wear of the rolling stock (wheels, suspensions, springs for example) or of the maintenance structure (wear of the rails, minimal movements structure, etc.)

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention concerne un dispositif de comble-lacune pour la maintenance, en particulier la maintenance de matériel roulant ferroviaire. En particulier l'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'assurer la sécurité de la maintenance de matériel roulant ferroviaire, notamment lors d'interventions de maintenance dans la partie haute et/ou la toiture du matériel roulant.The invention relates to a gap-filling device for maintenance, in particular the maintenance of railway rolling stock. In particular, the invention relates to a device making it possible to ensure the safety of the maintenance of railway rolling stock, in particular during maintenance interventions in the upper part and/or the roof of the rolling stock.

Arrière-plan technologiqueTechnology background

L'exploitation et la maintenance de matériel roulant ferroviaire nécessitent la mise en oeuvre d'installations de maintenance appropriées. Les matériels roulants de dernière génération, contrairement aux matériels plus anciens, embarquent leurs équipements et leurs composants techniques essentiellement sur la toiture et/ou en partie haute. Le matériel roulant ferroviaire est par exemple un matériel roulant moteur (tel qu'une locomotive) ou remorqué (tel qu'une voiture ou un wagon) ou automoteur, adapté pour transporter des voyageurs et/ou des marchandises.The operation and maintenance of railway rolling stock requires the implementation of appropriate maintenance installations. The latest generation rolling stock, unlike older equipment, carries its equipment and technical components mainly on the roof and/or in the upper part. Railway rolling stock is, for example, powered (such as a locomotive) or towed (such as a car or wagon) or self-propelled rolling stock, adapted to transport passengers and/or goods.

Afin de pouvoir réaliser la maintenance de ces équipements, le personnel de maintenance accès à la partie haute et/ou la toiture grâce à des structures de maintenance, comprenant par exemple des passerelles de maintenance adaptées à la configuration du matériel ferroviaire entretenu. Ces structures de maintenance comprennent des éléments fixes qui respectent l'ensemble des gabarits possibles des matériels à maintenir et ne peuvent donc interférer directement avec le matériel roulant ferroviaire. Il subsiste donc un espace entre le matériel et la structure, appelé lacune.In order to be able to carry out maintenance on this equipment, maintenance personnel have access to the upper part and/or the roof using maintenance structures, including for example maintenance walkways adapted to the configuration of the railway equipment being maintained. These maintenance structures include fixed elements which respect all possible sizes of the equipment to be maintained and cannot therefore directly interfere with the railway rolling stock. There therefore remains a space between the material and the structure, called a gap.

Pour éviter les chutes d'objets et/ou de personnes, des dispositifs de comble-lacune sont mis en oeuvre. L'objectif de ces dispositifs de comble-lacune est de limiter voire éliminer l'espace existant entre la structure de maintenance et le matériel en maintenance. Ces dispositifs sont généralement mobiles et motorisés et permettent de s'adapter à des matériels roulant de configurations différentes. Ils permettent donc de compenser les lacunes quel que soit le gabarit du matériel roulant.To prevent falling objects and/or people, gap-filling devices are implemented. The objective of these gap-filling devices is to limit or even eliminate the space existing between the maintenance structure and the equipment being maintained. These devices are generally mobile and motorized and make it possible to adapt to rolling stock of different configurations. They therefore make it possible to compensate for shortcomings whatever the size of the rolling stock.

Le document KR 2003 0084875 A divulgue un dispositif de comble-lacune. Le dispositif est formé de brosses et est fixé sur la plateforme de la gare. L'écart entre la plateforme et le véhicule ferroviaire rentrant dans la gare est comblé par la brosse du dispositif.The document KR 2003 0084875 A discloses a gap-filling device. The device is made up of brushes and is fixed to the station platform. The gap between the platform and the railway vehicle entering the station is filled by the brush of the device.

Cependant, dans certains contextes, le type de matériel devant faire l'objet de maintenance a un gabarit fixe. Par exemple, lorsque tous les matériels roulants sont d'un même modèle. Dans ce cas, les solutions complexes de comble-lacune permettant de s'adapter à plusieurs gabarits sont superflus car ils présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients : les différents mécanismes permettant l'ajustement à des gabarits différents ont des fortes contraintes de masses, de reprise de charge, de mouvement, de contraintes mécaniques et de cheminement de connectiques et de fils de liaisons, en particulier pour des plates-formes mobiles se déplaçant au droit de la structure de maintenance.However, in certain contexts, the type of equipment to be maintained has a fixed size. For example, when all the rolling stock is of the same model. In this case, complex gap-filling solutions allowing adaptation to several templates are superfluous because they present a certain number of disadvantages: the different mechanisms allowing adjustment to different templates have strong constraints of masses, recovery of load, movement, mechanical constraints and routing of connectors and connecting wires, in particular for mobile platforms moving in line with the maintenance structure.

Pour ces raisons, le coût d'installation de tels solutions de comble-lacune est important, et nécessite l'installation de capteurs et d'un automate permettant la gestion de la position et du mouvement du dispositif de comble-lacune, et assurer la sécurité des opérateurs de maintenance.For these reasons, the cost of installing such gap-filling solutions is significant, and requires the installation of sensors and a controller allowing the management of the position and movement of the gap-filling device, and ensuring the safety of maintenance operators.

Les inventeurs ont donc cherché une solution permettant d'obtenir un dispositif de comble-lacune destiné à un matériel aux dimensions homogènes sans les inconvénients des dispositifs de comble-lacune actuels.The inventors therefore sought a solution making it possible to obtain a gap-filling device intended for equipment with uniform dimensions without the disadvantages of current gap-filling devices.

Objectifs de l'inventionObjectives of the invention

L'invention vise à fournir un dispositif de comble-lacune permettant de combler l'espace entre un matériel en maintenance et une structure de maintenance, et palliant les inconvénients des dispositifs de comble-lacune connus.The invention aims to provide a gap-filling device making it possible to fill the space between equipment under maintenance and a maintenance structure, and overcoming the disadvantages of known gap-filling devices.

L'invention vise en particulier à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un dispositif de comble-lacune simple pouvant s'adapter facilement au gabarit d'un matériel unique.The invention aims in particular to provide, in at least one embodiment, a simple gap-filling device that can easily adapt to the template of a single piece of equipment.

L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un dispositif de comble-lacune facilement remplaçable et démontable et dont la maintenance est faible.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a gap filling device that is easily replaceable and removable and whose maintenance is low.

L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un dispositif de comble-lacune respectant la réglementation concernant la protection contre le risque de chutes d'objet ou d'outils.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a gap filling device complying with the regulations concerning protection against the risk of falling objects or tools.

L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un dispositif de comble-lacune présentant peu de risque de disfonctionnement.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a gap-filling device presenting little risk of malfunction.

L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un dispositif de comble-lacune peu coûteux.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an inexpensive gap-filling device.

Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention

Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un dispositif de comble-lacune pour la maintenance de matériel notamment ferroviaire, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un support d'interface configuré pour être relié à une structure de maintenance, et une brosse configurée pour éviter la chute d'objet dans une lacune entre le matériel en maintenance et la structure de maintenance lors d'une opération de maintenance, ladite brosse comprenant :

  • une âme configurée pour être fixée au support d'interface et s'étendant selon une direction principale ;
  • au moins deux rangées de filaments répartis selon la direction principale, chaque filament de chaque rangée ayant une portion noyée dans l'âme et une portion émergeant de l'âme selon une direction de filament sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction principale ;
  • au moins une lamelle élastomère s'étendant sur toute la direction principale de l'âme, comprenant une portion noyée dans l'âme et une portion émergeant de l'âme selon une direction sensiblement parallèle aux directions des filaments, agencée entre au moins deux rangées de filaments.
To do this, the invention relates to a gap-filling device for the maintenance of equipment, particularly railway equipment, characterized in that it comprises an interface support configured to be connected to a maintenance structure, and a brush configured to avoid the falling of an object into a gap between the equipment under maintenance and the maintenance structure during a maintenance operation, said brush comprising:
  • a core configured to be attached to the interface support and extending in a principal direction;
  • at least two rows of filaments distributed along the main direction, each filament of each row having a portion embedded in the core and a portion emerging from the core in a filament direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction;
  • at least one elastomeric strip extending over the entire main direction of the core, comprising a portion embedded in the core and a portion emerging from the core in a direction substantially parallel to the directions of the filaments, arranged between at least two rows of filaments.

Un dispositif de comble-lacune selon l'invention permet donc de s'adapter facilement au gabarit homogène de matériels de maintenance. Le dispositif de comble-lacune est peu coûteux et présente peu de risques de disfonctionnement car il ne comprend pas de composants technologiques embarqués et sujets à défauts.A gap-filling device according to the invention therefore makes it easy to adapt to the homogeneous template of maintenance equipment. The gap-filling device is inexpensive and presents little risk of malfunction because it does not include on-board technological components subject to defects.

En installant le dispositif de comble-lacune sur une structure de maintenance, la brosse permet d'éviter la chute d'outils ou d'objets dans la lacune entre la structure de maintenance et le matériel roulant. L'ensemble des filaments (aussi appelés « poils ») de la brosse, formés en rangées, permettent d'assurer cette fonction sur l'ensemble de la lacune couverte par le dispositif de comble-lacune de manière efficace en formant une résistance mécanique à la chute d'objet. La présence de la lamelle en élastomère permet d'éviter la chute d'objets ou d'outils effilés qui pourraient se glisser entre les filaments de la brosse. Le dispositif de comble-lacune permet ainsi le respect des réglementations concernant la protection contre le risque de chutes d'objets et/ou d'outils. L'utilisation d'une brosse composée de filaments permet en outre au dispositif de comble-lacune d'être particulièrement adapté aux frottements qui peuvent se produire lors de la mise en place d'un matériel roulant ferroviaire qui est amené par rail sur le lieu de la maintenance. Le dispositif de brosse comble lacune ne nécessitant pas de déploiement ni d'ajustement vis-à-vis du matériel en maintenance, les opérateurs peuvent initier la procédure de protection afin d'accéder à l'installation de maintenance. En particulier, les réglages de dimensions ou de positionnement du dispositif de comble-lacune sont établis en majeure partie par étude de conception préalable, et des réglages additionnels peuvent être mis en oeuvre à la première installation ou après chaque remplacement de dispositif de comble-lacune.By installing the gap filling device on a maintenance structure, the brush prevents tools or objects from falling into the gap between the maintenance structure and the rolling stock. All of the filaments (also called “hairs”) of the brush, formed in rows, ensure this function over the entire gap covered by the gap-filling device effectively by forming mechanical resistance to falling object. The presence of the elastomer blade prevents falling objects or sharp tools which could slip between the filaments of the brush. The gap filling device thus allows compliance with regulations concerning protection against the risk of falling objects and/or tools. The use of a brush composed of filaments also allows the gap filling device to be particularly adapted to the friction which can occur during the installation of railway rolling stock which is brought by rail to the site maintenance. Since the gap-filling brush device does not require deployment or adjustment in relation to the equipment being maintained, operators can initiate the protection procedure in order to access the maintenance installation. In particular, the dimensional or positioning adjustments of the gap-filling device are established mainly by prior design study, and additional adjustments can be implemented at the first installation or after each replacement of the gap-filling device. .

Le support d'interface et l'âme sont fixés de façon permanente ou amovible. En particulier, en cas de maintenance du dispositif de comble-lacune, il est possible de remplacer uniquement l'âme ou bien tout le dispositif, selon les variantes de l'invention. Si seule l'âme est remplacée, le support d'interface peut rester relié à la structure de maintenance et les réglages de position sont ainsi maintenus. Dans tous les cas, la maintenance du dispositif de comble-lacune est simplifiée.The interface support and core are permanently attached or removable. In particular, in the event of maintenance of the gap-filling device, it is possible to replace only the core or the entire device, depending on the variants of the invention. If only the core is replaced, the interface support can remain connected to the maintenance structure and the position settings are thus maintained. In all cases, maintenance of the gap filling device is simplified.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention l'âme comprend une pluralité de trous dans chacun desquels est noyé un groupe de filaments, lesdits trous étant répartis sur toute la direction principale de l'âme de sorte à ce que l'ensemble des groupes de filaments associés à des trous alignés dans la direction principale forment une rangée de filaments.Advantageously and according to the invention, the core comprises a plurality of holes in each of which a group of filaments is embedded, said holes being distributed over the entire main direction of the core so that all of the groups of associated filaments to holes aligned in the main direction form a row of filaments.

Avantageusement et selon ce dernier aspect de l'invention les trous d'au moins deux rangées de filaments adjacentes sont agencées en quinconce.Advantageously and according to this last aspect of the invention the holes of at least two adjacent rows of filaments are arranged in a staggered manner.

Selon cet aspect de l'invention, la disposition des rangées de filaments permet de minimiser les risques de passage d'objets ou d'outils entre les filaments, en formant des groupes de filaments noyés dans un même trou de l'âme.According to this aspect of the invention, the arrangement of the rows of filaments makes it possible to minimize the risks of objects or tools passing between the filaments, by forming groups of filaments embedded in the same hole in the core.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention les filaments sont en nylon.Advantageously and according to the invention the filaments are made of nylon.

Selon cet aspect de l'invention, le nylon présente des caractéristiques avantageuses pour former les filaments de la brosse, car il présente une rigidité suffisante pour que la brosse empêche la chute d'objet ou d'outil, tout en conservant une souplesse pour permettre une flexion si les filaments entrent en contact avec le matériel roulant. De plus le nylon est peu coûteux ce qui réduit le coût total du dispositif de comble-lacune.According to this aspect of the invention, the nylon has advantageous characteristics for forming the filaments of the brush, because it has sufficient rigidity for the brush to prevent the object or tool from falling, while maintaining flexibility to allow bending if the filaments come into contact with the rolling stock. In addition, nylon is inexpensive, which reduces the total cost of the gap filling device.

Avantageusement, un dispositif de comble-lacune selon l'invention comprend au moins six rangées de filaments, au moins trois rangées de filaments étant agencées d'un côté de la lamelle élastomère et au moins trois rangées de filaments étant agencées de l'autre côté de la lamelle élastomère.Advantageously, a gap filling device according to the invention comprises at least six rows of filaments, at least three rows of filaments being arranged on one side of the elastomer lamella and at least three rows of filaments being arranged on the other side of the elastomer lamella.

Selon cet aspect de l'invention, les six rangées de filaments permettent d'assurer la fonction de comble-lacune de façon efficace.According to this aspect of the invention, the six rows of filaments make it possible to perform the gap-filling function effectively.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention les filaments ont une longueur comprise entre 7cm et 13cm.Advantageously and according to the invention the filaments have a length of between 7cm and 13cm.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention la hauteur de la brosse, définie par l'écartement entre les deux rangées de filaments les plus éloignées, est comprise entre 3cm et 8cm.Advantageously and according to the invention the height of the brush, defined by the spacing between the two furthest rows of filaments, is between 3cm and 8cm.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la longueur du dispositif de comble-lacune, définie selon la direction principale, est comprise entre 50cm et 200cm.Advantageously and according to the invention, the length of the gap-filling device, defined in the main direction, is between 50cm and 200cm.

L'invention concerne également un système de maintenance de matériel, notamment ferroviaire, comprenant une structure de maintenance agencée pour permettre un accès aux parties hautes et/ou à la toiture du matériel en maintenance, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un dispositif de comble-lacune selon l'invention, fixé à la structure de maintenance et configuré pour éviter la chute d'objet entre le matériel en maintenance et la structure de maintenance.The invention also relates to a system for maintaining equipment, particularly railway equipment, comprising a maintenance structure arranged to allow access to the upper parts and/or the roof of the equipment under maintenance, characterized in that it comprises at least one device gap filler according to the invention, fixed to the maintenance structure and configured to prevent objects from falling between the equipment under maintenance and the maintenance structure.

Un système de maintenance selon l'invention permet la maintenance de matériel, notamment ferroviaire, de gabarit sensiblement homogène en permettant l'accès aux parties hautes et/ou à la toiture du matériel en maintenance. Les dispositifs de comble-lacune selon l'invention installés sur la structure de maintenance permettent d'éviter la chute d'objets et/ou d'outils sous la zone d'intervention lors des opérations de maintenance sur les parties hautes et/ou la toiture. En particulier, la brosse comble la lacune entre la structure de maintenance et le matériel en maintenance par la présence des filaments et de la lamelle élastomère.A maintenance system according to the invention allows the maintenance of equipment, in particular railway equipment, of substantially homogeneous size by allowing access to the upper parts and/or the roof of the equipment under maintenance. The gap-filling devices according to the invention installed on the maintenance structure make it possible to avoid the fall of objects and/or tools under the intervention zone during maintenance operations on the upper parts and/or the roofing. In particular, the brush fills the gap between the maintenance structure and the equipment being maintained by the presence of filaments and the elastomer lamella.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le dispositif de comble-lacune est fixé à la structure de sorte à présenter un angle compris entre 10° et 45° par rapport à l'horizontale.Advantageously and according to the invention, the gap filling device is fixed to the structure so as to present an angle of between 10° and 45° relative to the horizontal.

Selon cet aspect de l'invention, cet angle permet notamment, lors de l'utilisation du dispositif de comble-lacune pour la maintenance d'un matériel roulant :

  • d'augmenter la rigidité des filaments de la brosse, l'extrémité des filaments s'appuyant sur la paroi du matériel en maintenance en cas de chute d'un objet ou d'un outil ;
  • de diminuer la surface de frottement des filaments de la brosse sur la paroi du matériel en maintenance en cas de déplacement du matériel en maintenance ;
  • de faire glisser un objet ou un outil qui chuterait sur le dispositif de comble-lacune vers la structure de maintenance et ainsi l'éloigner du bord de la lacune ;
  • d'éviter la chute ultérieure d'objet ou d'outil laissés sur le dispositif de comble-lacune.
According to this aspect of the invention, this angle allows in particular, when using the gap-filling device for the maintenance of rolling stock:
  • to increase the rigidity of the brush filaments, the end of the filaments resting on the wall of the equipment being maintained in the event of an object or tool falling;
  • to reduce the friction surface of the brush filaments on the wall of the equipment under maintenance in the event of movement of the equipment under maintenance;
  • to slide an object or tool that falls on the gap-filling device towards the maintenance structure and thus move it away from the edge of the gap;
  • to avoid the subsequent fall of objects or tools left on the device gap filling.

L'invention concerne également un dispositif de comble-lacune et un système de maintenance, caractérisés en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après.The invention also relates to a gap filling device and a maintenance system, characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.

Liste des figuresList of Figures

D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante donnée à titre uniquement non limitatif et qui se réfère aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :

  • [Fig. 1] est une vue schématique de côté d'un dispositif de comble-lacune selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • [Fig. 2] est une vue schématique en coupe du dispositif de comble-lacune de la figure 1 ;
  • [Fig. 3] est une vue schématique du dessus d'un dispositif de comble-lacune selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • [Fig. 4] est une vue schématique d'un système de maintenance selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other aims, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given on a non-limiting basis only and which refers to the appended figures in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] is a schematic side view of a gap filling device according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • [ Fig. 2 ] is a schematic sectional view of the gap filling device of the figure 1 ;
  • [ Fig. 3 ] is a schematic top view of a gap filling device according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • [ Fig. 4 ] is a schematic view of a maintenance system according to one embodiment of the invention.

Description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de l'inventionDetailed description of an embodiment of the invention

Sur les figures, les échelles et les proportions ne sont pas strictement respectées et ce, à des fins d'illustration et de clarté.In the figures, scales and proportions are not strictly respected for purposes of illustration and clarity.

En outre, les éléments identiques, similaires ou analogues sont désignés par les mêmes références dans toutes les figures.In addition, identical, similar or analogous elements are designated by the same references in all the figures.

La figure 1 illustre schématiquement de côté un dispositif 10 de comble-lacune selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. La figure 2 illustre schématiquement et partiellement le dispositif 10 de comble-lacune selon la coupe A-A de la figure 1. La figure 3 illustre le dispositif 10 de comble-lacune vu du dessus.There figure 1 schematically illustrates from the side a gap filling device 10 according to one embodiment of the invention. There figure 2 schematically and partially illustrates the gap-filling device 10 according to section AA of the figure 1 . There Figure 3 illustrates the gap filling device 10 seen from above.

Le dispositif 10 de comble-lacune comprend un support 12 d'interface configuré pour être relié à une structure 110 de maintenance représentée ici partiellement et schématiquement. La structure 110 de maintenance est par exemple formée d'une passerelle de maintenance (voir figure 4 décrite ci-après) permettant l'accès aux parties hautes ou à la toiture d'un matériel en maintenance, en particulier un matériel roulant ferroviaire.The gap-filling device 10 comprises an interface support 12 configured to be connected to a maintenance structure 110 shown here partially and schematically. The maintenance structure 110 is for example formed of a maintenance gateway (see figure 4 described below) allowing access to the upper parts or the roof of equipment under maintenance, in particularly railway rolling stock.

Le dispositif 10 de comble-lacune comprend en outre une brosse 14 configurée pour éviter la chute d'objet dans une lacune entre le matériel en maintenance et la structure de maintenance lors d'une opération de maintenance. Ladite brosse comprend une âme 16 configurée pour être fixée au support 12 d'interface et s'étendant selon une direction 20 principale (visible sur la figure 3). La brosse 14 comprend également au moins deux rangées de filaments, ici six rangées 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f de filaments en nylon, répartis selon la direction principale. Chaque filament de chaque rangée a une portion noyée dans l'âme 16 et une portion émergeant de l'âme selon une direction de filament sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction principale. Par exemple, la section 200 partielle sur la figure 1 permet d'observer une portion 218f de la rangée 18f de filaments, ladite portion 218f de filaments étant noyée dans l'âme 16.The gap filling device 10 further comprises a brush 14 configured to prevent objects from falling into a gap between the equipment being maintained and the maintenance structure during a maintenance operation. Said brush comprises a core 16 configured to be fixed to the interface support 12 and extending in a main direction 20 (visible on the Figure 3 ). The brush 14 also comprises at least two rows of filaments, here six rows 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f of nylon filaments, distributed along the main direction. Each filament of each row has a portion embedded in the core 16 and a portion emerging from the core in a filament direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction. For example, partial section 200 on the figure 1 allows a portion 218f of the row 18f of filaments to be observed, said portion 218f of filaments being embedded in the core 16.

La brosse comprend également au moins une lamelle 22 en élastomère s'étendant sur toute la direction 20 principale de l'âme, comprenant une portion noyée dans l'âme et une portion émergeant de l'âme 16 selon une direction sensiblement parallèle aux directions des filaments, agencée entre au moins deux rangées de filaments. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la lamelle 22 élastomère sépare les six rangées de filaments en deux groupes, un premier groupe de trois rangées 18a, 18b, 18c disposé d'un côté de la lamelle 22 élastomère et un deuxième groupe de trois rangées 18d, 18e, 18f disposées de l'autre côté de la lamelle 22 élastomère. Cette lamelle 22 élastomère permet d'interdire la chute d'objets effilés qui pourraient se glisser entre les rangées de filaments.The brush also comprises at least one elastomer blade 22 extending over the entire main direction 20 of the core, comprising a portion embedded in the core and a portion emerging from the core 16 in a direction substantially parallel to the directions of the cores. filaments, arranged between at least two rows of filaments. In this embodiment, the elastomeric lamella 22 separates the six rows of filaments into two groups, a first group of three rows 18a, 18b, 18c arranged on one side of the elastomeric lamella 22 and a second group of three rows 18d, 18e, 18f arranged on the other side of the elastomer strip 22. This elastomeric strip 22 makes it possible to prevent the fall of sharp objects which could slip between the rows of filaments.

Comme visible notamment sur la figure 2 représentant une partie du dispositif de comble-lacune en coupe selon la ligne A-A de la figure 1, l'âme 16 comprend une pluralité de trous 24 répartis dans l'âme et répartis sur toute la direction 20 principale de l'âme. Ces trous comprennent chacun un groupe de filaments, permettant de former la brosse. Les trous alignés forment les rangées 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f de filaments. Pour maximiser l'efficacité du dispositif de comble-lacune, les trous de rangées adjacentes sont disposés en quinconce.As visible in particular on the figure 2 representing a part of the gap filling device in section along line AA of the figure 1 , the core 16 comprises a plurality of holes 24 distributed in the core and distributed over the entire main direction 20 of the core. These holes each include a group of filaments, making it possible to form the brush. The aligned holes form the rows 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f of filaments. To maximize the effectiveness of the gap-filling device, the holes in adjacent rows are staggered.

Seule une partie du dispositif de comble-lacune est représentée ici pour des raisons de clarté, la disposition des trous se répétant sur toute la longueur de la direction 20 principale.Only part of the gap filling device is shown here for reasons of clarity, the arrangement of the holes repeating over the entire length of the main direction 20.

Les filaments et la lamelle 22 élastomère noyés dans l'âme 16 sont ainsi solidairement assemblés pour maintenir l'ensemble de la brosse.The filaments and the elastomer strip 22 embedded in the core 16 are thus integrally assembled to hold the entire brush.

La fixation de la brosse au support d'interface est assurée par des moyens de fixation, par exemple de type vis auto-freinées, garantissant le freinage et le maintien en position.Fixing the brush to the interface support is ensured by fixing means, for example of the self-locking screw type, guaranteeing braking and holding in position.

La hauteur h de la brosse, visible sur la figure 1 définie par l'écartement entre les deux rangées de filaments les plus éloignées, est avantageusement comprise entre 3cm et 8cm, par exemple 5cm.The height h of the brush, visible on the figure 1 defined by the spacing between the two most distant rows of filaments, is advantageously between 3cm and 8cm, for example 5cm.

La longueur Lf des filaments, visible sur la figure 3, est avantageusement comprise entre 7cm et 13cm, par exemple 10cm.The length Lf of the filaments, visible on the Figure 3 , is advantageously between 7cm and 13cm, for example 10cm.

La longueur Ld du dispositif de comble-lacune, défini selon la direction principale, est comprise entre 50cm et 200cm. Le dispositif de comble-lacune tel que représenté sur la figure 3 n'est pas représenté à l'échelle : il a une longueur courte à des fins illustratives, et pourra être beaucoup plus long selon les modes de réalisation. Une plus grande longueur permet de couvrir une plus grande largeur de lacune mais est plus cher à remplacer en cas d'usure ponctuelle.The length Ld of the gap filling device, defined according to the main direction, is between 50cm and 200cm. The gap filling device as shown in the Figure 3 is not shown to scale: it has a short length for illustrative purposes, and could be much longer depending on the embodiments. A greater length allows a greater gap width to be covered but is more expensive to replace in the event of occasional wear.

La figure 4 représente schématiquement un système 100 de maintenance de matériel, par exemple du matériel 50 roulant ferroviaire, par exemple une voiture d'un train, motrice ou non. Le matériel roulant est amené dans le système 100 de maintenance pour effectuer des opérations de maintenance. Le matériel 50 est par exemple conduit par rails 112 jusqu'à la zone de maintenance, et repose sur ces rails 112 pendant la maintenance.There Figure 4 schematically represents an equipment maintenance system 100, for example railway rolling stock 50, for example a train car, whether powered or not. The rolling stock is brought into the maintenance system 100 to carry out maintenance operations. The equipment 50 is for example driven by rails 112 to the maintenance zone, and rests on these rails 112 during maintenance.

Le système 100 de maintenance comprend une structure de maintenance agencée pour permettre un accès aux parties hautes et/ou à la toiture du matériel 50 en maintenance. Pour permettre un accès des deux côtés du matériel roulant, la structure comprend par exemple une première partie 110a et une deuxième partie 110b, disposées de part et d'autre du matériel roulant. Pour combler les lacunes 114a et 114b formées par l'espace entre respectivement les deux parties 110a et 110b de la structure et le matériel 50 roulant ferroviaire, des dispositifs 10a et 10b de comble-lacune tels que décrit précédemment sont utilisés.The maintenance system 100 includes a maintenance structure arranged to allow access to the upper parts and/or the roof of the equipment 50 under maintenance. To allow access from both sides of the rolling stock, the structure comprises for example a first part 110a and a second part 110b, arranged on either side of the rolling stock. To fill the gaps 114a and 114b formed by the space between respectively the two parts 110a and 110b of the structure and the railway rolling stock 50, devices 10a and 10b gap fillers as described previously are used.

Les dispositif 10a, 10b de comble-lacune sont disposés de préférence en dessous de surfaces 116a, 116b de cheminement où marchent les opérateurs, de sorte à éviter que l'on marche naturellement dessus. Les dispositifs 10a, 10b de comble-lacune peuvent ainsi présenter un marquage (réglementaire ou dédié), par exemple un symbole ou un motif, de sorte à inciter à la vigilance des opérateurs circulant sur les surfaces 116a, 116b de cheminement.The gap-filling devices 10a, 10b are preferably arranged below path surfaces 116a, 116b where the operators walk, so as to prevent people from naturally walking on them. The gap-filling devices 10a, 10b can thus present a marking (regulatory or dedicated), for example a symbol or a pattern, so as to encourage the vigilance of operators circulating on the path surfaces 116a, 116b.

À l'installation du ou des dispositifs de comble-lacune sur la structure de maintenance, un réglage peut être nécessaire pour s'adapter au gabarit du matériel en maintenance. Une fois ce réglage effectué, le dispositif de comble-lacune peut être utilisé pour tous les matériels de gabarit proche sans nécessiter de réglage supplémentaire. La présence des filaments flexibles permet au dispositif de s'adapter en cas de légères variations, dues par exemple à l'usure du matériel roulant (roues, suspensions, ressorts par exemple) ou de la structure de maintenance (usure des rails, déplacements minimes de la structure, etc.)When installing the gap-filling device(s) on the maintenance structure, adjustment may be necessary to adapt to the size of the equipment being maintained. Once this adjustment has been made, the gap filling device can be used for all equipment of similar size without requiring additional adjustment. The presence of flexible filaments allows the device to adapt in the event of slight variations, due for example to wear of the rolling stock (wheels, suspensions, springs for example) or of the maintenance structure (wear of the rails, minimal movements structure, etc.)

Comme visible sur les figures 1 et 4, le dispositif 10, 10a, 10b de comble-lacune est agencé de préférence selon un angle a compris entre 10° et 45° par rapport à l'horizontale, de préférence environ 30°. Cet angle permet, lors de l'utilisation du dispositif de comble-lacune pour la maintenance du matériel roulant :

  • d'augmenter la rigidité des filaments de la brosse, l'extrémité des filaments s'appuyant sur la paroi du matériel 50 en maintenance en cas de chute d'un objet ou d'un outil ;
  • de diminuer la surface de frottement des filaments de la brosse sur la paroi du matériel 50 en maintenance en cas de déplacement du matériel 50 en maintenance ;
  • de faire glisser un objet ou un outil qui chuterait sur le dispositif de comble-lacune vers la structure de maintenance et ainsi l'éloigner du bord de la lacune ;
  • d'éviter la chute ultérieure d'objet ou d'outil laissés sur le dispositif de comble-lacune.
As visible on the figures 1 And 4 , the gap filling device 10, 10a, 10b is preferably arranged at an angle a of between 10° and 45° relative to the horizontal, preferably around 30°. This angle allows, when using the gap-filling device for rolling stock maintenance:
  • to increase the rigidity of the filaments of the brush, the end of the filaments resting on the wall of the equipment 50 in maintenance in the event of an object or tool falling;
  • to reduce the friction surface of the brush filaments on the wall of the maintenance equipment 50 in the event of movement of the maintenance equipment 50;
  • to slide an object or tool that falls on the gap-filling device towards the maintenance structure and thus move it away from the edge of the gap;
  • to avoid the subsequent fall of objects or tools left on the gap filling device.

Claims (10)

  1. Gap-filling device for the maintenance of equipment (50), in particular railway equipment, comprising an interface support (12) configured to be connected to a maintenance structure (110), and a brush (14) configured to prevent objects from falling into a gap (114a, 114b) between the equipment (50) being maintained and the maintenance structure (110) during a maintenance operation, said brush comprising:
    - a core (16) configured to be fixed to the interface support (12) and extending along a main direction (20);
    characterized in that the brush also comprises:
    - at least two rows (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f) of filaments distributed along the main direction, each filament of each row having a portion embedded in the core (16) and a portion emerging from the core (16) along a filament direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction (20); and
    - at least one elastomeric lamella (22) extending over the entire main direction (20) of the core (16), comprising a portion embedded in the core (16) and a portion emerging from the core (16) in a direction substantially parallel to the filament directions, arranged between at least two rows (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f) of filaments.
  2. Gap-filling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (16) comprises a plurality of holes (24) in each of which a group of filaments is embedded, said holes (24) being distributed over the entire main direction (20) of the core (16) so that all the groups of filaments associated with holes (24) aligned in the main direction form a row (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f) of filaments.
  3. Gap-filling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the holes (24) of at least two adjacent rows of filaments are in a staggered arrangement.
  4. Gap-filling device according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filaments are made of nylon.
  5. Gap-filling device according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises at least six rows (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f) of filaments, at least three rows of filaments being arranged on one side of the elastomeric lamella (22) and at least three rows of filaments being arranged on the other side of the elastomeric lamella (22).
  6. Gap-filling device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the filaments have a length (Lf) of between 7cm and 13cm.
  7. Gap-filling device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the height (h) of the brush (14), defined by the distance between the two most distant rows of filaments, is between 3cm and 8cm.
  8. Gap-filling device according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the length (Ld) of the gap-filling device, defined along the main direction, is between 50cm and 200cm.
  9. Maintenance system for equipment, in particular railway equipment, comprising a maintenance structure (110) arranged to provide access to the upper parts and/or the roof of the equipment (50) under maintenance, characterized in that it comprises at least one gap-filling device (10, 10a, 10b) according to one of claims 1 to 8, fixed to the maintenance structure (110) and configured to prevent objects from falling between the equipment (50) under maintenance and the maintenance structure (110).
  10. Maintenance system according to claim 9, characterized in that the gap-filling device (10a, 10b, 10c) is fixed to the structure (110) so as to present an angle (a) of between 10° and 45° to the horizontal.
EP22151649.5A 2021-01-21 2022-01-14 Gap-filling device with brush for maintenance of railway rolling stock Active EP4032779B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2100585A FR3118935B1 (en) 2021-01-21 2021-01-21 BRUSH GAP FILLER FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK MAINTENANCE

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EP4032779A1 EP4032779A1 (en) 2022-07-27
EP4032779B1 true EP4032779B1 (en) 2023-10-25

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EP (1) EP4032779B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2966664T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3118935B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0626339A1 (en) * 1993-05-26 1994-11-30 MERO-Raumstruktur GmbH & Co. Overhead crane with a working platform construction, in particular for aircraft maintenance
DE19938478A1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2001-03-08 Schwemle Gmbh Device for working on a building faade has sealing unit sealing work space between platform and work face and mounted for independent movement uncoupled from platform movement
DE10302940B3 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-10-07 Db Reise & Touristik Ag Device for inspecting and / or servicing and / or maintaining the superstructures of rail vehicles
KR100528095B1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-11-15 한국철도기술연구원 Brush type safety apparatus for railway platform vehicle
DE102013201858B4 (en) * 2013-02-05 2020-06-04 Jochen Piontek Passage protection system for a vehicle maintenance hall

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ES2966664T3 (en) 2024-04-23
FR3118935B1 (en) 2022-12-23
FR3118935A1 (en) 2022-07-22

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