EP4025788A1

EP4025788A1 - Method for determining operating properties of a drill-rod borehole pump, and pump system for same

Info

Publication number: EP4025788A1
Application number: EP20804455.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Gschiel; Helmut Wimmer; Dietmar Schmidt
Original assignee: Siemens Energy Austria GmbH
Current assignee: Siemens Energy Austria GmbH
Priority date: 2019-10-30
Filing date: 2020-10-28
Publication date: 2022-07-13
Also published as: WO2021083953A1; WO2021083953A8; CA3159532A1; EP3816444A1; US20240125316A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining operating properties of a drill-rod borehole pump (1), comprising a pump head (110), which is connected to a kinematics converter (120) via a drill rod (5, 10), and the kinematics converter (120) is driven by an electric motor (3), and furthermore a measuring means (130) is provided for measuring the power consumption of the motor (3) during operation of same, said method comprising the steps of: a) measuring the current consumption and the operating voltage of the motor (3) over at least one pump cycle, with which four operating phases of the borehole pump (1) can be associated in each case, and determining the power consumption of the motor (3) therefrom; b) determining, for one pump cycle, a period and a maximum of the power consumption that corresponds to the torque maximum of the borehole pump (1); c) determining a reference phase angle for the kinematics converter (120) with the aid of the properties of the kinematics converter (120) and the power consumption of the motor (3); d) ascertaining a torque curve from the power consumption of the motor (3) with the aid of the properties of the kinematics converter (120); e) determining the operating properties of the delivery pump (1) from the torque curve using the period and the reference phase angle.

Description

description

Method for determining the operating properties of a rod-type deep pump and pumping system therefor

The invention relates to a method for determining operating properties of a rod pump, comprising a pump head which is connected to a kinematic converter via a rod, and the kinematic converter is driven by an electric motor.

In addition, the invention relates to a pumping system with a rod pump, comprising a pump head which is connected to a kinematics converter via a rod and the kinematics converter is driven by an electric motor.

The invention also relates to a computer-implemented method for determining operating properties of a rod pump.

Deep pumps are used as conveying devices for the extraction of liquids stored underground if the storage pressure is not sufficient for them to reach the surface independently or in sufficient quantities. Most of them are used to produce crude oil. Other areas of application are the promotion of brine and medicinal waters.

The image of most oil fields is dominated by rod pumps, which because of their appearance and movement are also known as horse head pumps, nickers or nickers. The actual pumping mechanism - a piston with check valves - is located in a separate pipe string in the borehole near the oil-bearing layer. The piston is set in a continuous up and down movement by means of a screwable rod from a pump bracket located on the earth's surface. This is done by what is known as the horse's head. This consists of one at the end of an as Balancing arranged circular arc segment to which a steel cable or chain pair is clamped at the top.

The drive is mostly electric. In the presence of sufficient energy-containing gases dissolved in the petroleum, however, some of these gases can be separated from the material to be conveyed on site by means of a degasser and fed to a gas engine that drives the pump.

Depending on the type and size of the pump, the working stroke is 1 to 5 m. Two and a half to twelve strokes per minute are common. The rod-type deep pump can be used economically up to a delivery depth of around 2500 m. For greater depths, other pump systems are better suited due to the great weight of the liquid column to be lifted.

The "Mark II" pump type from the Texan manufacturer Lufkin Industries is particularly suitable for high pumping rates from great depths thanks to its special movement geometry.

The "Sucker Rod" type of pump has a sucker rod, a steel rod typically between 25 and 30 feet long and threaded at both ends, used in the oil industry to move the surface and downhole components of an oil well installed reciprocating pump to connect with each other.

An extremely valuable tool for analyzing downhole performance is a downhole test rig, which measures the load on the polished rod in relation to the position of the polished rod.

With dynamometers, the rod position and rod load can be recorded over time. The load measuring part of the dynamometer is attached to the polished rod so that the load can be recorded and sent to a recorder. An accompanying part of the dynamometer attached to the walking beam records the position of the polished rod and sends it to same recorder. The generated graphic is referred to as a Dynagraph or more often as a dynamometer or Dynagraph map and corresponds to a load-displacement diagram.

Dynamometer cards taken from the surface can rarely be used directly to record the operating conditions of the downhole pump, as they also reflect all forces (static and dynamic) that occur from the pump to the wellhead. However, if there is a dynamometer directly above the pump, the recorded map is a real indicator of the pump's operation. Gilbert's Dynagraph (a mechanical dynamometer) succeeded in doing this in the 1930s. Rod loads immediately above the pump, recorded as a function of the pump position, give Dynagraph maps a name that distinguishes them from surface maps. Although the use of Gilbert's Dynagraph allowed direct investigation of pumping problems, the practical implications of running the instrument downhole far outweighed its benefits.

So far, sensors have been used to record the operating conditions of a rod-type deep pump, which record the forces acting or the current position (inclination) of the beam (English "beam" or "cranck arm"), for example by means of force sensors, Hall Sensors or proximity sensors. The position of the boom is calculated from this. However, it is time-consuming to calibrate the respective sensors with one another. In addition, inaccurate calibration can lead to errors that can adversely affect the measurement data evaluation.

It is the object of the invention to provide a method and a device for determining the operating properties of a rod pump, which simplifies the detection of the operating conditions and at the same time the measurement data are recorded more precisely than known in the prior art. The object of the invention is achieved by a method of the type mentioned above, wherein a detection means is also provided to detect the power consumption of the motor during its operation, comprising the steps: a) Detection of the current consumption and the operating voltage of the motor in the form of discrete measuring points over at least one pumping cycle, to which four operating phases of the deep pump can be assigned, and from this Be agreeing the power consumption of the motor, b) determining for a pumping cycle a period and a maximum of the power consumption, which corresponds to the maximum torque of the deep pump, c) Determination of a reference phase angle for the kinematic converter using the properties of the kinematic converter and the power consumption of the motor, which describes the relationship between the maximum power consumption and the maximum force acting on the linkage of the low pump, d) determining a torque Course from the Power consumption of the motor using the properties of the kinematic converter, e) determining the operating properties of the feed pump from the torque curve determined in step d) using the period duration determined in step b) and the reference phase win determined in step c) kel.

The invention recognizes that the operating properties of the feed pump can also be determined without taking into account the motor speed. The invention is based on the surprising finding that the operating properties of the feed pump can also be determined by means of the torque curve, the period duration and the reference phase angle.

This means that no further sensors, which have to be attached to the pump, are required to determine the operating properties of the feed pump. Furthermore, there is no need for complex calibration of such sensors with one another.

The invention makes it possible to determine the operating properties of feed pumps much more easily, flexibly and robustly. In addition, the accuracy in determining the operating characteristics of the feed pump can be increased.

The discrete measuring points of the current consumption of the motor are recorded with a sufficiently high sampling frequency.

The operating voltage supply for the motor can have one or more phases.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the period duration is determined with the aid of an approximated polynomial through the power values of the measuring points.

This enables the operating properties of the feed pump to be precisely determined in a simple manner.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the period duration is determined with the aid of a polynomial which takes into account statistical mean values of the power values of the respective measuring points over at least five, preferably at least ten, particularly preferably at least fifty pump cycles for support points of the polynomial.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that a reference value is determined for the measuring points at which a maximum value for the change in the respective power value between two immediately successive measuring points mum is present and the period is determined using the reference value.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the determination of the operating properties of the delivery pump takes place with the aid of a load-displacement diagram, which is derived from the torque curve determined in step d) using the period duration determined in step b) and the is determined in step c) certain reference phase angle.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the reference phase angle is determined with respect to the absolute maximum of the power values of the measuring points within a pump cycle.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a pumping system of the type mentioned at the outset, with a detection means also being provided which is configured to detect the power consumption of the motor during its operation, and a computing device with a memory is provided which is used for this purpose is set up to carry out the method according to the invention with the aid of the detection means.

A further object of the invention is to specify a computer implemented method. The object of the invention, which is directed to a computer-implemented method, is achieved by the features of claim 8. The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings shows

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a Sys system according to the invention with a rod deep pump,

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a pump head of a Ge rod deep pump,

3 shows an exemplary embodiment for a flow chart of the method according to the invention,

4 shows a first exemplary embodiment for a load-displacement diagram,

Fig. 5 load-displacement diagrams for a pump with different powers,

6 load-displacement diagrams for a pump with different loads and operating modes,

7 shows a time representation of a current curve of an electric drive motor for a rod pump.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a pump system 100 according to the invention with a rod pump 1 of the type of a sucker rod pump.

The pump system 100 comprises a pump head 110 which is connected to a kinematic converter 120 via a linkage 5, 10.

The linkage 5, 10 forms a so-called "rod cord" and runs through a borehole head 6, with which a through-flow line 7 is connected for discharging a conveyed medium 14. A jacket 8 adjoins the wellhead 6, in which a tube 9 runs which guides the rods 5 and 10, respectively.

The pump head 110, which includes a piston 11 in a barrel 12, is fastened to the lower end of the rod 10. A movement of the piston 11 leads to the conveying medium 14 being pumped out.

The jacket 8 is formed in a borehole 13.

The kinematic converter 120 is driven, for example, by a drive machine in the form of an electric motor 3 via a reduction gear 4. The kinematic converter 120 can additionally comprise a hydraulic power amplifier.

The mechanical connection of the kinematic converter 120 takes place in this example via a running bar 2, but can vary depending on the type of pump used.

Such kinematic converters are familiar to those skilled in the art, as is their description in the form of “properties of a kinematic converter” through the transformation function of mechanical movements and forces.

The kinematic converter 120 converts a rotary movement of the motor 3 into a linear movement of the linkage 5, 10.

The properties of the kinematic converter 120 can, for example, be described using leverage and gear ratios, as well as the electrical drive power and moving masses. It should be noted that the position of a flywheel along a rotary movement and the corresponding force on the linkage 10 is related to time, which is referred to as the reference phase angle. A reference phase can be used for each pump arrangement. senwinkel be determined using the kinematics principles of mechanics, as known to those skilled in the art.

Furthermore, a detection means 110 is provided, which is directed to the current consumption and the operating voltage of the individual phases of the motor 3 during its operation to he grasp. This can be done, for example, by an ammeter or voltmeter which, in particular, detects discrete measuring points with current or voltage values with a high resolution in terms of time.

The recorded current and operating voltage values can be used to determine the effective power consumption and the apparent power consumption.

Furthermore, a computing device 140 with a memory 150 is provided, which is set up to carry out the method according to the invention with the aid of the detection means 130.

It is known to those skilled in the art how a reference phase angle for the kinematic converter 120 using the properties of the kinematic converter 120 and the power consumption 72 of the motor 3, which shows the relationship between the maximum 83 of the power consumption 72 and the maximum of the linkage the depth pump 1 describes acting force can be determined.

It is also known to the person skilled in the art how a torque curve can be determined from the power consumption 72 of the motor 3 with the aid of the properties of the kinematic converter 120.

FIG. 2 shows a further, more detailed example of a prior art pump head 111.

The rod cord or the linkage 10 is driven according to FIG. 1 and set in an up and down linear movement. In the shown variant of the pump head 111, a cover tube 15 with vertical grooves is arranged in the borehole 13, which leads within the cover tube 15 via a Haltevorrich device 16 and a self-aligning bearing 17, a rotating tube 18 with spiral grooves.

A receiving tube 19 is connected via a wing nut 20 to a piston assembly 21 which is located in a pump lining 22.

A calibrated rod 23 is connected to the rod 10 via a pin 24 and a holding device 25, which drives the piston arrangement by the linear movement.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a flowchart of the method according to the invention with the following steps: a) Detection of the current consumption and the operating voltage of the motor 3 with a sampling frequency over at least one pump cycle, which can be assigned to four operating phases of the deep pump 1, in the form of diskre th measurement points with current values, and from this determining the power consumption 72 of the motor 3 with power values, b) determining a period 85 and a maximum 82 of the power consumption 72 for a pump cycle, which corresponds to the maximum torque of the deep pump 1, c) determining a reference phase angle for the kinematic converter 120 with the aid of the properties of the kinematic converter 120 and the power consumption of the motor 3, which describes the relationship between the maximum 82 of the power consumption and the maximum of the force acting on the linkage of the deep pump 1, d) determining a torque Progress from the power consumption d es motor 3 with the help of the properties of the kinematic converter 120, e) determining the operating properties of the feed pump 1 from the torque curve determined in step d) using the period determined in step b) duration and the reference phase angle determined in step c).

The power values can be determined by the product of the discrete current values and the operating voltage.

The period 85 can be determined, for example, with the aid of an ap proximated polynomial 80 through the power values of the measurement points.

The period 85 can, for example, also be determined with the aid of a polynomial 80 which takes into account statistical mean values of the power values of the respective measuring points over at least five, preferably at least ten, particularly preferably at least fifty pump cycles for support points of the polynomial.

A reference value 81 can be determined for the measurement points, at which there is a maximum for the change in the respective power value between two immediately successive measurement points, and the period 85 is determined with the aid of the reference value 81.

The operating properties of the feed pump 1 can be determined with the aid of a load-displacement diagram 30, 50, 54, 57, 60-65, which is derived from the torque curve determined in step d) using the curve determined in step b) Period duration and the reference phase angle determined in step c) is determined.

The reference phase angle can be determined with respect to the absolute maximum of the power values of the measuring points within a pump cycle.

Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 show examples of load-displacement diagrams, which are often used to determine the operating properties of rod pumps. A load-displacement diagram 30 is shown in FIG. 4.

On the x-axis, the position 31 of the polished rod is borne, and on the y-axis, the load 32 of the polished Stan ge.

A lowest point of the pump stroke 33 and a highest point of the pump stroke 34 can be seen.

Furthermore, a tip of the polished rod 35 (PPRI) is Darge provides.

A map 36 of the polished rod for pumping speed equal to zero is shown in dashed lines.

Further, a map 37 of the polished rod for Pumpge speed is greater than zero.

A minimum load on the polished rod 38 (MPRL) is shown.

A gross piston load 39 can also be read off.

In addition, a weight of the rods in the fluid 40 can be determined, as well as forces 41 and 42, and a pump stroke or pump path 43.

5 shows load-displacement diagrams 50 with the rod load at the setpoint value as a function of the load 32 of the polished rod over the respective position 31 of the polished rod.

A load-displacement diagram 51 shows operation at full pump output.

A load-displacement diagram 52 shows operation when the conveying medium has been pumped empty.

A respective nominal value 53 can be seen. Furthermore, load-displacement diagrams 54 with the rod load in the event of a change of operation are shown as a function of the load 32 of the polished rod over the respective position 31 of the polished rod, with respective angles 55, 56 being able to be read off.

Furthermore, load-displacement diagrams 57 are shown with rod load with the respective mechanical work of the rods.

In Fig. 6 load-travel diagrams 60-65 are shown operating states for different loading.

Diagram 60 shows load-displacement diagrams in normal operation.

Diagram 61 shows load-displacement diagrams for a fluid store Diagram 62 shows load-displacement diagrams with exposure to gas in the underground store.

Diagram 63 shows a load-displacement diagram for a stuck piston.

Diagram 64 shows the load-displacement diagram in the event of a leak through a stationary valve.

A diagram 65 shows a load-displacement diagram in the event of a leak through a moving valve.

Fig. 7 shows an example of a time representation of a power curve of an electric drive motor for a rod pump, which was determined from the power consumption and operating voltage of the motor 3 Be.

The illustration has a time axis 70 and an axis 71 for the amplitude of the current or power consumption. A power consumption 72 is shown for which a zero point or zero axis 80 and a polynomial for averaged power consumption 81 can be determined.

A maximum value of the averaged power consumption 82 and zero crossings of the averaged power consumption 83, 84 can be determined for the polynomial 80.

Furthermore, a period 85 of the mean power consumption can be determined for the polynomial 80.

From this, a phase angle 86 of the averaged power consumption can be determined, which describes the relationship between the rotational movement of the motor 3 and the linkage 10 of the pump 1.

A corresponding load-path diagram can be determined from the determined values in order to derive the operating properties of the rod pump 1 in a simple manner.

Reference sign:

1 linkage pump

2 progress bars

3 prime mover, motor

4 reduction gears

5 polished rod

6 wellhead

7 flow line

8 coat

9 tube

10 rod cord 11 piston 12 barrel

13 borehole

14 Fluid handled

15 cover tube with vertical grooves 16, 25 holding device 17 self-aligning bearings

18 rotating tube with spiral grooves

19 pick-up tube

20 wing nut 21 piston assembly 22 pump liner

23 calibrated rod

24 pin

30 Load-displacement diagram

31 Position of the polished rod

32 Load of the polished rod

33 Lowest point of the pump stroke

34 Highest point of the pump stroke

35 tip of the polished rod, PPRI

36 Polished rod map for zero pumping speed

37 Polished rod map for pumping speed greater than zero

38 Polished Bar Minimum Load, MPRL

39 gross debt

40 Weight of the rods in the fluid

41, 42 force 43 way

50 Load-displacement diagram with rod load at target value

51 Pump, full performance

52 pumped dry

53 Setpoint

54 Load-displacement diagram with rod load when changing operations

55, 56 angle 57 load-displacement diagram with mechanical work of the rods

60 Load-displacement diagram in normal operation

61 Load-displacement diagram for a fluid bearing

62 Load-displacement diagram with exposure to gas

63 Load-displacement diagram with a stuck piston

64 Load-displacement diagram in the event of a leak through a stationary valve 65 Load-displacement diagram in the event of a leak through a moving valve

70 timeline

71 Axis for the amplitude of the current or power consumption

72 Power consumption 80 Selected zero point or zero axis 81 Polynomial for averaged power consumption 82 Maximum value of the averaged power consumption 83, 84 Zero crossing of the averaged power consumption

85 Period of the averaged power consumption

86 determined phase angle of the averaged power consumption

100 pump system 110, 111 pump head

120 kinematics converter 130 acquisition means 140 computing device 150 memory

Claims

1. A method for determining the operating properties of a rod pump (1), comprising a pump head (110, 111) which is connected via a rod (5, 10) to a kinematics converter (120), and the kinematics -Converter (120) is driven by an electric motor (3), and furthermore a detection means (130) is provided to detect the power consumption of the motor (3) during its operation, comprising the steps of: a) detecting the current consumption and the operating voltage of the motor (3) via at least one pumping cycle, to which four operating phases of the deep pump (1) can be assigned, in the form of discrete measuring points, and from this determining the power consumption with power values, b) determining a period duration (85) for a pumping cycle a maximum (82) of the power consumption, which corresponds to the maximum torque of the pump (1), c) determining a reference phase angle for the kinematic converter (120) using the properties of the kinematic ik converter (120) and the current consumption of the motor (3), which describes the relationship between the maximum (83) of the power consumption and the maximum of the force acting on the linkage of the deep pump (1), d) determining a torque Course from the power consumption of the motor (3) using the properties of the kinematic converter (120), e) determining the operating properties of the feed pump (1) from the torque curve determined in step d) using the in step b ) determined period and the reference phase angle determined in step c).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the period duration (85) with the aid of an approximated polynomial (80) through the power values of the measuring points is determined. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the period (85) is determined with the help of a polynomial (80) which takes statistical mean values of the power values of the respective measurement points over at least five, preferably at least ten, particularly preferably at least fifty pump cycles into .

4. The method according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein a reference value (81) is determined for the measuring points at which a maximum is present for the change in the respective power value between two immediately successive measuring points, and the period duration (85) with the help of Reference value (81) is determined.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of the operating properties of the feed pump (1) using a load-displacement diagram (30, 50, 54,

57, 60-65) takes place, which is determined from the torque curve determined in step d) using the period duration determined in step b) and the reference phase angle determined in step c).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference phase angle is determined with respect to the absolute maximum of the power values of the measuring points within a pump cycle.

7. Pump system (100) with a rod pump (1), comprising a pump head (110, 111), which rods via a Ge (10) is connected to a kinematics converter (120), and the kinematics converter (120) is driven by an electric motor (3), and further a detection means

(110) is provided, which is set up to record the power consumption of the motor (3) during its operation, and a computing device (140) with a memory (150) is also provided, which is set up to process the method according to one of the preceding claims with the aid of the detection means (130).

8. Computer-implemented method for determining the operating properties of a rod pump (1) according to claim 1.