EP4010644A1 - Refrigeration device and facility - Google Patents

Refrigeration device and facility

Info

Publication number
EP4010644A1
EP4010644A1 EP20742182.7A EP20742182A EP4010644A1 EP 4010644 A1 EP4010644 A1 EP 4010644A1 EP 20742182 A EP20742182 A EP 20742182A EP 4010644 A1 EP4010644 A1 EP 4010644A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
cooling
working fluid
frame
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20742182.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fabien Durand
Guillaume DELAUTRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP4010644A1 publication Critical patent/EP4010644A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
    • F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
    • F25B11/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders centrifugal type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
    • F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0258—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines vertical layout of the equipments within in the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0259—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0261—Details of cold box insulation, housing and internal structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F25B2400/054—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the suction tube of the compressor and another part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/072—Intercoolers therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refrigeration device and installation.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device for refrigeration at low temperature, that is to say at a temperature between minus 100 degrees centigrade and minus 273 degrees centigrade, the device being arranged in a frame and comprising a working circuit forming a loop and containing a working fluid, the working circuit forming a cycle comprising in series: a mechanism for compressing the working fluid, a mechanism for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism for expanding the working fluid and a mechanism for heating of the working fluid, the device comprising a refrigeration heat exchanger intended to extract heat from at least one member by heat exchange with the working fluid circulating in the working circuit, the cooling and reheating mechanisms of the working fluid comprising a common heat exchanger in which the working fluid flows countercurrently in two portions of distinct transit of the working circuit depending on whether it is cooled or heated, the compression mechanism comprising at least two compressors and at least one compressor drive motor, the working fluid expansion mechanism comprising at least one rotary turbine, the device comprising at least one drive motor comprising a drive shaft, one end of
  • the invention relates in particular to cryogenic refrigerators and / or liquefiers, for example of the “Turbo Brayton” cycle type or “Turbo Brayton coolers” in which a working gas, also called cycle gas (helium, nitrogen, hydrogen or other pure gas or mixture), undergoes a thermodynamic cycle producing cold which can be transferred to an organ or a gas to be cooled.
  • a working gas also called cycle gas (helium, nitrogen, hydrogen or other pure gas or mixture)
  • cycle gas helium, nitrogen, hydrogen or other pure gas or mixture
  • These devices are used in a wide variety of applications and in particular for cooling natural gas from a reservoir (for example in boats).
  • the liquefied natural gas is for example sub-cooled to prevent its vaporization or the gaseous part is cooled with a view to its reliquefaction.
  • a natural gas stream can be circulated through a heat exchanger cooled by the refrigerator / liquefier cycle gas.
  • These devices can include several heat exchangers interposed at the outlet of the compression stages. These devices are integrated into a frame or frame of which the volume is limited. The integration of these various exchangers and the associated piping are thus made difficult. Cooling the working gas can in some cases be problematic.
  • an aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
  • the device according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the drive shaft of said drive motor is oriented in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction, the turbine and the compressor being arranged relatively longitudinally so that the turbine is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively cold end of the common heat exchanger when the device is in operation and the compressor is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively hot end of the common heat exchanger when the device is in operation.
  • connection of the common heat exchanger to the fixed point of the frame is located at a longitudinal position of the heat exchanger located between its relatively hot and cold ends when the device is in operation, and in particular at the portion of the heat exchanger separating the cold end of the heat exchanger liable to contract and the hot end of the exchanger of heat liable to expand, when the device is in operation, the temperature of the common heat exchanger varies longitudinally between a cold end and a hot end, the cold end, in particular at a temperature of the order of 100K, receiving the relatively cold working fluid coming into the expansion mechanism for reheating and discharging the cooled working fluid before it enters the m expansion mechanism, the hot end, in particular at a temperature of the order of 300K, receiving the hot working fluid from of the compression mechanism and discharging the heated working fluid before entering the compression mechanism, the connection of the common heat exchanger to the fixed point of the frame being located at an intermediate longitudinal position of the heat exchanger between its ends cold and hot,
  • the respective longitudinal directions of the two cooling heat exchangers are parallel or substantially parallel and the directions of circulation of the working fluid in said cooling heat exchanger are opposite
  • the cooling fluid outlet of one of the two cooling heat exchangers is connected to the cooling fluid inlet of the other cooling heat exchanger so that of the coolant flow passing through one of the cooling heat exchangers has already circulated through the other cooling heat exchanger
  • the two cooling heat exchangers are located adjacent, that is to say spaced at a distance between 50 and 500mm in particular between 10 and 300mm.
  • the invention also relates to an installation for refrigeration and / or liquefaction of a flow of user fluid, in particular natural gas, comprising a refrigeration device according to any one of the characteristics above or below, the installation comprising at least one user fluid reservoir, a conduit for circulating said flow of user fluid in the cooling exchanger.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial top view illustrating the structure and operation of an example of device and installation capable of implementing the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic and partial side view along arrow V of Figure 1 illustrating details of the structure and operation of the device and 1'installation
  • FIG. 3 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a detail of the structure and operation of the device and of the installation according to a possible variant embodiment of the agency of two cooling heat exchangers.
  • the cooling and / or liquefaction installation of [Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2] comprises a refrigeration device 1 providing cold (cooling power) at the level of a refrigeration heat exchanger 8.
  • the installation comprises a pipe 125 for circulating a flow of fluid to be cooled placed in heat exchange with this cooling exchanger 8.
  • the fluid is liquid natural gas pumped into a tank 16 (for example via a pump), then is cooled (preferably outside the tank 16) and then returned to the tank 16 (for example in rain in the gas phase of the tank. tank 16).
  • This makes it possible to cool or sub-cool the contents of the reservoir 16 and to limit the phenomena of vaporization.
  • the liquid in the tank 16 is sub-cooled below its saturation temperature (drop in its temperature by several degrees K, in particular 5 to 20K and in particular 14K) before being reinjected into the tank 16.
  • this refrigeration can be supplied to the vaporization gas of the reservoir with a view in particular to its reliquefaction. That is to say, the refrigeration device 1 produces cold power at the level of the refrigeration heat exchanger 8.
  • the refrigeration device 1 comprises a working circuit 10 (preferably closed) forming a circulation loop.
  • This working circuit 10 contains a working fluid (helium, nitrogen, neon, hydrogen or other gas or suitable mixture for example helium and argon or helium and nitrogen or helium and neon or helium and argon and nitrogen or helium and nitrogen and argon or helium and neon and argon or helium and nitrogen and argon and neon .).
  • the working circuit 10 forms a cycle comprising: a mechanism 2, 3 for compressing the working fluid, a mechanism 4, 5, 6 for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism 7 for expanding the working fluid and a mechanism 6 for heating of the working fluid.
  • the device 1 comprises a refrigeration heat exchanger 8 located downstream of the expansion mechanism 7 and intended to extract heat from at least one member 25 by heat exchange with the cold working fluid circulating in the working circuit 10.
  • the mechanisms for cooling and reheating the working fluid conventionally comprise a common heat exchanger 6 in which the working fluid passes countercurrently in two separate transit portions of the working circuit 10 depending on whether it is cooled or heated in the cycle.
  • the cooling heat exchanger 8 is located for example between the expansion mechanism 7 and the common heat exchanger 6. As illustrated, this refrigeration heat heat exchanger 8 can be integrated with the common heat exchanger 6 (that is to say that the two exchangers 6, 8 can be one-piece, that is to say can have separate fluid circuits that share the same exchange structure). Of course, as a variant, the cooling heat exchanger 8 may be a separate heat exchanger from the common heat exchanger 6.
  • the working fluid which exits relatively hot from the compression mechanism 2, 3 is cooled in the common heat exchanger 6 before entering the expansion mechanism 7.
  • the working fluid which exits relatively cold from the mechanism 7 of expansion and the cooling heat exchanger 8 is in turn heated in the common heat exchanger 6 before returning to the compression mechanism 2 3 in order to start a new cycle.
  • the compression mechanism 2, 3 can comprise at least two compressors and at least one motor 14, 15 for driving the compressors 2, 3.
  • the refrigeration power of the device is variable and can be controlled by regulating the temperature. speed of rotation of the drive motor or motors 14, 15 (cycle speed).
  • the cold power produced by the device 1 can be adapted from 0 to 100% of a nominal or maximum power by changing the speed of rotation of the motor or motors 14, 15 between a zero speed of rotation and a maximum or nominal speed. .
  • Such an architecture makes it possible to maintain high efficiency over a wide operating range (for example 97% of nominal efficiency at 50% of nominal cold power).
  • the refrigeration device 1 comprises two compressors 2, 3 in series. These two compressors 2, 3 can be driven respectively by two separate motors 14, 15.
  • a turbine 7 is coupled to the drive shaft of one 14 of the two motors.
  • a first motor 14 drives a compressor 2 and is coupled to a turbine 7 (motor-turbocharger) while the other engine 15 drives only a compressor 3 (motor-compressor).
  • the order of these two motor-turbochargers and motor-compressors can be reversed in the working circuit 10 (i.e. the first compressor in series can be driven by an engine whose shaft is not coupled to a turbine while second series compressor is driven by a motor whose shaft is also coupled to a turbine).
  • the device 1 comprises two motors 14, 15 at high speed (for example 10,000 revolutions per minute or several tens of thousands of revolutions per minute) for respective driving of the compression stages 2, 3.
  • the turbine 7 can be coupled. to the motor 15 of one of the compression stages 2, 3, that is to say that the device may have a turbine 7 constituting the expansion mechanism which is coupled to the motor 15 for driving a compression stage (the first or the second).
  • the power of the turbine or turbines 7 can be advantageously recovered and used to reduce the consumption of the engine or engines.
  • the refrigeration power produced and therefore the electrical consumption of the liquefier (and vice versa) is increased.
  • the compressors 2, 3 and turbine (s) 7 are preferably coupled directly to an output shaft of the motor concerned (without a geared movement transmission mechanism).
  • the output shafts of the motors are preferably mounted on bearings of the magnetic type or of the dynamic gas type.
  • the bearings are used to support compressors and turbines.
  • the refrigeration device 1 comprises two compressors 2, 3 forming two compression stages and an expansion turbine 7. That is to say that the compression mechanism comprises two compressors 2, 3 in series, preferably of the centrifugal type, and the expansion mechanism comprises a single turbine 7, preferably centripetal.
  • the compression mechanism comprises two compressors 2, 3 in series, preferably of the centrifugal type
  • the expansion mechanism comprises a single turbine 7, preferably centripetal.
  • any other number and arrangement of compressor (s), turbine (s) and motor (s) can be considered, for example: three compressors driven respectively by three separate engines, the turbine being for example coupled to one end of the drive shaft of one of these engines or three compressors and two turbines, etc.
  • Other architectures can be envisaged, in particular three compressors and one turbine or three compressors or two or three turbines or two compressors set two turbines ...
  • Each engine can include a rotary drive shaft, one end of which drives a compressor and possibly another wheel) and the other end of which is free (no wheel mounted on the end) or
  • a cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 can be provided at the outlet of each of the two compressors 2, 3 (for example cooling by heat exchange with water at ambient temperature or any other fluid or cooling agent. cooling of a refrigerant circuit 26). See [Fig. 2].
  • a reheating exchanger may or may not be provided at the outlet of all or part of the expansion turbines 7 in order to achieve isentropic or isothermal expansion.
  • the heating and cooling of the working fluid are preferably isobaric without this being limiting.
  • the device is housed in a frame 100, for example parallelepiped.
  • the frame 100 includes a lower base 101.
  • the upper end of the frame does not necessarily have a structure above the device but could only include peripheral uprights which are located vertically above the base 101 at or below the highest point of the device. That is to say that the frames can form a lateral protection all around the device but leaving the upper part uncovered.
  • the engine 14 provided with a compressor 2 and a turbine is fixed to the frame 100 at a fixed point 104.
  • the frame 100 comprises a frame or parallelepipedic structure formed of rigid beams or uprights.
  • this motor 14 is fixed to a peripheral longitudinal upright, for example by screwing and / or riveting and / or welding.
  • the common heat exchanger 6 is fixed to the frame 100 at a fixed point 106.
  • this heat exchanger 6 is fixed to a central longitudinal upright, for example by screwing and / or riveting and / or welding
  • the two countercurrent transit portions of the common heat exchanger 6 are oriented in a longitudinal direction A of the frame 100. That is to say, the common heat exchanger 6 is oriented in a longitudinal direction A and the working gas flows within it progressing essentially in parallel in this direction.
  • the drive shaft of the motor 14, 15 provided with a compressor 2 and a turbine 7 is also oriented in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to this longitudinal direction A.
  • the turbine 7 and the compressor 2 are arranged relatively longitudinally so that the turbine 7 is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively cold end of the common heat exchanger 6 when the device is in operation (to the right on [Fig. 1]) and the compressor (2) is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively hot end of the common heat exchanger 6 when the device is in operation (on the left in [Fig. 1]).
  • the “cold” elements (turbine 7, cold end of the exchanger and associated pipes) are free to contract in the same direction while (to the left on [Fig. 1]).
  • the “hot” elements (compressor 2, hot end of heat exchanger 6 and associated piping) are free to expand in the same direction (also to the left in [Fig. 1]). This makes it possible to avoid or limit parasitic forces on the device, which better absorbs the dimensional variations due to temperature changes within it.
  • the temperature of the heat exchanger 6 is balanced according to a longitudinal gradient between a cold end and a hot end.
  • the cold end for example at a temperature of the order of 100K, is the end of the heat exchanger 6 receiving the relatively cold working fluid coming from the expansion mechanism 7 with a view to its reheating and discharging into the other direction the working fluid cooled before entering the mechanism 7 of expansion.
  • the hot end for example at a temperature of the order of 300K, is the end of the common heat exchanger 6 which receives the hot working fluid from the control mechanism. compression and which discharges the heated working fluid in the other direction before it enters the compression mechanism.
  • connection of the heat exchanger 6 common to the fixed point 106 of the frame 100 is located at an intermediate longitudinal position of the heat exchanger 6 between its cold and hot ends, in particular at the level of a zone at an operating temperature between 200 and 270K, in particular 250K.
  • connection of the common heat exchanger 6 to the fixed point of the frame 100 is located at a longitudinal position of the heat exchanger 6 located between its relatively hot and cold ends when the device is in operation, and in particular at level of the portion of the heat exchanger 6 separating the cold end of the heat exchanger 6 liable to contract (differential contraction due to cooling to low temperatures) and the hot end of the heat exchanger 6 susceptible to expansion (differential expansion due to relative heating at higher temperatures).
  • the fixed points 104, 106 respectively for fixing the motor 14 and the common heat exchanger 6 on the frame 100 are located at the same longitudinal level on the frame or spaced along this longitudinal direction A by a distance less than 100cm, especially less than 50cm.
  • the cold elements liable to contract are relatively positioned on the one hand and the relatively hot elements liable to expand on the other hand so as to allow movements of the same nature without inducing or limiting forces. contradictory antagonistic opposites.
  • the frame 100 comprises a lower base 101 intended to be fixed on a support (for example the ground or a boat floor or the top of a tank 16 of liquid to be cooled, for example).
  • This base can be formed of rigid uprights defining a rectangle provided with longitudinal or transverse uprights.
  • At least part of the elements of the device can be fixed on this base 101, in particular a box housing the common heat exchanger 6 and the refrigeration exchanger 8.
  • the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be arranged in the frame 100 next to the common heat exchanger 6 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis A. That is to say that the cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 are not located between the common heat exchanger 6 and the lower base 101 of the frame 100.
  • the inventors have found that this arrangement ensures a distribution of the masses. improving the resistance of the device to forces, in particular when the device is mounted on a boat.
  • the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can each have an oblong shape extending in respective longitudinal directions which are parallel to the longitudinal axis A.
  • the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be arranged. one above the other in a perpendicular direction.
  • Each cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 comprises an inlet 24, 25 for cooling fluid and an outlet 34, 35 for cooling fluid.
  • the cooling fluid outlet 34 of one of the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be connected to the cooling fluid inlet 25 of the other cooling heat exchanger 5 so that the flow of cooling fluid passing through one 5 of the cooling heat exchangers has already circulated in the other cooling heat exchanger 4 (cf. [Fig. 3]).
  • this arrangement also makes it possible to simplify the network of coolant and working gas pipes intended for the heat exchangers 4, 5 or originating from the heat exchangers 4, 5.
  • this arrangement makes it easier to arrange the fluid circulation circuits (cooling and working) in a reduced space by allowing counter-current circulation between the working fluid and the cooling fluid, this by reducing the number and / or length of pipes transporting these fluids.
  • the refrigerant circuit 26 supplies cooling fluid firstly to the second cooling heat exchanger 5 and then to the first cooling heat exchanger 5 (the qualifiers "first" and “second” referring to the first and second compression stage in the direction of circulation of the working fluid).
  • the directions of circulation of the two fluids preferably transit against the current or in opposite directions in each exchanger.
  • the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can in particular be disposed adjacent, in particular side by side. This optimizes the size of the device.
  • the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 could even be integrated in the same casing or housing comprising two separate passages of circulation of the working fluid, said two passages being in heat exchange respectively with two portions in series of the same circulation channel of the cooling fluid circuit.
  • the cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can each have an oblong shape extending in a respective longitudinal direction.
  • Each cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 comprises an inlet for working gas to be cooled and an outlet for cooled working gas arranged respectively at two longitudinal ends.
  • the cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be tube, tube and shell, plate type exchangers or any other suitable technology.
  • the exchangers 4, 5 can be made of aluminum and / or stainless steel.
  • the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 are arranged within the device preferably inverted, that is to say that the respective longitudinal directions of the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 are parallel or substantially parallel and the directions of circulation of the working fluid in said cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 are opposed.
  • This arrangement combined with the arrangement of the circulation of the cooling fluid, makes it possible to minimize the complexity of the fluid circuits while giving very good performance to the device.
  • All or part of the device, in particular its cold members, can be housed in a sealed thermally insulated casing 11 (in particular a vacuum chamber containing the common counter-current heat exchanger and the refrigeration exchanger 8).
  • the invention can be applied to a process for cooling and / or liquefying another fluid or mixture, in particular hydrogen.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Low-temperature refrigeration device arranged in a frame (100) and comprising a working circuit (10) forming a loop and containing a working fluid, the working circuit (10) forming a cycle comprising in series: a compression mechanism (2, 3), a cooling mechanism (4, 5, 6), an expansion mechanism (7) and a heating mechanism (6, 8), the device (1) comprising a refrigeration heat exchanger (8) intended to extract heat from at least one member (125) by exchanging heat with the working fluid, the mechanisms for cooling and reheating the working fluid comprising a common heat exchanger (6) in which the working fluid transits in counter-flow in two separate transit portions of the working circuit (10), the compression mechanism comprising at least two compressors (2, 3) and at least one motor (14, 15) for driving the compressors (2, 3), the working fluid expansion mechanism comprising at least one rotary turbine (7), the device comprising at least one drive motor (14, 15) comprising a drive shaft, one end of which drives a compressor (2) and the other end of which is coupled to a turbine (7), the motor (14) being attached to the frame (100) at at least one fixed point (104), the common heat exchanger (6) being attached to the frame (100) at at least one fixed point (106), the two counter-flow transit portions of the common heat exchanger (6) being orientated in a longitudinal direction (A) of the frame (100), the drive shaft of the drive motor (14, 15) being orientated in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction (A) and the turbine (7) and the compressor (2) being arranged relatively longitudinally such that the turbine (7) is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively cold end of the common heat exchanger (6) when the device is being operated and the compressor (2) is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively hot end of the common heat exchanger (6) when the device is being operated.

Description

Dispositif et installation de réfrigération Refrigeration device and installation
L'invention concerne un dispositif et une installation de réfrigération. The invention relates to a refrigeration device and installation.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de réfrigération à basse température, c'est-à-dire à une température comprise entre moins 100 degrés centigrade et moins 273 degrés centigrade, le dispositif étant disposé dans un cadre et comprenant un circuit de travail formant une boucle et contenant un fluide de travail, le circuit de travail formant un cycle comprenant en série: un mécanisme de compression du fluide de travail, un mécanisme de refroidissement du fluide de travail, un mécanisme de détente du fluide de travail et un mécanisme de réchauffement du fluide de travail, le dispositif comprenant un échangeur de chaleur de réfrigération destiné à extraire de la chaleur à au moins un organe par échange de chaleur avec le fluide de travail circulant dans le circuit de travail, les mécanismes de refroidissement et de réchauffage du fluide de travail comprenant un échangeur de chaleur commun dans lequel le fluide de travail transite à contre-courant dans deux portions de transit distinctes du circuit de travail selon qu'il est refroidi ou réchauffé, le mécanisme de compression comprenant au moins deux compresseurs et au moins un moteur d'entraînement des compresseur, le mécanisme de détente du fluide de travail comprenant au moins un turbine rotative, le dispositif comprenant au moins un moteur d'entraînement comprenant un arbre d'entraînement dont une extrémité entraîne au moins un compresseur et dont une autre extrémité est accouplée à une turbine, ledit moteur étant fixé au cadre au niveau d'au moins un point fixe, l'échangeur de chaleur commun étant fixé au cadre au niveau d'au moins un point fixe, les deux portions de transit à contre-courant de l'échangeur de chaleur commun étant orientées selon une direction longitudinale du cadre. Par dispositif de réfrigération à basse température on désigne des dispositifs de réfrigération à une température comprise entre moins 100 degrés centigrade et moins 273 degrés centigrade notamment entre moins 100 degrés centigrade et moins 253 degrés centigrade. The invention relates more particularly to a device for refrigeration at low temperature, that is to say at a temperature between minus 100 degrees centigrade and minus 273 degrees centigrade, the device being arranged in a frame and comprising a working circuit forming a loop and containing a working fluid, the working circuit forming a cycle comprising in series: a mechanism for compressing the working fluid, a mechanism for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism for expanding the working fluid and a mechanism for heating of the working fluid, the device comprising a refrigeration heat exchanger intended to extract heat from at least one member by heat exchange with the working fluid circulating in the working circuit, the cooling and reheating mechanisms of the working fluid comprising a common heat exchanger in which the working fluid flows countercurrently in two portions of distinct transit of the working circuit depending on whether it is cooled or heated, the compression mechanism comprising at least two compressors and at least one compressor drive motor, the working fluid expansion mechanism comprising at least one rotary turbine, the device comprising at least one drive motor comprising a drive shaft, one end of which drives at least one compressor and the other end of which is coupled to a turbine, said motor being fixed to the frame at at least one fixed point , the common heat exchanger being fixed to the frame at at least one fixed point, the two countercurrent transit portions of the common heat exchanger being oriented in a longitudinal direction of the frame. By low-temperature refrigeration device is meant refrigeration devices at a temperature between minus 100 degrees centigrade and minus 273 degrees centigrade, in particular between minus 100 degrees centigrade and minus 253 degrees centigrade.
L'invention concerne en particulier les réfrigérateurs et/ou liquéfacteurs cryogéniques, par exemple du type à cycle « Turbo Brayton » ou « refroidisseurs Turbo Brayton » dans lequel un gaz de travail, encore appelé gaz de cycle (hélium, azote, hydrogène ou autre gaz pur ou mélange), subit un cycle thermodynamique produisant du froid qui peut être transféré à une organe ou un gaz devant être refroidi. The invention relates in particular to cryogenic refrigerators and / or liquefiers, for example of the “Turbo Brayton” cycle type or “Turbo Brayton coolers” in which a working gas, also called cycle gas (helium, nitrogen, hydrogen or other pure gas or mixture), undergoes a thermodynamic cycle producing cold which can be transferred to an organ or a gas to be cooled.
Ces dispositifs sont utilisés dans une grande variété d'application et notamment pour refroidir du gaz naturel d'un réservoir (par exemple dans des bateaux). Le gaz naturel liquéfié est par exemple sous-refroidi pour éviter sa vaporisation ou la partie gazeuse est refroidie en vue de sa reliquéfaction. These devices are used in a wide variety of applications and in particular for cooling natural gas from a reservoir (for example in boats). The liquefied natural gas is for example sub-cooled to prevent its vaporization or the gaseous part is cooled with a view to its reliquefaction.
Par exemple, un flux de gaz naturel peut être mis en circulation dans un échangeur de chaleur refroidi par le gaz de cycle du réfrigérateur/liquéfacteur . For example, a natural gas stream can be circulated through a heat exchanger cooled by the refrigerator / liquefier cycle gas.
Ces dispositifs peuvent comprendre plusieurs échangeurs de chaleurs interposés à la sortie des étages de compression. Ces dispositifs sont intégrés dans un cadre ou bâtis dont le volume est limité. L'intégration de ces divers échangeurs et des tuyauteries associées sont ainsi rendus difficiles. Le refroidissement du gaz de travail peut dans certains cas être problématique . These devices can include several heat exchangers interposed at the outlet of the compression stages. These devices are integrated into a frame or frame of which the volume is limited. The integration of these various exchangers and the associated piping are thus made difficult. Cooling the working gas can in some cases be problematic.
De plus, les divers composants du dispositif peuvent être soumis à des variations de températures importantes entre la température ambiante et les températures cryogéniques (notamment jusqu'à 25K) . Ainsi, ces variations de températures sont susceptibles de provoquer des variations de dimensions qui peuvent nuire à la tenue du dispositif. Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur relevés ci-dessus. In addition, the various components of the device can be subjected to significant temperature variations between ambient temperature and cryogenic temperatures (in particular up to 25K). Thus, these temperature variations are liable to cause dimensional variations which may adversely affect the strength of the device. An aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
A cette fin, le dispositif selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci- dessus, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que l'arbre d'entraînement dudit moteur d'entraînement est orienté selon une direction parallèle ou sensiblement parallèle à la direction longitudinale, la turbine et le compresseur étant agencés relativement longitudinalement de sorte que la turbine est située longitudinalement du côté correspondant à l'extrémité relativement froide de échangeur de chaleur commun lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement et le compresseur est située longitudinalement du côté correspondant à l'extrémité relativement chaude de échangeur de chaleur commun lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement. To this end, the device according to the invention, moreover in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the drive shaft of said drive motor is oriented in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction, the turbine and the compressor being arranged relatively longitudinally so that the turbine is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively cold end of the common heat exchanger when the device is in operation and the compressor is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively hot end of the common heat exchanger when the device is in operation.
Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : la liaison de l'échangeur de chaleur commun au point fixe du cadre est située à une position longitudinale de l'échangeur de chaleur située entre ses extrémités relativement chaude et froide lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement, et notamment au niveau de la portion de l'échangeur de chaleur séparant l'extrémité froide de l'échangeur de chaleur susceptible de se contracter et l'extrémité chaude de l'échangeur de chaleur susceptible de se dilater, lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement, la température de l'échangeur de chaleur commun varie longitudinalement entre une extrémité froide et une extrémité chaude, l'extrémité froide, notamment à une température de l'ordre de 100K, recevant le fluide de travail relativement froid provenant dans le mécanisme de détente en vue de son réchauffage et évacuant le fluide de travail refroidi avant son entrée dans la mécanisme de détente, l'extrémité chaude, notamment à une température de l'ordre de 300K, recevant le fluide de travail chaud provenant du mécanisme de compression et évacuant le fluide de travail réchauffé avant son entrée dans le mécanisme de compression, la liaison de l'échangeur de chaleur commun au point fixe du cadre étant située à une position longitudinale intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur entre ses extrémités froide et chaude, notamment au niveau d'une zone à une température de fonctionnement comprise entre 200 et 270K notamment 250K, les points fixes de fixation respectivement du moteur et de l'échangeur de chaleur commun sur le cadre sont espacés selon la direction (A) longitudinale d'une distance inférieure à 100cm, notamment inférieure à 50cm et de préférence sont situés au même niveau selon la direction longitudinale du cadre, le mécanisme de refroidissement du fluide de travail comprend deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement disposés respectivement à la sortie des deux compresseurs et assurant un échange de chaleur entre le fluide de travail et un fluide de refroidissement, le cadre comprenant une base inférieure destiné à être fixée sur un support, les deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement étant situé dans le cadre à côté de l'échangeur de chaleur commun selon une direction transversale à l'axe longitudinal, c'est-à-dire que les échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement ne sont pas situés entre l'échangeur de chaleur commun et la base inférieure du cadre, les deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement ont chacun une forme oblongue s'étendant selon des directions longitudinales respectives qui sont parallèles à l'axe longitudinal, les deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement sont disposé l'un au-dessus de l'autre selon une direction perpendiculaire, chaque échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement comprend une entrée de gaz de travail à refroidir et une sortie de gaz de travail refroidi disposées respectivement au niveau de deux extrémités longitudinales, chaque échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement comprenant une entrée de fluide de refroidissement et une sortie de fluide de refroidissement, les deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement étant agencés de façon inversée, c'est-à-dire que les directions longitudinales respectives des deux échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement sont parallèles ou sensiblement parallèles et les sens de circulation du fluide de travail dans lesdits échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement sont opposés, la sortie de fluide de refroidissement de l'un des deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement est raccordée à l'entrée de fluide de refroidissement de l'autre échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement de sorte que du flux de fluide de refroidissement transitant dans l'un des échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement a déjà circulé dans l'autre échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement, les deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement sont situés de façon adjacente c'est-à-dire espacés d'une distance comprise entre 50 et 500mm notamment entre 10 et 300mm. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features: the connection of the common heat exchanger to the fixed point of the frame is located at a longitudinal position of the heat exchanger located between its relatively hot and cold ends when the device is in operation, and in particular at the portion of the heat exchanger separating the cold end of the heat exchanger liable to contract and the hot end of the exchanger of heat liable to expand, when the device is in operation, the temperature of the common heat exchanger varies longitudinally between a cold end and a hot end, the cold end, in particular at a temperature of the order of 100K, receiving the relatively cold working fluid coming into the expansion mechanism for reheating and discharging the cooled working fluid before it enters the m expansion mechanism, the hot end, in particular at a temperature of the order of 300K, receiving the hot working fluid from of the compression mechanism and discharging the heated working fluid before entering the compression mechanism, the connection of the common heat exchanger to the fixed point of the frame being located at an intermediate longitudinal position of the heat exchanger between its ends cold and hot, in particular in a zone with an operating temperature of between 200 and 270K, in particular 250K, the fixed fixing points respectively of the motor and of the common heat exchanger on the frame are spaced in the direction (A ) longitudinal a distance less than 100cm, in particular less than 50cm and preferably are located at the same level in the longitudinal direction of the frame, the working fluid cooling mechanism comprises two cooling heat exchangers arranged respectively at the outlet of the two compressors and ensuring heat exchange between the working fluid and a coolant, the frame comprises nt a lower base intended to be fixed on a support, the two cooling heat exchangers being located in the frame next to the common heat exchanger in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis, that is to say that the cooling heat exchangers are not located between the common heat exchanger and the lower base of the frame, the two cooling heat exchangers each have an oblong shape extending in respective longitudinal directions which are parallel to the 'longitudinal axis, the two cooling heat exchangers are arranged one above the other in a perpendicular direction, each cooling heat exchanger comprises an inlet for working gas to be cooled and an outlet for working gas cooled respectively arranged at two longitudinal ends, each heat exchanger of cooling comprising a cooling fluid inlet and a cooling fluid outlet, the two cooling heat exchangers being arranged inverted, i.e. the respective longitudinal directions of the two cooling heat exchangers are parallel or substantially parallel and the directions of circulation of the working fluid in said cooling heat exchanger are opposite, the cooling fluid outlet of one of the two cooling heat exchangers is connected to the cooling fluid inlet of the other cooling heat exchanger so that of the coolant flow passing through one of the cooling heat exchangers has already circulated through the other cooling heat exchanger, the two cooling heat exchangers are located adjacent, that is to say spaced at a distance between 50 and 500mm in particular between 10 and 300mm.
L'invention concerne également une installation de réfrigération et/ou de liquéfaction d'un flux de fluide utilisateur, notamment du gaz naturel, comprenant un dispositif de réfrigération selon l'une quelconque des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous, l'installation comprenant au moins un réservoir de fluide utilisateur, une conduite de circulation dudit flux de fluide utilisateur dans l'échangeur de refroidissement. The invention also relates to an installation for refrigeration and / or liquefaction of a flow of user fluid, in particular natural gas, comprising a refrigeration device according to any one of the characteristics above or below, the installation comprising at least one user fluid reservoir, a conduit for circulating said flow of user fluid in the cooling exchanger.
L'invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci- dessus ou ci-dessous dans le cadre des revendications. The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles : Other features and advantages will become apparent on reading the description below, given with reference to the figures in which:
[Fig. 1] représente une vue schématique et partielle de dessus illustrant la structure et le fonctionnement d'un exemple de dispositif et d'installation pouvant mettre en œuvre 1'invention, [Fig. 1] is a schematic and partial top view illustrating the structure and operation of an example of device and installation capable of implementing the invention,
[Fig. 2] représente une vue schématique et partielle de côté selon la flèche V de la figure 1 illustrant des détails de la structure et du fonctionnement du dispositif et de 1'installation, [Fig. 2] shows a schematic and partial side view along arrow V of Figure 1 illustrating details of the structure and operation of the device and 1'installation,
[Fig. 3] représente une vue schématique et partielle illustrant un détail de la structure et du fonctionnement du dispositif et de l'installation selon une variante possible de réalisation de l'agence de deux échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement. [Fig. 3] represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a detail of the structure and operation of the device and of the installation according to a possible variant embodiment of the agency of two cooling heat exchangers.
L'installation de refroidissement et/ou de liquéfaction de la [Fig. 1] et de la [Fig. 2] comprend un dispositif 1 de réfrigération fournissant du froid (une puissance de refroidissement) au niveau d'un l'échangeur 8 de chaleur de réfrigération. The cooling and / or liquefaction installation of [Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2] comprises a refrigeration device 1 providing cold (cooling power) at the level of a refrigeration heat exchanger 8.
L'installation comprend une conduite 125 de circulation d'un flux de fluide à refroidir mis en échange thermique avec cet échangeur 8 de refroidissement. Par exemple, le fluide est du gaz naturel liquide pompé dans un réservoir 16 (par exemple via une pompe), puis est refroidi (de préférence hors du réservoir 16) puis renvoyé dans le réservoir 16 (par exemple en pluie dans la phase gazeuse du réservoir 16). Ceci permet de refroidir ou sous-refroidir le contenu du réservoir 16 et de limiter les phénomènes de vaporisation. Par exemple, le liquide du réservoir 16 est sous refroidi en-dessous de sa température de saturation (baisse de sa température de plusieurs degrés K notamment 5 à 20K et notamment 14K) avant d'être réinjecté dans le réservoir 16. En variante cette réfrigération peut être apportée au gaz de vaporisation du réservoir en vue notamment de sa reliquéfaction. C'est-à-dire que le dispositif 1 de réfrigération produit une puissance froide au niveau de l'échangeur 8 de chaleur de réfrigération. Le dispositif 1 de réfrigération comprend un circuit de travail 10 (de préférence fermé) formant une boucle de circulation. Ce circuit 10 de travail contient un fluide de travail (hélium, azote, néon, hydrogène ou autre gaz ou mélange approprié par exemple hélium et argon ou hélium et azote ou hélium et néon ou hélium et argon et azote ou hélium et azote et argon ou hélium et néon et argon ou hélium et azote et argon et néon....). The installation comprises a pipe 125 for circulating a flow of fluid to be cooled placed in heat exchange with this cooling exchanger 8. For example, the fluid is liquid natural gas pumped into a tank 16 (for example via a pump), then is cooled (preferably outside the tank 16) and then returned to the tank 16 (for example in rain in the gas phase of the tank. tank 16). This makes it possible to cool or sub-cool the contents of the reservoir 16 and to limit the phenomena of vaporization. For example, the liquid in the tank 16 is sub-cooled below its saturation temperature (drop in its temperature by several degrees K, in particular 5 to 20K and in particular 14K) before being reinjected into the tank 16. As a variant, this refrigeration can be supplied to the vaporization gas of the reservoir with a view in particular to its reliquefaction. That is to say, the refrigeration device 1 produces cold power at the level of the refrigeration heat exchanger 8. The refrigeration device 1 comprises a working circuit 10 (preferably closed) forming a circulation loop. This working circuit 10 contains a working fluid (helium, nitrogen, neon, hydrogen or other gas or suitable mixture for example helium and argon or helium and nitrogen or helium and neon or helium and argon and nitrogen or helium and nitrogen and argon or helium and neon and argon or helium and nitrogen and argon and neon ....).
Le circuit 10 de travail forme un cycle comprenant: un mécanisme 2, 3 de compression du fluide de travail, un mécanisme 4, 5, 6 de refroidissement du fluide de travail, un mécanisme 7 de détente du fluide de travail et un mécanisme 6 de réchauffement du fluide de travail. The working circuit 10 forms a cycle comprising: a mechanism 2, 3 for compressing the working fluid, a mechanism 4, 5, 6 for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism 7 for expanding the working fluid and a mechanism 6 for heating of the working fluid.
Le dispositif 1 comprend un échangeur 8 de chaleur de réfrigération situé en aval du mécanisme 7 de détente et destiné à extraire de la chaleur à au moins un organe 25 par échange de chaleur avec le fluide de travail froid circulant dans le circuit 10 de travail. The device 1 comprises a refrigeration heat exchanger 8 located downstream of the expansion mechanism 7 and intended to extract heat from at least one member 25 by heat exchange with the cold working fluid circulating in the working circuit 10.
Les mécanismes de refroidissement et de réchauffage du fluide de travail comprennent classiquement un échangeur 6 de chaleur commun dans lequel le fluide de travail transite à contre-courant dans deux portions de transit distinctes du circuit 10 de travail selon qu'il est refroidi ou réchauffé dans le cycle. The mechanisms for cooling and reheating the working fluid conventionally comprise a common heat exchanger 6 in which the working fluid passes countercurrently in two separate transit portions of the working circuit 10 depending on whether it is cooled or heated in the cycle.
L'échangeur 8 de chaleur de refroidissement est situé par exemple entre le mécanisme 7 de détente et l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun. Comme illustré, cet échangeur 8 de chaleur de chaleur de réfrigération peut être intégré à l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun (c'est-à-dire que les deux échangeurs 6, 8 peuvent être monoblocs, c'est-à-dire peuvent avoir des circuits de fluides distincts qui partagent une même structure d'échange). Bien entendu, en variante l'échangeur 8 de chaleur de refroidissement peut être un échangeur de chaleur distinct de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun. Ainsi, le fluide de travail qui sort relativement chaud du mécanisme 2, 3 de compression est refroidi dans l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun avant d'entrer dans le mécanisme de détente 7. Le fluide de travail qui sort relativement froid du mécanisme 7 de détente et de l'échangeur de chaleur 8 de refroidissement est quant à lui réchauffé dans l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun avant de retourner dans le mécanisme de compression 2 3 en vue de recommencer un nouveau cycle. The cooling heat exchanger 8 is located for example between the expansion mechanism 7 and the common heat exchanger 6. As illustrated, this refrigeration heat heat exchanger 8 can be integrated with the common heat exchanger 6 (that is to say that the two exchangers 6, 8 can be one-piece, that is to say can have separate fluid circuits that share the same exchange structure). Of course, as a variant, the cooling heat exchanger 8 may be a separate heat exchanger from the common heat exchanger 6. Thus, the working fluid which exits relatively hot from the compression mechanism 2, 3 is cooled in the common heat exchanger 6 before entering the expansion mechanism 7. The working fluid which exits relatively cold from the mechanism 7 of expansion and the cooling heat exchanger 8 is in turn heated in the common heat exchanger 6 before returning to the compression mechanism 2 3 in order to start a new cycle.
Le mécanisme 2, 3 de compression peut comprendre au moins deux compresseurs et au moins un moteur 14, 15 d'entraînement des compresseurs 2, 3. De plus, de préférence la puissance de réfrigération du dispositif est variable et peut être contrôlée en régulant la vitesse de rotation du ou des moteurs 14, 15 d'entraînement (vitesse de cycle). De préférence la puissance froide produite par le dispositif 1 peut être adaptée de 0 à 100% d'une puissance nominale ou maximale en changeant la vitesse de rotation du ou des moteurs 14, 15 entre une vitesse de rotation nulle et une vitesse maximale ou nominale. Une telle architecture permet de maintenir un rendement élevé sur une large plage de fonctionnement (par exemple 97% de rendement nominal à 50% de la puissance froide nominale). The compression mechanism 2, 3 can comprise at least two compressors and at least one motor 14, 15 for driving the compressors 2, 3. In addition, preferably the refrigeration power of the device is variable and can be controlled by regulating the temperature. speed of rotation of the drive motor or motors 14, 15 (cycle speed). Preferably, the cold power produced by the device 1 can be adapted from 0 to 100% of a nominal or maximum power by changing the speed of rotation of the motor or motors 14, 15 between a zero speed of rotation and a maximum or nominal speed. . Such an architecture makes it possible to maintain high efficiency over a wide operating range (for example 97% of nominal efficiency at 50% of nominal cold power).
Dans l'exemple non limitatif représenté, le dispositif 1 de réfrigération comprend deux compresseurs 2, 3 en série. Ces deux compresseurs 2, 3 peuvent être entraînés respectivement par deux moteurs 14, 15 distincts. Une turbine 7 est accouplée à l'arbre d'entraînement d'un 14 des deux moteurs. Par exemple un premier moteur 14 entraîne un compresseur 2 et est accouplé à une turbine 7 (moto-turbocompresseur) tandis que l'autre moteur 15 entraîne uniquement un compresseur 3 (moto-compresseur). L'ordre de ces deux moto-turbocompresseur et moto-compresseur peuvent être inversé dans le circuit de travail 10 (c'est-à-dire que le premier compresseur en série peut être entraîné par un moteur dont l'arbre n'est pas accouplé à une turbine tandis que second compresseur en série est entraîné par un moteur dont l'arbre accouplé également à une turbine). In the non-limiting example shown, the refrigeration device 1 comprises two compressors 2, 3 in series. These two compressors 2, 3 can be driven respectively by two separate motors 14, 15. A turbine 7 is coupled to the drive shaft of one 14 of the two motors. For example a first motor 14 drives a compressor 2 and is coupled to a turbine 7 (motor-turbocharger) while the other engine 15 drives only a compressor 3 (motor-compressor). The order of these two motor-turbochargers and motor-compressors can be reversed in the working circuit 10 (i.e. the first compressor in series can be driven by an engine whose shaft is not coupled to a turbine while second series compressor is driven by a motor whose shaft is also coupled to a turbine).
Par exemple, le dispositif 1 comprend deux moteurs 14, 15 à haute vitesse (par exemple 10000 tours par minute ou plusieurs dizaines de milliers de tours par minute) d'entrainement respectifs des étages de compression 2, 3. La turbine 7 peut être accouplée au moteur 15 de l'un des étages de compression 2, 3, c'est-à-dire que le dispositif peut posséder une turbine 7 constituant le mécanisme de détente qui est accouplée au moteur 15 d'entraînement d'un étage de compression (le premier ou le second) . For example, the device 1 comprises two motors 14, 15 at high speed (for example 10,000 revolutions per minute or several tens of thousands of revolutions per minute) for respective driving of the compression stages 2, 3. The turbine 7 can be coupled. to the motor 15 of one of the compression stages 2, 3, that is to say that the device may have a turbine 7 constituting the expansion mechanism which is coupled to the motor 15 for driving a compression stage (the first or the second).
Ainsi, la puissance de la ou des turbines 7 peut être avantageusement récupérée et utilisée pour réduire la consommation du ou des moteurs. Ainsi, en augmentant la vitesse des moteurs (et donc le débit dans le cycle du gaz de travail), on augmente la puissance de réfrigération produite et donc la consommation électrique du liquéfacteur (et inversement). Les compresseurs 2, 3 et turbine(s) 7 sont de préférence accouplés de façon directe à un arbre de sortie du moteur concerné (sans mécanisme de transmission de mouvement à engrenages). Thus, the power of the turbine or turbines 7 can be advantageously recovered and used to reduce the consumption of the engine or engines. Thus, by increasing the speed of the motors (and therefore the flow rate in the working gas cycle), the refrigeration power produced and therefore the electrical consumption of the liquefier (and vice versa) is increased. The compressors 2, 3 and turbine (s) 7 are preferably coupled directly to an output shaft of the motor concerned (without a geared movement transmission mechanism).
Les arbres de sortie des moteurs sont de préférence montés sur des paliers de type magnétique ou de type dynamique à gaz. Les paliers sont utilisés pour sustenter les compresseurs et les turbines . The output shafts of the motors are preferably mounted on bearings of the magnetic type or of the dynamic gas type. The bearings are used to support compressors and turbines.
Dans l'exemple représenté, le dispositif 1 de réfrigération comprend deux compresseurs 2, 3 formant deux étages de compression et une turbine 7 de détente. C'est-à-dire que le mécanisme de compression comprend deux compresseurs 2, 3 en série, de préférence du type centrifuge et le mécanisme de détente comprend une unique turbine 7, de préférence centripète. Bien entendu, tout autre nombre et arrangement de compresseur (s), turbine(s) et moteur(s) peut être envisagé, par exemple : trois compresseurs entraînés respectivement par trois moteurs distincts, la turbine étant par exemple accouplée à une extrémité de l'arbre d'entraînement d'un de ces moteurs ou trois compresseurs et deux turbines ... D'autres architectures peuvent être envisagées, notamment trois compresseurs et une turbine ou trois compresseurs ou deux ou trois turbines ou deux compresseur set deux turbines...Chaque moteur peut comporter un arbre rotatif d'entraînement dont une extrémité entraîne un compresseur et éventuellement une autre roue) et dont l'autre extrémité est libre (pas de roue montée sur l'extrémité) ou entraîne éventuellement au moins une autre roue (compresseur ou turbine).In the example shown, the refrigeration device 1 comprises two compressors 2, 3 forming two compression stages and an expansion turbine 7. That is to say that the compression mechanism comprises two compressors 2, 3 in series, preferably of the centrifugal type, and the expansion mechanism comprises a single turbine 7, preferably centripetal. Of course, any other number and arrangement of compressor (s), turbine (s) and motor (s) can be considered, for example: three compressors driven respectively by three separate engines, the turbine being for example coupled to one end of the drive shaft of one of these engines or three compressors and two turbines, etc. Other architectures can be envisaged, in particular three compressors and one turbine or three compressors or two or three turbines or two compressors set two turbines ... Each engine can include a rotary drive shaft, one end of which drives a compressor and possibly another wheel) and the other end of which is free (no wheel mounted on the end) or possibly drives at least one other wheel (compressor or turbine).
Comme illustré, un échangeur 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peut être prévu à la sortie de chacun des deux compresseurs 2, 3 (par exemple un refroidissement par échange de chaleur avec de l'eau à température ambiante ou tout autre fluide ou agent de refroidissement d'un circuit 26 de réfrigérant). Cf. [Fig. 2].As illustrated, a cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 can be provided at the outlet of each of the two compressors 2, 3 (for example cooling by heat exchange with water at ambient temperature or any other fluid or cooling agent. cooling of a refrigerant circuit 26). See [Fig. 2].
Ceci permet de réaliser une compression isentropique ou isotherme ou sensiblement isotherme. De même, un échangeur de réchauffage peut être prévu ou non en sortie de tout ou partie des turbines 7 de détente pour réaliser une détente isentropique ou isotherme. De préférence également, les réchauffage et refroidissement du fluide de travail sont de préférence isobares sans que ceci soit limitatif. This makes it possible to achieve isentropic or isothermal or substantially isothermal compression. Likewise, a reheating exchanger may or may not be provided at the outlet of all or part of the expansion turbines 7 in order to achieve isentropic or isothermal expansion. Also preferably, the heating and cooling of the working fluid are preferably isobaric without this being limiting.
Le dispositif est logé dans un cadre 100, par exemple parallélépipédique. Le cadre 100 comprend une base 101 inférieure. Contrairement à la représentation de la figure 2, l'extrémité supérieure du cadre ne comporte pas forcément de structure au-dessus du dispositif mais pourrait comporter uniquement des montants périphériques qui sont situés au verticalement au-dessus de la base 101 au niveau ou sous le point le plus haut du dispositif. C'est-à-dire que le cadres peut former une protection latérale tout autour du dispositif mais laissant la partie supérieure non recouverte. Le moteur 14 muni d'un compresseur 2 et d'une turbine est fixé au cadre 100 au niveau d'un point 104 fixe. Par exemple le cadre 100 comprend un bâtis ou structure parallélépipédique formée de poutres ou montants rigides. Par exemple ce moteur 14 est fixé à un montant longitudinal périphérique, par exemple par vissage et/ou rivetage et/ou soudage. The device is housed in a frame 100, for example parallelepiped. The frame 100 includes a lower base 101. Unlike the representation of Figure 2, the upper end of the frame does not necessarily have a structure above the device but could only include peripheral uprights which are located vertically above the base 101 at or below the highest point of the device. That is to say that the frames can form a lateral protection all around the device but leaving the upper part uncovered. The engine 14 provided with a compressor 2 and a turbine is fixed to the frame 100 at a fixed point 104. For example, the frame 100 comprises a frame or parallelepipedic structure formed of rigid beams or uprights. For example, this motor 14 is fixed to a peripheral longitudinal upright, for example by screwing and / or riveting and / or welding.
De même, l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun est fixé au cadre 100 au niveau d'un point 106 fixe. Par exemple cet échangeur 6 de chaleur est fixé à un montant longitudinal central par exemple par vissage et/ou rivetage et/ou soudage Likewise, the common heat exchanger 6 is fixed to the frame 100 at a fixed point 106. For example, this heat exchanger 6 is fixed to a central longitudinal upright, for example by screwing and / or riveting and / or welding
Les deux portions de transit à contre-courant de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun sont orientées selon une direction A longitudinale du cadre 100. C'est-à-dire que l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun est orienté selon une direction longitudinale A et les flux de gaz de travail en son sein progressant essentiellement parallèlement selon cette direction. The two countercurrent transit portions of the common heat exchanger 6 are oriented in a longitudinal direction A of the frame 100. That is to say, the common heat exchanger 6 is oriented in a longitudinal direction A and the working gas flows within it progressing essentially in parallel in this direction.
Comme visible à la [Fig. 1], l'arbre d'entraînement du moteur 14, 15 muni d'un compresseur 2 et d'une turbine 7 est également orienté selon une direction parallèle ou sensiblement parallèle à cette direction A longitudinale. As can be seen in [Fig. 1], the drive shaft of the motor 14, 15 provided with a compressor 2 and a turbine 7 is also oriented in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to this longitudinal direction A.
De plus, la turbine 7 et le compresseur 2 sont agencés relativement longitudinalement de sorte que la turbine 7 est située longitudinalement du côté correspondant à l'extrémité relativement froide de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement (à droite sur la [Fig. 1]) et le compresseur (2) est située longitudinalement du côté correspondant à l'extrémité relativement chaude de échangeur 6 de chaleur commun lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement (à gauche sur la [Fig. 1]). In addition, the turbine 7 and the compressor 2 are arranged relatively longitudinally so that the turbine 7 is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively cold end of the common heat exchanger 6 when the device is in operation (to the right on [Fig. 1]) and the compressor (2) is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively hot end of the common heat exchanger 6 when the device is in operation (on the left in [Fig. 1]).
Ceci permet : de disposer d'un même côté du dispositif (ici longitudinal et à droite sur la [Fig. 1]) les éléments (portion d'échanger, 6, turbien7 et tuyauterie associée) susceptibles de subir des rétractations dimensionnelles en passant de l'état chaud à l'état froid de fonctionnement, de disposer d'un même côté du dispositif (ici longitudinal et à gauche sur la [Fig. 1]) les éléments (portion d'échanger, 6, compresseur 2 et tuyauterie associée) susceptibles de subir des rétractations dimensionnelles en passant de l'état chaud de fonctionnement . This allows: to have on the same side of the device (here longitudinal and on the right in [Fig. 1]) the elements (exchanging portion, 6, turbien7 and associated piping) liable to undergo dimensional shrinkage when passing from the hot state to the cold operating state, to have on the same side of the device (here longitudinal and on the left in [Fig. 1]) the elements (exchanging portion, 6, compressor 2 and associated piping) liable to undergo dimensional shrinkage when passing from the hot operating state.
Ces éléments situés de part et d'autre du point fixe 104106 de fixation peuvent ainsi être libre de se rétracter/dilater sans contrainte. These elements located on either side of the fixed fixing point 104106 can thus be free to retract / expand without constraint.
Les éléments « froids » (turbine 7, extrémité froide de l'échangeur et tuyauteries associées) sont libres de se contracter dans le même sens tandis (vers la gauche sur [Fig. 1]). Les éléments « chaud » (compresseur 2, extrémité chaude de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur et tuyauteries associées) sont libres de se dilater dans le même sens (également vers la gauche sur [Fig. 1]). Ceci permet d'éviter ou de limiter des efforts parasites sur le dispositif qui absorbe mieux les variations dimensionnelles dues au changements de température en son sein.The “cold” elements (turbine 7, cold end of the exchanger and associated pipes) are free to contract in the same direction while (to the left on [Fig. 1]). The “hot” elements (compressor 2, hot end of heat exchanger 6 and associated piping) are free to expand in the same direction (also to the left in [Fig. 1]). This makes it possible to avoid or limit parasitic forces on the device, which better absorbs the dimensional variations due to temperature changes within it.
En effet, classiquement lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement (notamment en fonctionnement nominal), la température de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur s'équilibre selon un gradient longitudinal entre une extrémité froide et une extrémité chaude. L'extrémité froide, par exemple à une température de l'ordre de 100K, est l'extrémité de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur recevant le fluide de travail relativement froid provenant dans le mécanisme 7 de détente en vue de son réchauffage et évacuant dans l'autre sens le fluide de travail refroidi avant son entrée dans la mécanisme 7 de détente. L'extrémité chaude, par exemple à une température de l'ordre de 300K, est l'extrémité de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun qui reçoit le fluide de travail chaud provenant du mécanisme de compression et qui évacue dans l'autre sens le fluide de travail réchauffé avant son entrée dans le mécanisme de compression.Indeed, conventionally when the device is in operation (in particular in nominal operation), the temperature of the heat exchanger 6 is balanced according to a longitudinal gradient between a cold end and a hot end. The cold end, for example at a temperature of the order of 100K, is the end of the heat exchanger 6 receiving the relatively cold working fluid coming from the expansion mechanism 7 with a view to its reheating and discharging into the other direction the working fluid cooled before entering the mechanism 7 of expansion. The hot end, for example at a temperature of the order of 300K, is the end of the common heat exchanger 6 which receives the hot working fluid from the control mechanism. compression and which discharges the heated working fluid in the other direction before it enters the compression mechanism.
Selon une particularité avantageuse, la liaison de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun au point fixe 106 du cadre 100 est située à une position longitudinale intermédiaire de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur entre ses extrémités froide et chaude, notamment au niveau d'une zone à une température de fonctionnement comprise entre 200 et 270K notamment 250K. According to an advantageous feature, the connection of the heat exchanger 6 common to the fixed point 106 of the frame 100 is located at an intermediate longitudinal position of the heat exchanger 6 between its cold and hot ends, in particular at the level of a zone at an operating temperature between 200 and 270K, in particular 250K.
De préférence, la liaison de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun au point fixe du cadre 100 est située à une position longitudinale de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur située entre ses extrémités relativement chaude et froide lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement, et notamment au niveau de la portion de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur séparant l'extrémité froide de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur susceptible de se contracter (contraction différentielle due à refroidissement à des températures basses) et l'extrémité chaude de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur susceptible de se dilater (dilatation différentielle due à un réchauffage relatif à des températures plus élevées). Preferably, the connection of the common heat exchanger 6 to the fixed point of the frame 100 is located at a longitudinal position of the heat exchanger 6 located between its relatively hot and cold ends when the device is in operation, and in particular at level of the portion of the heat exchanger 6 separating the cold end of the heat exchanger 6 liable to contract (differential contraction due to cooling to low temperatures) and the hot end of the heat exchanger 6 susceptible to expansion (differential expansion due to relative heating at higher temperatures).
Ceci permet aux parties froides de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun et des tuyauteries froide associées de se rétracter librement (vers la gauche dans l'exemple de la [Fig. 1]) et aux parties chaudes de se dilater librement (vers la gauche dans l'exemple de la [Fig. 1]). This allows the cold parts of the common heat exchanger 6 and the associated cold pipes to retract freely (to the left in the example of [Fig. 1]) and the hot parts to expand freely (to the left. in the example of [Fig. 1]).
Ceci diminue les contraintes mécaniques néfastes au sein du dispositif. This reduces the harmful mechanical stresses within the device.
De préférence, les points fixes 104, 106 de fixation respectivement du moteur 14 et de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun sur le cadre 100 sont situé au même niveau longitudinal sur le cadre ou espacés selon cette direction A longitudinale d'une distance inférieure à 100cm, notamment inférieure à 50cm. En agençant ainsi les points fixes on positionne relativement d'une part les éléments froids susceptibles de se contracter et, d'autre part les éléments relativement chauds susceptibles de se dilater de façon à permettre des débattements de même nature sans induire ou en limitant des efforts opposés antagonistes contradictoires. Preferably, the fixed points 104, 106 respectively for fixing the motor 14 and the common heat exchanger 6 on the frame 100 are located at the same longitudinal level on the frame or spaced along this longitudinal direction A by a distance less than 100cm, especially less than 50cm. By arranging the fixed points in this way, the cold elements liable to contract are relatively positioned on the one hand and the relatively hot elements liable to expand on the other hand so as to allow movements of the same nature without inducing or limiting forces. contradictory antagonistic opposites.
Le cadre 100 comprend une base 101 inférieure destiné à être fixée sur un support (par exemple le sol ou un plancher de bateau ou le somment d'un réservoir 16 de liquide à refroidir par exemple). Cette base peut être formée de montants rigide délimitant un rectangle muni de montant longitudinaux ou transversaux. The frame 100 comprises a lower base 101 intended to be fixed on a support (for example the ground or a boat floor or the top of a tank 16 of liquid to be cooled, for example). This base can be formed of rigid uprights defining a rectangle provided with longitudinal or transverse uprights.
Comme illustré [Fig. 1] au moins une partie des éléments du dispositif peuvent être fixés sur cette base 101, notamment un caisson abritant l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun et l'échangeur 8 de réfrigération. As illustrated [Fig. 1] at least part of the elements of the device can be fixed on this base 101, in particular a box housing the common heat exchanger 6 and the refrigeration exchanger 8.
Les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peuvent être disposés dans le cadre 100 à côté de l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun selon une direction transversale à l'axe A longitudinal. C'est-à-dire que les échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement ne sont pas situés entre l'échangeur 6 de chaleur commun et la base 101 inférieure du cadre 100. Les inventeurs ont constaté que cet agencement assure une répartition des masses améliorant la tenue du dispositif aux efforts notamment lorsque le dispositif est monté sur un bateau. The two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be arranged in the frame 100 next to the common heat exchanger 6 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis A. That is to say that the cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 are not located between the common heat exchanger 6 and the lower base 101 of the frame 100. The inventors have found that this arrangement ensures a distribution of the masses. improving the resistance of the device to forces, in particular when the device is mounted on a boat.
Comme illustré, les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peuvent chacun avoir une forme oblongue s'étendant selon des directions longitudinales respectives qui sont parallèles à l'axe longitudinal A. Les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peuvent être disposé l'un au- dessus de l'autre selon une direction perpendiculaire. Chaque échangeur 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement comprend une entrée 24, 25 de fluide de refroidissement et une sortie 34, 35 de fluide de refroidissement. Selon une particularité avantageuse, la sortie 34 de fluide de refroidissement de l'un des deux échangeur 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peut être raccordée à l'entrée 25 de fluide de refroidissement de l'autre échangeur 5 de chaleur de refroidissement de sorte que du flux de fluide de refroidissement transitant dans l'un 5 des échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement a déjà circulé dans l'autre échangeur de chaleur 4 de refroidissement (cf. [Fig. 3]). As illustrated, the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can each have an oblong shape extending in respective longitudinal directions which are parallel to the longitudinal axis A. The two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be arranged. one above the other in a perpendicular direction. Each cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 comprises an inlet 24, 25 for cooling fluid and an outlet 34, 35 for cooling fluid. According to an advantageous feature, the cooling fluid outlet 34 of one of the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be connected to the cooling fluid inlet 25 of the other cooling heat exchanger 5 so that the flow of cooling fluid passing through one 5 of the cooling heat exchangers has already circulated in the other cooling heat exchanger 4 (cf. [Fig. 3]).
Ceci permet aux deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement de recevoir 100% d'un flux de fluide de refroidissement (au lieu de subdiviser ce flux en deux moitiés réparties respectivement dans les deux échangeurs 4, 5). This allows the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 to receive 100% of a flow of cooling fluid (instead of subdividing this flow into two halves distributed respectively in the two exchangers 4, 5).
Cette augmentation relative du débit de fluide de refroidissement permet ainsi d'augmenter le coefficient d'échange thermique et donc améliore la qualité et la fiabilité du refroidissement. De plus, cette solution permet d'éviter des problèmes inhérents à la solution connue dans laquelle deux débits peuvent diverger au sein des deux échangeurs de chaleur (du fait notamment des pertes de charges qui peuvent varier d'un circuit ou échangeur à l'autre). This relative increase in the coolant flow rate thus makes it possible to increase the heat exchange coefficient and therefore improves the quality and reliability of cooling. In addition, this solution makes it possible to avoid problems inherent in the known solution in which two flow rates can diverge within the two heat exchangers (in particular because of the pressure drops which can vary from one circuit or exchanger to another. ).
Comme explicité plus en détail ci-après, cette arrangement permet en outre de simplifier le réseau de conduites de fluide de refroidissement et de gaz de travail à destination des échangeurs de chaleur 4, 5 ou provenant des échangeurs de chaleur 4, 5. En particulier, cet agencement permet avec plus de facilité d'agencer les circuits de circulation des fluides (refroidissement et de travail) dans un espace réduit en permettant des circulation à contre-courant entre le fluide de travail et le fluide de refroidissement, ceci en réduisant le nombre et/ou la longueurs des conduites transportant ces fluides. As explained in more detail below, this arrangement also makes it possible to simplify the network of coolant and working gas pipes intended for the heat exchangers 4, 5 or originating from the heat exchangers 4, 5. In particular , this arrangement makes it easier to arrange the fluid circulation circuits (cooling and working) in a reduced space by allowing counter-current circulation between the working fluid and the cooling fluid, this by reducing the number and / or length of pipes transporting these fluids.
Comme représenté à la [Fig. 3], par exemple le circuit 26 de réfrigérant alimente en fluide de refroidissement d'abord le second échangeur 5 de chaleur de refroidissement puis ensuite le premier échangeur 5 de chaleur de refroidissement (les qualificatif « premier » et « second » faisant référence au premier et second étage de compression dans le sens de circulation du fluide de travail). As shown in [Fig. 3], for example the refrigerant circuit 26 supplies cooling fluid firstly to the second cooling heat exchanger 5 and then to the first cooling heat exchanger 5 (the qualifiers "first" and "second" referring to the first and second compression stage in the direction of circulation of the working fluid).
Bien entendu, l'agencement contraire peut être envisagée (circulation du fluide de refroidissement d'abord dans le premier 4 échangeur de chaleur puis ensuite dans le second 5 échangeur de chaleur). Of course, the opposite arrangement can be envisaged (circulation of the cooling fluid first in the first 4 heat exchanger and then in the second 5 heat exchanger).
Comme illustré, dans les deux cas, les sens de circulation des deux fluides (fluide de travail à refroidir et fluide de refroidissement relativement plus froid) transitent de préférence à contre-courant ou sens opposés dans chaque échangeur. As illustrated, in both cases, the directions of circulation of the two fluids (working fluid to be cooled and relatively cooler cooling fluid) preferably transit against the current or in opposite directions in each exchanger.
Comme illustré à la [Fig. 3], la liaison fluidique entre les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement pour faire transiter le fluide de refroidissement être simplifiée et réduite. Ce transfert peut de fluide de refroidissement d'un échangeur 4, 5 de refroidissement à l'autre peut notamment être réalisée par une portion de tube courte et soudée, voir un simple tube ou raccord entre les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur. As illustrated in [Fig. 3], the fluidic connection between the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 for passing the cooling fluid to be simplified and reduced. This transfer can of cooling fluid from one cooling exchanger 4, 5 to the other can in particular be carried out by a short and welded portion of tube, or even a simple tube or fitting between the two heat exchangers 4, 5.
Comme mentionné ci-dessus, les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peuvent en particulier être disposés de façon adjacente, notamment accolés. Ceci optimise l'encombrement du dispositif. As mentioned above, the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can in particular be disposed adjacent, in particular side by side. This optimizes the size of the device.
Le cas échéant, les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement pourraient même être intégrés dans un même carter ou boîtier comprenant deux passages distincts de circulation du fluide de travail, lesdits deux passages étant en échange thermiques respectivement avec deux portions en série d'un même canal de circulation du circuit de fluide de refroidissement. Par exemple, les échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peuvent avoir chacun une forme oblongue s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale respective. Chaque échangeur 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement comprend une entrée de gaz de travail à refroidir et une sortie de gaz de travail refroidi disposées respectivement au niveau de deux extrémités longitudinales . Where appropriate, the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 could even be integrated in the same casing or housing comprising two separate passages of circulation of the working fluid, said two passages being in heat exchange respectively with two portions in series of the same circulation channel of the cooling fluid circuit. For example, the cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can each have an oblong shape extending in a respective longitudinal direction. Each cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 comprises an inlet for working gas to be cooled and an outlet for cooled working gas arranged respectively at two longitudinal ends.
Les échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement peuvent être des échangeurs du type à tubes, à tubes et calandre, à plaque ou tout autre technologie appropriée. Les échangeurs 4, 5 peuvent être composés d'aluminium et/ou d'acier inoxydable. The cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 can be tube, tube and shell, plate type exchangers or any other suitable technology. The exchangers 4, 5 can be made of aluminum and / or stainless steel.
De plus, les deux échangeurs 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement sont agencés au sein du dispositif de préférence de façon inversée, c'est-à-dire que les directions longitudinales respectives des deux échangeur 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement sont parallèles ou sensiblement parallèles et les sens de circulation du fluide de travail dans lesdits échangeur 4, 5 de chaleur de refroidissement sont opposés. Cet agencement combiné à l'agencement de la circulation du fluide de refroidissement permet de minimiser la complexité des circuits fluidiques tout en conférant de très bonnes performances au dispositif. In addition, the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 are arranged within the device preferably inverted, that is to say that the respective longitudinal directions of the two cooling heat exchangers 4, 5 are parallel or substantially parallel and the directions of circulation of the working fluid in said cooling heat exchanger 4, 5 are opposed. This arrangement, combined with the arrangement of the circulation of the cooling fluid, makes it possible to minimize the complexity of the fluid circuits while giving very good performance to the device.
Tout ou partie du dispositif, notamment ses organes froids peuvent être logés dans un carter 11 étanche isolé thermiquement (notamment une enceinte sous vide contenant l'échangeur de chaleur commun à contre-courant et l'échangeur 8 de réfrigération) . All or part of the device, in particular its cold members, can be housed in a sealed thermally insulated casing 11 (in particular a vacuum chamber containing the common counter-current heat exchanger and the refrigeration exchanger 8).
L'invention peut s'appliquer à un procédé de refroidissement et/ou de liquéfaction d'un autre fluide ou mélange, notamment de 1'hydrogène. The invention can be applied to a process for cooling and / or liquefying another fluid or mixture, in particular hydrogen.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de réfrigération à basse température, c'est-à- dire à une température comprise entre moins 100 degrés centigrade et moins 273 degrés centigrade, le dispositif étant disposé dans un cadre (100) et comprenant un circuit de travail (10) formant une boucle et contenant un fluide de travail, le circuit (10) de travail formant un cycle comprenant en série: un mécanisme (2, 3) de compression du fluide de travail, un mécanisme (4, 5, 6) de refroidissement du fluide de travail, un mécanisme (7) de détente du fluide de travail et un mécanisme (6, 8) de réchauffement du fluide de travail, le dispositif (1) comprenant un échangeur (8) de chaleur de réfrigération destiné à extraire de la chaleur à au moins un organe (125) par échange de chaleur avec le fluide de travail circulant dans le circuit (10) de travail, les mécanismes de refroidissement et de réchauffage du fluide de travail comprenant un échangeur (6) de chaleur commun dans lequel le fluide de travail transite à contre-courant dans deux portions de transit distinctes du circuit (10) de travail selon qu'il est refroidi ou réchauffé, le mécanisme de compression comprenant au moins deux compresseurs (2, 3) et au moins un moteur (14, 15) d'entraînement des compresseur (2, 3), le mécanisme de détente du fluide de travail comprenant au moins un turbine (7) rotative, le dispositif comprenant au moins un moteur (14, 15) d'entraînement comprenant un arbre d'entraînement dont une extrémité entraîne au moins un compresseur (2) et dont une autre extrémité est accouplée à une turbine (7), ledit moteur (14) étant fixé au cadre (100) au niveau d'au moins un point (104) fixe, l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun étant fixé au cadre (100) au niveau d'au moins un point (106) fixe, les deux portions de transit à contre-courant de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun étant orientées selon une direction (A) longitudinale du cadre (100), l'arbre d'entraînement dudit moteur (14, 15) d'entraînement étant orienté selon une direction parallèle ou sensiblement parallèle à la direction (A) longitudinale et en ce que la turbine (7) et le compresseur (2) sont agencés relativement longitudinalement de sorte que la turbine (7) est située longitudinalement du côté correspondant à l'extrémité relativement froide de échangeur (6) de chaleur commun lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement et le compresseur (2) est située longitudinalement du côté correspondant à l'extrémité relativement chaude de échangeur (6) de chaleur commun lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement,1. Device for refrigeration at low temperature, that is to say at a temperature between minus 100 degrees centigrade and minus 273 degrees centigrade, the device being arranged in a frame (100) and comprising a working circuit (10) forming a loop and containing a working fluid, the working circuit (10) forming a cycle comprising in series: a mechanism (2, 3) for compressing the working fluid, a mechanism (4, 5, 6) for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism (7) for expanding the working fluid and a mechanism (6, 8) for heating the working fluid, the device (1) comprising a refrigeration heat exchanger (8) for extracting refrigeration heat. heat to at least one member (125) by heat exchange with the working fluid circulating in the working circuit (10), the mechanisms for cooling and reheating the working fluid comprising a common heat exchanger (6) in which the working fluid passes against the grain nt in two separate transit portions of the working circuit (10) depending on whether it is cooled or heated, the compression mechanism comprising at least two compressors (2, 3) and at least one drive motor (14, 15) compressors (2, 3), the working fluid expansion mechanism comprising at least one rotary turbine (7), the device comprising at least one drive motor (14, 15) comprising a drive shaft, one end of which drives at least one compressor (2) and one end of which is coupled to a turbine (7), said motor (14) being fixed to the frame (100) at at least one fixed point (104), the exchanger (6) common heat being fixed to the frame (100) at at least one fixed point (106), the two countercurrent transit portions of the common heat exchanger (6) being oriented in one direction (A) longitudinal of the frame (100), the drive shaft of said drive motor (14, 15) being oriented in a direction pa parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction (A) and in that the turbine (7) and the compressor (2) are arranged relatively longitudinally so that the turbine (7) is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively cold end of the exchanger (6 ) common heat when the device is in operation and the compressor (2) is located longitudinally on the side corresponding to the relatively hot end of the common heat exchanger (6) when the device is in operation,
, caractérisé en ce que la liaison de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun au point fixe du cadre (100) est située à une position longitudinale de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur située entre ses extrémités relativement chaude et froide lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement, et notamment au niveau de la portion de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur séparant l'extrémité froide de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur susceptible de se contracter et l'extrémité chaude de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur susceptible de se dilater. , characterized in that the connection of the common heat exchanger (6) to the fixed point of the frame (100) is located at a longitudinal position of the heat exchanger (6) located between its relatively hot and cold ends when the device is in operation, and in particular at the level of the portion of the heat exchanger (6) separating the cold end of the heat exchanger (6) likely to contract and the hot end of the exchanger (6 ) heat liable to expand.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que, lorsque le dispositif est en fonctionnement, la température de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun varie longitudinalement entre une extrémité froide et une extrémité chaude, l'extrémité froide, notamment à une température de l'ordre de 100K, recevant le fluide de travail relativement froid provenant dans le mécanisme (7) de détente en vue de son réchauffage et évacuant le fluide de travail refroidi avant son entrée dans la mécanisme (7) de détente, l'extrémité chaude, notamment à une température de l'ordre de 300K, recevant le fluide de travail chaud provenant du mécanisme de compression et évacuant le fluide de travail réchauffé avant son entrée dans le mécanisme de compression, en en ce que la liaison de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun au point fixe (106) du cadre (100) est située à une position longitudinale intermédiaire de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur entre ses extrémités froide et chaude, notamment au niveau d'une zone à une température de fonctionnement comprise entre 200 et 270K notamment 250K. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the device is in operation, the temperature of the common heat exchanger (6) varies longitudinally between a cold end and a hot end, the cold end, in particular at a temperature of the order of 100K, receiving the relatively cold working fluid coming into the expansion mechanism (7) with a view to heating it up and discharging the cooled working fluid before it enters the expansion mechanism (7), 'hot end, in particular at a temperature of the order of 300K, receiving the hot working fluid from the compression mechanism and discharging the heated working fluid before it enters the compression mechanism, in that the connection of the the heat exchanger (6) common to the fixed point (106) of the frame (100) is located at an intermediate longitudinal position of the heat exchanger (6) between its cold and hot ends, in particular at a zone e at an operating temperature between 200 and 270K, in particular 250K.
3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que les points fixes (104, 106) de fixation respectivement du moteur (14) et de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun sur le cadre (100) sont espacés selon la direction (A) longitudinale d'une distance inférieure à 100cm, notamment inférieure à 50cm et de préférence sont situés au même niveau selon la direction longitudinale (A) du cadre. 3. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the fixed points (104, 106) respectively fixing the motor (14) and the heat exchanger (6) common to the frame (100 ) are spaced in the longitudinal direction (A) by a distance of less than 100cm, in particular less than 50cm and preferably are located at the same level in the longitudinal direction (A) of the frame.
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme (4, 5, 6) de refroidissement du fluide de travail comprend deux échangeurs (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement disposés respectivement à la sortie des deux compresseurs (2, 3) et assurant un échange de chaleur entre le fluide de travail et un fluide de refroidissement, le cadre (100) comprenant une base (101) inférieure destiné à être fixée sur un support, les deux échangeurs (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement étant situé dans le cadre (100) à côté de l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun selon une direction transversale à l'axe (A) longitudinal, c'est-à-dire que les échangeurs (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement ne sont pas situés entre l'échangeur (6) de chaleur commun et la base (101) inférieure du cadre (100). 4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mechanism (4, 5, 6) for cooling the working fluid comprises two exchangers (4, 5) of cooling heat respectively arranged at the outlet. of the two compressors (2, 3) and providing heat exchange between the working fluid and a cooling fluid, the frame (100) comprising a lower base (101) intended to be fixed on a support, the two exchangers (4 , 5) cooling heat being located in the frame (100) next to the common heat exchanger (6) in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis (A), that is to say that the exchangers (4, 5) of cooling heat are not located between the common heat exchanger (6) and the lower base (101) of the frame (100).
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les deux échangeurs (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement ont chacun une forme oblongue s'étendant selon des directions longitudinales respectives qui sont parallèles à l'axe longitudinal (A). 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the two cooling heat exchangers (4, 5) each have an oblong shape extending in respective longitudinal directions which are parallel to the longitudinal axis (A).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les deux échangeurs (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement sont disposé l'un au-dessus de l'autre selon une direction perpendiculaire . 6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the two cooling heat exchangers (4, 5) are arranged one above the other in a perpendicular direction.
7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque échangeur (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement comprend une entrée de gaz de travail à refroidir et une sortie de gaz de travail refroidi disposées respectivement au niveau de deux extrémités longitudinales, chaque échangeur (4, 5 ) de chaleur de refroidissement comprenant une entrée (24, 25) de fluide de refroidissement et une sortie (34, 35) de fluide de refroidissement, les deux échangeurs (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement étant agencés de façon inversée, c'est-à-dire que les directions longitudinales respectives des deux échangeur (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement sont parallèles ou sensiblement parallèles et les sens de circulation du fluide de travail dans lesdits échangeur (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement sont opposés. 7. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that each cooling heat exchanger (4, 5) comprises an inlet for working gas to be cooled. and a cooled working gas outlet respectively disposed at two longitudinal ends, each cooling heat exchanger (4, 5) comprising a cooling fluid inlet (24, 25) and a fluid outlet (34, 35) cooling, the two cooling heat exchangers (4, 5) being arranged inverted, i.e. the respective longitudinal directions of the two cooling heat exchangers (4, 5) are parallel or substantially parallel and the directions of flow of the working fluid in said cooling heat exchanger (4, 5) are opposite.
8. Dispositif selon la revendications 6, caractérisé en ce que la sortie (34, 35) de fluide de refroidissement de l'un des deux échangeur (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement est raccordée à l'entrée (25, 24) de fluide de refroidissement de l'autre échangeur (5) de chaleur de refroidissement de sorte que du flux de fluide de refroidissement transitant dans l'un (5, 4) des échangeurs de chaleur de refroidissement a déjà circulé dans l'autre échangeur de chaleur (4, 5) de refroidissement. 8. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the outlet (34, 35) for cooling fluid of one of the two cooling heat exchangers (4, 5) is connected to the inlet (25, 24) cooling fluid from the other cooling heat exchanger (5) so that the flow of cooling fluid passing through one (5, 4) of the cooling heat exchangers has already circulated in the other cooling heat exchanger. heat (4, 5) cooling.
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les deux échangeurs (4, 5) de chaleur de refroidissement sont situés de façon adjacente c'est-à-dire espacés d'une distance comprise entre 0 et 500mm notamment entre 10 et 300mm. 9. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the two cooling heat exchangers (4, 5) are located adjacent, that is to say spaced at a distance between 0 and 500mm in particular between 10 and 300mm.
10. Installation de réfrigération et/ou de liquéfaction d'un flux de fluide utilisateur, notamment du gaz naturel, comprenant un dispositif (1) de réfrigération selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, l'installation comprenant au moins un réservoir (16) de fluide utilisateur, une conduite (125) de circulation dudit flux de fluide utilisateur dans l'échangeur (8) de refroidissement. 10. Installation for refrigeration and / or liquefaction of a flow of user fluid, in particular natural gas, comprising a refrigeration device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the installation comprising at least one reservoir. (16) of user fluid, a pipe (125) for circulating said flow of user fluid in the cooling exchanger (8).
EP20742182.7A 2019-08-05 2020-07-08 Refrigeration device and facility Pending EP4010644A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1908948A FR3099815B1 (en) 2019-08-05 2019-08-05 Refrigeration device and installation
PCT/EP2020/069174 WO2021023455A1 (en) 2019-08-05 2020-07-08 Refrigeration device and facility

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4010644A1 true EP4010644A1 (en) 2022-06-15

Family

ID=68654726

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20742182.7A Pending EP4010644A1 (en) 2019-08-05 2020-07-08 Refrigeration device and facility

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US11815295B2 (en)
EP (1) EP4010644A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2022543220A (en)
KR (1) KR20220042402A (en)
CN (1) CN114286917B (en)
AU (1) AU2020325952A1 (en)
CA (1) CA3146291A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3099815B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021023455A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3099818B1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2022-11-04 Air Liquide Refrigeration device and installation and method for cooling and/or liquefaction
FR3099819B1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2021-09-10 Air Liquide Refrigeration device and installation

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3213632A (en) * 1960-03-07 1965-10-26 California Texas Oil Corp Ship for transporting liquefied gases and other liquids
JP3323568B2 (en) * 1993-01-11 2002-09-09 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Multi-stage thermosiphon with built-in plate fin heat exchanger
US7637112B2 (en) * 2006-12-14 2009-12-29 Uop Llc Heat exchanger design for natural gas liquefaction
ES2685028T3 (en) * 2007-11-30 2018-10-05 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Cooling device
JP5148319B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2013-02-20 三菱重工業株式会社 Liquefied gas reliquefaction apparatus, liquefied gas storage equipment and liquefied gas carrier equipped with the same, and liquefied gas reliquefaction method
JP5356983B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2013-12-04 大陽日酸株式会社 Cryogenic refrigeration apparatus and operation method thereof
BE1018598A3 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-04-05 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv METHOD FOR RECYCLING ENRGIE.
JP5288020B1 (en) * 2012-03-30 2013-09-11 ダイキン工業株式会社 Refrigeration equipment
JP5782065B2 (en) * 2013-05-02 2015-09-24 株式会社前川製作所 Refrigeration system
JP2015148406A (en) * 2014-02-07 2015-08-20 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Refrigeration device
US20160164378A1 (en) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-09 Atieva, Inc. Motor Cooling System
JP6320955B2 (en) * 2015-03-09 2018-05-09 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Liquefaction system and power generation system
ES2747643T3 (en) * 2015-05-01 2020-03-11 Maekawa Seisakusho Kk Refrigerator and method of operation for refrigerator
FR3072160B1 (en) * 2017-10-09 2019-10-04 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude REFRIGERATION DEVICE AND METHOD
CA3151989C (en) * 2019-10-08 2023-04-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Heat exchange system and method of assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2022543220A (en) 2022-10-11
CA3146291A1 (en) 2021-02-11
US20220333828A1 (en) 2022-10-20
AU2020325952A1 (en) 2022-02-24
US11815295B2 (en) 2023-11-14
FR3099815A1 (en) 2021-02-12
KR20220042402A (en) 2022-04-05
CN114286917B (en) 2024-09-24
FR3099815B1 (en) 2021-09-10
WO2021023455A1 (en) 2021-02-11
CN114286917A (en) 2022-04-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2021023459A1 (en) Refrigeration device and system
WO2021023456A1 (en) Refrigeration device and system
EP3414498B1 (en) Cryogenic refrigeration device
US20220275999A1 (en) Refrigeration and/or liquefaction method, device and system
EP4010644A1 (en) Refrigeration device and facility
EP4107450B1 (en) Dilution refrigeration device and method
EP2936006B1 (en) Refrigeration and/or liquefaction device and method thereof
WO2022171485A1 (en) Device and method for liquefying a fluid such as hydrogen and/or helium
WO2022171390A1 (en) Device and method for liquefying a fluid such as hydrogen and/or helium
WO2024074263A1 (en) Low-temperature refrigeration device
EP1251278A2 (en) Scroll decompression device for cryogenic temperatures
VALVE et al. PRINCIPAL FEATURES 175

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20220307

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)