EP4019619A1 - Hand dishwashing detergent shaped body with bulges - Google Patents
Hand dishwashing detergent shaped body with bulges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4019619A1 EP4019619A1 EP21206337.4A EP21206337A EP4019619A1 EP 4019619 A1 EP4019619 A1 EP 4019619A1 EP 21206337 A EP21206337 A EP 21206337A EP 4019619 A1 EP4019619 A1 EP 4019619A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaped body
- weight
- dishwashing detergent
- hand dishwashing
- tablets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0091—Dishwashing tablets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0052—Gas evolving or heat producing compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to hand dishwashing detergent tablets with bulges to improve the dissolving behavior.
- washing and cleaning-active shaped bodies in solid form have a number of advantages over powdered or liquid agents. They are characterized, for example, by advantageous handling, precise and simple dosing and smaller packaging volumes.
- the known washing- or cleaning-active tablets in solid form include, for example, detergent tablets, bleach tablets, stain remover tablets, water-softening tablets and also dishwashing detergent tablets for machine use.
- the aforementioned detergent or cleaning agent tablets usually contain phosphate-containing sequestering agents or carriers, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP).
- NaTPP sodium tripolyphosphate
- the glass cleaning tablets according to SU1402608 also contain phosphate-containing surfactants.
- phosphate-containing detergents and cleaning agents are fundamentally disadvantageous compared to phosphate-free agents.
- Detergents and cleaning agents containing silicone are also undesirable for the same reasons.
- the one in the GB2200365 The detergent tablets described contain up to 50% by weight of one or more silicone compounds.
- the washing and cleaning-active tablets previously described in the prior art usually contain only relatively small amounts of cleaning-active substances or surfactants. It is generally known that the solubility of compacted detergents and cleaning agents decreases significantly as the proportion by weight of the surface-active substances increases. In practice, this means that readily soluble detergent tablets show only very limited cleaning performance or lead to unsatisfactory cleaning results, since the surfactant content ensures a sufficient solubility is relatively low. If the surfactant content in the customary detergent tablets is increased, this leads to significantly slower solubility kinetics of the resulting tablet.
- This effect is additionally intensified by dispensing with the carrier materials commonly used, such as, for example, low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids, carbonates, phosphates or zeolites.
- the omission of such carrier materials or the reduction of the amount of carrier material in favor of the surfactant content also causes a slow or delayed dissolution of the tablet.
- this is a disadvantage or even desirable.
- materials are used specifically to delay dissolution. These are usually paraffins and/or microwaxes and/or high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
- washing-up liquid tablets for the manual cleaning of hard surfaces or crockery.
- a molded tablet for the manual cleaning of dishes would have to have dissolved as completely as possible in the washing liquor within a very short period of time.
- the solubility properties of the shaped body tablet should be such that the user can start the rinsing process immediately after adding the tablet or the shaped body to the rinsing water.
- a shaped body comprising at least two protruding bulges.
- a shaped body comprising at least 4 protruding bulges.
- the structure described here consisting of a central area and four bulges, contributes to particularly good dissolving behavior. This applies in particular if the bulges are each arranged somewhat at right angles to one another.
- a shaped body comprising a disintegrant, in particular a carbonate and an acid anhydride.
- a disintegrant in particular a carbonate and an acid anhydride.
- the detergent shaped body can dissolve particularly well in rinsing water.
- such systems are unsuitable for mechanical cleaning agents.
- the use of the shaped body for the manual cleaning of dishes is described.
- the shaped body preferably has at least one anionic surfactant, comprises at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant and at least one disintegrant, the surfactant content making up at least 20% by weight, based on the overall composition of the shaped body.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets with the composition according to the invention have very rapid solubility kinetics despite the high surfactant content of more than 20% by weight and also show very good performance properties.
- the shaped bodies according to the invention are preferably solid, but can also contain liquid and/or gel-like components. Moldings include within the meaning of the invention
- Tablets granules, tabs, cuboids, rods, tabulars and spheroids.
- the moldings according to the invention are silicone-free and/or phosphate-free.
- the shaped body for example tabular bodies, the rod or bar shape, cubes, parallelepipeds and corresponding spatial elements with flat side surfaces, as they are u. are described in the prior art patents.
- the shaped body should have a volume in the range from 0.1 cm3 to 20 cm3, depending on washing habits or special recipe requirements.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets are in the form of tablets, in particular cylindrical tablets, these tablets preferably having a diameter of 10 to 60 mm.
- the height of the tablets is preferably 2 to 20 mm.
- square, rectangular, trapezoidal, oval and irregularly shaped base areas can also be used within the scope of the present invention.
- the weight of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 60 g, more preferably from about 1 to 30 g and particularly preferably in the range from 2 to 10 g per tablet.
- the type of soiling, the water hardness range or the degree of soiling of the dishes, one or more shaped bodies, preferably tablets, can be used in the manual cleaning of the dishes.
- the shaped body has a surfactant content of at least 42% by weight, preferably at least 45% by weight and particularly preferably at least 50% by weight, based on the overall composition of the shaped body.
- Surfactant contents which are also suitable are, for example, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54 or else 55% by weight.
- Anionic surfactants which can be contained in the shaped bodies according to the invention are, in particular, alkylbenzene sulfonates and/or fatty alcohol ether sulfates, which are advantageously partially or completely in the form of their mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium salts, in particular Triethanolammonium salts can be used.
- the agents accordingly contain mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium alkylbenzene sulfonate, in particular triethanolammonium alkylbenzene sulfonate, in amounts of, based on the total weight of alkylbenzene sulfonates, from 10 to 100%, preferably from 30 to 100%, in particular from 50 until 100%.
- the agents contain exclusively mono-, di- and/or trialkanolammonium alkylbenzenesulfonate, in particular triethanolammonium alkylbenzenesulfonate, as the alkylbenzenesulfonate.
- the agents can advantageously contain a combination of alkyl benzene sulfonates with one or more fatty alcohol ether sulfates.
- the agents contain alkyl benzene sulfonates and fatty alcohol ether sulfates in a weight ratio of 10:1 to 1:5, preferably 5:1 to 1:2, in particular 2:1 to 1:1.5.
- only mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium alkylbenzenesulfonates are present as the alkylbenzenesulfonates on average.
- further anionic surfactants according to the present invention can be aliphatic sulfates such as fatty alcohol sulfates, dialkyl ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates and aliphatic sulfonates such as alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ether sulfonates, n-alkyl ether sulfonates, ester sulfonates and linnin sulfonates.
- aliphatic sulfates such as fatty alcohol sulfates, dialkyl ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates and aliphatic sulfonates such as alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ether sulfonates, n-alkyl ether sulfonates, ester sulfonates and linnin sulf
- Fatty acid cyanamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters, fatty acid isethionates, acylaminoalkanesulfonates (fatty acid taurides), fatty acid sarcosinates, ether carboxylic acids and alkyl (ether) phosphates can also be used within the scope of the present invention.
- the fatty alcohol ether sulfates are particularly preferred in the context of the present invention. Fatty alcohol sulfates and combinations of fatty alcohol ether sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfates are also preferred.
- fatty acids or fatty alcohols or their derivatives are representative of branched or unbranched carboxylic acids or alcohols or their derivatives preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the former are preferred in particular because of their vegetable basis as based on renewable raw materials for ecological reasons, but without the teaching of the invention to restrict them.
- the oxo-alcohols or their derivatives which can be obtained, for example, by ROELEN's oxo-synthesis can also be used accordingly.
- Fatty alcohol ether sulfates are products of sulfation reactions on alkoxylated alcohols.
- alkoxylated alcohols to mean the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols, preferably longer-chain alcohols for the purposes of the present invention.
- a complex mixture of addition products with different degrees of ethoxylation is formed from n moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of alcohol, depending on the reaction conditions.
- a further embodiment consists in the use of mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- Very particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention are low-ethoxylated fatty alcohols (0.5 to 4 mol EO, preferably 1 to 2.5 mol EO).
- the anionic surfactants are preferably used in amounts of from 0.2 to 40% by weight, in particular from 3 to 35% by weight, particularly preferably from 5 to 30% by weight.
- surfactant mixtures are those consisting of anionic surfactants in combination with one or more nonionic surfactants or betaine surfactants, with the betaine surfactants being equated in this context with the class of amphoteric surfactants.
- the joint additional use of nonionic surfactants and betaine surfactants in a mixture can also be advantageous for many applications.
- the surfactants are used in amounts of from 0.2 to 50% by weight, preferably from 1 to 40% by weight, in particular from 3 to 35% by weight and extremely preferably from 5 to 30% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants in the context of the present invention can be alkoxylates such as polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, end-capped polyglycol ethers, mixed ethers and hydroxy mixed ethers and fatty acid polyglycol esters. Also usable are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, block polymers and fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid polyglycol ethers.
- An important class of nonionic surfactants which can be used according to the invention are the polyol surfactants and here in particular the glucosurfactants such as alkyl polyglycoside and fatty acid glucamides. The alkyl polyglucosides are particularly preferred.
- Alkyl polyglycosides are surfactants which can be obtained by the reaction of sugars and alcohols by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry, depending on the type of preparation to a mixture of monoalkylated, oligomeric or polymeric sugar is coming.
- Preferred alkyl polyglycosides can be alkyl polyglucosides, with the alcohol particularly preferably being a long-chain fatty alcohol or a mixture of long-chain fatty alcohols with branched or unbranched C8 - to C18 -alkyl chains and the degree of oligomerization (DP) of the sugars being between 1 and 10, preferably 1 to 6, in particular 1 .1 to 3, most preferably 1.1 to 1.7.
- DP degree of oligomerization
- the detergents preferably contain nonionic surfactants in amounts of 0.1 to 14.9% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 8% by weight and extremely preferably 1 to 6% by weight.
- betaine surfactants or amphoteric surfactants that can be used according to the invention include the alkyl betaines, the alkylamidobetaines, the imidazolinium betaines and the aminopropionates as well as the sulfobetaines and biosurfactants.
- a preferred ingredient here is alkylamidobetaine.
- betaine surfactants or amphoteric surfactants are preferably used in amounts of from 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 7% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight.
- surfactant, disintegrant and/or tabletting excipient together make up at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight and particularly preferably at least 99% by weight, based on the overall composition of the shaped body.
- the shaped body consists exclusively of surfactant, disintegrant and/or tabletting aid.
- the shaped body for hand dishwashing detergent preferably contains at least one disintegrant as a disintegrating agent.
- disintegrants According to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440 ) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical technology” (6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184 ) Understood excipients that ensure the rapid disintegration of shaped bodies or tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of pharmaceuticals in absorbable form.
- Disintegrants or disintegrants for the purposes of the present invention support the rapid disintegration of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets by releasing gases. Suitable disintegrants include, for example, carbonate/citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention contain 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight and in particular 4 to 12% by weight of one or more disintegrants, based in each case on the overall composition of the shaped body.
- the disintegrating agent provided according to the invention is preferably a substance which develops gas on contact with water.
- the shaped body according to the invention particularly preferably contains a mixture of acid and carbonate compound, preferably citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, as disintegrant.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablet according to the invention also preferably contains at least one substance that swells on contact with water, which also acts as a disintegrant and is also referred to below as a swelling component.
- Disintegrants or swelling components within the meaning of the present invention include polymers, in particular also natural polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
- swelling components based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention contain one or more cellulose-based disintegrants, preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C6 H10 O5 )n and is formally a ⁇ -1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can also be used in the present invention are cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups that are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone, but used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant.
- the cellulose used as a disintegrating agent is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before it is added to the mixtures to be compressed.
- Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as a further cellulose-based disintegrant or as part of this component.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which attack and completely dissolve only the amorphous areas (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (about 70%) intact.
- Subsequent deaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis yields the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of about 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, to give granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablet contains a substance that swells on contact with water as a disintegrating agent, selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives and mixtures of the aforementioned substances.
- Disintegrants suitable according to the invention are, for example, Arbocel® from J. Rettenmaier & Sons GmbH and Co., Avicel® from Lehmann & Voss, or else Elcema® from Degussa.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets contain at least one disintegrant in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, preferably in an amount in the range from 0.5 to 60% by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 4 to 10% by weight .-%, based on the total composition of the molding contains.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets preferably contain at least one anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, preferably fatty alcohol sulfates with a chain length of the lipophilic part of C8-C16, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, preferably fatty alcohol ether sulfates with a chain length of the lipophilic part of C8-C16 and EO grades between 0, 1 and 8, linear alkyl sulfonates, preferably alcohol sulfonates with a chain length of the alkyl radical of C8 -C18 and alkyl benzene sulfonates.
- the anionic surfactants mentioned above can be used either in pure form or as a mixture.
- Counterions suitable according to the invention include all possible ones cationic compounds, particularly preferred are quaternary amines, alkali and alkaline earth counter ions, such as magnesium.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablet contains 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total composition of the tablet, of at least one anionic surfactant.
- the shaped body contains at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of betaines, alkyl polyglycosides, preferably C12-C16 alkyl polyglycosides, and alkyl alcohol polyglycol ethers.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets particularly preferably contain 0.1 to 35% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, based on the overall composition of the tablet, of at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablet contains 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total amount of surfactant in the tablet, of at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant.
- the shaped body it is particularly preferred for the shaped body to contain one or more tabletting auxiliaries in addition to surfactant and disintegrating agent.
- Tableting excipients preferred according to the invention are water glass and/or silicic acid.
- the silicic acid preferably contained in the shaped bodies according to the invention serves as a tabletting aid, but can also have a polishing effect as a mild abrasive component.
- precipitated silicas and fumed silica are particularly suitable.
- the hand dishwashing detergent shaped bodies according to the invention can also contain other tableting auxiliaries as an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned substances, such as zeolites, silicates, carbonates or else so-called organic cobuilders.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSix O2x+1 .H2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4 are.
- Such crystalline sheet silicates are, for example, in the European patent application EP-A-0 164 514 described.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the given formula are those in where M is sodium and x is 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicates Na2 Si2 O5 .yH2 O are preferred, while ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the process described in International patent application WO-A-91/08171 is described.
- Amorphous sodium silicates can also be used.
- the term "amorphous” also means "X-ray amorphous”. This means that in X-ray diffraction experiments the silicates do not produce any sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-ray radiation, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates which have a delay in dissolving compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in the German patent application DE-A-44 00 024 described. Densified/compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic zeolite containing bound water that can be used is preferably zeolite A and/or P.
- Zeolite MAP® commercial product from Crosfield
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and/or P are also suitable.
- a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight of zeolite X ) managed by CONDEA Augusta S. p. A.
- zeolite is sold under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ® and is described by the formula nNa2 O.(1-n)K2 O.Al2 O3 .(2-2.5)SiO2 .(3.5-5.5)H2 O can.
- the zeolite can be used both as a tableting aid in a granular compound and for a kind of "powdering" of the entire mixture to be compressed.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- Customary organic tabletting excipients are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids that can be used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- polycarboxylic acids that can be used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- Alkali carriers can be present as further components.
- Alkali carriers are alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal metasilicates and mixtures of the aforementioned substances.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablets can contain other auxiliary substances and additives, such as dyes, preservatives, foam regulators, skin protection substances, rinse aids, antibacterial agents, silver protectants, complexing agents and/or fragrances.
- the moldings according to the invention contain no defoamers.
- fragrance compounds such as perfume oils or fragrances, for example, individual fragrance compounds such.
- B. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type can be used.
- Perfume compounds of the ester type are z. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butyl cyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, phenyl ethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methyl phenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z.
- terpenes such as limonene and pinene.
- perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as are available from plant sources, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
- muscatel sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- Substances selected from the group consisting of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used as silver protectants, for example. Particular preference is given to using benzotriazole and/or alkylaminotriazole. Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.
- At least 50% by volume of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets preferably at least 70% by volume, disintegrate and/or dissolve in water at a water temperature of 35° C. within 5 minutes, preferably within 1 minute and particularly preferably within 30 seconds %, more preferably at least 80% by volume, particularly preferably at least 90% by volume and particularly preferably 100% by volume, based on the total volume of the shaped body.
- the dissolution kinetics or the dissolution behavior of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention can not only be regulated via the content of disintegrant and the composition of the shaped body, but can also be influenced via the production process or the tabletting.
- the moldings according to the invention are produced by the usual methods of molding production.
- the hand dishwashing agent tablets are preferably produced by mixing and then compressing the components of the hand dishwashing agent tablets.
- the above measures can be used, for example, to set the solution behavior of the shaped body according to the invention in such a way that the shaped body dissolves in water at 35° C. within 1 minute to at least 50% by volume, preferably 70% by volume, preferably 80% by volume. -%, more preferably 90% by volume, more preferably 95% by volume and most preferably 99% by volume.
- the shaped body dissolves in water at 35° C. water within 45 seconds to at least 50% by volume, preferably to 70% by volume, preferably to 80% by volume, more preferably to 90% by volume. %, more preferably 95% by volume and most preferably 99% by volume.
- the shaped body dissolves in water at 35° C. within 30 seconds to at least 50% by volume, preferably 60% by volume, preferably 70% by volume, more preferably 90% by volume. %, more preferably 95% by volume and most preferably 99% by volume, based on the total volume of the molding according to the invention.
- the components to be processed are pressed in granular form during the production of the shaped bodies.
- the components to be processed are coated with a water-soluble coating substance, preferably with an inorganic coating substance, such as silicic acid, before pressing.
- a water-soluble coating substance preferably with an inorganic coating substance, such as silicic acid
- At least some of the components to be processed are pressed in finely divided form during the production of the shaped bodies.
- the use of a finely divided, possibly ground premix in the production of the shaped body is particularly advantageous since the resulting tablet or shaped body disintegrates spontaneously on contact with water to form a large surface area.
- the strength, the moisture content and the solubility of the moldings according to the invention can also be influenced in a targeted manner by treatment with microwaves.
- the hand dishwashing detergent tablet according to the invention comprises two, three or more layers, which can have the same or different compositions.
- Multilayer moldings can be produced in a manner known per se by preparing two or more premixes which are pressed onto one another.
- the premix introduced first is usually slightly precompressed in order to obtain a smooth upper side running parallel to the base of the tablet, and after the second premix has been introduced, it is finally compressed to give the finished tablet.
- a further precompression takes place after each addition of the premix before the molding is finally pressed after the addition of the last premix.
- the homogeneous or multi-layered hand dishwashing detergent shaped body according to the invention has a depression or a trough and/or a reservoir, which can be a hollow chamber or a matrix in the shaped body, which can be used to hold powdered, liquid and/or gel components , such as rinse aid, is suitable.
- a trough or reservoir filling which is poured into the reservoir or trough as a melt dispersion or emulsion containing active substances, the melt suspension or emulsion essentially consisting of a shell substance which has a melting point above 30.degree having.
- all ingredients commonly used in detergents and cleaning agents are suitable as active substance(s).
- the active substances to be incorporated into the melt suspension or emulsion can be in either solid or liquid form at the processing temperature.
- the enveloping substances which relate to the melting or solidification behavior on the one hand, and the material properties of the encapsulation in the solidified area at ambient temperature on the other.
- the cover Since the cover is intended to permanently protect the active substances enclosed therein against environmental influences during transport or storage, it must have a high level of stability with regard to impact loads occurring, for example, during packaging or transport.
- the casing should therefore have either at least partially elastic or at least plastic properties in order to react to an impact load that occurs through elastic or plastic deformation and not to break.
- the coating should have a melting range (solidification range) in a temperature range such that the active substances to be coated are not exposed to excessive thermal stress.
- the enveloping substances have a melting point above 30.degree.
- waxes is understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances which usually melt above 30° C. without decomposition and are relatively low-viscosity and not stringy even slightly above the melting point. They have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
- Waxes are divided into three groups according to their origin: natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes.
- the natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax) or rump fat, mineral waxes such as ceresin or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or microwaxes.
- vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax or montan wax
- animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax) or rump fat
- the chemically modified waxes include, for example, hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, sasol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
- Synthetic waxes are generally understood to mean polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes. Compounds from other classes of substances which meet the stated requirements with regard to the softening point can also be used as shell materials.
- esters of phthalic acid in particular dicyclohexyl phthalate, which is commercially available under the name Unimoll® 66 (Bayer AG), have proven to be suitable synthetic compounds.
- Synthetically produced waxes from lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols are also suitable, for example dimyristyl tartrate, which is available under the name Cosmacol® ETLP (Condea).
- synthetic or partially synthetic esters of lower alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can also be used.
- This class of substances includes, for example, Tegin® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycerol monostearate palmitate.
- Shellac for example Schellack-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH), can also be used according to the invention as the casing material.
- wax alcohols are likewise counted among the waxes in the context of the present invention.
- Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols, usually with about 22 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the wax alcohols occur, for example, in the form of wax esters of higher molecular weight fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes.
- wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or melissyl alcohol.
- the coating of the solid particles coated according to the invention can optionally also contain wool wax alcohols, by which is meant triterpenoid and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin, which is available, for example, under the trade name Argowax® (Pamentier & Co).
- wool wax alcohols by which is meant triterpenoid and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin, which is available, for example, under the trade name Argowax® (Pamentier & Co).
- fatty acid glycerol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides can also be used, at least in part, as a component of the coating optionally also water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds.
- the separately produced hand dishwashing detergent tablets are filled with the separately produced melt suspension or emulsion at temperatures above the melting temperature of the enveloping substance.
- the temperature of the melt to be filled in can be selected as high as desired, but with regard to temperature-sensitive ingredients it is preferred that the filling is carried out at temperatures which are at most 10° C., preferably at most 5° C. and in particular at most 2° C. above the solidification temperature of the melt suspension or emulsion.
- the metering of the melt suspension or emulsion into the trough of the prefabricated shaped body is preferably carried out by means of a piston metering pump, a pneumatic pump, a peristaltic pump or a gear pump.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of a phosphate-free and silicone-free hand dishwashing detergent tablet according to the present invention for cleaning hard and/or soft surfaces, preferably for cleaning dishes.
- a shaped body with a mass of 8.6 g was produced, comprising a surfactant content of 21% surfactant (Texapon Z95p). Furthermore, fillers in the form of 23.5% citric acid anhydrate and 55% sodium bicarbonate were added as an alkaline agent. This serves as a disintegrating agent to form CO2 for bubbling and dissolving. In addition, 0.25% each color and perfume were dosed.
- the molded body had a central portion and four protuberances projecting therefrom, which were arranged substantially at right angles to each other.
- illustration 1 shows a shaped body 1 for manual cleaning of dishes comprising a central area 10; and two protruding bulge 22.
- Figure 2 shows a shaped body 1 for manual cleaning of dishes comprising a central area 10; and four bulges 22 projecting therefrom. These are arranged substantially at right angles to each other.
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Abstract
Formkörper (1) zum manuellen Reinigung von Geschirr umfassend: wenigstens ein Tensid,dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassder Formkörper (1)einen zentralen Bereich (10); undwenigstens eine davon hervorstehende Ausbuchtung (22) aufweist.Shaped body (1) for manual cleaning of dishes, comprising: at least one surfactant, characterized in that the shaped body (1) has a central region (10); and at least one bulge (22) projecting therefrom.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper mit Ausbuchtungen zur Verbesserung des Auflöseverhaltens.The present invention relates to hand dishwashing detergent tablets with bulges to improve the dissolving behavior.
Wasch- und reinigungsaktive Formkörper in Festform, wie etwa Tabletten, besitzen gegenüber pulverförmigen oder auch flüssigen Mitteln eine Reihe von Vorteilen. Sie zeichnen sich beispielsweise durch eine vorteilhafte Handhabung, eine präzise und einfache Dosierung sowie durch geringere Verpackungsvolumina aus. Zu den bekannten wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Formkörpern in Festform zählen beispielsweise Waschmitteltabletten, Bleichmitteltabletten, Fleckensalztabletten, Wasserenthärtungstabletten und auch Geschirrspülmittel-Tabletten zum maschinellen Gebrauch.Washing and cleaning-active shaped bodies in solid form, such as tablets, have a number of advantages over powdered or liquid agents. They are characterized, for example, by advantageous handling, precise and simple dosing and smaller packaging volumes. The known washing- or cleaning-active tablets in solid form include, for example, detergent tablets, bleach tablets, stain remover tablets, water-softening tablets and also dishwashing detergent tablets for machine use.
Üblicherweise enthalten die vorgenannten Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteltabletten phosphathaltige Sequestriermittel bzw. Träger, wie beispielsweise Natriumtripolyphosphat (NaTPP). In der
Aus den gleichen Gründen sind auch silikonhaltige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel unerwünscht. Die in der
Die bisher im Stand der Technik beschriebenen wasch- und reinigungsaktiven Tabletten enthalten üblicherweise nur relativ geringe Anteile an reinigungsaktiven Substanzen bzw. Tensiden. Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass mit steigendem Gewichtsanteil der grenzflächenaktiven Substanzen die Löslichkeit von kompaktierten Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln deutlich abnimmt. Dies bedeutet für die Praxis, dass gut lösliche Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper eine nur sehr begrenzte Reinigungsleistung zeigen bzw. zu unbefriedigenden Reinigungsergebnissen führen, da der Tensidgehalt zur Gewährleistung einer ausreichenden Löslichkeit relativ niedrig ist. Erhöht man den Tensidgehalt in den üblichen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörpern, führt dies zu einer deutlich verlangsamten Löslichkeitskinetik des resultierenden Formkörpers.The washing and cleaning-active tablets previously described in the prior art usually contain only relatively small amounts of cleaning-active substances or surfactants. It is generally known that the solubility of compacted detergents and cleaning agents decreases significantly as the proportion by weight of the surface-active substances increases. In practice, this means that readily soluble detergent tablets show only very limited cleaning performance or lead to unsatisfactory cleaning results, since the surfactant content ensures a sufficient solubility is relatively low. If the surfactant content in the customary detergent tablets is increased, this leads to significantly slower solubility kinetics of the resulting tablet.
Verstärkt wird dieser Effekt noch zusätzlich durch den Verzicht auf üblicherweise eingesetzte Trägermaterialien, wie beispielsweise niedermolekulare Polycarbonsäuren, Carbonate, Phosphate oder auch Zeolithe. Der Verzicht auf solche Trägermaterialien bzw. die Herabsetzung der Menge an Trägermaterial zugunsten des Tensidgehalts bewirkt ebenfalls ein langsames bzw. verzögertes Auflösen der Formkörpertablette. Je nach Anwendung des Wasch- und Reinigungsmittels ist dies von Nachteil oder aber auch erwünscht. Bei Geschirrspülmittelformkörpertabletten für den maschinellen Gebrauch oder auch bei Waschmitteltabletten ist es häufig wünschenswert, dass die enthaltenen waschaktiven Substanzen über einen längeren Zeitraum freigesetzt werden. Mitunter werden gezielt Materialien zur Löseverzögerung eingesetzt. Dabei handelt es sich in der Regel um Paraffine und/oder Mikrowachse und/oder hoch molekulare Polyethylenglykole.This effect is additionally intensified by dispensing with the carrier materials commonly used, such as, for example, low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids, carbonates, phosphates or zeolites. The omission of such carrier materials or the reduction of the amount of carrier material in favor of the surfactant content also causes a slow or delayed dissolution of the tablet. Depending on the application of the washing and cleaning agent, this is a disadvantage or even desirable. In the case of machine dishwashing detergent tablets or laundry detergent tablets, it is often desirable for the washing-active substances present to be released over a longer period of time. Sometimes materials are used specifically to delay dissolution. These are usually paraffins and/or microwaxes and/or high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
Vollkommen andere Anforderungen sind an Spülmittelformkörpertabletten zur manuellen Reinigung von harten Oberflächen bzw. Geschirr zu stellen. Eine Formkörpertablette zur manuellen Reinigung von Geschirr müsste sich innerhalb eines sehr kurzen Zeitraums möglichst vollständig in der Spülflotte gelöst haben. Die Löslichkeitseigenschaften der Formkörpertablette sollten in jedem Fall so sein, dass der Anwender den Spülvorgang unmittelbar nach Zugabe der Tablette oder des Formkörpers in das Spülwasser beginnen kann.Completely different requirements are to be made of washing-up liquid tablets for the manual cleaning of hard surfaces or crockery. A molded tablet for the manual cleaning of dishes would have to have dissolved as completely as possible in the washing liquor within a very short period of time. In any case, the solubility properties of the shaped body tablet should be such that the user can start the rinsing process immediately after adding the tablet or the shaped body to the rinsing water.
Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper zur Verfügung zu stellen, welcher insbesondere ein gutes Auflöseverhalten bei gleichzeitig hohem Tensidgehalt zeigt.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a hand dishwashing detergent tablet which, in particular, exhibits good dissolving behavior while at the same time having a high surfactant content.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch einen Formkörper zum manuellen Reinigung von Geschirr umfassend:
- wenigstens ein Tensid,
- dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- der Formkörper einen zentralen Bereich; und
- wenigstens eine davon hervorstehende Ausbuchtung aufweist.
- at least one surfactant
- characterized in that
- the shaped body has a central area; and
- at least one protruding bulge thereof.
Insbesondere hat sich herausgestellt, dass der hier beschriebene Aufbau aus Zentralbereich und Ausbuchtungen zu einem besonders guten Auflöseverhalten beiträgt.In particular, it has been found that the structure described here, consisting of a central area and bulges, contributes to particularly good dissolving behavior.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird ein Formkörper beschrieben, umfassend wenigstens zwei hervorstehende Ausbuchtungen.According to a further preferred embodiment, a shaped body is described, comprising at least two protruding bulges.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird ein Formkörper beschrieben, umfassend wenigstens 4 hervorstehende Ausbuchtungen.According to a further preferred embodiment, a shaped body is described, comprising at least 4 protruding bulges.
Insbesondere hat sich herausgestellt, dass der hier beschriebene Aufbau aus Zentralbereich und vier Ausbuchtungen zu einem besonders guten Auflöseverhalten beiträgt. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn die Ausbuchtungen zueinander jeweils etwas in rechten Winkel angeordnet sind.In particular, it has been found that the structure described here, consisting of a central area and four bulges, contributes to particularly good dissolving behavior. This applies in particular if the bulges are each arranged somewhat at right angles to one another.
Gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird ein Formkörper beschrieben umfassend ein Desintegrationsmittel insbesondere ein Carbonat und ein Säureanhydrid. Hierdurch kann sich der Reinigungsmittelformkörper besonders gut in Spülwasser auflösen. Für maschinelle Reinigungsmittel sind solche Systeme allerdings ungeeignet.According to a further preferred embodiment, a shaped body is described comprising a disintegrant, in particular a carbonate and an acid anhydride. As a result, the detergent shaped body can dissolve particularly well in rinsing water. However, such systems are unsuitable for mechanical cleaning agents.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt wird die Verwendung des Formkörpers zum manuellen Reinigung von Geschirr beschrieben.According to a further aspect, the use of the shaped body for the manual cleaning of dishes is described.
Der Formkörper weist bevorzugt wenigstens ein anionisches Tensid auf, wenigstens ein amphoteres und/oder nichtionisches Tensid und wenigstens ein Desintegrationsmittel umfasst, wobei der Tensidgehalt wenigstens 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung des Formkörpers, ausmacht.The shaped body preferably has at least one anionic surfactant, comprises at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant and at least one disintegrant, the surfactant content making up at least 20% by weight, based on the overall composition of the shaped body.
Es wurde überraschenderweise gefunden, dass die Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung trotz des hohen Tensidgehalts von über 20 Gew.-% eine sehr schnelle Löslichkeitskinetik aufweisen und zudem sehr gute anwendungstechnische Eigenschaften zeigen.It was surprisingly found that the hand dishwashing detergent tablets with the composition according to the invention have very rapid solubility kinetics despite the high surfactant content of more than 20% by weight and also show very good performance properties.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper sind vorzugsweise fest, können jedoch auch flüssige und/oder gelförmige Komponenten enthalten. Formkörper im Sinne der Erfindung umfassenThe shaped bodies according to the invention are preferably solid, but can also contain liquid and/or gel-like components. Moldings include within the meaning of the invention
Tabletten, Granulate, Tabs, Quader, stabförmige Körper, tafelförmige Körper und kugelförmige Körper.Tablets, granules, tabs, cuboids, rods, tabulars and spheroids.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper silikonfrei und/oder phosphatfrei.In a preferred embodiment, the moldings according to the invention are silicone-free and/or phosphate-free.
Erfindungsgemäß eignen sich für die Raumform des Formkörpers alle möglichen dreidimensionalen Körper, beispielsweise tafelförmige Körper, die Stab- bzw. Barrenform, Würfel, Quader und entsprechende Raumelemente mit ebenen Seitenflächen, wie sie u. a. in den Patentschriften des Standes der Technik beschrieben sind. Aus praktischen Gründen bzw. aufgrund der anwendungstechnischen Anforderungen sollte der Formkörper je nach Spülgewohnheiten oder nach speziellen Rezepturanforderungen ein Volumen im Bereich von 0,1 cm3 bis 20 cm3 besitzen.According to the invention, all possible three-dimensional bodies are suitable for the three-dimensional shape of the shaped body, for example tabular bodies, the rod or bar shape, cubes, parallelepipeds and corresponding spatial elements with flat side surfaces, as they are u. are described in the prior art patents. For practical reasons and because of the technical application requirements, the shaped body should have a volume in the range from 0.1 cm3 to 20 cm3, depending on washing habits or special recipe requirements.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt, dass die Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper als Tabletten, insbesondere als zylinderförmige Tabletten vorliegen, wobei diese Tabletten vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser von 10 bis 60 mm aufweisen. Die Höhe der Tabletten beträgt erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise 2 bis 20 mm. Aber auch quadratische, rechteckige, trapezförmige, ovale und unregelmäßig geformte Grundflächen lassen sich im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung verwenden. Das Gewicht der erfindungsgemäßen Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper liegt dabei vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 0,5 und 60 g, mehr bevorzugt bei etwa 1 bis 30 g und insbesondere bevorzugt im Bereich von 2 bis 10 g pro Formkörper bzw. Tablette. Je nach Art der Anwendung, Art der Anschmutzung, nach Wasserhärtebereich oder Grad der Verschmutzung des Geschirrs können bei der manuellen Reinigung des Geschirrs eine oder mehrere Formkörper vorzugsweise Tabletten eingesetzt werden.It is preferred according to the invention that the hand dishwashing detergent tablets are in the form of tablets, in particular cylindrical tablets, these tablets preferably having a diameter of 10 to 60 mm. According to the invention, the height of the tablets is preferably 2 to 20 mm. However, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, oval and irregularly shaped base areas can also be used within the scope of the present invention. The weight of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 60 g, more preferably from about 1 to 30 g and particularly preferably in the range from 2 to 10 g per tablet. Depending on the type of application, the type of soiling, the water hardness range or the degree of soiling of the dishes, one or more shaped bodies, preferably tablets, can be used in the manual cleaning of the dishes.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt, dass der Formkörper einen Tensidgehalt von wenigstens 42 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von wenigstens 45 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt von wenigstens 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung des Formkörpers, aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß geeignet ist ein Tensidgehalt im Bereich von 40 bis 70 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den Formkörper. Weiterhin geeignete Tensidgehalte sind beispielsweise 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54 oder auch 55 Gew.-%.It is particularly preferred according to the invention that the shaped body has a surfactant content of at least 42% by weight, preferably at least 45% by weight and particularly preferably at least 50% by weight, based on the overall composition of the shaped body. A surfactant content in the range from 40 to 70% by weight, based on the shaped body, is suitable according to the invention. Surfactant contents which are also suitable are, for example, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54 or else 55% by weight.
Anionische Tenside, die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpern enthalten sein können, sind insbesondere Alkylbenzolsulfonate und/oder Fettalkoholethersulfate, die mit Vorteil teilweise oder vollständig in Form ihrer Mono-, Di- oder Trialkanolammoniumsalze, insbesondere Triethanolammoniumsalze, eingesetzt werden können. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthalten die Mittel dementsprechend Mono-, Di- oder Trialkanolammoniumalkylbenzolsulfonat, insbesondere Triethanolammonium-alkylbenzolsulfonat, in Mengen von, bezogen auf die Gesamtgewichtsmenge an Alkylbenzolsulfonaten, von 10 bis 100%, vorzugsweise von 30 bis 100%, insbesondere von 50 bis 100%.Anionic surfactants which can be contained in the shaped bodies according to the invention are, in particular, alkylbenzene sulfonates and/or fatty alcohol ether sulfates, which are advantageously partially or completely in the form of their mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium salts, in particular Triethanolammonium salts can be used. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the agents accordingly contain mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium alkylbenzene sulfonate, in particular triethanolammonium alkylbenzene sulfonate, in amounts of, based on the total weight of alkylbenzene sulfonates, from 10 to 100%, preferably from 30 to 100%, in particular from 50 until 100%.
In einer gleichfalls bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthalten die Mittel als Alkylbenzolsulfonate ausschließlich Mono-, Di- und/oder Trialkanolammoniumalkylbenzolsulfonat, insbesondere Triethanolammonium-alkylbenzolsulfonat.In an equally preferred embodiment of the invention, the agents contain exclusively mono-, di- and/or trialkanolammonium alkylbenzenesulfonate, in particular triethanolammonium alkylbenzenesulfonate, as the alkylbenzenesulfonate.
Die Mittel können mit Vorteil eine Kombination von Alkylbenzolsulfonaten mit einem oder mehreren Fettalkoholethersulfaten enthalten. In einer dementsprechend bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthalten die Mittel Alkylbenzolsulfonate und Fettalkoholethersulfate in einem Gewichtsmengenverhältnis von 10 : 1 bis 1 : 5, vorzugsweise von 5 : 1 bis 1 : 2, insbesondere von 2 : 1 bis 1 : 1,5. Auch hierbei sind in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung als Alkylbenzolsulfonate ausschließlich Mono-, Di- bzw. Trialkanolammonium-alkylbenzolsulfonate im Mittel enthalten.The agents can advantageously contain a combination of alkyl benzene sulfonates with one or more fatty alcohol ether sulfates. In a correspondingly preferred embodiment of the invention, the agents contain alkyl benzene sulfonates and fatty alcohol ether sulfates in a weight ratio of 10:1 to 1:5, preferably 5:1 to 1:2, in particular 2:1 to 1:1.5. Here, too, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, only mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium alkylbenzenesulfonates are present as the alkylbenzenesulfonates on average.
Weitere anionische Tenside gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung können außer den Alkylbenzolsulfonaten und den bereits genannten Fettalkoholethersulfaten aliphatische Sulfate wie Fettalkoholsulfate, Dialkylethersulfate, Monoglyceridsulfate und aliphatische Sulfonate wie Alkansulfonate, Olefinsulfonate, Ethersulfonate, n-Alkylethersulfonate, Estersulfonate, und Lingninsulfonate sein. Ebenfalls im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendbar sind Fettsäurecyanamide, Sulfobernsteinsäureester, Fettsäureisethionate, Acylaminoalkansulfonate (Fettsäuretauride), Fettsäuresarcosinate, Ethercarbonsäuren und Alkyl(ether)phosphate.In addition to the alkyl benzene sulfonates and the fatty alcohol ether sulfates already mentioned, further anionic surfactants according to the present invention can be aliphatic sulfates such as fatty alcohol sulfates, dialkyl ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates and aliphatic sulfonates such as alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ether sulfonates, n-alkyl ether sulfonates, ester sulfonates and linnin sulfonates. Fatty acid cyanamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters, fatty acid isethionates, acylaminoalkanesulfonates (fatty acid taurides), fatty acid sarcosinates, ether carboxylic acids and alkyl (ether) phosphates can also be used within the scope of the present invention.
Besonders bevorzugt im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die Fettalkoholethersulfate. Ebenfalls bevorzugt sind Fettalkoholsulfate sowie Kombinationen von Fettalkoholethersulfaten und Fettalkoholsulfaten.The fatty alcohol ether sulfates are particularly preferred in the context of the present invention. Fatty alcohol sulfates and combinations of fatty alcohol ether sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfates are also preferred.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung stehen Fettsäuren bzw. Fettalkohole bzw. deren Derivate - soweit nicht anders angegeben - stellvertretend für verzweigte oder unverzweigte Carbonsäuren bzw. Alkohole bzw. deren Derivate mit vorzugsweise 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen. Erstere sind insbesondere wegen ihrer pflanzlichen Basis als auf nachwachsenden Rohstoffen basierend aus ökologischen Gründen bevorzugt, ohne jedoch die erfindungsgemäße Lehre auf sie zu beschränken. Insbesondere sind auch die beispielsweise nach der ROELENSChen Oxo-Synthese erhältlichen Oxo-Alkohole bzw. deren Derivate entsprechend einsetzbar.In the context of the present invention, fatty acids or fatty alcohols or their derivatives—unless otherwise stated—are representative of branched or unbranched carboxylic acids or alcohols or their derivatives preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The former are preferred in particular because of their vegetable basis as based on renewable raw materials for ecological reasons, but without the teaching of the invention to restrict them. In particular, the oxo-alcohols or their derivatives which can be obtained, for example, by ROELEN's oxo-synthesis can also be used accordingly.
Fettalkoholethersulfate sind Produkte von Sulfatierreaktionen an alkoxylierten Alkoholen. Dabei versteht der Fachmann allgemein unter alkoxylierten Alkoholen die Reaktionsprodukte von Alkylenoxid, bevorzugt Ethylenoxid, mit Alkoholen, bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung die längerkettigen Alkohole. In der Regel enstehen aus n Molen Ethylenoxid und einem Mol Alkohol, abhängig von den Reaktionsbedingungen ein komplexes Gemisch von Additionsprodukten unterschiedlichen Ethoxylierungsgrades. Eine weitere Ausführungsform besteht im Einsatz von Gemischen der Alkylenoxide bevozugt des Gemisches von Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid. Ganz besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind niederethoxylierte Fettalkohole (0,5 bis 4 mol EO, bevorzugt 1 bis 2,5 mol EO).Fatty alcohol ether sulfates are products of sulfation reactions on alkoxylated alcohols. The person skilled in the art generally understands alkoxylated alcohols to mean the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols, preferably longer-chain alcohols for the purposes of the present invention. As a rule, a complex mixture of addition products with different degrees of ethoxylation is formed from n moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of alcohol, depending on the reaction conditions. A further embodiment consists in the use of mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Very particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention are low-ethoxylated fatty alcohols (0.5 to 4 mol EO, preferably 1 to 2.5 mol EO).
Bevorzugt werden die anionischen Tenside in Mengen von 0,2 bis 40 Gew.-% eingesetzt, insbesondere von 3 bis 35 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 5 bis 30 Gew.-%.The anionic surfactants are preferably used in amounts of from 0.2 to 40% by weight, in particular from 3 to 35% by weight, particularly preferably from 5 to 30% by weight.
Als Tensidmischungen eignen sich besonders jene aus anionischen in Kombination mit einem oder mehreren nichtionischen Tensiden oder Betaintensiden, wobei die Betaintenside in diesem Zusammenhang mit der Klasse der Amphotenside gleichzusetzen ist. Auch der gemeinsame zusätzliche Einsatz von nichtionischen Tensiden und Betaintensiden im Gemisch kann für viele Anwendungen vorteilhaft sein. Insgesamt verwendet man die Tenside in Mengen von 0,2 bis 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 1 bis 40 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 3 bis 35 Gew.-% und äußerst bevorzugt von 5 bis 30 Gew.-%.Particularly suitable surfactant mixtures are those consisting of anionic surfactants in combination with one or more nonionic surfactants or betaine surfactants, with the betaine surfactants being equated in this context with the class of amphoteric surfactants. The joint additional use of nonionic surfactants and betaine surfactants in a mixture can also be advantageous for many applications. Overall, the surfactants are used in amounts of from 0.2 to 50% by weight, preferably from 1 to 40% by weight, in particular from 3 to 35% by weight and extremely preferably from 5 to 30% by weight.
Nichtionische Tenside im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung können Alkoxylate sein wie Polyglycolether, Fettalkoholpolygycolether, Alkylphenolpolyglycolether, endgruppenverschlossene Polyglycolether, Mischether und Hydroxymischether und Fettsäurepolyglycolester. Ebenfalls verwendbar sind Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Blockpolymere und Fettsäurealkanolamide und Fettsäurepolyglycolether. Eine wichtige Klasse nichtionischer Tenside, die erfindungsgemäß verwendet werden kann, sind die Polyol-Tenside und hier besonders die Glucotenside, wie Alkylpolyglykosid und Fettsäureglucamide. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Alkylpolyglucoside.Nonionic surfactants in the context of the present invention can be alkoxylates such as polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, end-capped polyglycol ethers, mixed ethers and hydroxy mixed ethers and fatty acid polyglycol esters. Also usable are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, block polymers and fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid polyglycol ethers. An important class of nonionic surfactants which can be used according to the invention are the polyol surfactants and here in particular the glucosurfactants such as alkyl polyglycoside and fatty acid glucamides. The alkyl polyglucosides are particularly preferred.
Alkylpolyglykoside sind Tenside, die durch die Reaktion von Zuckern und Alkoholen nach den einschlägigen Verfahren der präparativen organischen Chemie erhalten werden können, wobei es je nach Art der Herstellung zu einem Gemisch monoalkylierter, oligomerer oder polymerer Zucker kommt. Bevorzugte Alkylpolyglykoside können Alkylpolyglucoside sein, wobei besonders bevorzugt der Alkohol ein langkettiger Fettalkohol oder ein Gemisch langkettiger Fettalkohole mit verzweigten oder unverzweigten C8 - bis C18 -Alkylketten ist und der Oligomerisierungsgrad (DP) der Zucker zwischen 1 und 10, vorzugsweise 1 bis 6, insbesondere 1,1 bis 3, äußerst bevorzugt 1,1 bis 1,7, beträgt.Alkyl polyglycosides are surfactants which can be obtained by the reaction of sugars and alcohols by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry, depending on the type of preparation to a mixture of monoalkylated, oligomeric or polymeric sugar is coming. Preferred alkyl polyglycosides can be alkyl polyglucosides, with the alcohol particularly preferably being a long-chain fatty alcohol or a mixture of long-chain fatty alcohols with branched or unbranched C8 - to C18 -alkyl chains and the degree of oligomerization (DP) of the sugars being between 1 and 10, preferably 1 to 6, in particular 1 .1 to 3, most preferably 1.1 to 1.7.
Vorzugsweise enthalten die Mittel nichtionische Tenside in Mengen von 0,1 bis 14,9 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,5 bis 8 Gew.-% und äußerst bevorzugt von 1 bis 6 Gew.-%.The detergents preferably contain nonionic surfactants in amounts of 0.1 to 14.9% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 8% by weight and extremely preferably 1 to 6% by weight.
Zu den Betaintensiden bzw. Amphotensiden, die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt werden können, zählen die Alkylbetaine, die Alkylamidobetaine, die Imidazoliniumbetaine und die Aminopropionate genauso wie die Sulfobetaine und Biotenside. Ein bevorzugter Inhaltsstoff ist hierbei Alkylamidobetain.The betaine surfactants or amphoteric surfactants that can be used according to the invention include the alkyl betaines, the alkylamidobetaines, the imidazolinium betaines and the aminopropionates as well as the sulfobetaines and biosurfactants. A preferred ingredient here is alkylamidobetaine.
Vorzugsweise werden diese Betaintenside bzw. Amphotenside in Mengen von 0,05 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,1 bis 7 Gew.-%, äußerst bevorzugt von 0,2 bis 5 Gew.-%, eingesetzt.These betaine surfactants or amphoteric surfactants are preferably used in amounts of from 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 7% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight.
In einer erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform machen Tensid, Desintegrationsmittel und/oder Tablettierhilfsstoff zusammen wenigstens 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise wenigstens 90 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt wenigstens 95 Gew.-% und insbesondere bevorzugt wenigstens 99 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung des Formkörpers, aus. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht der Formkörper ausschließlich aus Tensid, Desintegrationsmittel und/oder Tablettierhilfsstoff.In a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention, surfactant, disintegrant and/or tabletting excipient together make up at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight and particularly preferably at least 99% by weight, based on the overall composition of the shaped body. In a further preferred embodiment, the shaped body consists exclusively of surfactant, disintegrant and/or tabletting aid.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper als Desintegrationsmittel vorzugsweise wenigstens ein Sprengmittel enthält. Unter Tablettensprengmitteln bzw.
Desintegrationsmittel bzw. Sprengmittel im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung unterstützen durch die Freisetzung von Gasen den raschen Zerfall der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper. Geeignete Desintegrationsmittel umfassen beispielsweise Carbonat/Citronenäure-Systeme, wobei auch andere organische Säuren eingesetzt werden können. Die erfindungsgemäßen Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper enthalten 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 15 Gew.-% und insbesondere 4 bis 12 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer Desintegrationsmittel, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung des Formkörpers.Disintegrants or disintegrants for the purposes of the present invention support the rapid disintegration of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets by releasing gases. Suitable disintegrants include, for example, carbonate/citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used. The hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention contain 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight and in particular 4 to 12% by weight of one or more disintegrants, based in each case on the overall composition of the shaped body.
Vorzugsweise ist das erfindungsgemäße vorgesehene Desintegrationsmittel eine bei Wasserkontakt gasentwickelnde Substanz. Insbesondere bevorzugt enthält der erfindungsgemäße Formkörper als Sprengmittel ein Gemisch aus Säure- und Carbonat-Verbindung, vorzugsweise Citronensäure und Natriumhydrogencarbonat.The disintegrating agent provided according to the invention is preferably a substance which develops gas on contact with water. The shaped body according to the invention particularly preferably contains a mixture of acid and carbonate compound, preferably citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, as disintegrant.
Der erfindungsgemäße Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper enthält weiterhin vorzugsweise wenigstens eine bei Wasserkontakt quellende Substanz, die ebenfalls als Desintegrationsmittel fungiert und nachfolgend auch als Quellkomponente bezeichnet wird. Desintegrationsmittel bzw. Quellkomponenten im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung umfassen Polymere, insbesondere auch natürliche Polymere bzw. modifizierte Naturstoffe wie Cellulose und Stärke und ihre Derivate, Alginate oder Casein-Derivate.The hand dishwashing detergent tablet according to the invention also preferably contains at least one substance that swells on contact with water, which also acts as a disintegrant and is also referred to below as a swelling component. Disintegrants or swelling components within the meaning of the present invention include polymers, in particular also natural polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
Als bevorzugte Desintegrationsmittel werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung Quellkomponenten auf Cellulosebasis eingesetzt. Die erfindungsgemäßen Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper enthalten eine oder mehrere Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis vorzugsweise in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 7 Gew.-% und insbesondere 4 bis 6 Gew.-%. Reine Cellulose weist die formale Bruttozusammensetzung (C6 H10 O5 )n auf und stellt formal betrachtet ein β-1,4-Polyacetal von Cellobiose dar, die ihrerseits aus zwei Molekülen Glucose aufgebaut ist. Geeignete Cellulosen bestehen dabei aus ca. 500 bis 5000 Glucose-Einheiten und haben demzufolge durchschnittliche Molmassen von 50 000 bis 500 000. Als Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis verwendbar sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch Cellulose-Derivate, die durch polymeranaloge Reaktionen aus Cellulose erhältlich sind. Solche chemisch modifizierten Cellulosen umfassen dabei beispielsweise Produkte aus Veresterungen bzw. Veretherungen, in denen Hydroxy-Wasserstoffatome substituiert wurden. Aber auch Cellulosen, in denen die Hydroxy-Gruppen gegen funktionelle Gruppen, die nicht über ein Sauerstoffatom gebunden sind, ersetzt wurden, lassen sich als Cellulose-Derivate einsetzen. In die Gruppe der Cellulose-Derivate fallen beispielsweise Alkalicellulosen, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Celluloseester und -ether sowie Aminocellulosen. Die genannten Cellulosederivate werden vorzugsweise nicht allein eingesetzt, sondern in Mischung mit Cellulose verwendet. Der Gehalt dieser Mischungen an Cellulosederivaten beträgt vorzugsweise unterhalb 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt unterhalb 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis.In the context of the present invention, swelling components based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants. The hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention contain one or more cellulose-based disintegrants, preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C6 H10 O5 )n and is formally a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can also be used in the present invention are cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups that are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone, but used in a mixture with cellulose. The content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant.
Die als Desintegrationsmittel eingesetzte Cellulose wird vorzugsweise nicht in feinteiliger Form eingesetzt, sondern vor dem Zumischen zu den zu verpressenden Gemischen in eine gröbere Form überführt, beispielsweise granuliert oder kompaktiert.The cellulose used as a disintegrating agent is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before it is added to the mixtures to be compressed.
Als weiteres Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis oder als Bestandteil dieser Komponente kann mikrokristalline Cellulose verwendet werden. Diese mikrokristalline Cellulose wird durch partielle Hydrolyse von Cellulosen unter solchen Bedingungen erhalten, die nur die amorphen Bereiche (ca. 30% der Gesamt-Cellulosemasse) der Cellulosen angreifen und vollständig auflösen, die kristallinen Bereiche (ca. 70%) aber unbeschadet lassen. Eine nachfolgende Desaggregation der durch die Hydrolyse entstehenden mikrofeinen Cellulosen liefert die mikrokristallinen Cellulosen, die Primärteilchengrößen von ca. 5 µm aufweisen und beispielsweise zu Granulaten mit einer mittleren Teilchengröße von 200 µm kompaktierbar sind.Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as a further cellulose-based disintegrant or as part of this component. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which attack and completely dissolve only the amorphous areas (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (about 70%) intact. Subsequent deaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis yields the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of about 5 μm and can be compacted, for example, to give granules with an average particle size of 200 μm.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthält der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper als Desintegrationsmittel eine bei Wasserkontakt quellende Substanz ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend Cellulose, Cellulose-Derivate und Mischungen der vorgenannten Substanzen.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hand dishwashing detergent tablet contains a substance that swells on contact with water as a disintegrating agent, selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives and mixtures of the aforementioned substances.
Erfindungsgemäß geeignete Desintegrationsmittel sind beispielsweise Arbocel® der Firma J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH und Co., Avicel® der Firma Lehmann & Voss, oder auch Elcema® der Firma Degussa.Disintegrants suitable according to the invention are, for example, Arbocel® from J. Rettenmaier & Sons GmbH and Co., Avicel® from Lehmann & Voss, or else Elcema® from Degussa.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthalten der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper wenigstens ein Desintegrationsmittel in einer Menge von wenigstens 0,5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise in einer Menge im Bereich von 0,5 und 60 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 4 und 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung des Formkörpers, enthält.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the hand dishwashing detergent tablets contain at least one disintegrant in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, preferably in an amount in the range from 0.5 to 60% by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 4 to 10% by weight .-%, based on the total composition of the molding contains.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt enthalten die Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper wenigstens ein anionisches Tensid ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend Fettalkoholsulfate, vorzugsweise Fettalkoholsulfate mit einer Kettenlänge des lipophilen Teils von C8 -C16 , Fettalkoholethersulfate, vorzugsweise Fettalkoholethersulfate mit einer Kettenlänge des lipophilen Teils von C8 -C16 und EO-Graden zwischen 0,1 und 8, lineare Alkylsulfonate, vorzugsweise Alkoholsulfonate mit einer Kettenlänge des Alkylrestes von C8 -C18 und Alkylbenzolsulfonate. Vorgenannte anionische Tenside können entweder in reiner Form oder als Gemisch eingesetzt werden. Erfindungsgemäß geeignete Gegenionen beinhalten alle möglichen kationischen Verbindungen, besonders bevorzugt sind quartäre Amine, Alkali und Erdalkaligegenionen, wie beispielsweise Magnesium.According to the invention, the hand dishwashing detergent tablets preferably contain at least one anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, preferably fatty alcohol sulfates with a chain length of the lipophilic part of C8-C16, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, preferably fatty alcohol ether sulfates with a chain length of the lipophilic part of C8-C16 and EO grades between 0, 1 and 8, linear alkyl sulfonates, preferably alcohol sulfonates with a chain length of the alkyl radical of C8 -C18 and alkyl benzene sulfonates. The anionic surfactants mentioned above can be used either in pure form or as a mixture. Counterions suitable according to the invention include all possible ones cationic compounds, particularly preferred are quaternary amines, alkali and alkaline earth counter ions, such as magnesium.
In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper 1 bis 60 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 40 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung des Formkörpers, wenigstens eines anionischen Tensids.In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the hand dishwashing detergent tablet contains 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total composition of the tablet, of at least one anionic surfactant.
Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass der Formkörper wenigstens ein amphoteres und/oder nicht ionisches Tensid ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend Betaine, Alkylpolyglycoside, vorzugsweise C12 -C16 -Alkylpolyglycoside, und Alkylalkoholpolyglycolether enthält. Insbesondere bevorzugt enthält der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper 0,1 bis 35 Gew-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung des Formkörpers, wenigstens eines amphoteren und/oder nichtionischen Tensids.Furthermore, it is preferred that the shaped body contains at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of betaines, alkyl polyglycosides, preferably C12-C16 alkyl polyglycosides, and alkyl alcohol polyglycol ethers. The hand dishwashing detergent tablets particularly preferably contain 0.1 to 35% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, based on the overall composition of the tablet, of at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant.
Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper 5 bis 40 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge an Tensid im Formkörper, wenigstens eines amphoteren und/oder nichtionischen Tensids enthält.Furthermore, it is preferred that the hand dishwashing detergent tablet contains 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total amount of surfactant in the tablet, of at least one amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt, dass der Formkörper neben Tensid, Desintgrationsmittel einen oder mehrere Tablettierhilfsstoffe enthält. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Tablettierhilfsstoffe sind Wasserglas und/oder Kieselsäure. Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpern vorzugsweise enthaltene Kieselsäure dient als Tablettierhilfsmittel, kann aber gleichzeitig auch als milde Abrasivkomponente polierend wirken.According to the invention, it is particularly preferred for the shaped body to contain one or more tabletting auxiliaries in addition to surfactant and disintegrating agent. Tableting excipients preferred according to the invention are water glass and/or silicic acid. The silicic acid preferably contained in the shaped bodies according to the invention serves as a tabletting aid, but can also have a polishing effect as a mild abrasive component.
Erfindungsgemäß besonders geeignet sind Fällungskieselsäuren und pyrogene Kieselsäure.According to the invention, precipitated silicas and fumed silica are particularly suitable.
In den erfindungsgemäßen Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörpern können gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung auch andere Tablettierhilfsstoffe alternativ oder zusätzlich zu den vorgenannten Substanzen enthalten sein, wie beispielsweise Zeolithe, Silikate, Carbonate oder auch sogenannte organische Cobuilder.According to the present invention, the hand dishwashing detergent shaped bodies according to the invention can also contain other tableting auxiliaries as an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned substances, such as zeolites, silicates, carbonates or else so-called organic cobuilders.
Geeignete kristalline, schichtförmige Natriumsilikate besitzen die allgemeine Formel NaMSix O2x+1 .H2 O, wobei M Natrium oder Wasserstoff bedeutet, x eine Zahl von 1,9 bis 4 und y eine Zahl von 0 bis 20 ist und bevorzugte Werte für x 2, 3 oder 4 sind. Derartige kristalline Schichtsilikate werden beispielsweise in der europäischen Patentanmeldung
Einsetzbar sind auch amorphe Natriumsilikate. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung wird unter dem Begriff "amorph" auch "röntgenamorph" verstanden. Dies heißt, dass die Silikate bei Röntgenbeugungsexperimenten keine scharten Röntgenreflexe liefern, wie sie für kristalline Substanzen typisch sind, sondern allenfalls ein oder mehrere Maxima der gestreuten Röntgenstrahlung, die eine Breite von mehreren Gradeinheiten des Beugungswinkels aufweisen. Derartige sogenannte röntgenamorphe Silikate, welche eine Löseverzögerung gegenüber den herkömmlichen Wassergläsern aufweisen, werden beispielsweise in der deutschen Patentanmeldung
Der einsetzbare feinkristalline, synthetische und gebundenes Wasser enthaltende Zeolith ist vorzugsweise Zeolith A und/oder P. Als Zeolith P wird Zeolith MAP® (Handelsprodukt der Firma Crosfield) besonders bevorzugt. Geeignet sind jedoch auch Zeolith X sowie Mischungen aus A, X und/oder P. Kommerziell erhältlich und im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugt einsetzbar ist beispielsweise auch ein Co-Kristallisat aus Zeolith X und Zeolith A (ca. 80 Gew.-% Zeolith X), das von der Firma CONDEA Augusta S. p. A. unter dem Markennamen VEGOBOND AX® vertrieben wird und durch die Formel nNa2 O.(1-n)K2 O.Al2 O3 .(2-2,5)SiO2 .(3,5-5,5)H2 O beschrieben werden kann. Der Zeolith kann dabei sowohl als Tablettierhilfsstoff in einem granularen Compound eingesetzt, als auch zu einer Art "Abpuderung" der gesamten zu verpressenden Mischung verwendet werden. Geeignete Zeolithe weisen eine mittlere Teilchengröße von weniger als 10 µm (Volumenverteilung; Meßmethode: Coulter Counter) auf und enthalten vorzugsweise 18 bis 22 Gew.-%, insbesondere 20 bis 22 Gew.-% an gebundenem Wasser.The finely crystalline, synthetic zeolite containing bound water that can be used is preferably zeolite A and/or P. Zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred as zeolite P. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and/or P are also suitable. A co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight of zeolite X ) managed by CONDEA Augusta S. p. A. is sold under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ® and is described by the formula nNa2 O.(1-n)K2 O.Al2 O3 .(2-2.5)SiO2 .(3.5-5.5)H2 O can. The zeolite can be used both as a tableting aid in a granular compound and for a kind of "powdering" of the entire mixture to be compressed. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
Übliche organische Tablettierhilfsstoffe sind beispielsweise die in Form ihrer Natriumsalze einsetzbaren Polycarbonsäuren, wie Citronensäure, Adipinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Weinsäure, Zuckersäuren, Aminocarbonsäuren, Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA), sofern ein derartiger Einsatz aus ökologischen Gründen nicht zu beanstanden ist, sowie Mischungen aus diesen.Customary organic tabletting excipients are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids that can be used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
Bevorzugte Salze sind die Salze der Polycarbonsäuren wie Citronensäure, Adipinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Weinsäure, Zuckersäuren und Mischungen aus diesen.Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
Als weitere Komponenten können Alkaliträger zugegen sein. Als Alkaliträger gelten Alkalimetallhydroxide, Alkalimetallcarbonate, Alkalimetallhydrogencarbonate, Alkalimetallsesquicarbonate, Alkalisilikate, Alkalimetasilikate, und Mischungen der vorgenannten Stoffe.Alkali carriers can be present as further components. Alkali carriers are alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal metasilicates and mixtures of the aforementioned substances.
Neben den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Tensiden, Sprengmitteln, Quellkomponenten und/oder Hilfstablettierstoffen können die Handgeschirrspülmitteltabletten weitere Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe, wie beispielsweise Farbstoffe, Konservierungsmittel, Schaumregulatoren, Hautschutzstoffe, Klarspüler, antibakterielle Mittel, Silberschutzmittel, Komplexbildner und/oder Duftstoffe enthalten.In addition to the surfactants, disintegrants, swelling components and/or auxiliary tableting substances provided according to the invention, the hand dishwashing detergent tablets can contain other auxiliary substances and additives, such as dyes, preservatives, foam regulators, skin protection substances, rinse aids, antibacterial agents, silver protectants, complexing agents and/or fragrances.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper keine Entschäumer.In a further preferred embodiment, the moldings according to the invention contain no defoamers.
Als Parfümöle bzw. Duftstoffe können beispielsweise einzelne Riechstoffverbindungen, z. B. die synthetischen Produkte vom Typ der Ester, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alkohole und Kohlenwasserstoffe verwendet werden. Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Ester sind z. B. Benzylacetat, Phenoxyethylisobutyrat, p-tert.-Butylcyclohexylacetat, Linalylacetat, Dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetat, Phenylethylacetat, Linalylbenzoat, Benzylformiat, Ethylmethylphenylglycinat, Allylcyclohexylpropionat, Styrallylpropionat und Benzylsalicylat. Zu den Ethern zählen beispielsweise Benzylethylether, zu den Aldehyden z. B. die linearen Alkanale mit 8-18 C-Atomen, Citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyd, Cyclamenaldehyd, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial und Bourgeonal, zu den Ketonen z. B. die Jonone, α-Isomethylionon und Methylcedrylketon, zu den Alkoholen Anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Geraniol, Linalool, Phenylethylalkohol und Terpineol, zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen gehören hauptsächlich die Terpene wie Limonen und Pinen. Bevorzugt werden jedoch Mischungen verschiedener Riechstoffe verwendet, die gemeinsam eine ansprechende Duftnote erzeugen. Solche Parfümöle können auch natürliche Riechstoffgemische enthalten, wie sie aus pflanzlichen Quellen zugänglich sind, z. B. Pine-, Citrus-, Jasmin-, Patchouly-, Rosen- oder Ylang-Ylang-Öl. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Muskateller, Salbeiöl, Kamillenöl, Nelkenöl, Melissenöl, Minzöl, Zimtblätteröl, Lindenblütenöl, Wacholderbeeröl, Vetiveröl, Olibanumöl, Galbanumöl und Labdanumöl sowie Orangenblütenöl, Neroliol, Orangenschalenöl und Sandelholzöl.As perfume oils or fragrances, for example, individual fragrance compounds such. B. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type can be used. Perfume compounds of the ester type are z. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butyl cyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, phenyl ethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methyl phenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8-18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones z. the ionones, α-isomethylionone and methylcedryl ketone, the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce an appealing fragrance note. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as are available from plant sources, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
Als Silberschutzmittel können beispielsweise Substanzen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Triazole, der Benzotriazole, der Bisbenzotriazole, der Aminotriazole, der Alkylaminotriazole und der Übergangsmetallsalze oder -komplexe eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt zu verwenden sind Benzotriazol und/oder Alkylaminotriazol. Ebenfalls können Zinkverbindungen zur Verhinderung der Korrosion am Spülgut eingesetzt werden.Substances selected from the group consisting of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used as silver protectants, for example. Particular preference is given to using benzotriazole and/or alkylaminotriazole. Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.
In einer erfindungsgemäß bevorzugten Ausführungsform zerfallen und/oder lösen sich in Wasser bei einer Wassertemperatur von 35°C innerhalb von 5 min. vorzugsweise innerhalb von 1 min und besonders bevorzugt innerhalb von 30 s wenigstens 50 Vol.-% des Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörpers, vorzugsweise wenigstens 70 Vol.-%, mehr bevorzugt wenigstens 80 Vol.-%, besonders bevorzugt wenigstens 90 Vol.-% und insbesondere bevorzugt 100 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtvolumen des Formkörpers.In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, at least 50% by volume of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets, preferably at least 70% by volume, disintegrate and/or dissolve in water at a water temperature of 35° C. within 5 minutes, preferably within 1 minute and particularly preferably within 30 seconds %, more preferably at least 80% by volume, particularly preferably at least 90% by volume and particularly preferably 100% by volume, based on the total volume of the shaped body.
Die Auflösungskinetik bzw. das Auflösungsverhalten der erfindungsgemäßen Handgeschirrspülmitteltabletten ist nicht nur über den Gehalt an Desintegrationsmittel und die Zusammensetzung des Formkörpers regulierbar, sondern auch über das Herstellungsverfahren bzw. die Tablettierung beeinflussbar. Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper erfolgt nach den gängigen Verfahren der Formkörperherstellung. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Herstellung der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper durch Vermischen und anschließendes Verpressen der Komponenten der Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper.The dissolution kinetics or the dissolution behavior of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention can not only be regulated via the content of disintegrant and the composition of the shaped body, but can also be influenced via the production process or the tabletting. The moldings according to the invention are produced by the usual methods of molding production. The hand dishwashing agent tablets are preferably produced by mixing and then compressing the components of the hand dishwashing agent tablets.
Durch die vorstehenden Maßnahmen kann das Lösungsverhalten des erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpers beispielsweise so eingestellt werden, dass sich der Formkörper in Wasser bei 35°C Wasser innerhalb 1 Minute zu wenigstens 50 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise zu 70 Vol.-%, bevorzugt zu 80 Vol.-%, noch bevorzugter zu 90 Vol.-%, weiter bevorzugt zu 95 Vol.- % und am meisten bevorzugt zu 99 Vol.-% gelöst hat. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform löst sich der Formkörper in Wasser bei 35°C Wasser innerhalb 45 Sekunden zu wenigstens 50 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise zu 70 Vol.-%, bevorzugt zu 80 Vol.-%, noch bevorzugter zu 90 Vol.-%, weiter bevorzugt zu 95 Vol.-% und am meisten bevorzugt zu 99 Vol.-%. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform löst sich der Formkörper in Wasser bei 35°C Wasser innerhalb 30 Sekunden zu wenigstens 50 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise zu 60 Vol.-%, bevorzugt zu 70 Vol.-%, noch bevorzugter zu 90 Vol.-%, weiter bevorzugt zu 95 Vol.-% und am meisten bevorzugt zu 99 Vol.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtvolumen des erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpers..The above measures can be used, for example, to set the solution behavior of the shaped body according to the invention in such a way that the shaped body dissolves in water at 35° C. within 1 minute to at least 50% by volume, preferably 70% by volume, preferably 80% by volume. -%, more preferably 90% by volume, more preferably 95% by volume and most preferably 99% by volume. In a further preferred embodiment, the shaped body dissolves in water at 35° C. water within 45 seconds to at least 50% by volume, preferably to 70% by volume, preferably to 80% by volume, more preferably to 90% by volume. %, more preferably 95% by volume and most preferably 99% by volume. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the shaped body dissolves in water at 35° C. within 30 seconds to at least 50% by volume, preferably 60% by volume, preferably 70% by volume, more preferably 90% by volume. %, more preferably 95% by volume and most preferably 99% by volume, based on the total volume of the molding according to the invention.
Im Hinblick auf das gewünschte rasche Auflösungsverhalten der Formkörper haben sich bestimmte Maßnahmen bei der Herstellung der Tabletten bzw. Formkörper als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird bei der Herstellung der Formkörper wenigstens einen Teil der zu verarbeitenden Komponenten, vorzugsweise die tensidischen Komponenten, in granularer Form verpresst.With regard to the desired rapid dissolution behavior of the shaped bodies, certain measures in the production of the tablets or shaped bodies have proven to be special proven beneficial. In a preferred embodiment, at least some of the components to be processed, preferably the surfactant components, are pressed in granular form during the production of the shaped bodies.
Es ist weiterhin besonders bevorzugt, dass wenigstens ein Teil der zu verarbeitenden Komponenten, vorzugsweise die tensidischen Komponenten, vor dem Verpressen mit einer wasserlöslichen Hüllsubstanz, vorzugsweise mit einer anorganischen Hüllsubstanz, wie beispielweise Kieselsäure, beschichtet werden.It is also particularly preferred that at least some of the components to be processed, preferably the surface-active components, are coated with a water-soluble coating substance, preferably with an inorganic coating substance, such as silicic acid, before pressing.
In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird bei der Herstellung der Formkörper wenigstens ein Teil der zu verarbeitenden Komponenten, vorzugsweise die tensidischen Komponenten, in feinteiliger Form verpresst. Die Verwendung eines feinteiligen, eventuell gemahlenen Vorgemisches bei der Formkörperherstellung ist besonders vorteilhaft, da die resultierende Tablette bzw. der Formkörper bei Kontakt mit Wasser spontan unter Bildung einer hohen Oberfläche zerfällt.In a further embodiment which is particularly preferred according to the invention, at least some of the components to be processed, preferably the surfactant components, are pressed in finely divided form during the production of the shaped bodies. The use of a finely divided, possibly ground premix in the production of the shaped body is particularly advantageous since the resulting tablet or shaped body disintegrates spontaneously on contact with water to form a large surface area.
Grundsätzlich ist es bevorzugt, dass bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper nach Möglichkeit Komponenten verwendet werden, die nicht zum Gelen neigen. Der Einsatz stark gelender Komponenten wirkt sich nachteilig auf das Auflösungsverhalten der Formkörper aus.In principle, it is preferred that, if possible, components that do not tend to gel are used in the production of the hand dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention. The use of strongly gelling components has a disadvantageous effect on the dissolution behavior of the shaped bodies.
Die Festigkeit, der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt sowie die Löslichkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper lassen sich auch durch Behandlung mit Mikrowellen gezielt beeinflussen.The strength, the moisture content and the solubility of the moldings according to the invention can also be influenced in a targeted manner by treatment with microwaves.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst der erfindungsgemäße Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper zwei, drei oder mehr Schichten, welche gleiche oder unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungen aufweisen können. Mehrschichtige Formkörper lassen sich in an sich bekannter Weise herstellen, indem man zwei oder mehrere Vorgemische bereitet, die aufeinander verpreßt werden. Hierbei wird üblicherweise das zuerst eingefüllte Vorgemisch leicht vorverpreßt, um eine glatte und parallel zum Formkörperboden verlaufende Oberseite zu bekommen, und nach Einfüllen des zweiten Vorgemischs zum fertigen Formkörper endverpreßt. Bei drei- oder mehrschichtigen Formkörpern erfolgt nach jeder Vorgemisch-Zugabe eine weitere Vorverpressung, bevor nach Zugabe des letzten Vorgemischs der Formkörper endverpreßt wird.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hand dishwashing detergent tablet according to the invention comprises two, three or more layers, which can have the same or different compositions. Multilayer moldings can be produced in a manner known per se by preparing two or more premixes which are pressed onto one another. In this case, the premix introduced first is usually slightly precompressed in order to obtain a smooth upper side running parallel to the base of the tablet, and after the second premix has been introduced, it is finally compressed to give the finished tablet. In the case of three-layer or multi-layer moldings, a further precompression takes place after each addition of the premix before the molding is finally pressed after the addition of the last premix.
Weiterhin bevorzugt ist es, dass der homogene oder mehrschichtig aufgebaute erfindungsgemäße Hangeschirrspülmittelformkörper eine Vertiefung bzw. eine Mulde und/oder ein Reservoir, welches eine Hohlkammer oder eine Matrix in dem Formkörper sein kann, aufweist, das zur Aufnahme pulverförmiger, flüssiger und/oder gelförmiger Komponenten, wie beispielsweise Klarspüler, geeignet ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Mulden- bzw. Reservoirfüllung, welche als Aktivsubstanzen enthaltende Schmelzdispersion bzw. -emulsion in das Reservoir bzw. die Mulde gegossen wird, wobei die Schmelzsuspension oder - emulsion im wesentlichen aus einer Hüllsubstanz besteht, die einen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 30°C aufweist. Als Aktivstoff(e) eignen sich dabei prinzipiell alle üblicherweise in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln eingesetzten Inhaltsstoffe. Die in die Schmelzsuspension bzw. -emulsion einzuarbeitenden Aktivstoffe können bei der Verarbeitungstemperatur sowohl in fester als aber auch in flüssiger Form vorliegen.It is also preferred that the homogeneous or multi-layered hand dishwashing detergent shaped body according to the invention has a depression or a trough and/or a reservoir, which can be a hollow chamber or a matrix in the shaped body, which can be used to hold powdered, liquid and/or gel components , such as rinse aid, is suitable. Particular preference is given to a trough or reservoir filling which is poured into the reservoir or trough as a melt dispersion or emulsion containing active substances, the melt suspension or emulsion essentially consisting of a shell substance which has a melting point above 30.degree having. In principle, all ingredients commonly used in detergents and cleaning agents are suitable as active substance(s). The active substances to be incorporated into the melt suspension or emulsion can be in either solid or liquid form at the processing temperature.
An die Hüllsubstanzen werden verschiedene Anforderungen gestellt, die zum einen das Schmelz- beziehungsweise Erstarrungsverhalten, zum anderen jedoch auch die Materialeigenschaften der Umhüllung im erstarrten Bereich bei Umgebungstemperatur betreffen. Da die Umhüllung die darin eingeschlossenen Aktivstoffe bei Transport oder Lagerung dauerhaft gegen Umgebungseinflüsse schützen soll, muß sie eine hohe Stabilität gegenüber beispielsweise bei Verpackung oder Transport auftretenden Stoßbelastungen aufweisen. Die Umhüllung sollte also entweder zumindest teilweise elastische oder zumindest plastische Eigenschaften aufweisen, um auf eine auftretende Stoßbelastung durch elastische oder plastische Verformung zu reagieren und nicht zu zerbrechen. Die Umhüllung sollte einen Schmelzbereich (Erstarrungsbereich) in einem solchen Temperaturbereich aufweisen, bei dem die zu umhüllenden Aktivstoffe keiner zu hohen thermischen Belastung ausgesetzt werden. Erfindungsgemäß weisen die Hüllsubstanzen einen Schmelzpunkt über 30°C auf.Various requirements are placed on the enveloping substances, which relate to the melting or solidification behavior on the one hand, and the material properties of the encapsulation in the solidified area at ambient temperature on the other. Since the cover is intended to permanently protect the active substances enclosed therein against environmental influences during transport or storage, it must have a high level of stability with regard to impact loads occurring, for example, during packaging or transport. The casing should therefore have either at least partially elastic or at least plastic properties in order to react to an impact load that occurs through elastic or plastic deformation and not to break. The coating should have a melting range (solidification range) in a temperature range such that the active substances to be coated are not exposed to excessive thermal stress. According to the invention, the enveloping substances have a melting point above 30.degree.
Die oben genannten Eigenschaften werden in der Regel von sogenannten Wachsen erfüllt. Unter "Wachsen" wird eine Reihe natürlicher oder künstlich gewonnener Stoffe verstanden, die in der Regel über 30°C ohne Zersetzung schmelzen und schon wenig oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes verhältnismäßig niedrigviskos und nicht fadenziehend sind. Sie weisen eine stark temperaturabhängige Konsistenz und Löslichkeit auf.The properties mentioned above are usually fulfilled by so-called waxes. "Waxes" is understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances which usually melt above 30° C. without decomposition and are relatively low-viscosity and not stringy even slightly above the melting point. They have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
Nach ihrer Herkunft teilt man die Wachse in drei Gruppen ein, die natürlichen Wachse, chemisch modifizierte Wachse und die synthetischen Wachse.Waxes are divided into three groups according to their origin: natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes.
Zu den natürlichen Wachsen zählen beispielsweise pflanzliche Wachse wie Candelillawachs, Carnaubawachs, Japanwachs, Espartograswachs, Korkwachs, Guarumawachs, Reiskeimölwachs, Zuckerrohrwachs, Ouricurywachs, oder Montanwachs, tierische Wachse wie Bienenwachs, Schellackwachs, Walrat, Lanolin (Wollwachs), oder Bürzelfett, Mineralwachse wie Ceresin oder Ozokerit (Erdwachs), oder petrochemische Wachse wie Petrolatum, Paraffinwachse oder Mikrowachse.The natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax) or rump fat, mineral waxes such as ceresin or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or microwaxes.
Zu den chemisch modifizierten Wachsen zählen beispielsweise Hartwachse wie Montanesterwachse, Sassolwachse oder hydrierte Jojobawachse.The chemically modified waxes include, for example, hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, sasol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
Unter synthetischen Wachsen werden in der Regel Polyalkylenwachse oder Polyalkylenglycolwachse verstanden. Als Hüllmaterialien einsetzbar sind auch Verbindungen aus anderen Stoffklassen, die die genannten Erfordernisse hinsichtlich des Erweichungspunkts erfüllen.Synthetic waxes are generally understood to mean polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes. Compounds from other classes of substances which meet the stated requirements with regard to the softening point can also be used as shell materials.
Als geeignete synthetische Verbindungen haben sich beispielsweise höhere Ester der Phthalsäure, insbesondere Dicyclohexylphthalat, das kommerziell unter dem Namen Unimoll® 66 (Bayer AG) erhältlich ist, erwiesen. Geeignet sind auch synthetisch hergestellte Wachse aus niederen Carbonsäuren und Fettalkoholen, beispielsweise Dimyristyl Tartrat, das unter dem Namen Cosmacol® ETLP (Condea) erhältlich ist. Umgekehrt sind auch synthetische oder teilsynthetische Ester aus niederen Alkoholen mit Fettsäuren aus nativen Quellen einsetzbar. In diese Stoffklasse fällt beispielsweise das Tegin® 90 (Goldschmidt), ein Glycerinmonostearatpalmitat. Auch Schellack, beispielsweise Schellack-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH) ist erfindungsgemäß als Hüllmaterial einsetzbar.For example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl phthalate, which is commercially available under the name Unimoll® 66 (Bayer AG), have proven to be suitable synthetic compounds. Synthetically produced waxes from lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols are also suitable, for example dimyristyl tartrate, which is available under the name Cosmacol® ETLP (Condea). Conversely, synthetic or partially synthetic esters of lower alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can also be used. This class of substances includes, for example, Tegin® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycerol monostearate palmitate. Shellac, for example Schellack-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH), can also be used according to the invention as the casing material.
Ebenfalls zu den Wachsen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden beispielsweise die sogenannten Wachsalkohole gerechnet. Wachsalkohole sind höhermolekulare, wasserunlösliche Fettalkohole mit in der Regel etwa 22 bis 40 Kohlenstoffatomen. Die Wachsalkohole kommen beispielsweise in Form von Wachsestern höhermolekularer Fettsäuren (Wachssäuren) als Hauptbestandteil vieler natürlicher Wachse vor. Beispiele für Wachsalkohole sind Lignocerylalkohol (1-Tetracosanol), Cetylalkohol, Myristylalkohol oder Melissylalkohol. Die Umhüllung der erfindungsgemäß umhüllten Feststoffpartikel kann gegebenenfalls auch Wollwachsalkohole enthalten, worunter man Triterpenoid- und Steroidalkohole, beispielsweise Lanolin, versteht, das beispielsweise unter der Handelsbezeichnung Argowax® (Pamentier & Co) erhältlich ist. Ebenfalls zumindest anteilig als Bestandteil der Umhüllung einsetzbar sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung Fettsäureglycerinester oder Fettsäurealkanolamide aber gegebenenfalls auch wasserunlösliche oder nur wenig wasserlösliche Polyalkylenglycolverbindungen.The so-called wax alcohols, for example, are likewise counted among the waxes in the context of the present invention. Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols, usually with about 22 to 40 carbon atoms. The wax alcohols occur, for example, in the form of wax esters of higher molecular weight fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes. Examples of wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or melissyl alcohol. The coating of the solid particles coated according to the invention can optionally also contain wool wax alcohols, by which is meant triterpenoid and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin, which is available, for example, under the trade name Argowax® (Pamentier & Co). Within the scope of the present invention, however, fatty acid glycerol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides can also be used, at least in part, as a component of the coating optionally also water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds.
In einem üblichen Verfahren werden die separat hergestellten Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörper mit der separat hergestellten Schmelzsuspension bzw. -emulsion bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Hüllsubstanz befüllt. Die Temperatur der einzufüllenden Schmelze kann dabei beliebig hoch gewählt werden, im Hinblick auf temperaturempfindliche Inhaltsstoffe ist es aber bevorzugt, dass die Befüllung bei Temperaturen durchgeführt wird, die maximal 10°C, vorzugsweise maximal 5°C und insbesondere maximal 2°C oberhalb der Erstarrungstemperatur der Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion liegen. Das Eindosieren der Schmelzsuspension oder -emulsion in die Mulde des vorgefertigten Formkörpers erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise mittels einer Kolbendosierpumpe, einer pneumatischen Pumpe, einer Schlauchpumpe oder einer Zahnradpumpe.In a customary process, the separately produced hand dishwashing detergent tablets are filled with the separately produced melt suspension or emulsion at temperatures above the melting temperature of the enveloping substance. The temperature of the melt to be filled in can be selected as high as desired, but with regard to temperature-sensitive ingredients it is preferred that the filling is carried out at temperatures which are at most 10° C., preferably at most 5° C. and in particular at most 2° C. above the solidification temperature of the melt suspension or emulsion. The metering of the melt suspension or emulsion into the trough of the prefabricated shaped body is preferably carried out by means of a piston metering pump, a pneumatic pump, a peristaltic pump or a gear pump.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verwendung eines phosphat- und silikonfreien Handgeschirrspülmittelformkörpers gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung zur Reinigung harter und/oder weicher Oberflächen, vorzugsweise zur Reinigung von Geschirr.Another object of the present invention is the use of a phosphate-free and silicone-free hand dishwashing detergent tablet according to the present invention for cleaning hard and/or soft surfaces, preferably for cleaning dishes.
In einem Beispiel wurde ein Formkörper mit einer Masse von 8.6g hergestellt umfassend ein Tensidgehalt von 21% Tensid (Texapon Z95p). Ferner wurden Füllstoffe in Form von 23,5% Zitronensäureanhydrat und 55% Natriumhydrogencarbonat als alkalisches Mittel beigefügt. Dieses dient als Desintegrationsmittel zur Bildung von CO2 zum Sprudeln und Auflösen. Zudem wurden jeweils 0,25% Farbe und Parfum dosiert. Der Formkörper hatte einen zentralen Bereich und vier davon hervorstehende Ausbuchtung, welche im Wesentlichen in einem rechten Winkel zueinander angeordnet waren.In one example, a shaped body with a mass of 8.6 g was produced, comprising a surfactant content of 21% surfactant (Texapon Z95p). Furthermore, fillers in the form of 23.5% citric acid anhydrate and 55% sodium bicarbonate were added as an alkaline agent. This serves as a disintegrating agent to form CO2 for bubbling and dissolving. In addition, 0.25% each color and perfume were dosed. The molded body had a central portion and four protuberances projecting therefrom, which were arranged substantially at right angles to each other.
Es zeigte sich das ein solcher Körper gegenüber einer einfachen blockartig ausgebildeten Formkörper gleicher Zusammensetzung und Masse ein verbessertes Auflöseverhalten aufweist.It was found that such a body has improved dissolving behavior compared to a simple block-like shaped body of the same composition and mass.
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EP0164514A1 (en) | 1984-04-11 | 1985-12-18 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Use of lamellar crystalline sodium silicates in water-softening processes |
EP0178893A2 (en) | 1984-10-18 | 1986-04-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Solid detergent compositions |
SU1402608A1 (en) | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-15 | Проектно-Технологическое Бюро Всесоюзного Промышленного Объединения По Производству Товаров Бытовой Химии | Agent in pills for cleaning glass surface |
GB2200365A (en) | 1987-01-26 | 1988-08-03 | Goodjet Ltd | Detergent composition |
WO1991008171A1 (en) | 1989-12-02 | 1991-06-13 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the hydrothermal production of crystalline sodium disilicate |
DE4400024A1 (en) | 1994-01-03 | 1995-07-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Silicate builders and their use in detergents and cleaning agents as well as multi-component mixtures for use in this field |
DE10111780A1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-10-02 | Isaak Abramov | Effervescent tablet, useful for medical, cosmetic, cleaning or drink preparation purposes, comprises a cover layer provided on opposite sides with openings |
DE10126706A1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Manual dishwashing agent (e.g. tablets) combining high water-dissolution rate with predetermined surfactant content contains an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant as well as a disintegrating agent |
EP1845153A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-17 | Unilever N.V. | Detergent tablets |
US20200277554A1 (en) * | 2017-10-05 | 2020-09-03 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Structured unit dose cleansing product |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 DE DE102020216458.4A patent/DE102020216458A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-11-04 EP EP21206337.4A patent/EP4019619A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0164514A1 (en) | 1984-04-11 | 1985-12-18 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Use of lamellar crystalline sodium silicates in water-softening processes |
EP0178893A2 (en) | 1984-10-18 | 1986-04-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Solid detergent compositions |
SU1402608A1 (en) | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-15 | Проектно-Технологическое Бюро Всесоюзного Промышленного Объединения По Производству Товаров Бытовой Химии | Agent in pills for cleaning glass surface |
GB2200365A (en) | 1987-01-26 | 1988-08-03 | Goodjet Ltd | Detergent composition |
WO1991008171A1 (en) | 1989-12-02 | 1991-06-13 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the hydrothermal production of crystalline sodium disilicate |
DE4400024A1 (en) | 1994-01-03 | 1995-07-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Silicate builders and their use in detergents and cleaning agents as well as multi-component mixtures for use in this field |
DE10111780A1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-10-02 | Isaak Abramov | Effervescent tablet, useful for medical, cosmetic, cleaning or drink preparation purposes, comprises a cover layer provided on opposite sides with openings |
DE10126706A1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Manual dishwashing agent (e.g. tablets) combining high water-dissolution rate with predetermined surfactant content contains an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant as well as a disintegrating agent |
EP1845153A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-17 | Unilever N.V. | Detergent tablets |
US20200277554A1 (en) * | 2017-10-05 | 2020-09-03 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Structured unit dose cleansing product |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
VOIGT: "Lehrbuch der pharmazeutischen Technologie", 1987, pages: 182 - 184 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102020216458A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
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