EP4013569A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur schneidkantenpräparation - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur schneidkantenpräparationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4013569A1 EP4013569A1 EP20780555.7A EP20780555A EP4013569A1 EP 4013569 A1 EP4013569 A1 EP 4013569A1 EP 20780555 A EP20780555 A EP 20780555A EP 4013569 A1 EP4013569 A1 EP 4013569A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- grinding
- tool
- cutting tool
- grinding body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 364
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 305
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
- B24B3/021—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters of milling cutters with helical cutting edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/02—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements
- B24B19/04—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements for fluting drill shanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
- B24B29/005—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents using brushes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/18—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of taps or reamers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/24—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of drills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/24—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of drills
- B24B3/242—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of drills of step drills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
- B24D13/02—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
- B24D5/063—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with segments embedded in a matrix which is rubbed away during the grinding process
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for cutting edge preparation according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 16 and a machinable grinding body according to the preamble of claim 26.
- cutting edge preparation For various machining tasks, tools are required in metal-cutting production that achieve high manufacturing accuracy on the component and at the same time achieve long service lives in order to ensure economical and competitive product manufacture by the manufacturing company. In addition to good wear resistance of the tools, predictable wear behavior is required to ensure high process reliability.
- cutting edge preparation To improve the performance of cutting tools, especially in the field of hard metal tools, so-called cutting edge preparation has established itself as an important process step in the production chain. In this context, fine machining, in particular of the tool cutting edge, after the grinding process in order to produce the actual tool macro shape is referred to as cutting edge preparation. Due to the hard and brittle material behavior of hard metals, microscopic defects such as chipping along the cutting edge occur as a result of the grinding process.
- a blasting agent consisting of an abrasive medium and a carrier medium is accelerated onto the workpiece surface via a blasting nozzle with high kinetic energy.
- the abrasive medium is differentiated according to grain type, grain size and grain shape.
- the carrier medium is often a liquid or air.
- the most important process influences on the process are, in addition to the choice of blasting agent, the beam feed speed, the blasting pressure and the blasting angle.
- the process allows flexible guidance of the jet nozzle or the tool to be prepared, whereby the targeted processing of individual cutting areas che is possible. It is therefore particularly suitable for producing complex cutting edge shapes with generally smaller rounding sizes, whereby the targeted control of the material removal is very difficult.
- a characteristic dimple structure is formed on the free and rake surfaces that border the blasted cutting edge and come into contact with the abrasive jet, which usually leads to an optical matting of the surface.
- Brushing is also an established process in the industrial environment.
- the material is removed by moving a rotating brush mixed with an abrasive medium along the cutting edge of the tool.
- the method is suitable for the efficient generation of larger and asymmetrical fillets.
- Factors influencing the process on the process side are the cutting speed, the feed rate, the infeed, the angle of inclination of the cutting edge and the brushing duration.
- the influences on the tool side are the thread diameter, the grain size of the abrasive medium, the bristle type and the bristle density. Because of this large number of influencing factors, process control is complex and requires precise knowledge of the process and the interactions for precise implementation. In addition to process control, process reliability is negatively influenced by bristle wear.
- the creation of complex cutting edge shapes is also limited with smaller tool diameters.
- Drag grinding a variant of vibratory grinding, is also a widespread process in the industrial environment.
- the material is removed by passing the tools to be prepared through a loose and usually stationary abrasive medium.
- the tool movement is mostly rotary.
- the speed, the direction of rotation, the depth of immersion and the machining time as well as the selected abrasive medium are of particular importance for the machining result.
- Both smaller and larger roundings can be efficiently produced with the method.
- a significant improvement in the surface quality can be achieved.
- there are also some disadvantages due to its use By the immersion of the tool in the abrasive medium results in a very large contact surface between the medium and the tool. Material is removed in all of these contact areas so that targeted preparation of individual cutting areas is almost impossible.
- form factors and graded roundings can only be set with great difficulty, and the rotational movement, particularly in the case of shank tools in the area of larger diameters, leads to a great deal of material removal.
- Cutting edge preparation can still be implemented using a grinding process. It is common to create a single or double bevel along the cutting edge. In a more recent approach, the profile shape of the cutting edge is approximated to a rounding by creating more than two chamfers. The use of elastically bonded grinding wheels in tool preparation is also known. One area of application is the fine machining of flutes on cutting tools.
- a method for cutting edge preparation of cutting tools is known, in particular of drills or milling cutters, in particular of hard metal cutting tools, the cutting tool after the production of the desired cutting geometry initially on the necessary workpiece data according to the cutting geometry and / or cutting characteristics is set or aligned, set in a rotary movement and then in a flexible grinding wheel with a rubber-containing binder with silicon carbide, tungsten carbide or diamond components in a depth selected according to the cutting edge geometry and at a position selected for this purpose
- the circumference of the grinding wheel is introduced or drilled in while maintaining the rotational movement.
- a rotating tool is moved into a grinding wheel with a defined drilling path and angle of attack.
- this kinematics can only be implemented on a very limited number of machines and therefore cannot be regarded as a universal preparation process. Furthermore, this method cannot be used to set any cutting edge roundings that run over the tool diameter. In addition, because of the drilling in solid material, there is always a strong rounding of the cutting edge corner and the cross cutting edge, for example on the twist drill, and the grinding tool after the extensive insertion sentence has to be trained in a complicated manner. Another disadvantage of this method is that long cantilever tools cannot be prepared due to the lack of guidance. With this method, complex programming has to be carried out in order to know the position of the hole, the angle of incidence between the workpiece, here the ground cutting tool, and the tool, the grinding wheel to be cut. Furthermore, after complete, peripheral machining, the grinding wheel must be brought back to its original state by means of processes to be carried out externally. In addition, due to the grinding wheel assembly on a grinding mandrel, any required grinding wheel magazine spaces are occupied.
- Cutting edge preparation has been shown to be an effective means of increasing the performance and processing quality of cutting tools, but it usually requires additional machines and equipment. This results in high investment costs for this equipment on the one hand, and additional workpiece handling costs on the other, which in a high-wage country like Germany can make up a significant part of the costs for the preparation. From the aforementioned technological and economic aspects, there is a need to develop a further developed cutting edge preparation process, which is particularly suitable for use by small and medium-sized cutting tool manufacturers and in which in particular the requirements for low investment and operating costs, easy implementation and a short lead time for tool preparation.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive option for the targeted preparation of cutting edges on rotationally symmetrical cutting tools, in particular with clamping shank (shank tools) with regard to their microscopic shape, without additional investment costs for machines for the tool manufacturing company - len.
- the invention with regard to the device is based on a device for cutting edge preparation of cutting tools, in particular drills or milling cutters or similar tools, in particular hard metal cutting tools, the cutting tool cutting during a relative movement with a flexibly bonded abrasive body provided with abrasive particles interacts and the particles of the grinding wheel influence the edge geometry of the cutting tool.
- a generic device is further developed in accordance with the invention in that the dimensions of the grinding body are essentially adapted to the dimensions of the cutting tool to be prepared in each case and received in an exchangeable holder which is located in the area of a machining device, in particular a plant - tool grinding machine, arranged and held so that it can be machined by the cutting tool for cutting edge preparation.
- the dimensions of the grinding wheel are adapted to the dimensions, e.g. the circumferential dimensions of the cutting tool to be prepared, whereby on the one hand a substantial saving in material of the grinding wheel can be achieved and on the other hand the technological implementation of the cutting edge preparation can be specifically influenced and can be improved.
- the process of cutting edge preparation is made more economical.
- the otherwise necessary dressing of large grinding wheels between the respective processes for cutting edge preparation is no longer necessary.
- the dimensionally adapted grinding body is received in an associated exchangeable holder, which is arranged, for example, in the work space of a tool grinding machine and can be machined by the cutting tool for cutting edge preparation.
- the exchangeable holder enables the holder to be pre-equipped with new or different grinding tools, regardless of the actual processing, e.g. in the grinding machine. machine and thus significantly decouples the retooling of the grinding tools from the actual machining.
- the dimensionally adapted grinding body can be accommodated in a particularly space-saving manner and thus, for example, an upstream grinding process on the tool grinding machine, for example, in the work area of the grinding machine, and kept ready for performing the cutting edge preparation.
- the device for cutting edge preparation can also be used on any device, and in particular machining device, that enables a relative movement between the cutting tool and grinding body and on which cutting edge preparation can also be carried out.
- the designation of the processing device is to be considered general and not restrictive. If the use of the device on a tool grinding machine is mentioned here as an example, other machining devices or general devices are always also meant and included.
- the exchangeable holder is in the workspace of a tool grinding machine, preferably in a grinding wheel holder Tool grinding machine is kept usable.
- the installation space of the grinding wheel holder is a normally functionally unused area on the grinding wheel holder, which is usually arranged as an extension of the clamping cone or the like clamping holder in the area that is surrounded by the disk-shaped grinding wheel.
- This collar, onto which the grinding wheel is attached, is usually made of solid material and is otherwise unused. Therefore, it is precisely this space arranged centrally in the work space of the tool grinding machine that can now be used to form an installation space for the exchangeable holder with the grinding body, in which the grinding body is held in a machinable manner by the cutting tool for cutting edge preparation.
- the grinding body which is small in terms of volume and adapted to the dimensions of the cutting tool, no additional installation space is required for the cutting edge preparation and the cutting edge preparation can also be carried out in an area of the working space of the tool grinding machine that is easily accessible and none Requires changes to the kinematics for moving the grinding wheel or cutting tool.
- the grinding body which is small in terms of construction volume and adapted to the dimensions of the cutting tool, at a different point in the working space of the tool grinding machine.
- Such a position can be, for example, in the working area of a tool grinding machine, in particular in the area of the grinding spindle or in another position.
- a space-saving pallet system in which the previously described exchangeable mountings with the grinding bodies are kept in a magazine with the same or different diameters can also be considered as an embodiment.
- An interaction between the tool to be produced and the grinding body is thus possible for a large number of ground tools.
- the device which can be configured as a pallet, can be round, square or rectangular and, depending on the dimensions, accommodate a certain number of exchangeable holders with the grinding bodies. It is also conceivable to provide the exchangeable holder in movement devices such as on spindles of other processing devices, for example on the work spindle of a lathe or the like. It is also advantageous if the grinding body is essentially cylindrical.
- the cutting tools to be prepared usually also have at least fundamentally cylindrical dimensions
- a likewise cylindrical configuration of the grinding body can achieve extensive adaptation to the dimensions and shape of the cutting tools, whereby only in connection with the dimensional adjustment of the dimensions of the grinding body
- a substantial saving in abrasive material for the grinding body can be achieved.
- the cylindrical circumferential dimensions of the grinding body are essentially adapted to the circumferential dimensions of the cutting tool to be prepared, so that the grinding body can be successively and largely completely machined in the course of the usually several cutting edge preparations to be machined one after the other and thus also not unused The rest of the abrasive material must be disposed of.
- the grinding wheel can easily be exchanged for a new grinding wheel after it has been completely used.
- the times for machining a cutting tool are only insignificantly lengthened and the cutting edge preparation does not unnecessarily lengthen the time for producing the cutting tool through otherwise necessary conversions or the like.
- the grinding body is arranged in the exchangeable holder in an easily exchangeable manner, preferably pressed into the holder.
- the rotationally symmetrical grinding wheel can be produced with a very small allowance adapted to the diameter of the cutting tool to be prepared and pressed into the exchangeable holder.
- a connection between the grinding body and the exchangeable holder that is easy to produce and is sufficiently torsion-proof is produced in order to safely absorb the machining forces during the preparation of the cutting edges.
- the exchangeable holder can be designed to be plugged into a preferably central bore in the grinding wheel holder, preferably in the holder collar for the grinding wheel.
- This easily accessible and, as already shown, largely unused volume can be made available by a simple modification of a conventional grinding wheel holder on a machine-side clamping element for the grinding wheel on almost every tool grinding machine and does not or only change the working area of the tool grinding machine insignificant.
- a corresponding installation space can be provided on other processing machines for inserting the replaceable holder, for example in a spindle of a lathe or similar processing device.
- the exchangeable holder can have an external thread which can be screwed into the bore in the grinding wheel holder which is equipped with an internal thread. This allows the exchangeable holder to be installed and secured quickly and precisely in the hole in the grinding wheel holder.
- long cantilevered cutting tools with a large length / diameter ratio can be arranged in the area of the exchangeable holder for the grinding body, through which such long cantilever cutting tools, guided by the guide bush, can be prepared and can thus be processed more precisely and safely than without additional guidance.
- Such long cantilever cutting tools can be, for example, asymmetrical deep drilling tools, single-lip drills, twist drills or the like with a large length / diameter ratio, which otherwise easily evade during processing or, due to their length, tend to vibrate during cutting edge preparation.
- the guide bushing can be arranged relative to the exchangeable holder, preferably arranged as an extension of the exchangeable holder, so that the guide bushing guides and supports the long cantilever cutting tool in front of the machining area of the grinding wheel.
- electrical conductor tracks and / or sensor elements can be introduced into the exchangeable holder, which provide information about the progress of the cutting edge preparation. For example, the processing sequence during the cutting edge preparation can be monitored and possibly influenced by contactless sensors or the like.
- the sensor elements for the voltage supply are equipped with accumulators integrated in the exchangeable holder, which can be charged in the grinding wheel magazine or externally when not in use. This enables sufficient energy to be stored in the accumulators in the secondary times in which the exchangeable holder is not used in order to be able to carry out the above monitoring processes during cutting edge preparation when the respective exchangeable holder has been exchanged.
- the grinding body has abrasive particles, in particular made of silicon carbide, aluminum dioxide or diamond, and is successively completely machined by the cutting tools to be prepared.
- abrasive particles in particular made of silicon carbide, aluminum dioxide or diamond
- the machining behavior of the grinding body and thus also the achievable cutting edge preparation can be influenced within wide limits.
- the distribution of finer and / or coarser abrasive particles within the grinding wheel inhomogeneous, e.g. to produce different preparation behavior, e.g. in the core area and in the outer area of the grinding wheel and thus adapted to the respective geometry of the grinding wheel to be prepared in allow individual areas of the cutting tool.
- the grinding body has an axially extending perforation which is matched to the cutting tool diameter and within which the cutting tool is not influenced by the particles of the grinding body.
- the grinding body has sections with different degrees of hardness of the bond, in particular radial annular sections of different degrees of hardness.
- the binding of the abrasive particles of the grinding wheel has a direct effect on the machining behavior of the grinding wheel and thus on the local cutting edge preparation of the cutting tool.
- a further adaptation of the result of the cutting edge preparation to the requirements of the respective cutting tool can be achieved through different hardnesses or different ranges of hardness of the bond.
- the core of the grinding wheel can have a higher bond hardness than the outer area in order to achieve a uniform cutting edge rounding due to the elastic deformation of the rotationally symmetrical grinding wheel.
- the invention also relates to a method for cutting edge preparation of cutting tools, in particular drills or milling cutters or similar tools, in particular hard metal cutting tools, the cutting tool during a relative movement interacting with a flexibly bonded grinding body provided with abrasive particles and the particles of the grinding body influence the edge geometry of the cutting tool, according to which the grinding body is essentially adapted in terms of its dimensions to the dimensions of the cutting tool to be prepared and by an exchangeable, in the area of a processing device, in particular a tool grinding machine, e.g. in the work area of a tool grinding machine or Another machining device, arranged holder is received, in which the grinding body is successively completely machined by the cutting tools to be prepared.
- a processing device in particular a tool grinding machine, e.g. in the work area of a tool grinding machine or Another machining device, arranged holder is received, in which the grinding body is successively completely machined by the cutting tools to be prepared.
- the cutting edge preparation can be carried out in the same set-up immediately after the first production of the shape of the cutting tool or after regrinding the cutting tool on the same processing device, e.g. a tool grinding machine or other processing device.
- the same processing device e.g. a tool grinding machine or other processing device.
- this eliminates the need for additional devices for separate cutting edge preparation, and the cutting edge preparation can also be carried out directly in the same clamping and on the same tool grinding machine or processing device on which the basic shaping of the cutting tool is also carried out.
- the cutting edge preparation can also be carried out after regrinding of a cutting tool that has already been used, whereby the advantages of cutting edge preparation can also be used in such regrinded cutting tools.
- the relative movement between the grinding body and the cutting tool in particular by superimposing the directions of rotation and the rotational speeds, enables a broad adjustment of the cutting speeds when machining the grinding body.
- Many parameters of the cutting edge preparation are influenced by the cutting speed during the cutting edge preparation and can therefore be used specifically to control the results of the cutting edge preparation if there is a large variation in the cutting speed.
- the grinding body and / or the cutting tool carry out rotary movements during the machining of the grinding body.
- the grinding body can also rotate, possibly in opposite directions or at different rotation speeds. This enables targeted rounding and / or tilting of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, in particular by superimposing the rotational movement of the grinding body and / or cutting tool, or the production of asymmetrical cutting edge profiles and / or cutting edge profiles that vary over the tool diameter.
- only the cutting tool to be prepared executes the necessary translational and rotational movements during the cutting edge preparation.
- the abrasive body with sections with different degrees of hardness of the bond produces variable roundings over the cutting area of the cutting tools.
- the grinding body can be manufactured specifically and adapted to the cutting tool to be prepared with locally or section-wise varying degrees of hardness of the bond, which influences the local machining by the cutting tool and thus the local cutting edge preparation.
- the abrasive body can only use certain areas of a cutting tool, in particular, for example, the main cutting edges of a drilling tool, through an axially extending perforation which is matched to the cutting tool diameter and in which the cutting tool is not influenced by the particles of the grinding body.
- a cutting edge preparation and other areas, in particular the cross cutting edge of a drilling tool, are not rounded.
- the grinding body can also have external dimensions that are matched to the cutting tool diameter, by means of which only areas of the cutting edges of the cutting tool are subjected to cutting edge preparation in a targeted manner.
- the cutting tool with main and secondary cutting edges in particular milling tools, reaming tools and / or stepped boring tools, for cutting edge preparation with its main and secondary cutting edges machine successively assigned grinding bodies of different properties.
- the main cutting edges of a reamer can be prepared with a differently shaped or dimensioned grinding body than the secondary cutting edges in order to be able to achieve the optimum preparation result for the main or secondary cutting edges.
- the invention further relates to a grinding body for performing the method according to claim 16, in which the cylindrical circumferential dimensions of the grinding body are essentially adapted to the circumferential dimensions of the cutting tool to be prepared.
- FIG. 2 - a device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 with an additional guide bushing before the cutting edge preparation of a long, protruding single-lip drill,
- FIG. 5 shows a pallet-like magazine on a device according to the invention with places for receiving a number of exchangeable holders and grinding bodies arranged therein.
- FIG. 1 the basic structure and function of a device 1 according to the invention can be seen in a basic representation, arranged by way of example in the grinding wheel holder 3 of a grinding wheel 14 before the cutting edge preparation of a cutting tool 5, here in the form of a drill.
- the device 1 is arranged on a commercially available tool holder, here designed as a cone holder 10 of a grinding wheel 14, as is customary for commercially available tool grinding machines.
- the specific design of the mounting of the device 1 on the grinding machine side is of secondary importance. borrowed and can include all types of mechanical interfaces to the tool grinding machine. Such arrangements can also be formed on other processing devices such as drilling machines, lathes or similar devices.
- the configuration on the tool grinding machine shown in the figures is only to be seen as an example and can be configured in many different ways.
- a receiving collar 3 for receiving the grinding wheel 14 is arranged on the cone holder 10 in the working space of the tool grinding machine, onto which the grinding wheel 14 is attached with its perforation and secured with the help of a thread 8 by a union nut 9 in a conventional manner.
- This receiving collar 3 is usually formed from a solid material and has no other task apart from supporting the grinding wheel 14.
- a central longitudinal bore 11 is made as a blind bore in the receiving collar 3 from the work area of the tool grinding machine, into which a sleeve-like and easily exchangeable holder 4 for a grinding body 2 can be inserted.
- the device 1 does not hinder the normal mode of operation of the tool grinding machine and nevertheless provides the receptacle for a grinding body 2, which can be used for cutting edge preparation of a cutting tool 5.
- the exchangeable holder 4 has an outer diameter such that it can be inserted into the longitudinal bore 11 of the receiving collar 3 largely without play.
- the exchangeable holder 4 can be fixed in the longitudinal bore 11 by an end-side thread 6 on the outer surface of the exchangeable holder 4, which thread can be screwed into a corresponding mating thread on the longitudinal bore 11. It would also be conceivable to fix the exchangeable holder 4 by pressing it in or some other form-fitting or force-fitting manner in the longitudinal bore 11, if on the one hand a non-rotatable Placement with easy interchangeability of the interchangeable bracket 4 is guaranteed.
- the abrasive body 2 consists of a flexibly bound abrasive particle matrix, for example rubber-bound abrasive particles made of hard materials.
- the grinding body 2 is matched to the circumferential dimensions of the cutting tool 5, here the outer diameter of the drill, and has a slightly larger outer diameter than the outer diameter of the cutting tool 5, so that the cutting edges of the cutting tool 5 in the cutting edge preparation only come into contact with the grinding wheel and not with the replaceable holder 4.
- the cutting tool 5 in the form of the drill e.g. after the basic grinding of the tool shape by means of the grinding wheel 14, is positioned in front of the device 1 in the longitudinal bore 11 of the receiving collar 3 so that the axis of the cutting Tool 5 and the longitudinal bore 11 and thus the exchangeable holder 4 are aligned with one another.
- the cutting tool 5 is then fed in the feed direction onto the grinding body 2 until the cutting edges of the cutting tool 5 interact as intended with the cutting edge of the cutting tool 5 and are machined and prepared in the process.
- the grinding body 2 is machined at least to a certain extent and is thus shorter in the longitudinal direction.
- the cutting tool 5 is moved back out of the exchangeable holder 4 counter to the feed direction 24 and can be completely removed.
- the process can then be repeated with the next cutting tool 5, whereby the grinding body 2 is successively more and more machined and when it is reached a consumption limit must be replaced.
- the entire exchangeable holder 4 with the rest of the grinding body 2 is removed from the longitudinal bore 11 and exchanged for an exchangeable holder 4 that has been pre-equipped with a fresh grinding body 2.
- the quick interchangeability of the interchangeable holder 4 with the grinding body 2 means that work can continue immediately.
- Other exchangeable mountings 4 of the same type can, for example, be stored in other grinding wheel holders as a depot in order to use them with the same preparation. As a result, the replacement of the grinding body 2 can be delayed until the order is completed or the wear limits of the grinding slide 14 are reached.
- FIG. 2 shows a modified device 1 according to FIG. 1, which has been modified for the preparation of the cutting edge of a long cantilever cutting tool 13, here, for example, a single-lip drill. Since such long cantilever cutting tools 13 push themselves away to the side and begin to vibrate during grinding and also during cutting edge preparation, the cutting tool 13 is guided and supported here by a guide bushing 12 arranged on the front of the exchangeable holder 4, so that the negative Effects of the long overhang do not come into play in this way or at all.
- a guide bushing 12 arranged on the front of the exchangeable holder 4, so that the negative Effects of the long overhang do not come into play in this way or at all.
- FIGS. 3a to 3c show views and sections through differently constructed grinding bodies 2 of the device 1 according to the invention according to FIG. 1, which represent exemplary possible modifications of the grinding body 2.
- FIG. 3 a a grinding body 2 that is homogeneously formed over the entire machining area of the grinding body 2 can be seen, as is also shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3b shows a grinding body 2 with a central perforation 15, which can be used as a cutting tool 5, for example, for preparing the cutting edge of a drill.
- the drill In the area of the perforation 15, the drill then does not interact with the grinding body 2, since there is no abrasive material there.
- the cutting tool 5, which is designed as a drill is not influenced in the area of the sensitive cross-cutting edge and retains the effect of the previous grinding with the Grinding wheel 14 existing shape. Only in the area of the main cutting edges are the main cutting edges prepared due to the sleeve-like shape of the grinding body 2.
- FIGS. 4a to 4d sectional detailed views of the exchangeable holder 4 and grinding bodies 21, 22 arranged therein for the preparation of cutting edges of various cutting tools 18, 19 and 20 are shown. All tools 18, 19 and 20 have in common that they have different main cutting edges to be prepared and secondary cutting edges which cannot be prepared easily or not at all in a single pass.
- the reamer 18 in FIG. 4a can be prepared with the partial area 22 of the grinding tool 2 on the main cutting edges and at the same time with the partial area 21 of the grinding tool 2 on the secondary cutting edges.
- FIG. 4c The preparation of the cutting edge of a step drill 19 can be seen in FIG. 4c, the two steps of which are prepared at the same time on two, for example, differently bound partial areas 21 and 22 of the grinding body 2.
- FIG. 4d shows a cutting edge preparation of a milling cutter 20 only on the secondary cutting edges which interact with a partial area 21 of the grinding body 2.
- FIG. 5 shows a conceivable embodiment of a pallet-like magazine 25 on a device 1 according to the invention with receptacles 26 for receiving a number of exchangeable holders 4 and grinding bodies 2 arranged therein.
- the exchangeable holders 4 with the grinding bodies 2 can be in such a pallet-like manner Magazine 25 are kept in the same or different diameters.
- the device, designed here as a pallet-like magazine 25 can be round, square or rectangular and, depending on the dimensions, provide a certain number of receptacles 26 for exchangeable holders 4 with the grinding tools 2.
- the basic idea of the method according to the invention is the use of a flexibly bonded grinding body 2 made of abrasive particles, which is installed here, for example, in a specially developed grinding wheel holder 3.
- material is removed from the cutting edge of the cutting tool 5, which can be used for targeted preparation.
- This process is carried out, for example, on a conventional tool grinding machine and can therefore be integrated at the end of the process chain for tool manufacture or tool regrinding without any further handling effort.
- the material removal required for preparation is produced by the relative movement between grinding wheel 2 and cutting tool 5.
- the cylindrical grinding wheel 2 is clamped in place in the grinding wheel holder 3, while the necessary translational and rotary movements are performed by the cutting tool 5 to be prepared.
- the machining of the grinding body 2 results in material being removed from the cutting edge of the cutting tool 5, as a result of which it is rounded.
- the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the tool production (grinding of the macro shape) and the defined generation of the microscopic cutting edge shape can be carried out, for example, on the same tool grinding machine or processing device.
- fresh abrasive medium is constantly used, so that the preparation conditions are constant over the duration of the process.
- the tool influencing is limited to the areas of the cutting tool 5 that come into contact with the grinding body 2, which is an advantage over other preparation methods, such as drag grinding or blasting.
- the preparation costs per tool are low, since the grinding bodies 2 can be exchanged quickly and easily.
- the cutting edge rounding of long cantilever cutting tools 13 with a high length-to-diameter ratio requires special handling and complex process management according to the current state of the art if a suitable cutting edge preparation is created should.
- the device according to the invention offers the potential that such long cantilever cutting tools 13 can also be prepared on the tool grinding machine or processing device in the shortest possible time thanks to the simple kinematics, processing in one clamping and within existing production processes.
- conventional rotationally symmetrical cutting tools can also be prepared by means of this method by slightly changing the grinding bodies 2.
- the method according to the invention can also be used to prepare cutting tools 5 that have been reground and are thus already coated with a hard material layer on certain functional surfaces. According to the current state of knowledge, this is not specifically possible using currently available methods, as a result of which the performance of reground cutting tools 5 is usually significantly lower than that of new cutting tools 5.
- the decisive factor for the implementation of the device 1 according to the invention is the inclusion of the exchangeable holder 4 in the grinding wheel holder 3, for example.
- the grinding wheel holders 3 usually used on tool grinding machines have corresponding interfaces to the tool grinding machine spindles ) or other, mostly standardized interface, designed to enable high flexibility and accuracy when changing grinding wheels.
- the core of the mandrel 3 previously had no function.
- connection which can be screwed or joined in some other way, also allows other functional elements to be implemented which are not useful for the purpose of cutting edge preparation.
- Corresponding mounts can also be provided on other machining devices, for example on turning machines, drills or other special or universally applicable equipment.
- the grinding bodies 2 specially developed for the application of cutting edge preparation have an elastic bond of the abrasive particles with a degree of hardness to be determined for the respective application.
- the rotationally symmetrical grinding bodies 2 are adapted to the diameter of the cutting tool 5 to be prepared, produced with very little allowance and pressed into the exchangeable holding element 4. A rounding of the exposed cutting edges of the cutting tools 5 can thus be avoided or significantly minimized in comparison with existing methods.
- grinding bodies 2 can also be produced which have different degrees of hardness and are accordingly adapted to the application and the diameter to be processed. Particular mention should be made of the possibilities that with cutting tools 5 it may be necessary for the core 16 of the grinding wheel 2 to have a higher hardness than the outer area 17 in order to achieve a uniform cutting edge rounding due to the elastic deformation of the rotationally symmetrical grinding wheel 2 .
- the process kinematics result in possibilities, for example by superimposing the directions and speeds of rotation, regardless of the performance of the workpiece and tool spindles, of covering a wide range of parameters with regard to the cutting speeds when machining the grinding wheel 2.
- influences on the tilting of the cutting edge, the form factor K can be enabled and set.
- this method offers the possibility of transferring to many Further variants of cutting tools 5.
- by superimposing the axes of the grinding wheel holder 3, different kinematics can be developed and implemented, which comes close to milling and thus also enables different milling tools 5 to be prepared specifically on the face and / or peripheral cutting edges.
- the device 1 can also be expanded by using measuring technology or sensors.
- electrical conductor tracks and sensors into the exchangeable holder 4, electronic monitoring electronics equipped with accumulators could even be implemented and charged using a suitable charging technology when not in use in the grinding wheel magazine or externally.
- the acquisition costs are only insignificantly higher compared to conventional grinding wheel holders 3.
- the complete processing on the tool grinding machine results in times when the machine cannot be used for its primary purpose, but these are marginal due to the very short process times of ⁇ 5 s per preparation.
- a tool change can be avoided if the grinding wheel packs are skillfully put together on the grinding mandrel or by equipping each grinding wheel holder 3 with the device 1 according to the invention, which increases overall productivity and significantly reduces manufacturing costs.
- the adaptation of the grinding body 2 to the diameter of the cutting tools 5 and the previously defined maximum oversize of the grinding body 2 to be machined guarantee an almost irrelevant influence on the cutting edges and the Secondary cutting edges of the cutting tools 5.
- the peripheral surfaces of the cutting tool 5 are not influenced in any way due to the defined length of the rotationally symmetrical grinding body 2 inside the exchangeable holder 4
- a number of cutting tools 5 depending on the diameter and target rounding are processed with the aid of the presented concept until the grinding body 2 to be machined is completely used up.
- the free kinematics due to the assembly in the grinding wheel holder 3 also offers the potential to implement different process kinematics on the tool grinding machine, similar to milling. This results in options for preparing the main and secondary cutting edges of the cutting tools 5 with different cutting edge fillets and form factors.
- the guide of the cutting tool 13 is to be dimensioned in such a way that the grinding body 2 coincides with the workpiece axis and the elastic deflection of the cutting tool 13 is compensated.
- the complexity of the preparation results from the demands on the cutting edge.
- a significantly smaller rounding of the inner cutting edge can also be achieved.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019005692.2A DE102019005692A1 (de) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Schneidkantenpräparation |
DE202019004112.5U DE202019004112U1 (de) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-10-07 | Schneidkantenpräparation |
PCT/DE2020/000184 WO2021027986A1 (de) | 2019-08-14 | 2020-08-10 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur schneidkantenpräparation |
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EP4013569A1 true EP4013569A1 (de) | 2022-06-22 |
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EP20780555.7A Pending EP4013569A1 (de) | 2019-08-14 | 2020-08-10 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur schneidkantenpräparation |
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US (1) | US20220305605A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4013569A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2022544391A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2020327530A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102019005692A1 (de) |
IL (1) | IL290565A (de) |
MX (1) | MX2022001750A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021027986A1 (de) |
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CN111660212A (zh) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-15 | 江苏超峰工具有限公司 | 一种热压烧结磨轮及其工艺 |
CN115464194A (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-13 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种钛合金叶片铣削用不对称减振锥形球头铣刀 |
DE102022131390A1 (de) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-29 | GDS Präzisionszerspanungs GmbH | Zubehörvorrichtung für eine Werkzeugaufnahme |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1717554A (en) * | 1926-01-21 | 1929-06-18 | Dixie E Tiller | Plug-polishing device |
US4441238A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1984-04-10 | Allied Tube & Conduit Corporation | Continuous production of polished and buffed tubing |
US7753760B2 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2010-07-13 | Kennametal Inc. | Apparatus and method for polishing drill bits |
DE102011054276B4 (de) * | 2011-10-07 | 2015-12-03 | Stefan Rothenaicher | Verfahren zur Schneidkantenpräparation von Schneidwerkzeugen und Schleifscheibe hierfür |
DE102016101525B4 (de) * | 2016-01-28 | 2019-08-22 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer Werkzeugkante eines Zerspanwerkzeugs und Bürstschleifmaschine |
-
2019
- 2019-08-14 DE DE102019005692.2A patent/DE102019005692A1/de active Pending
- 2019-10-07 DE DE202019004112.5U patent/DE202019004112U1/de active Active
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2020
- 2020-08-10 MX MX2022001750A patent/MX2022001750A/es unknown
- 2020-08-10 EP EP20780555.7A patent/EP4013569A1/de active Pending
- 2020-08-10 JP JP2022508904A patent/JP2022544391A/ja active Pending
- 2020-08-10 US US17/635,307 patent/US20220305605A1/en active Pending
- 2020-08-10 WO PCT/DE2020/000184 patent/WO2021027986A1/de active Application Filing
- 2020-08-10 AU AU2020327530A patent/AU2020327530A1/en active Pending
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2022
- 2022-02-13 IL IL290565A patent/IL290565A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE202019004112U1 (de) | 2019-10-15 |
IL290565A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
MX2022001750A (es) | 2022-06-02 |
DE102019005692A1 (de) | 2021-02-18 |
AU2020327530A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
US20220305605A1 (en) | 2022-09-29 |
WO2021027986A1 (de) | 2021-02-18 |
JP2022544391A (ja) | 2022-10-18 |
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