Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
  • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
  • C02F3/043—Devices for distributing water over trickle filters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
  • C02F3/046—Soil filtration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
  • C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
  • C02F3/109—Characterized by the shape
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
  • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
  • C02F3/121—Multistep treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
  • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
  • C02F3/1242—Small compact installations for use in homes, apartment blocks, hotels or the like
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
  • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

• the present invention falls within the field of water purification.
• It relates more particularly to a wastewater treatment structure and the implementation of a wastewater treatment process.
• the invention relates to a sanitation structure advantageously provided for non-collective sanitation, that is to say for individual dwellings, in particular for individuals.
• the waste water comprises a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds in dissolved form and in solid form.
• wastewater is understood to mean the raw water leaving directly from the collective or individual building. “Wastewater” is made up of “gray water”, and “black water” coming out of the toilets. “Wastewater” comprises a mixture of compounds in solid form and compounds in dissolved form in liquid medium.
• pretreated water is understood to mean wastewater which has undergone pretreatment.
• the purpose of this pretreatment is to remove coarse solids in flotation, suspension, sands and excess grease and oil.
• Pretreated water is generally obtained either by screening the effluents, that is to say by eliminating, by passing through a screen, the larger materials contained in the waste water, or by phase separation, that is to say by settling of the solid compounds and flotation of oils and fats then liquefaction.
• treated pre-treated water which has been sanitized.
• the “treated water” is sanitized, so that it can be discharged into nature without risking polluting aquatic environments, in particular the water table.
• “treated water” is sanitized, with a concentration of pollutants admissible for their discharge directly into nature.
• the "treated water” can be reused, that is to say return to a collective or individual housing network, for example to supply a hunting. toilet water.
• micro-treatment plants existing soil treatment devices such as spreading trenches, reconstituted soil treatment devices such as sand filters, compact filters, or planted filter devices.
• micro-treatment plants ensure both the pre-treatment of wastewater in an all-water tank, then its treatment in different
• Small wastewater treatment plants consist of a first pre-treatment compartment ensuring the separation of solid and liquid compounds contained in the wastewater.
• This first compartment acts as an all-water tank.
• a liquid effluent At the outlet of this first compartment, there is a liquid effluent.
• the liquid effluent is suitable for undergoing treatment in a second tank or compartment called a "biological reactor".
• a biological reactor Within the biological reactor, thanks to the bacterial growth in an aerobic and / or anaerobic medium, the liquid effluent is degraded and depolluted so as to obtain "treated water". The latter can be rejected in nature.
• the first compartment stores the sludge produced during the second phase of treatment.
• VSATs have several disadvantages.
• the degradation sludge produced and accumulated in the all-water tank is odorous because of its fermentable nature.
• it is necessary to remove them regularly by performing a maintenance drain generally every 6 months to 4 years.
• a regular supply of wastewater to the VSAT is necessary so that the bacteria have a regular supply of nutrients necessary for their growth, this growth being essential for the treatment of wastewater.
• a long lack of wastewater supply affects the operation of the VSAT. Thus, if the inhabitants of a building are absent for whatever reason, the small wastewater treatment plant may malfunction due to a lack of supply.
• VSAT VSAT maintenance and upkeep of a VSAT is time consuming and expensive.
• the pretreated water is conducted to the sand filter for treatment.
• the water is purified using the micro
• the sand filter consists of a layer of gravel, in which the spreading pipes are inserted to ensure the distribution of the pretreated water, and consists of a filter bed made up of sand, the site of the purification processes.
• a sand filter buried in the ground as a means of filtration to treat water generates a risk of clogging of the filter which then loses its operating efficiency over time.
• the sand filter is directly buried in the soil, the lack of oxygen and the addition of organic matter in the sand causes clogging.
• the pretreated water can be conducted towards the spreading trenches.
• the pretreated water is purified by physical filtration of the soil and the action of soil microorganisms.
• PE Equivalent Inhabitants
• the trenches have a depth of 50 cm to 1 m and that the soil has physico-chemical characteristics allowing the growth of micro
• the unit of measurement of m 2 / pe corresponds to the floor area necessary for the treatment device to treat polluted water, generated by a person living in a habitat, and transform it into water processed.
• the compact filters mainly operate in an aerobic environment.
• compact filters means devices arranged at the outlet of an all-water tank and made up of a filtration unit which may be composed of a wide variety of materials, organic, inorganic or synthetic, such as zeolite filters, coconut filters, wool filters. rock...
• a filtration unit which may be composed of a wide variety of materials, organic, inorganic or synthetic, such as zeolite filters, coconut filters, wool filters. rock...
• Compact filters require an all-water inlet tank for the pre-treatment and settling. However, the all-water tank gives off foul odors due to the production of fermentation gas by the sludge that must be eliminated. This sludge must also be emptied regularly.
• compact filters in particular those comprising a material
• inorganic or synthetic require a change and renewal of the filter material which is expensive.
• the used inorganic or synthetic materials, removed during the maintenance of compact filters, also pose problems in terms of management and from an ecological point of view since they are not biodegradable and not recoverable.
• vertical flow planted filters are capable of carrying out both pre-treatment and wastewater treatment.
• the technology of planted filters no longer requires the association with an all-water tank.
• planted filter technology does not require, like VSATs, the presence of a first integrated compartment playing the role of an all-water tank.
• the filter bed is made up of inorganic aggregates, of different grain sizes, in which plants, especially reeds, grow.
• the development of a dense network of rhizomes and plant roots makes it possible to provide the filter bed with an excellent support for the biomass participating in the purification process.
• These plants, in particular the reeds also play an indirect mechanical role in the mineralization of the sludge, and promote the percolation of the interstitial water by unclogging the surface of the filter bed.
• the pore water will be drained along the roots towards the base of the massive.
• the suspended solids are retained on the surface and gradually accumulate. Filtration of these solids by
• suspension is ensured by the installation of materials of suitable particle size to retain organic and inorganic matter.
• filters planted with reeds There are two types of filters planted with reeds: filters planted with
• Planted filter technology is based on aerobic biological purification in fine granular media.
• the footprint is generally substantial, between 1, 5 and 4 m 2 per PE depending on the characteristics and arrangements of the filters.
• a water supply beforehand for planted filters with horizontal flow, a water supply beforehand
• each stage comprising at least two filtering units arranged in parallel, the latter operating alternately at the level of the same stage.
• One or the other of the first stage filter beds is fed by tarpaulins.
• the wastewater arrives alternately on one or the other of the filter mass of the 1st stage, so that the effluent percolates vertically through the substrate of the filter mass of the 1st stage.
• the effluent at the outlet corresponds either to pre-treated water or to treated water.
• This second floor also comprises at least two filtering masses arranged in parallel which are supplied alternately by tarpaulin.
• the rest or alternation phases are essential for the proper functioning of the system, its reliability and its durability over time.
• the alternation of supply to the filter blocks arranged in parallel makes it possible to put the filter blocks at rest for periods generally varying from 3 days to 1 week.
• the rest period of a filter bed thus allows the accumulated suspended matter to dry and to mineralize, therefore to drastically reduce in volume.
• the rate of accumulation of suspended matter on a vertical flow filter is of the order of 1 cm / year.
• Document FR 2 975 390 discloses an example of a device for purifying domestic wastewater using the technology of filters planted at
• This document discloses a device for purifying domestic wastewater comprising a means for supplying domestic wastewater leading to an inclined supply ramp, which cooperates, at a 1st floor, with at least a 1st planted vertical flow filter.
• the latter leads to a tipping bucket system which surmounts a tank.
• This tank feeds, at a 2nd stage, at least one 2nd filter planted vertical flow.
• This 2nd filter planted vertical flow leads to additional purification means at a 3 rd.
• Additional can consist of a planted filter with horizontal flow.
• the inclined feed ramp is provided with rollers in the bottom so as to allow a coarse screening of wastewater, as well as aeration and disintegration of suspended solids to form solid particles of smaller size ;
• the 1 st and 2 nd planted vertical flow filters allow aerobic biological treatment
• a plurality of 1 st planted filters with vertical flow and a plurality of 2 knots planted filters with vertical flow, with an alternating supply is a preferred embodiment
• the device for purifying domestic wastewater, from FR 2 975 390 has several disadvantages.
• the filter 1 has planted 1, 25 m in diameter at the top, the 2nd filter planted 1 m in diameter, the bucket may contain up to 80L, this excluding the space occupied by the ramp 'feed, supply lines and additional purification means.
• filter media persists, especially in the case of a continuous water supply.
• the cleaning of the sludge stagnant on the surface of the filter beds is undoubtedly necessary, and the untreated residues of solid matter are not easily recoverable in the bucket for recycling.
• the alternating feed must be controlled to respect the standing times of the beds and avoid their clogging.
• the device of document FR 2 975 390 is complicated and difficult to install, manage during processing and maintain. It generates foul odors, while
• the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, by providing a wastewater treatment structure.
• this pre-filter device on the one hand, is configured to transform waste water into pre-treated water and, on the other hand, comprises a sealed and closed pre-treatment tank, which is supplied with wastewater by the means of introducing wastewater, and which internalizes calibrated lignocellulosic compounds and aerobic microorganisms, - means of evacuating the pre-treated water which are configured to evacuate the pre-treated water outside the pre-filter device,
• At least one planted filter device with vertical flow which is configured to transform the pre-treated water into treated water, which is arranged in series and positioned downstream of said pre-filter device, which is supplied with pre-treated water by the discharge means pre-treated water,
• said planted vertical flow filter device comprises, on the one hand, means for distributing the pretreated water, which are positioned in the
• Said filter bed comprises at least three layers of minerals including a filter layer which is located in the upper part of the filter bed, a transition layer which is surmounted by the filter layer, and a draining layer which is surmounted by the transition layer and which is located in the lower part of the filter bed,
• the filter layer consists of a layer of sand with a grain size between 0 and 6 mm,
• the transition layer consists of a layer of gravel with a particle size between 2 and 10 mm
• the draining layer consists of a layer of coarse gravel with a grain size between 10 and 40 mm.
• the work of the invention comprises:
• the filter layer has a thickness between 20 and 50 cm
• the transition layer has a thickness of between 5 and 15 cm
• the draining layer has a thickness between 10 and 20 cm thick.
• the filter layer and / or the transition layer and / or the draining layer consists (s) of predominantly siliceous, non-calcareous, washed and rolled mineral materials.
• said filter bed comprises, above said filter layer, a sanitary protection layer at least partially covering said means for distributing the pretreated water.
• said means for introducing wastewater consist of a pipe, the outlet end of which, supplying the pre-treatment tank, is positioned above the upper surface of the lignocellulosic compounds at a height distance of between 30 and 60 cm.
• said means for introducing waste water and / or said means for removing pre-treated water include a lifting pump or a flushing structure.
• Lignocellulosics in the pre-treatment tank are in the form of an assembly of calibrated wood chips, between 30 and 60 cm thick.
• distribution of the pretreated water consist of a distribution ramp, preferably an H-shaped or I-shaped or U-shaped drain, placed directly on the filter layer.
• said pretreatment tank, internalizing lignocellulosic compounds and aerobic microorganisms further comprises earthworms.
• the present invention also relates to a method for sanitizing wastewater implemented by the sanitation structure 1 of the invention in which:
• the said pre-treatment tank is supplied directly with wastewater using the means of introduction
• the suspended matter of the wastewater is filtered and mineralized within said pre-treatment tank until pre-treated water is obtained at the bottom of the pre-treatment tank,
• said treated water is directed to the natural environment or to a domestic water recycling network.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the work
• wastewater treatment plant of the invention as a water purifier.
• Figure 1 schematically shows a sectional side view of the wastewater treatment structure according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• FIG.2 Figure 2 schematically shows a sectional side view of the prefilter device on lignocellulosic material according to the embodiment of Figure 1,
• Figure 3 shows schematically a top view of the
• Figure 4 shows schematically a sectional side view of the planted filter device with vertical flow of Figure 1
• Figure 5 shows schematically a top view of the
• the present invention relates to a work
• Said sanitation structure 1 is advantageously buried in the ground, at least in part, to maintain an aesthetic appearance.
• pre-filter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22 positioned upstream of at least one planted filter device with vertical flow 3.
• sanitation 1 consists of a pre-filter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22 positioned upstream of a planted filter device with vertical flow 3.
• said pre-filter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22 is configured to transform EU wastewater into EP pretreated water.
• said at least one planted vertical flow filter device 3 is configured to transform the EP pretreated water into ET treated water.
• the pre-filter device 2 and, the planted filter device (s) with vertical flow 3 are arranged in series, one after the other, and are all preferably buried in the ground.
• said at least one planted vertical flow filter device 3 is arranged in series with said prefilter device 2 on material
• vertical flow 3 is also positioned downstream of said prefilter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
• said pre-filter device 2 is supplied with EU wastewater: - either by gravity in the case of sloping land with a slope of at least 2 to 3%;
• a lifting means such as, for example, a lifting pump.
• Inert lignocellulosic 22 comprises means 4 for introducing EU wastewater.
• Said introduction means 4 feed EU wastewater to said prefilter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22.
• Said introduction means 4 are configured to inject the waste water EU, over the water when the feed is gravity or at constant volume and by controlling the flow when the feed is performed by means of a lifting pump, in a pre-treatment tank 21.
• the means of introduction 4 consist for example of a pipe
• the introduction means 4 can also be provided with "jet breaker” devices and anti-scour plates making it possible to guarantee the good distribution of the EU wastewater on the inert lignocellulosic material 22.
• the means 4 for introducing EU wastewater comprise a lifting pump or a flushing structure.
• said pre-treatment tank 21 is sealed and closed, so as to avoid the emanation of foul odors.
• said pre-treatment tank 21 is buried in the ground, so as to keep the aesthetics of the land and so that it is not visible to users.
• the pretreatment tank 21 comprises one or more opening means 23, of the unscrewed cover type. These opening means 23 allow an operator to access the interior of the tank 21 if necessary. These opening means 23 are accessible at the surface of the ground. For example, the opening means 23 allow an operator to remove all or part of the inert lignocellulosic material 22 contained inside the tank 21, to revalue them as compost.
• said pretreatment tank 21 is filled with material
• lignocellulosic 22 inert.
• said material is non-living.
• inert lignocellulosic material is understood to mean a material which comprises liqnocellulosic compounds devoid of specific activity and which are inherently dead.
• said inert lignocellulosic material 22 comprises calibrated non-living lignocellulosic compounds.
• the calibrated non-living lignocellulosic compounds consist of an assembly or clusters of calibrated residues of wood such as platelets.
• the wood although coming from a living organism, once in the form of a "plate” that is to say when the tree is dead and cut, is part of the calibrated non-living lignocellulosic compounds within the meaning of 'invention.
• the cluster of inert lignocellulosic material 22 has a thickness of between 30 and 60 cm.
• the size of each of the wood chips is between 20 and 100 mm long maximum, beyond the filtration of the water is not efficient.
• the pre-treatment tank 21 containing a mixture of several
• Wood chips in the form of 2-10 cm chips, is an ideal aerated medium for the growth of aerobic microorganisms. These allow in particular the mineralization of solids contained in EU wastewater and the composting process.
• inert has the advantage of being eco-responsible because wood is a 100% biodegradable and renewable compound.
• the pretreatment tank 21 comprises and internalizes aerobic microorganisms. These the latter have a growth which takes place in an aerobic environment, that is to say in the presence of oxygen.
• An aerobic growth of microorganisms has the advantage of avoiding unpleasant odors and the release of greenhouse gases, elements that one could have for example with fermentation products under growth conditions anaerobic, as in an all water tank for example.
• the multiplication of aerobic microorganisms takes place on non-living calibrated lignocellulosic compounds 22 which serve as a support for microbial growth.
• the growth of aerobic microorganisms, on the inanimate calibrated lignocellulosic compounds 22 in the presence of EU wastewater allows mineralization of the organic matter.
• Simple mineral compounds have the advantage of being assimilable by plants, in particular reeds, and of being soluble in the liquid effluents passing through the pre-treatment tank 21 from top to bottom.
• the simple mineral compounds are found in the EP pretreated water at the outlet of the pretreatment tank 21.
• said pre-treatment tank 21 may include earthworms capable of growing on the inert cellulose material 22, in particular on the surface of the wood chips.
• earthworms make it possible to degrade the solids contained in EU wastewater, but also to aerate, by their
• earthworms feed on the organic matter deposited on the surface of the inert lignocellulosic material 22 and mineralize it directly. The presence of earthworms makes the process of mineralization by aerobic microorganisms more efficient.
• the pre-filter device 2 on lignocellulosic material 22 also comprises ventilation means 24.
• the ventilation means 24 consist of chimneys
• the solids contained in the waste water EU, arriving within the pre-treatment tank 21, will accumulate over time on the surface of the inert lignocellulosic material 22, that is to say. ie wood chips, then mineralize.
• the pre-filter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22 makes it possible to screen the solids present in the EU wastewater.
• Inert lignocellulosic 22 acts as a phase separator for the incoming EU wastewater. Indeed, the solids remain on the surface of the wood chips, while the dissolved constituents of the EU wastewater will percolate towards the bottom of the pre-treatment tank 21. The constituents of EU wastewater, mineralized by microorganisms, emerge. on means of evacuation 5 of pre-treated water EP.
• the means 5 for discharging the pre-treated EP water are configured to discharge the pre-treated EP water outside the pre-filter device 2.
• pretreated EP contain only simple mineral compounds assimilable by plants.
• the book 1 of the invention it is possible to recover the excess solids at the surface of the inert lignocellulosic material 22. Recovery can be done by opening the opening means 23 of the pre-treatment tank 21.
• the excess solids can be reused and 100% natural. For example, the excess solids can be used as garden compost.
• the wood chips also being a biodegradable and compostable material, they will undergo a mineralization process over time, in the same way as the solid organic matter resulting from EU wastewater.
• the sanitation structure of the invention through its pre-filter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22 allows a valuation of sludge and inert lignocellulosic material 22 itself in compost
• top of the inert lignocellulosic material 22 of the outlet of the means 4 for introducing wastewater EU has a height "h" of between 30 and 60 cm, as shown in Figure 2.
• the contrast of 30 to 60 cm allows a uniform distribution of the waste water EU on the surface of the inert lignocellulosic material 22.
• the distance separating the inlet pipe for wastewater EU into the pre-treatment tank 21, with the upper surface of the inert lignocellulosic material 22 is to be taken into consideration for the sustainability of the 'work.
• the contrast of 30 to 60 cm, constituting an accumulation space for the organic material makes it possible to avoid the phenomenon of clogging of the inert lignocellulosic material 22 within the pretreatment tank 21.
• the other hand makes it possible to create a jet of waste water EU on the surface of the inert lignocellulosic material 22 which will aerate the waste water and stir up the sludge deposit that may form on the upper layer of the inert lignocellulosic material 22, so as to prevent 'it does not agglomerate, while providing oxygen by physical displacement and surface eddies.
• EP pre-treated water outlet 5 consists of a drainage pipe.
• said drainage pipe is made of PVC, with a diameter greater than or equal to 100 mm, said pipe is traversed by slots having the role of collecting the EP pretreated water.
• the evacuation means 5 make it possible to collect the pretreated water EP at the bottom of the pretreatment tank 21.
• said means 5 for discharging the pre-treated water EP comprise a lifting pump or a flushing structure, so as to control the volume and the inlet flow rate of the pre-treated water.
• the transport of the EP pretreated water by the evacuation means 5 is done by gravity or by a hydraulic flushing device.
• the transport of the EP pretreated water by the evacuation means 5 is done using a lifting pump.
• Said lifting pump makes it possible to transport the pre-treated EP water directly to the single vertical flow planted filter device 3, or to the first vertical flow planted filter device 3 which is in the series.
• the sewage works 1 for EU wastewater comprises, downstream of the pre-filter device 2, said planted filter device with vertical flow 3.
• the flow of water to be treated is from upstream to downstream of the sanitation structure 1.
• the nature of the devices that the sanitation structure 1 comprises changes between upstream and downstream.
• said planted filter device with vertical flow 3 as shown in FIG. 5 comprises means 12 for distributing the pretreated water EP at the outlet of the discharge means 5.
• said means 12 for distributing the pre-treated EP water consist of a series of drains or distribution nozzles partially covering and in a homogeneous arrangement the upper surface of the planted filter device with vertical flow 3 .
• the distribution means 12 distribute the EP pretreated water on the surface of the filter unit of the planted filter device with vertical flow 3.
• filter bed is understood to mean the filter device planted at
• said semi-aquatic plant species 13 may be common reeds of the Phragmites australis type, sedges belonging to the Cyperaceae family, marsh irises, for example of the Iris type.
• the semi-aquatic plant species 13 such as
• said simple compounds consist of nutrients such as phosphorus or nitrogen but also of carbon molecules.
• said planted vertical flow filter device 3 consists of a single filter unit intended to treat the EP pretreated water from the Pre-filter device 2.
• the purification structure 1 of the waste water EU of the invention comprises a planted filter with vertical flow 3 which aims to finely and completely treat the pre-treated water EP.
• the planted vertical flow filter 3 requires only a single filter block to treat the EP pretreated water and not two filter blocks arranged in parallel operating alternately as in the prior art.
• the configuration of the drainage structure 1 is such that it is not necessary, in order to avoid clogging at the surface of the filter block, to have two filter blocks on the same stage supplied with alternation with water to be treated.
• the sanitation structure 1 makes it possible to structurally dissociate in two devices, communicating with each other, the pre-treatment phase and the wastewater treatment phase.
• the pretreatment phase in particular the treatment of the solids is not done in the same device, which makes it possible to recover the sludge in order to use it as compost without having to stop the operation of the system. .
• the drainage structure 1 can operate continuously without there being a risk of clogging of the filter bed.
• the foul odors are not present with the sanitation structure 1 of the invention because the pre-treatment tank 21 is sealed and closed, and there is no fermentation of the organic matter but a mineralization which gives off little or no odor.
• the filter bed only treats EP pretreated water, a rest phase is not necessary to avoid clogging of the bed, as is the obligation to have two beds in parallel operating alternately.
• the surface of the filter bed of the planted vertical flow filter device 3 is no longer necessary, since the solid organic matter arrives on the filter bed in the form of simple mineral compounds that can be assimilated by plants.
• the filter bed is not waterproof, which allows the treated water AND to infiltrate directly into the ground through the bottom of the filter bed.
• the soil is also partly involved in the treatment and purification of the water.
• this first embodiment is subject to site constraints, such as the permeability of the soil, the presence or not of the water table, local regulations in terms of water purification.
• the filter bed of the planted vertical flow filter device 3 is sealed, that is to say that it does not communicate directly with the ground. Thus, it is possible to recover the ET treated water at the bottom of the filter bed.
• the recovery of ET treated water is carried out, for example, using drainage means 7 for ET treated water.
• Said drainage means 7 are configured to drain the treated water AND out of said at least one planted filter device with vertical flow 3.
• a sealed filter unit makes it possible to recycle ET treated water.
• the treated water ET at the outlet of the drainage means 7, can be used as domestic water in the dwelling or also as water for watering a garden or the like.
• the drainage means 7 of the treated water ET make it possible to collect it, for example within a drain network to either reuse them as feed for a flushing toilet or throw them back into the natural environment.
• the filter bed allows in-situ treatment of EP pretreated water by
• said "filter bed” is a mineral substrate, which comprises at least three superimposed layers of minerals of different particle size, nature and thickness.
• said filter bed consists of three layers of minerals including a filter layer 8 in the upper part surmounted by a transition layer 9, the latter itself surmounting a draining layer 10 located in the lower part of the filter bed.
• the filter layer 8 consists of a layer of sand with a particle size of between 0 and 6 mm.
• Said filter layer 8 is the treatment layer for EP pretreated water, the fine grain size of the sand grains makes it possible to retain the fine particles remaining in the EP pretreated water.
• the sand constitutes a fixed growing medium.
• the bacteria developing around the grains of sand and around the roots of semi-aquatic plant species 13 provide the refined treatment of the EP pretreated water.
• the total thickness of the filter layer 8 is included
• the filter layer 8 consists of sand.
• Said sand of the filter layer 8 consists of mineral matter which is predominantly siliceous, non-calcareous, so as to ensure its durability over time.
• the water entering the filter bed can have an acidic pH. This acidity can lead over time to a risk of alteration of mineral materials, in particular if they are calcareous in nature.
• the sand of the filter layer 8 may deteriorate on contact with the EP pretreated water which may have an acidic pH. This is why it is preferable to use a non-calcareous sand less friable, more stable, in contact with acidic water.
• the filter layer 8 is washed / rolled.
• the mineral materials constituting the layer are washed, that is to say they are freed of their impurities and in particular of fine particles to avoid contamination of the water which is to be treated. and clogging of the mass by these same impurities.
• the mineral matter constituting the layer is rolled, that is, the grains are rounded through a process of erosion by water. Unlike grains with protruding ridges, a layer of mineral matter with rounded grains which are rolled helps promote the filtration process.
• the filter bed comprises a transition layer 9.
• the transition layer 9 is essential to structurally maintain the filter bed of the planted filter device with vertical flow 3.
• the transition layer 9 is essential to prevent the sand of the filtration layer 8 from coming into contact with the draining layer 10 defined subsequently.
• the transition layer 9 therefore has no effect as such in the treatment of EP pretreated water, but an effect on the maintenance of the structure of the filter bed.
• the transition layer 9 only allows the passage of liquid effluents to the draining layer 10.
• the transition layer 9 makes it possible to retain the filter layer 8 so that the sand does not end up at the level of the draining layer 10 as the EP pretreated water passes.
• transition 9 has a thickness of between 5 and 15 cm and consists of a mixture of gravel with a particle size of between 2 and 10 mm.
• the transition layer 9 is also preferably made of siliceous, non-calcareous mineral materials, with washed and rolled grains.
• draining layer 10 The role of the draining layer 10 is to drain the treated water AND in order to collect it towards the drainage means 7 as visible in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 4. The draining layer 10 therefore opens onto the drainage means. 7.
• ET treated water can be discharged into the natural environment or even recovered for recycling, for example to water the garden or to supply household devices for household use of the flushing toilet type after additional treatment of disinfection.
• drainage 10 has a thickness of between 10 and 40 cm thick, preferably between 10 and 20 cm thick and consists of coarse gravel with a grain size of between 10 and 40 mm.
• Drainage layer 10 is also preferably made of siliceous, non-calcareous inorganic materials with washed and rolled grains.
• the water drainage means 5 is a specific feature of the invention.
• pretreated EP open directly and merge with the means 12 for distributing the pretreated EP water, so that the prefilter device 2 communicates directly with the upper part of the filter bed, near the ground surface, that the planted flow filter device comprises 3.
• the distribution means 12 of the EP pretreated water are positioned in the extension of said discharge means 5. More specifically, these distribution means 12 are supplied by these discharge means 5.
• the distribution means 12 consist for example of a single drain placed on the surface of the filter layer 8.
• the means 12 for distributing the EP pretreated water consist of an H-shaped or U-shaped ramp placed on the surface of the filter layer 8 so as to distribute uniformly over the massive filtering pre-treated EP water.
• the feed of EP pretreated water consists of a gravity feed.
• the means 12 for distributing the EP pretreated water consist of PVC-type pipes having a minimum diameter of 100 mm, in order to avoid obstruction of the pipe and a lack of fluidity.
• the supply of EP pretreated water consists of a supply by lift pump and under pressure.
• the means 12 for distributing the EP pretreated water preferably consist of pressure PVC type pipes having a minimum diameter of 50 mm, in order to avoid obstruction of the pipe and a lack of fluidity.
• the filter unit of the device vertical flow planted filter 3 may further include a sanitary protection layer 11.
• Said sanitary protective layer 11 has the role of at least partially covering said distribution means 12 of the pre-treated water EP, so as to keep them in position against the filter layer 8.
• the protective layer sanitary 1 1 also makes it possible to prevent unauthorized persons, for example children, from having access to the distribution means 12 and from being in contact with the EP pretreated water.
• the sanitary protection layer 1 1 also makes it possible to visually conceal the distribution means 12, so that the planted filter device with vertical flow 3 remains aesthetic by showing only the semi-aquatic plant species 13.
• the sanitary protective layer 1 1 is not compulsory and has no functional role in the filtration and treatment of EP pretreated water, it is of interest for the implementation of the work of sanitation 1.
• sanitary protection 1 1 has a thickness between 10 and 20 cm, and consists of coarse gravel with a grain size of between 10 and 40 mm.
• the present invention also relates to a wastewater purification process implemented by the purification structure 1 in which:
• the said pre-treatment tank (21) is supplied directly with waste water (EU) using the introduction means (4),
• said treated water is directed to the natural environment or to a domestic water recycling network.
• domestic for example, consists of a network for the circulation of treated water (ET) to the home of the piping type allowing to operate a toilet flush after additional treatment of the type
• ET treated water
• said sanitation structure 1 can be used as a water purifier, more specifically as a purifier of domestic EU wastewater into treated water AND intended to be discharged into a natural environment or to be recycled. in a domestic water network circuit for certain regulated uses.
• the purpose of the sanitation structure 1 of the invention is to directly treat the EU wastewater leaving a dwelling, without it being necessary to have an all-water tank giving off foul odors. or a preliminary screening before treatment.
• the sanitation structure 1 makes it possible to transform directly and on its own, the EU wastewater into EP pretreated water and then into ET treated water.
• the process of transformation and treatment of water can be carried out continuously, without it being necessary to have rest phases of filtration of the filtering mass of the planted filter device with vertical flow 3.
• a supply of continuous flow of the planted filter device with vertical flow 3 is possible because the risk of clogging of the upper surface of the filter unit supplied only with pre-treated EP water is zero.
• a continuous supply of the prefilter device 2 does not pose any problem of clogging of the prefilter.
• the process of transformation and treatment of water can also be done discontinuously, without there being a problem of loss of efficiency of the filtration activity of the prefilter device 2 or of stagnation of organic matter. on the surface of the filtering mass of the planted filter device 3.
• the sanitation structure is autonomous in its operation, no surface cleaning is necessary, a discontinuous supply of EU wastewater does not generate no malfunction in the water treatment.
• the sanitation structure of the invention requires a smaller deployment surface on the ground.
• the deployment surface on the ground for a wastewater treatment device can be expressed in m 2 / pe called "square meter per Inhabitant Equivalent”.
• the m 2 / pe unit of measurement corresponds to the floor area necessary for the treatment device to treat the polluted water generated by a person living in a habitat.
• the m 2 / pe allow the dimensioning of the
• EH Inhabitant Equivalent
• the drainage structure 1 requires only 0.5 to 1 m 2 / pe for its planted filter device vertical flow 3 and from 0.25 to 1 m 2 / pe for the prefilter device 2 on inert lignocellulosic material 22.
• the sanitation structure 1 makes it possible to reduce the m 2 / pe necessary for the treatment of wastewater EU compared with the devices for treating wastewater EU of the prior art.
• the sanitation structure 1 of the invention makes it possible to dispense with an all-water tank, a step of prior screening of organic matter, a step of cleaning the filter block for the planted filter device with vertical flow, the establishment of an alternating supply system, a system to control the water flow and volume of incoming water and the physicochemical conditions of the soil.
• the sanitation structure 1 therefore consists of a wastewater treatment solution that is at the same time efficient, simple, reliable and ecological, making it possible to have compost that can be used in the field.

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• 2019
  • 2019-08-01 FR FR1908863A patent/FR3099473B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-07-16 EP EP20739715.9A patent/EP4007741A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-07-16 WO PCT/EP2020/070218 patent/WO2021018629A1/fr unknown

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