EP4003678A1 - Composite wood material - Google Patents

Composite wood material

Info

Publication number
EP4003678A1
EP4003678A1 EP20739976.7A EP20739976A EP4003678A1 EP 4003678 A1 EP4003678 A1 EP 4003678A1 EP 20739976 A EP20739976 A EP 20739976A EP 4003678 A1 EP4003678 A1 EP 4003678A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
layers
composite material
fabric
veneer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20739976.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Wascher
Georg Avramidis
Wolfgang Viöl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hawk Hochschule Fuer Angewandte Wss und Kunst Hildesheim / Holzminden / Goettingen
Hochschule fuer Angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst Hildesheim Holzminden Gottingen
Original Assignee
Hawk Hochschule Fuer Angewandte Wss und Kunst Hildesheim / Holzminden / Goettingen
Hochschule fuer Angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst Hildesheim Holzminden Gottingen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hawk Hochschule Fuer Angewandte Wss und Kunst Hildesheim / Holzminden / Goettingen, Hochschule fuer Angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst Hildesheim Holzminden Gottingen filed Critical Hawk Hochschule Fuer Angewandte Wss und Kunst Hildesheim / Holzminden / Goettingen
Publication of EP4003678A1 publication Critical patent/EP4003678A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/088—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of non-plastics material or non-specified material, e.g. supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/685—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by laminating inserts between two plastic films or plates
    • B29C70/687—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by laminating inserts between two plastic films or plates the inserts being oriented, e.g. nets or meshes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/72—Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/10—Next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/08—Impregnating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/14—Printing or colouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0082—Plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/08—Coating on the layer surface on wood layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/026—Wood layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B32B2262/065—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/708—Isotropic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2479/00—Furniture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/12—Ships

Definitions

  • Wood composite materials The material wood itself is anisotropic and has different physical properties depending on its type, origin and age. This also applies to widespread
  • Wood-based materials such as plywood and especially plywood.
  • plywood there is usually at least three veneers that cross one another in the grain direction, which are impregnated with synthetic resins and pressed together with certain
  • Temperatures are glued to plates.
  • the structure of a plywood panel is symmetrical to the middle layer, with the face veneers showing the direction of the fibers and thus indicating the direction for the orthotropic properties.
  • Typical for plywood for example, are the significant differences in the directional dependence of the grain:
  • the tensile strength tensile and shear strengths
  • the tensile strength are usually significantly higher in the grain direction of the top layers than in the opposite grain direction ("across the grain") of the top layers. This means that the material is not isotropic in terms of its mechanical properties and its use in certain structural measures is restricted.
  • the task is thus to create new wood composite materials, in particular wood composite materials consisting of renewable raw materials, in which the anisotropy is reduced.
  • Wood composite proposed comprising
  • both the wood veneer layers and the fabric layer (s) are glued, preferably impregnated, with a binding agent.
  • the wood composite material can be produced from renewable raw materials
  • the wood composite material can have a significantly higher dimensional stability and weather resistance as well as a lower susceptibility to biological degradation than non-modified plywood
  • the wood composite material shows less variance than conventional ply wood with mechanical loading
  • Wood veneer refers in particular to layers of wood with a thickness of> 0.5 mm to ⁇
  • wood particularly preferred types are ash (Fraxinus), birch (Betula) and beech
  • Fabric layer is understood to mean in particular woven textiles, preferably those in which the fibers intersect at an angle of approximately 90 °.
  • the fabric layer preferably consists essentially of a cellulosic fiber.
  • Essentially in the context of the present invention means a proportion of> 95% (if applicable weight / weight), preferably> 97%, even more preferably> 99%.
  • Preferred cellulose-containing fibers are natural fibers, in particular from linseed plants (Linum usitatissimum, Linum angustifolium or Cannabis sativa), i.e. flax or hemp. Most preferred is flax.
  • the thickness of the fabric layers is preferably between> 0.2 mm to ⁇ 8 mm, with thicknesses (before pressing) of> 0.4 mm to ⁇ 2 mm, in particular> 0.5 mm to ⁇ 1.2 mm, the most common are preferred.
  • the fibers of the fabric layer preferably have an average length which is at least half of the longest side of the respective fabric layer.
  • the wood composite material comprises more than two layers of wood veneer.
  • not all veneers are arranged parallel to one another, i.e. the wood fibers which form the respective veneer layer do not run in the same or essentially the same direction.
  • a fabric layer is arranged between all the wood foils.
  • the invention is not restricted to this; it is then alternatively a preferred embodiment that the number of fabric layers is at least half the number of wood veneer layers.
  • Layer structure of the wood composite material is symmetrical to the middle layer.
  • the wood composite material comprises two layers of wood veneer
  • the two foam layers are arranged parallel or essentially parallel to one another.
  • the wood foils like fabric layers are glued, preferably impregnated, with binding agent.
  • binders are in particular thermoplastics, thermosets, aminoplasts, phenoplasts, isocyanates, proteins, tannins, starch, synthetic binders or near-natural binders, Biodegradable adhesives or mixtures of binders, such as urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, melamine-reinforced urea-formaldehyde resin, tannin formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, polymeric diphenyl in ethane diisocyanate or mixtures thereof are preferred.
  • Particularly preferred binders are melamine-containing binders.
  • the wood veneer and fabric layers were subjected to a plasma treatment before the gluing or impregnation.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing a wood composite material according to the invention, comprising the steps
  • the method also comprises a step al) which is carried out after step a): al) plasma treatment of the wood veneer and fabric layers
  • a dielectrically impeded discharge is understood to mean, in particular, a discharge that occurs in a gas when a voltage is applied to the electrodes used, at least one electrode having to be coated with a dielectric. Due to dielectric barriers, the energy coupling into the Discharge has a capacitive character, so that the charge transfer and the flow of current are limited. When a voltage is applied to a given geometry, an electric field is created in which electrons are first driven to the anode.
  • transient micro-discharges conductive plasma channels
  • the ions retain their stationary position to a certain extent due to their low mobility or move slowly.
  • the charge separation creates a surface charge on the dielectric surfaces.
  • the electric field induced thereby counteracts the externally applied field.
  • the pulse length of a DBD discharge is limited in time (depending on the parameters between approx. 10 ns and 100 ns).
  • a DBD discharge is referred to as a non-equilibrium plasma and a "cold plasma ".
  • An atmospheric pressure plasma is preferably used in step al).
  • the present invention also relates to a use of a
  • wood composite material according to the invention in and / or at:
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the density of the wood composite material according to a
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the tensile strength of the wood composite material and of the reference example from FIG. 1, in each case in the longitudinal and transverse directions; such as
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the tensile shear strength of the wood composite material and of the reference example from FIGS. 1 and 2, in each case in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • Thermally modified beech veneers (1.2 mm thick) and flax fabric (0.6 mm thick before pressing) with the dimensions 300 * 300 mm 2 were used as the starting material for the new wood composite material.
  • a melamine resin solution with a solids content of 50% was used as a binder
  • the veneers and the flax fabric underwent a plasma treatment according to Wascher et al, Holztechnologie 2016, 12ff. subjected, the plasma treatment time was 5 seconds.
  • the panels were then made.
  • the panels were produced by pressing the prepared semi-finished products (impregnated veneers or impregnated flax fabric) in a hydraulic heating press at a pressure of 250 N / cm 2 , a feed rate of 3 min / mm and a temperature of 130 ° C.
  • Fig. 2 shows the tensile strength
  • Fig. 3 shows the tensile shear strength of the two plates, measured on the basis of DIN 52377 and DIN EN 314-1 / 2, in each case in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the wood composite material according to the invention shows a slight improvement in the samples “across the fiber” (direction of pull) and a slight decrease in tensile strength “along the fiber”. If the directions of pull within the same material are considered, a clear leveling of the tensile strength depending on the direction of pull compared to the reference can be observed with the material according to the invention.
  • the example according to the invention shows a significant increase in the tensile shear force compared to the reference, while this test also shows a decrease in the tensile shear strength along the fiber.
  • the reference shows a compared to the tensile strength

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite wood material that comprises layers of wood veneer and of natural fiber fabric.

Description

Holzkompositwerkstoff B e s c h r e i b u n g Wood composite material D e ctio n g
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Holzwerkstoffe und The present invention relates to the field of wood materials and
Holzkompositwerkstoffe Der W erkstoff Holz selb st i st ani sotrop und wei st j e nach Art, Herkunft und Alter unterschiedliche physikalische Eigenschaften auf. Dies gilt auch für verbreitete Wood composite materials The material wood itself is anisotropic and has different physical properties depending on its type, origin and age. This also applies to widespread
Holzwerkstoffe wie z.B. bei Lagenholz und hier insbesondere Sperrholz. Bei Sperrholz handelt es sich dabei gängigerweise um mindestens drei sich im Faserverlauf kreuzende Furniere, welche mit Kunstharzen imprägniert und durch Verpressen bei bestimmten Wood-based materials such as plywood and especially plywood. In the case of plywood, there is usually at least three veneers that cross one another in the grain direction, which are impregnated with synthetic resins and pressed together with certain
Temperaturen zu Platten verklebt sind. Der Aufbau einer Sperrholzplatte ist zur Mittellage symmetrisch, wobei die Deckfurniere gleichgerichteten Faserverlauf aufweisen und damit die Richtung für die orthotropen Eigenschaften angibt. Temperatures are glued to plates. The structure of a plywood panel is symmetrical to the middle layer, with the face veneers showing the direction of the fibers and thus indicating the direction for the orthotropic properties.
Typisch für z.B. Sperrholz sind die signifikanten Unterschiede in der Richtungsabhängigkeit des Faserverlaufs: Die Zugfestigkeit (Zug- und Scherzugfestigkeiten) sind in Faserrichtung der Decklagen meistens deutlich höher als in Gegen-Faserrichtung („quer zur Faser“) der Decklagen. Somit ist der Werkstoff bezüglich seiner mechanischen Eigenschaften nicht isotrop und in der Verwendung bei bestimmten baulichen Maßnahmen eingeschränkt. Es stellt sich somit die Aufgabe, neue Holzkompositwerkstoffe, insbesondere aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen bestehende Holzkompositwerkstoffe zu schaffen, bei denen die Anisotropie vermindert ist. Typical for plywood, for example, are the significant differences in the directional dependence of the grain: The tensile strength (tensile and shear strengths) are usually significantly higher in the grain direction of the top layers than in the opposite grain direction ("across the grain") of the top layers. This means that the material is not isotropic in terms of its mechanical properties and its use in certain structural measures is restricted. The task is thus to create new wood composite materials, in particular wood composite materials consisting of renewable raw materials, in which the anisotropy is reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Holz- und/oder Holzkompositwerkstoff gemäß Anspruch 1 der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst. Demgemäß wird ein Holz und/oder This object is achieved by a wood and / or wood composite material according to claim 1 of the present invention. Accordingly, a wood and / or
Holzkompositwerkstoff vorgeschlagen, umfassend Wood composite proposed comprising
- mindestens zwei Lagen Holzfumier, sowie - at least two layers of wood veneer, as well
- mindestens eine, zwischen zwei Lagen Holzfumier angeordnete Gewebelage, umfassend eine zellulosehaltige Faser - At least one fabric layer arranged between two layers of wood veneer, comprising a cellulose-containing fiber
wobei sowohl die Holzfurnierlagen wie die Gewebelage(n) mit einem Bindemittel beleimt, vorzugsweise imprägniert sind. wherein both the wood veneer layers and the fabric layer (s) are glued, preferably impregnated, with a binding agent.
Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, dass so ein Holzkompositwerkstoff erhalten werden kann, bei der die Anisotropie zumindest einiger mechanischer Eigenschaften vermindert ist. Surprisingly, it has been found that such a wood composite material can be obtained in which the anisotropy of at least some mechanical properties is reduced.
Weiterhin hat es sich herausgestellt, dass für die meisten Anwendungen der vorliegenden Erfindung einer oder mehrere der folgenden Vorteile erzielt werden kann: Furthermore, it has been found that for most applications of the present invention one or more of the following advantages can be achieved:
- Der Holzkompositwerkstoff ist aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen herstellbar - The wood composite material can be produced from renewable raw materials
- Der Holzkompositwerkstoff kann eine signifikant höhere Dimensionsstabilität und Witterungsbeständigkeit sowie eine geringere Suszeptibilität gegenüber biologische Degradierung als nicht modifiziertes Lagenholz besitzen - The wood composite material can have a significantly higher dimensional stability and weather resistance as well as a lower susceptibility to biological degradation than non-modified plywood
- Der Holzkompositwerkstoff weist bei mechanischer Bealstung eine geringere Varianz auf als herkömmliches Lagenholz - The wood composite material shows less variance than conventional ply wood with mechanical loading
- Man beobachtet häufig eine Nivellierung der für Schichtholzerzeugnisse typischen, orthotropi sehen Differenzen. Diese Nivellierung der orthotropi sehen Unterschiede sowie die genannte Homogenisierung kann vor allem in konstruktiven Bereichen (Automotive, Leichtbau, Bau etc.), bei denen richtungsunabhängige Materialeigenschaften von großer Bedeutung sind, das Anwendungsportfolio für diesen Werkstoff— im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Lagenholzprodukten— deutlich erweitern. - One often observes a leveling of the orthotropic differences typical of laminated wood products. This leveling of the orthotropi see differences as well as the mentioned homogenization can above all in constructive areas (automotive, lightweight construction, building etc.), with which direction-independent Material properties are of great importance and significantly expand the application portfolio for this material compared to conventional laminated wood products.
Unter "Holzfumier" werden insbesondere Holzschichten mit einer Dicke von > 0,5 mm bis <"Wood veneer" refers in particular to layers of wood with a thickness of> 0.5 mm to <
8 mm verstanden, wobei Dicken von > 0,8 mm bis < 2 mm, insbesondere > 1 mm bis < 1,5 mm besonders bevorzugt sind. 8 mm, with thicknesses of> 0.8 mm to <2 mm, in particular> 1 mm to <1.5 mm, being particularly preferred.
Besonders bevorzugte Holzarten sind dabei Esche ( Fraxinus ), Birke {Betula), Buche Particularly preferred types of wood are ash (Fraxinus), birch (Betula) and beech
( Fagaceae ), Erle {Ainus), Linde {Tilia), Ahorn {Acer), Eibe {Taxus), Kiefer {Pinus) oder Eiche {Quercus). (Fagaceae), alder {Ainus), linden {Tilia), maple {Acer), yew {Taxus), pine {Pinus) or oak {Quercus).
Unter "Gewebelage" werden insbesondere gewebte Textilien verstanden, bevorzugt solche, bei denen sich die Fasern im Winkel ca. 90° kreuzen verstanden. “Fabric layer” is understood to mean in particular woven textiles, preferably those in which the fibers intersect at an angle of approximately 90 °.
Bevorzugt bestehen die Gewebelage im Wesentlichen aus einer zellulosehaltigen Faser. The fabric layer preferably consists essentially of a cellulosic fiber.
„Im Wesentlichen“ im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet einen Anteil von >95 % (wenn anwendbar Gewicht/Gewicht), bevorzugt >97 %, noch bevorzugt >99 %. “Essentially” in the context of the present invention means a proportion of> 95% (if applicable weight / weight), preferably> 97%, even more preferably> 99%.
Bevorzugte zellulosehaltige Fasern sind dabei Naturfasern, insbesondere von Leinpflanzen {Linum usitatissimum, Linum angustifolium oder Cannabis sativa), d.h. Flachs oder Hanf. Am meisten bevorzugt ist Flachs. Preferred cellulose-containing fibers are natural fibers, in particular from linseed plants (Linum usitatissimum, Linum angustifolium or Cannabis sativa), i.e. flax or hemp. Most preferred is flax.
Die Dicke der Gewebelagen beträgt bevorzugt zwischen von > 0,2 mm bis < 8 mm, wobei Dicken (vor dem Pressen) von > 0,4 mm bis < 2 mm, insbesondere > 0,5 mm bis < 1,2 mm am meisten bevorzugt sind Die Fasern der Gewebelage besitzen bevorzugt eine mittlere Länge, die mindestens die Hälfte der längsten Seite der jeweiligen Gewebelage beträgt. The thickness of the fabric layers is preferably between> 0.2 mm to <8 mm, with thicknesses (before pressing) of> 0.4 mm to <2 mm, in particular> 0.5 mm to <1.2 mm, the most common are preferred The fibers of the fabric layer preferably have an average length which is at least half of the longest side of the respective fabric layer.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der Holzkompositwerkstoff mehr als zwei Lagen Holzfurnier. According to a preferred embodiment, the wood composite material comprises more than two layers of wood veneer.
In diesem Fall ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass nicht alle Furniere parallel zu einander angeordnet sind, d.h. die Holzfasern, welche die jeweilige Furnierschicht ausbilden nicht in dieselbe oder im wesentlichen dieselbe Richtung verlaufen. In this case, it is particularly preferred that not all veneers are arranged parallel to one another, i.e. the wood fibers which form the respective veneer layer do not run in the same or essentially the same direction.
Weiterhin ist es in diesem Fall eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, dass zwischen allen Holzfumi erlagen eine Gewebelage angeordnet ist. Furthermore, in this case, it is a preferred embodiment of the invention that a fabric layer is arranged between all the wood foils.
Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht darauf beschränkt, es ist dann alternativ eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform, dass die Anzahl der Gewebelagen mindestens die Hälfte der Anzahl der Holzfumierlagen beträgt. However, the invention is not restricted to this; it is then alternatively a preferred embodiment that the number of fabric layers is at least half the number of wood veneer layers.
In diesem Fall ist es dann eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung dass der In this case, it is then a preferred embodiment of the invention that the
Schichtaufbau des Holzkompositwerkstoffs zur Mittellage symmetrisch ist. Layer structure of the wood composite material is symmetrical to the middle layer.
Für den Fall, dass der Holzkompositwerkstoff zwei Lagen Holzfurnier umfasst, ist es bevorzugt, dass die beiden Fumierschicht parallel oder im wesentlichen parallel zu einander angeordnet sind. In the event that the wood composite material comprises two layers of wood veneer, it is preferred that the two foam layers are arranged parallel or essentially parallel to one another.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die Holzfumi er- wie Gewebelagen mit Bindemittel beleimt, vorzugsweise imprägniert. According to the present invention, the wood foils like fabric layers are glued, preferably impregnated, with binding agent.
Als Bindemittel sind insbesondere Thermoplasten, Duroplasten, Aminoplasten, Phenoplasten, Isocyanate, Proteine, Tannine, Stärke, synthetische Bindemittel oder natumahe Bindemittel, biologisch abbaubare Klebstoffe oder Mischungen von Bindemitteln, wie z.B. Harn stoffformaldehyd-Harz, Melaminformaldehyd-Harz, Melaminverstärktes Hamstoffform- aldehyd-Harz, Taninformaldehyd-Harz, Phenolformaldehydharz, polymeres Diphenyl in ethandiisocyanat oder Mischungen daraus bevorzugt. Besonders bevorzugte Bindemittel sind melaminhaltige Bindemittel. As binders are in particular thermoplastics, thermosets, aminoplasts, phenoplasts, isocyanates, proteins, tannins, starch, synthetic binders or near-natural binders, Biodegradable adhesives or mixtures of binders, such as urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, melamine-reinforced urea-formaldehyde resin, tannin formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, polymeric diphenyl in ethane diisocyanate or mixtures thereof are preferred. Particularly preferred binders are melamine-containing binders.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wurden die Holzfurnier- und Gewebelagen vor der Beleimung oder Imprägnierung einer Plasmabehandlung unterzogen. According to a preferred embodiment, the wood veneer and fabric layers were subjected to a plasma treatment before the gluing or impregnation.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich ebenfalls auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfmdungsgemäßen Holzkompositwerkstoffes, umfassend die Schritte The present invention also relates to a method for producing a wood composite material according to the invention, comprising the steps
a) Bereitstellen mindestens zwei Holzfumierlagen und einer Gewebelage, umfassend eine zellulosehaltige Faser a) Providing at least two wood veneer layers and one fabric layer comprising a cellulosic fiber
b) Imprägnieren der Holzfurnier- und Gewebelagen mit dem Bindemittel b) Impregnation of the wood veneer and fabric layers with the binding agent
c) Schichtweises Anordnen der Lagen so, dass jede Gewebelage zwischen zwei c) Arranging the layers in layers so that each fabric layer is between two
Holzfumierlagen angeordnet ist; sowie Holzfumierlagen is arranged; such as
d) Verpressen d) pressing
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst das Verfahren noch einen Schritt al) der nach Schritt a) durchgeführt wird: al) Plasmabehandlung der Holzfumier - und Gewebelagen According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method also comprises a step al) which is carried out after step a): al) plasma treatment of the wood veneer and fabric layers
Bevorzugt wird bei Schritt al) ein kaltes Plasma verwendet. Darunter wird insbesondere verstanden, dass das Plasma auf Basis einer dielektrisch behinderten Entladung (DBD = dielectric barrier discharge) erzeugt wird. Unter einer dielektrisch behinderten Entladung versteht man insbesondere eine Entladung, die in einem Gas beim Anlegen einer Spannung an die verwendeten Elektroden auftritt, wobei mindestens eine Elektrode mit einem Dielektrikum belegt sein muss. Bedingt durch dielektrische Barrieren, besitzt die Energieeinkopplung in die Entladung einen kapazitiven Charakter, sodass der Ladungstransfer und der Stromfluss begrenzt werden. Beim Anlegen einer Spannung an eine gegebene Geometrie entsteht ein elektrisches Feld, in dem Elektronen zunächst zur Anode getrieben werden. Beim Gasdurchbruch entstehen transiente Mikroentladungen (leitfähige Plasmakanäle), die innerhalb des Entladungsraumes zeitlich und räumlich stochastisch verteilt sind. Die Ionen behalten gewissermaßen ihre stationäre Position aufgrund ihrer geringen Mobilität bei bzw. bewegen sich langsam. Durch die Ladungstrennung entsteht eine Oberflächenladung auf den dielektrischen Oberflächen. Das dadurch induzierte elektrische Feld wirkt dem von außen angelegten Feld entgegen. Die Pulslänge einer DBD-Entladung ist zeitlich begrenzt (parameterabhängig zwischen ca. 10 ns und 100 ns). Aus diesem Grund sind für diese Entladungsform einerseits eine relativ hohe mittlere Elektronenenergie (1-10 eV) und anderseits eine niedrige Gastemperatur, die ungefähr der Temperatur der Elektroden gleicht, charakteristisch: Man spricht bei einer DBD-Entladung von einem Nichtgleichgewichtsplasma und einem„kalten Plasma“. A cold plasma is preferably used in step al). This is understood in particular to mean that the plasma is generated on the basis of a dielectrically impeded discharge (DBD = dielectric barrier discharge). A dielectrically impeded discharge is understood to mean, in particular, a discharge that occurs in a gas when a voltage is applied to the electrodes used, at least one electrode having to be coated with a dielectric. Due to dielectric barriers, the energy coupling into the Discharge has a capacitive character, so that the charge transfer and the flow of current are limited. When a voltage is applied to a given geometry, an electric field is created in which electrons are first driven to the anode. When a gas breakthrough, transient micro-discharges (conductive plasma channels) occur which are stochastically distributed in time and space within the discharge space. The ions retain their stationary position to a certain extent due to their low mobility or move slowly. The charge separation creates a surface charge on the dielectric surfaces. The electric field induced thereby counteracts the externally applied field. The pulse length of a DBD discharge is limited in time (depending on the parameters between approx. 10 ns and 100 ns). For this reason, a relatively high mean electron energy (1-10 eV) on the one hand and a low gas temperature, which is roughly the same as the temperature of the electrodes, on the other hand are characteristic of this form of discharge: A DBD discharge is referred to as a non-equilibrium plasma and a "cold plasma ".
Bevorzugt wird bei Schritt al) ein Atmosphrendruckplasma verwendet. An atmospheric pressure plasma is preferably used in step al).
Bevorzugt wird bei Schritt al) ein DBD-Plasma verwendet. Darunter wird insbesondere eine Plasmaerzeugung unter Zuhilfenahme einer dielektrisch behinderten Entladung (DBD = dielectric barrier discharge) verstanden. A DBD plasma is preferably used in step a1). This is understood to mean, in particular, plasma generation with the aid of a dielectrically impeded discharge (DBD = dielectric barrier discharge).
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass so die Imprägnierung auf einfache Weise, insbesondere bei den meisten Anwendungen ohne Vakuumbehandlung, durchgeführt werden kann. It has been found that in this way the impregnation can be carried out in a simple manner, in particular in most applications without vacuum treatment.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich ausserdem auf eine Verwendung eines The present invention also relates to a use of a
erfmdungsgemäßen Holzkompositwerkstoffs in und/oder bei: wood composite material according to the invention in and / or at:
konstruktiven Bereichen (Automotive, Leichtbau, Bau etc.), constructive areas (automotive, lightweight construction, construction etc.),
im Außenbereich (Fassaden, Bootsbau, Gartenmöbel) outdoors (facades, boat building, garden furniture)
in robuster Umgebung (Lagerhallen, Industriefahrzeuge etc.) Die vorgenannten sowie die beanspruchten und in den Ausführungsbeispielen beschriebenen erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bauteile unterliegen in ihrer Größe, Formgestaltung, Materialauswahl und technischen Konzeption keinen besonderen Ausnahmebedingungen, so dass die in dem Anwendungsgebiet bekannten Auswahlkriterien uneingeschränkt Anwendung finden können. in a robust environment (warehouses, industrial vehicles, etc.) The aforementioned, as well as the claimed and described in the exemplary embodiments components to be used according to the invention are not subject to any special exceptional conditions in terms of their size, shape, material selection and technical conception, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be used without restriction.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnungen, in denen - beispielhaft - ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Holzkompositwerkstoffs dargestellt sind. In den Zeichnungen zeigt: Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and from the following description of the associated drawings, in which - by way of example - an exemplary embodiment of the wood composite material according to the invention is shown. In the drawings shows:
Fig. 1 ein Diagramm, aufzeigend die Dichte des Holzkompositwerkstoffs gemäß einer Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the density of the wood composite material according to a
erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform sowie eines Referenzbeispiels, embodiment according to the invention and a reference example,
Fig. 2 ein Diagramm, aufzeigend die Zugfestigkeit des Holzkompositwerkstoffs sowie des Referenzbeispiels aus Fig. 1, jeweils in Längs- und Querrichtung; sowie FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the tensile strength of the wood composite material and of the reference example from FIG. 1, in each case in the longitudinal and transverse directions; such as
Fig. 3 ein Diagramm, aufzeigend die Scherzugfestigkeit des Holzkompositwerkstoffs sowie des Referenzbeispiels aus Fig. 1 und 2, jeweils in Längs- und Querrichtung. 3 is a diagram showing the tensile shear strength of the wood composite material and of the reference example from FIGS. 1 and 2, in each case in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand eines Beispiels erläutert, welches rein illustrativ und nicht als beschränkend zu verstehen ist. The present invention is explained using an example, which is to be understood as purely illustrative and not restrictive.
Als Ausgangswerkstoff des neuen Holzkompositwerkstoffs wurden thermisch modifizierte Buchenfurniere (1,2 mm Dicke) sowie Flachsgewebe (0,6 mm Dicke vor dem Verpressen) mit den Abmessungen 300*300 mm2 verwendet. Als Bindemittel wurde eine Melaminharzlösung mit einem Feststoff anteil von 50% Thermally modified beech veneers (1.2 mm thick) and flax fabric (0.6 mm thick before pressing) with the dimensions 300 * 300 mm 2 were used as the starting material for the new wood composite material. A melamine resin solution with a solids content of 50% was used as a binder
eingesetzt. used.
Vor der Imprägnierung wurden die Furniere und das Flachsgewebe einer Plasmabehandlung gemäß Wascher et al, Holztechnologie 2016, 12ff. unterzogen, die Plasmabehandlungszeit betrug 5 s. Before the impregnation, the veneers and the flax fabric underwent a plasma treatment according to Wascher et al, Holztechnologie 2016, 12ff. subjected, the plasma treatment time was 5 seconds.
Anschließend wurden sowohl die Furniere als auch das Gewebe in einem Then both the veneers and the fabric were combined in one
Melaminharzlösungsbad 1 s lang getränkt und mittels einer Abstreifvorrichtung die überschüssige Flüssigkeit vom Material entfernt. Das imprägnierte Material wurde für 24 Stunden konditioniert (getrocknet). Anschließend wurde das Material einsortiert, so dass sich jeweils eine imprägnierte Gewebelage zwischen zwei einzelnen Fumi erlagen (5 Furnierlagen, 4 Gewebelagen) befand. Soaked the melamine resin solution bath for 1 s and removed the excess liquid from the material using a stripping device. The impregnated material was conditioned (dried) for 24 hours. The material was then sorted so that there was an impregnated fabric layer between two individual Fumi (5 veneer layers, 4 fabric layers).
Für die„Referenz“ wurden 5 einzelne Furnierlagen im Faserverlauf kreuzend (90°) gestapelt, sodass die oberen und unteren Decklagen die gleiche Faserverlaufsrichtung aufweisen. For the “reference”, 5 individual veneer layers were stacked crossing the grain (90 °) so that the upper and lower cover layers have the same grain direction.
Anschließend wurden zwei Platten hergestellt. Die Herstellung der Platten erfolgte, indem die vorbereiteten Halbzeuge (imprägnierte Furniere bzw. imprägniertes Flachsgewebe) in einer hydraulischen Heizpresse bei einem Pressdruck von 250 N/cm2, einem Vorschub 3min/mm und einer Temperatur von 130°C verpresst wurden. Two panels were then made. The panels were produced by pressing the prepared semi-finished products (impregnated veneers or impregnated flax fabric) in a hydraulic heating press at a pressure of 250 N / cm 2 , a feed rate of 3 min / mm and a temperature of 130 ° C.
Fig. 1 zeigt die Dichte der erfindungsgemäßen Platte ("Beispiel") sowie der Referenz, gemessen gemäß DIN EN 323. Erwartungsgemäß ist die Dichte der erfindungsgemäßen Platte etwas höher. 1 shows the density of the board according to the invention ("example") and of the reference, measured in accordance with DIN EN 323. As expected, the density of the board according to the invention is somewhat higher.
Fig. 2 zeigt die Zugfestigkeit, Fig. 3 die Scherzugfestigkeit der beiden Platten, gemessen in Anlehnung an DIN 52377 bzw. DIN EN 314-1/2, jeweils in Längs- und Querrichtung. Der erfmdungsgemäße Holzkompositwerkstoff zeigt dabei eine leichte Verbesserung der Proben„quer zur Faser“ (Zugrichtung) und eine geringfügige Abnahme der Zugfestigkeit „längs zur Faser“. Betrachtet man die Zugrichtungen innerhalb desselben Materials, so ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff eine deutliche Nivellierung der Zugfestigkeit abhängig von der Zugrichtung im Vergleich zur Referenz zu beobachten. Fig. 2 shows the tensile strength, Fig. 3 shows the tensile shear strength of the two plates, measured on the basis of DIN 52377 and DIN EN 314-1 / 2, in each case in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The wood composite material according to the invention shows a slight improvement in the samples “across the fiber” (direction of pull) and a slight decrease in tensile strength “along the fiber”. If the directions of pull within the same material are considered, a clear leveling of the tensile strength depending on the direction of pull compared to the reference can be observed with the material according to the invention.
Ähnliche Ergebnisse zeigen sich bei der Scherzugfestigkeit: Quer zur Faser zeigt das erfmdungsgemäße Beispiel eine signifikante Erhöhung der Scherzugkraft im Vergleich zur Referenz, während auch bei diesem Test eine Verringerung der Scherzugfestigkeit längs zur Faser zu verzeichnen ist. Die Referenz zeigt im Vergleich zur Zugfestigkeit eine Similar results are found for the tensile shear strength: across the fiber, the example according to the invention shows a significant increase in the tensile shear force compared to the reference, while this test also shows a decrease in the tensile shear strength along the fiber. The reference shows a compared to the tensile strength
ausgeprägtere Divergenz bezüglich der Zugrichtung, während die Scherzugkraft in more pronounced divergence with respect to the direction of pull, while the shear pulling force in
Abhängigkeit von der Zugrichtung beim erfindungsgemäßen Beispiel nivelliert wird Depending on the direction of pull in the example according to the invention is leveled
Die einzelnen Kombinationen der Bestandteile und der Merkmale von den bereits erwähnten Ausführungen sind exemplarisch; der Austausch und die Substitution dieser Lehren mit anderen Lehren, die in dieser Druckschrift enthalten sind mit den zitierten Druckschriften werden ebenfalls ausdrücklich erwogen. Der Fachmann erkennt, dass Variationen, The individual combinations of the components and the features of the above-mentioned versions are exemplary; the exchange and substitution of these teachings with other teachings contained in this publication with the cited publications are also expressly considered. Those skilled in the art will recognize that variations
Modifikationen und andere Ausführungen, die hier beschrieben werden, ebenfalls auftreten können ohne von dem Erfindungsgedanken und dem Umfang der Erfindung abzuweichen. Entsprechend ist die obengenannte Beschreibung beispielhaft und nicht als beschränkend anzusehen. Das in den Ansprüchen verwendete Wort„umfassen“ schließt nicht andere Bestandteile oder Schritte aus. Der unbestimmte Artikel„ein“ schließt nicht die Bedeutung eines Plurals aus. Die bloße Tatsache, dass bestimmte Maße in gegenseitig verschiedenen Ansprüchen rezitiert werden, verdeutlicht nicht, dass eine Kombination von diesen Maßen nicht zum Vorteil benutzt werde kann. Der Umfang der Erfindung ist in den folgenden Ansprüchen definiert und den dazugehörigen Äquivalenten. Modifications and other implementations described herein can also occur without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the above description is to be regarded as exemplary and not restrictive. The word “comprising” as used in the claims does not exclude other components or steps. The indefinite article “a” does not exclude the meaning of a plural. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. The scope of the invention is defined in the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Holz- und/oder Holzkompositwerkstoff, umfassend: 1. Wood and / or wood composite material, comprising:
- mindestens zwei Lagen Holzfurnier, sowie - at least two layers of wood veneer, as well
- mindestens eine, zwischen zwei Lagen Holzfurnier angeordnete Gewebelage, umfassend eine zellulosehaltige Faser wobei sowohl die Holzfumierlagen wie die Gewebelage(n) mit einem Bindemittel beleimt sind - At least one fabric layer arranged between two layers of wood veneer, comprising a cellulosic fiber, both the wood veneer layers and the fabric layer (s) being glued with a binding agent
2. Holz- und/oder Holzkompositwerkstoff gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei sowohl die 2. Wood and / or wood composite material according to claim 1, wherein both the
Holzfumierlagen wie die Gewebelage(n) mit einem Bindemittel imprägniert sind. Wood veneer layers such as the fabric layer (s) are impregnated with a binding agent.
3. Holz- und/oder Holzkompositwerkstoff gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die 3. wood and / or wood composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the
Gewebelage im Wesentlichen aus einer zellulosehaltigen Faser besteht The fabric layer consists essentially of a cellulosic fiber
4. Holz- und/oder Holzkompositwerkstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Dicke der Gewebelagen beträgt bevorzugt zwischen von > 0,2 mm bis < 8 beträgt. 4. Wood and / or wood composite material according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the fabric layers is preferably between> 0.2 mm to <8.
5. Holz- und/oder Holzkompositwerkstoff gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Holzfurnier- und Gewebelagen einer Plasmabehandlung unterzogen wurden. 5. wood and / or wood composite material according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wood veneer and fabric layers have been subjected to a plasma treatment.
6. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Holz- und/oder Holzkompositwerkstoff gemäß der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, umfassend: a) Bereitstellen mindestens zwei Holzfurnierlagen und einer Gewebelage, umfassend eine zellulosehaltige Faser 6. A method for producing a wood and / or wood composite material according to claims 1 to 5, comprising: a) providing at least two wood veneer layers and a fabric layer comprising a cellulose-containing fiber
b) Imprägnieren der Holzfumier- und Gewebelagen mit dem Bindemittel c) Schichtweises Anordnen der Lagen so, dass jede Gewebelage zwischen zwei Holzfurnierlagen angeordnet ist; sowie b) Impregnation of the wood veneer and fabric layers with the binding agent c) Arranging the layers in layers so that each fabric layer is arranged between two wood veneer layers; such as
d) Verpressen d) pressing
7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6, zusätzlich einen Schritt al) der nach Schritt a) 7. The method according to claim 6, additionally a step al) which after step a)
durchgeführt wird: al) Plasmabehandlung der Holzfurnier - und Gewebelagen the following is carried out: al) plasma treatment of the wood veneer and fabric layers
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei bei Schritt al) ein kaltes Plasma verwendet wird. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a cold plasma is used in step al).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei bei Schritt al) ein 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in step al) a
Atmosphärendruckplasma verwendet wird Atmospheric pressure plasma is used
10. Verwendung eines Holzwerkstoffes gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 und/oder eines gemäß eines der Ansprüche 6 bis 9 hergestellten Holzwerkstoffes in und/oder bei: konstruktiven Bereichen (Automotive, Leichtbau, Bau etc.), 10. Use of a wood-based material according to one of claims 1 to 5 and / or a wood-based material produced according to one of claims 6 to 9 in and / or in: structural areas (automotive, lightweight construction, etc.),
im Außenbereich (Fassaden, Bootsbau, Gartenmöbel) outdoors (facades, boat building, garden furniture)
in robuster Umgebung (Lagerhallen, Industriefahrzeuge etc.) in a robust environment (warehouses, industrial vehicles, etc.)
EP20739976.7A 2019-07-24 2020-07-10 Composite wood material Pending EP4003678A1 (en)

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DE102019120050.4A DE102019120050A1 (en) 2019-07-24 2019-07-24 Wood composite material
PCT/EP2020/069654 WO2021013591A1 (en) 2019-07-24 2020-07-10 Composite wood material

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IT202100027476A1 (en) * 2021-10-26 2023-04-26 Sozzi Arredamenti S P A LAMINATED SOLID WOOD PANEL AND PRODUCTION METHOD.
DE102022203336A1 (en) 2022-04-04 2023-10-05 Alexander Heggen Composite panel and process for its production

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IT1391873B1 (en) * 2008-11-13 2012-01-27 Abet Laminati Spa PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING DECORATIVE PANELS BASED ON THERMOPLASTIC RESIN, PLANT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH PROCEDURE AND PANELS SO OBTAINED.
US20110271616A1 (en) * 2010-04-16 2011-11-10 E2E Materials Naturally sourced building materials
FI128490B (en) * 2017-11-22 2020-06-15 Teemu Aittamaa Packaging plywood sleeve
CN108127748A (en) * 2017-12-19 2018-06-08 北京林业大学 A kind of poplar laminated veneer lumber enhanced with flaxen fiber

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