EP4001510B1 - Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine - Google Patents

Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4001510B1
EP4001510B1 EP20207463.9A EP20207463A EP4001510B1 EP 4001510 B1 EP4001510 B1 EP 4001510B1 EP 20207463 A EP20207463 A EP 20207463A EP 4001510 B1 EP4001510 B1 EP 4001510B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pressure fluid
reversal point
working space
vibrations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20207463.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4001510C0 (en
EP4001510A1 (en
Inventor
Markus MERZHÄUSER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eurodrill GmbH
Original Assignee
Eurodrill GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to HUE20207463A priority Critical patent/HUE062993T2/en
Application filed by Eurodrill GmbH filed Critical Eurodrill GmbH
Priority to RS20230708A priority patent/RS64549B1/en
Priority to EP20207463.9A priority patent/EP4001510B1/en
Priority to ES20207463T priority patent/ES2954751T3/en
Priority to PL20207463.9T priority patent/PL4001510T3/en
Priority to HRP20230860TT priority patent/HRP20230860T1/en
Priority to CA3148308A priority patent/CA3148308A1/en
Priority to JP2021179248A priority patent/JP2022078960A/en
Priority to KR1020210154500A priority patent/KR20220065700A/en
Priority to US17/525,710 priority patent/US20220152655A1/en
Priority to CN202111338572.7A priority patent/CN114482004A/en
Publication of EP4001510A1 publication Critical patent/EP4001510A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4001510C0 publication Critical patent/EP4001510C0/en
Publication of EP4001510B1 publication Critical patent/EP4001510B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/18—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency wherein the vibrator is actuated by pressure fluid
    • B06B1/183—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency wherein the vibrator is actuated by pressure fluid operating with reciprocating masses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/18—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency wherein the vibrator is actuated by pressure fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B3/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency involving a change of amplitude
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
    • E02F5/32—Rippers
    • E02F5/326—Rippers oscillating or vibrating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B1/00—Percussion drilling
    • E21B1/12—Percussion drilling with a reciprocating impulse member
    • E21B1/24—Percussion drilling with a reciprocating impulse member the impulse member being a piston driven directly by fluid pressure
    • E21B1/26—Percussion drilling with a reciprocating impulse member the impulse member being a piston driven directly by fluid pressure by liquid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B1/00—Percussion drilling
    • E21B1/12—Percussion drilling with a reciprocating impulse member
    • E21B1/24—Percussion drilling with a reciprocating impulse member the impulse member being a piston driven directly by fluid pressure
    • E21B1/26—Percussion drilling with a reciprocating impulse member the impulse member being a piston driven directly by fluid pressure by liquid pressure
    • E21B1/28—Percussion drilling with a reciprocating impulse member the impulse member being a piston driven directly by fluid pressure by liquid pressure working with pulses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B6/00—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action
    • E21B6/02—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action the rotation being continuous
    • E21B6/04—Separate drives for percussion and rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/70—Specific application
    • B06B2201/73—Drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/10—Power-driven drivers with pressure-actuated hammer, i.e. the pressure fluid acting directly on the hammer structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine, with a housing, a piston which can be moved back and forth in a working chamber in the housing in a reversing manner between a first reversal point and a second reversal point, a pressurized fluid supply through which in In the region of the first reversal point and the second reversal point, pressure fluid can be fed into and removed from the working space, with the piston being able to be set in reversing motion to generate the impact pulses or the vibrations, with at least one controllable valve through which the pressure fluid can flow into the working space - and/or can be diverted, and a control unit, which is connected to the at least one controllable valve, wherein the movement of the piston in the working chamber can be controlled and changed by the control unit, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine, in which a piston in a working chamber in a housing is reversibly moved back and forth between a first reversal point and a second reversal point, with the impact impulses or vibrations being generated by the piston is set in reversing motion by means of a pressure fluid and the pressure fluid is fed into and out of the working space in the region of the first reversal point and the second reversing point, with a control unit controlling at least one controllable valve, through which pressure fluid is fed into and/or from the working space or is discharged, and by the control unit the movement of the piston is controlled, according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • a generic vibrator is from EP 3 417 951 A1 known.
  • the working space in a housing is divided into two pressure chambers by a working piston.
  • the two pressure chambers are alternately supplied or removed with a pressurized fluid in a targeted manner via an inlet and an outlet, so that the working piston moves in a reversing manner and generates an oscillation.
  • the time-coordinated supply and disposal of pressure fluid in the individual pressure chambers takes place via a controllable valve and a complex arrangement of channels in the housing.
  • a measuring device is also arranged within the working piston, by means of which the exact position of the working piston in the working chamber and thus in relation to the housing is determined.
  • Both the opening and/or closing times of the controllable valve and other parameters for supplying pressurized fluid can be set by means of a control device.
  • a control device By changing the parameters via this control device, in particular both the frequency and the stroke of the working piston in the housing can be varied.
  • Various parameters can be stored in a program memory, which generate a selective activation of the vibration generator, so that frequency and stroke length optimally adapted for the vibration generator can be selected for the work application.
  • the mass of the vibrating piston was primarily used to determine the principle of the vibration parameters and to adjust the vibrating system.
  • a suitable frequency was estimated based in particular on the piston mass.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a device and a method for generating impact impulses or vibrations, with which a particularly efficient impact or vibration behavior can be achieved.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the control unit is designed to move the piston at a frequency which corresponds to a resonant frequency of an overall arrangement which includes the piston and the pressure fluid.
  • the overall arrangement of the device for generating impact pulses and/or vibrations not only depends on the properties of the piston, such as its diameter and mass, but also to a decisive extent on other parameters influencing the pressure fluid, preferably the occurring pressures, the line cross-sections, line lengths, line shapes and surfaces, as well as the switching times and the shape of the valve spool with its control edges and the valve spool arrangement in the housing of the control valve.
  • These other parameters can have a decisive influence on the resonant frequency and the associated piston stroke and thus on the force transmitted by the device according to the invention or the transmitted impact impulse.
  • a basic idea of the invention is to improve the now possible variable control of the piston, ie the vibration and/or impact pulse generator, in such a way that it is subjected to pressurized fluid with parameters adapted to the system and the desired application and, for example, better penetration of the the tool connected to the vibration and impact pulse generator, e.g. in different substrates.
  • the resonance parameters for the overall arrangement which includes the piston and the pressure fluid
  • the suitable resonance frequency and the resonance stroke can be determined and on the other hand the parameters can also be dynamically adjusted during operation through the possible variable control of the vibration generator in order to adapt to changes in the process .
  • these changes can be caused by changes in the layers of earth or rock to be penetrated.
  • Various boundary conditions can also influence the resonant frequency, such as wear, aging, changes in temperature and viscosity of the pressure fluid, etc.
  • the now possible dynamic adjustment of the parameters can take place in real time during operation and the resonant frequency can be almost optimized in a control loop through the permanent detection of the actual vibration in order to improve the vibration of the piston and thus an increased force and / or to generate momentum. It is thus possible to design an oscillating circuit that can be used in a variety of ways, which enables the device to be used in a very wide range of applications in a construction machine.
  • valves can be used for the device according to the invention.
  • the valve it is particularly expedient for the valve to be an electromagnetic valve.
  • the valve body can be adjusted between an open and a closed position by an electromagnetic arrangement. In this case, intermediate positions can also be set, so that the supply quantity of pressurized fluid into the working space can be set.
  • any pressure fluid can be provided, hydraulic oil preferably being used.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that a measuring device is provided for determining a position of the piston in the working chamber.
  • a measuring device is provided for determining a position of the piston in the working chamber.
  • all usable sensors for length or position measurement can be used, which in particular work optically, capacitively, inductively, magnetically or in some other way.
  • the measuring device it is particularly advantageous for the measuring device to have a linear sensor. This is particularly useful if when the piston in the housing is moved linearly between the two reversal points.
  • the piston can be moved reversingly in the housing in such a way that the piston does not touch the housing wall with its two end faces.
  • the device can be used as a so-called vibrator.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that an impact surface is arranged at at least one reversal point, on which the piston strikes in a targeted manner to generate an impact pulse.
  • an impact surface can be arranged on the two opposite end faces of the piston on the housing. However, only a single impact surface is preferred, so that targeted impact impulses can be generated, such as are desired for percussion drilling.
  • the overall arrangement includes the housing.
  • other factors and parameters influencing the oscillating circuit can be mapped, such as the cross-sections and roughness of the ducts for the supply and discharge of the pressure fluid to the working chamber, as well as any elbow losses of these ducts in the housing.
  • a frequency and/or a stroke of the piston can be set and adjusted by the control unit.
  • the control unit preferably has an input interface, for example an input field.
  • the control unit can also be actuated directly by an operator using a conventional machine control system from an operating unit.
  • the mass of the piston and/or the housing can be changed by attaching or removing adjustment weights.
  • the change in the piston and/or cylinder mass in particular causes a substantial change in the resonance frequencies when the vibrations or impact impulses are generated in the device.
  • a variable control of the pressure fluid by setting the piston reversal points and the corresponding piston or housing mass enables a wide range of applications to be covered with this system.
  • control unit has a program memory in which various control programs for controlling the piston can be stored.
  • Special control programs can be stored for specific purposes. For example, at the beginning of a program, a high frequency with a small piston stroke can be provided, while the piston stroke then increases over time in the course of the program and a frequency decreases. Almost any number of different program sequences can be provided for controlling the piston in terms of frequency and stroke.
  • a program can be provided for rapid propulsion or particularly gentle driving. Programs for special soil types can also be stored.
  • the control unit can preferably include an automatic program for determining the resonance frequency. A frequency band is run through, starting from a starting frequency to a target frequency when the piston is actuated, with the respective response frequencies of the device being detected via a vibration sensor. A maximum of the response frequency represents the resonance frequency.
  • the invention also includes a construction machine, which is characterized in that the above-described device for generating impact impulses or vibrations is arranged on the construction machine.
  • the construction machine can be provided for civil engineering.
  • the device can also be used in other construction machines with other tools, which facilitate the penetration of a cutting edge or a material to be introduced into the subsoil by applying a vibration by means of an oscillating mass. This could be, for example, the digging bucket of an excavator, as well as an attachment chisel for excavators.
  • the construction machine it is particularly advantageous for the construction machine to be an earth boring device. If the device for generating percussion pulses is provided, percussion drilling can be carried out. This is particularly advantageous when penetrating harder layers of rock. Alternatively or in addition, the device can also be designed without impact contacts for generating vibrations. So-called overburden drilling can be carried out in particular in the case of an earth drilling device with a rotationally driven drilling tool. The rotary movement of the drilling tool is superimposed by a vibration or oscillation movement. By means of superimposed vibrations, a quasi liquefaction of the soil can be achieved, at least in the contact area with the drilling tool, which leads to improved drilling progress.
  • Rams or vibrators of this type can be used, for example, for installing steel girders, piles or sheet piling, which are driven into the ground by impact impulses or by vibrations.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one valve is controlled by the control unit so that the piston is moved at a frequency which corresponds to a resonant frequency of an overall arrangement which includes the piston and the pressure fluid.
  • This overall arrangement of the device for generating impact pulses and/or vibrations not only reflects the properties of the piston, such as its diameter and mass, but also includes parameters that influence the oscillating circuit, such as the applied pressures, the existing line cross-sections, line lengths, line shapes and surfaces, as well as the switching times and the shape of the valve spool with its control edges and the valve spool arrangement in the housing of the control valve.
  • These additional parameters can have a decisive influence on the resonant frequency and the piston stroke that occurs with it and thus on the force transmitted by the method according to the invention or the impact pulse transmitted with it.
  • the position of the piston is detected with a measuring device and that a control unit controls at least one controllable valve depending on the detected position of the piston, through which pressure fluid is fed into and/or discharged from the working chamber, with the control unit controls the movement of the piston.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in particular with the device described above. This results in the advantages described above.
  • the figure 1 shows the basic diagram of a drilling drive, which is equipped with a vibration or impact pulse generator according to the invention. Shown here is a housing 1, which includes all functional components.
  • the drill rod 2 is rotated about the axis of the drill rod 2 by means of a hydraulic motor 4 via a planetary gear 5 .
  • a drilling tool is arranged on the drill head 3 .
  • the cutting edge of the drilling tool can remove a chip in the borehole as a result of the rotary movement of the drill head 3 .
  • the chip thickness depends on the applied force in the axial direction.
  • a vibration generator 6 is mounted on the planetary gear 5, which essentially corresponds to the vibration or impact pulse generator according to the invention.
  • the vibration generator 6 is mounted in a rubber spring 7, which decouples the vibration generated from the housing.
  • the oscillating and thus moved masses of the drill drive include, in addition to the vibration-nibration generator 6, the drill head 3, the drill rod 2, the planetary gear 5 and the hydraulic motor 4, which are mounted in an axial guide 11 for this purpose.
  • the transmission 5 can also be operated decoupled from the shaking cell or from the vibration generator 6 .
  • the generated vibration can be transmitted directly to the drill rod and thus the drill head.
  • the rotational movement generated by the gear can here via a toothing or any tooth profile, which decouples the generated axial vibration from the gearbox, can be transmitted from the hollow shaft to the drill rod and thus to the drill head.
  • the shaft can also transmit the rotary motion and a hollow shaft can transmit the generated vibration.
  • the vibration generator 6 In order to generate the vibration in the vibration generator 6 , it comprises a vibration cylinder or vibration piston 8 which is acted upon alternately by a pressure fluid in pressure chambers located on both sides of the vibration piston 8 .
  • the pressure fluid is provided in a pressure fluid line P and is applied alternately to the working chambers on both sides of the vibrating piston 8 by means of a shuttle valve 9 .
  • the shuttle valve can be, for example, an electromagnetically actuated 2/4-way valve. However, all other suitable valves can also be used, such as, for example, with rotating valve slides, proportional and/or servo valves.
  • the chamber on the vibrating piston 8 that is not under pressure is alternately connected to an unpressurized tank line T via the shuttle valve 9 .
  • This alternating action on the vibrating piston 8 causes it to vibrate and generates the axial force required to advance the drill head 3 .
  • the current position of the vibration piston 8 can be recorded via a symbolically indicated measuring transducer 10 and transmitted to the PLC become.
  • the actual stroke and the frequency of the vibrating piston 8 can also be determined as variables derived from this.
  • the current responses of the overall arrangement, including both the oscillating vibrating piston 8 and the pressurized fluid acting on it, can be detected by this measured value detection, for example if the frequency of the shuttle valve 9 is changed.
  • a control loop is thus obtained by which the vibration generator 6 can be operated in a dynamic manner.
  • the detection of the vibration piston position and the variables derived from it, such as piston stroke and frequency, takes place in real time in order to be able to implement a control loop.
  • the desired reversal points of the vibrating piston 8 can be adjusted in almost any way in order to achieve improved propulsion in the drilling drive shown.
  • FIG 2 a simplified circuit diagram of the hydraulic vibration drive is shown.
  • a piston with mass m can be made to oscillate in a housing by applying a working pressure p max .
  • An electromagnetically controlled 3/4-way valve for alternating pressurization is symbolically shown here.
  • the pressure fluid is supplied via a fixed displacement pump with a limit pressure valve.
  • the parameters of the overall arrangement according to the invention are shown schematically here by the mass m and the diameter D of the piston, as well as by the length I and diameter d N of the supply lines for the pressure fluid.
  • FIG 3 the frequency response of an overall arrangement is shown when a vibration drive according to the invention is excited.
  • the exemplary piston mass of 20 kg with a piston diameter D of 95 mm is excited by a fluid pressure p max .
  • the vibration drive was excited in a frequency range from 0 to 1000 Hz.
  • a force maximum deltaF (of approx. 95kN) at a resonance frequency of approx. 180Hz is clearly visible, which corresponds to a natural frequency of the entire arrangement comprising the oscillating piston and pressure fluid.
  • the preferred parameters for the vibration and pulse generator according to the invention can be determined in a simple manner and these can be promptly adapted to changing boundary conditions.
  • the vibration or impulse generator according to the invention enables, for example, improved penetration into the ground of construction machine tools coupled to it, such as drills, chisels, rippers, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schlagimpulsen oder Schwingungen für eine Baumaschine, mit einem Gehäuse, einem Kolben, welcher in einem Arbeitsraum in dem Gehäuse reversierend zwischen einem ersten Umkehrpunkt und einem zweiten Umkehrpunkt hin und her bewegbar ist, einer Druckfluidversorgung, durch welche im Bereich des ersten Umkehrpunktes und des zweiten Umkehrpunktes jeweils Druckfluid in den Arbeitsraum ein- und ausleitbar ist, wobei der Kolben zum Erzeugen der Schlagimpulse beziehungsweise der Schwingungen in die reversierende Bewegung versetzbar ist, mit mindestens einem steuerbaren Ventil, durch welches das Druckfluid in den Arbeitsraum ein- und/oder ausleitbar ist, und einer Steuereinheit, welche mit dem mindestens einen steuerbaren Ventil in Verbindung steht, wobei durch die Steuereinheit die Bewegung des Kolbens in dem Arbeitsraum steuerbar und veränderbar ist, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine, with a housing, a piston which can be moved back and forth in a working chamber in the housing in a reversing manner between a first reversal point and a second reversal point, a pressurized fluid supply through which in In the region of the first reversal point and the second reversal point, pressure fluid can be fed into and removed from the working space, with the piston being able to be set in reversing motion to generate the impact pulses or the vibrations, with at least one controllable valve through which the pressure fluid can flow into the working space - and/or can be diverted, and a control unit, which is connected to the at least one controllable valve, wherein the movement of the piston in the working chamber can be controlled and changed by the control unit, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Schlagimpulsen oder Schwingungen für eine Baumaschine, bei dem ein Kolben in einem Arbeitsraum in einem Gehäuse reversierend zwischen einem ersten Umkehrpunkt und einem zweiten Umkehrpunkt hin und her bewegt wird, wobei zum Erzeugen der Schlagimpulse beziehungsweise der Schwingungen der Kolben mittels eines Druckfluids in eine reversierende Bewegung versetzt wird und das Druckfluid im Bereich des ersten Umkehrpunktes und des zweiten Umkehrpunktes in den Arbeitsraum ein- und ausgeleitet wird, wobei eine Steuereinheit mindestens ein steuerbares Ventil steuert, durch welches Druckfluid in den Arbeitsraum ein- und/oder ausgeleitet wird, und durch die Steuereinheit die Bewegung des Kolbens gesteuert wird, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 10.The invention further relates to a method for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine, in which a piston in a working chamber in a housing is reversibly moved back and forth between a first reversal point and a second reversal point, with the impact impulses or vibrations being generated by the piston is set in reversing motion by means of a pressure fluid and the pressure fluid is fed into and out of the working space in the region of the first reversal point and the second reversing point, with a control unit controlling at least one controllable valve, through which pressure fluid is fed into and/or from the working space or is discharged, and by the control unit the movement of the piston is controlled, according to the preamble of claim 10.

Ein gattungsgemäßer Schwingungserzeuger ist aus der EP 3 417 951 A1 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Schwingungserzeuger wird der Arbeitsraum in einem Gehäuse durch einen Arbeitskolben in zwei Druckkammern unterteilt. Die beiden Drucckammern werden gezielt über einen Einlass und einen Auslass mit einem Druckfluid wechselweise versorgt oder entsorgt, so dass sich der Arbeitskolben reversierend bewegt und eine Schwingung erzeugt. Die zeitlich abgestimmte Versorgung und Entsorgung von Druckfluid in die einzelnen Druckkammern erfolgt über ein steuerbares Ventil und eine komplexe Kanalanordnung in dem Gehäuse. Zudem ist innerhalb des Arbeitskolbens noch eine Messeinrichtung angeordnet, mittels der eine exakte Positionsbestimmung des Arbeitskolbens im Arbeitsraum und somit gegenüber dem Gehäuse erfolgt. Mittels einer Steuereinrichtung können sowohl die Öffnungs- und/oder Schließzeitpunkte des steuerbaren Ventils als auch weitere Parameter zur Druckfluidversorgung eingestellt werden. Durch Veränderung der Parameter über diese Steuereinrichtung können insbesondere sowohl die Frequenz als auch der Hub des Arbeitskolbens im Gehäuse variiert werden. In einem Programmspeicher können verschiedene Parameter hinterlegt werden, die eine selektive Ansteuerung des Schwingungserzeugers erzeugen, so dass für den Arbeitseinsatz optimal angepasste Frequenz und Hublänge für den Schwingungserzeuger gewählt werden können.A generic vibrator is from EP 3 417 951 A1 known. In this known vibration generator, the working space in a housing is divided into two pressure chambers by a working piston. The two pressure chambers are alternately supplied or removed with a pressurized fluid in a targeted manner via an inlet and an outlet, so that the working piston moves in a reversing manner and generates an oscillation. The time-coordinated supply and disposal of pressure fluid in the individual pressure chambers takes place via a controllable valve and a complex arrangement of channels in the housing. In addition, a measuring device is also arranged within the working piston, by means of which the exact position of the working piston in the working chamber and thus in relation to the housing is determined. Both the opening and/or closing times of the controllable valve and other parameters for supplying pressurized fluid can be set by means of a control device. By changing the parameters via this control device, in particular both the frequency and the stroke of the working piston in the housing can be varied. Various parameters can be stored in a program memory, which generate a selective activation of the vibration generator, so that frequency and stroke length optimally adapted for the vibration generator can be selected for the work application.

Zwar ist es mit bekannten Schwingungserzeugern möglich, in Grenzen die Frequenz und den Hub zu verändern, um die für den Einsatzfall geeigneten Schwingungsparameter einzustellen. Allerdings wurde zur prinzipiellen Ermittlung der Schwingungsparameter und zur Einstellung des schwingenden Systems in erster Linie die Masse des schwingenden Kolbens herangezogen. Aufgrund insbesondere der Kolbenmasse wurde eine geeignete Frequenz abgeschätzt.With known vibration generators it is possible to change the frequency and the stroke within limits in order to set the vibration parameters suitable for the application. However, the mass of the vibrating piston was primarily used to determine the principle of the vibration parameters and to adjust the vibrating system. A suitable frequency was estimated based in particular on the piston mass.

Weitere mechanische Steuereinrichtungen bei Schwingungserzeugern gehen beispielsweise auch aus der GB-A-920,158 , der US-A-4,026,193 oder der US-A-4,031,812 hervor. All diese bekannten Vorrichtungen weisen einen Arbeitskolben und einen Steuerkolben auf, welche abhängig von der jeweiligen Position im Gehäuse bestimmte Kanäle öffnen oder schließen, wodurch eine gezielte wechselweise Versorgung der beiden gegenüberliegenden Druckkammern zum Bewegen des Arbeitskolbens bewirkt wird.Other mechanical control devices for vibrators go, for example, from the GB-A-920,158 , the US-A-4,026,193 or the US-A-4,031,812 out. All of these known devices have a working piston and a control piston, which open or close certain channels depending on the respective position in the housing, causing a targeted alternating supply of the two opposite pressure chambers for moving the working piston.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind in der Herstellung zeit- und kostenaufwändig. Zudem wird durch das Kanalbild bei einem vorgegebenen Druckniveau ein bestimmtes Schwingungs- oder Schlagverhalten des Kolbens fest vorgegeben. Eine Veränderung der Schwingungsfrequenz und der Schlagenergie sind nur in eng begrenztem Umfang möglich und bedürfen teilweise aufwändiger mechanischer Überarbeitungen.Such devices are time-consuming and expensive to manufacture. In addition, a certain vibration or impact behavior of the piston is permanently specified by the channel pattern at a specified pressure level. A change in the vibration frequency and the impact energy is only possible to a very limited extent and sometimes requires complex mechanical revisions.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Schlagimpulsen oder Schwingungen anzugeben, mit welchen ein besonders effizientes Schlag- oder Schwingungsverhalten erreicht werden kann.The invention is based on the object of specifying a device and a method for generating impact impulses or vibrations, with which a particularly efficient impact or vibration behavior can be achieved.

Die Aufgabe wird zum einen durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und zum andern durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved on the one hand by a device having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 10 . Preferred embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit ausgebildet ist, den Kolben mit einer Frequenz zu bewegen, welche einer Resonanzfrequenz einer Gesamtanordnung entspricht, welche den Kolben und das Druckfluid umfasst. Es ist eine Erkenntnis der Erfindung, dass die Gesamtanordnung der Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Schlagimpulsen und/oder Schwingungen nicht nur von den Eigenschaften des Kolbens, wie dessen Durchmesser und dessen Masse abhängt, sondern in entscheidendem Maße auch von weiteren das Druckfluid beeinflussenden Parametern, vorzugsweise den auftretenden Drücken, den Leitungsquerschnitten, Leitungslängen, Leitungsformen und -oberflächen, als auch den Schaltzeiten und der Ventilschieberform mit seinen Steuerkanten und der Ventilschieberanordnung im Gehäuse des Steuerventils abhängen. Diese weiteren Parameter können einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Resonanzfrequenz und den zugeordneten Kolbenhub haben und damit auf die durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung übertragene Kraft oder den übertragenen Schlagimpuls.The device according to the invention is characterized in that the control unit is designed to move the piston at a frequency which corresponds to a resonant frequency of an overall arrangement which includes the piston and the pressure fluid. It is a finding of the invention that the overall arrangement of the device for generating impact pulses and/or vibrations not only depends on the properties of the piston, such as its diameter and mass, but also to a decisive extent on other parameters influencing the pressure fluid, preferably the occurring pressures, the line cross-sections, line lengths, line shapes and surfaces, as well as the switching times and the shape of the valve spool with its control edges and the valve spool arrangement in the housing of the control valve. These other parameters can have a decisive influence on the resonant frequency and the associated piston stroke and thus on the force transmitted by the device according to the invention or the transmitted impact impulse.

Eine Grundidee der Erfindung besteht darin, die nunmehr mögliche variable Ansteuerung des Kolbens, d.h. des Schwingungs- und/oder Schlagimpulserzeugers derart zu verbessern, dass dessen Beaufschlagung mit Druckfluid mit an das System und den gewünschten Einsatz angepassten Parametern erfolgt und z.B. ein besseres Eindringen des an dem Schwingungs- und Schlagimpulserzeuger angeschlossenen Werkzeugs, z.B. in unterschiedliche Untergründe zu ermöglichen. Durch die Ermittlung der Resonanzparameter für die Gesamtanordnung, die den Kolben und das Druckfluid umfasst, kann einerseits die geeignete Resonanzfrequenz und der Resonanzhub ermittelt werden und andererseits durch die mögliche variable Ansteuerung des Schwingungserzeugers eine dynamische Anpassung der Parameter auch im Betrieb erfolgen, um sich auf Änderungen im Ablauf einzustellen. Diese Änderungen können beispielsweise bei Erdbohrverfahren durch Veränderungen in den zu durchdringenden Erd- oder Gesteinsschichten verursacht werden. Auch können verschiedene Randbedingungen die Resonanzfrequenz beeinflussen, wie Verschleiß, Alterung, Temperatur- und Viskositätsänderung des Druckfluids etc..A basic idea of the invention is to improve the now possible variable control of the piston, ie the vibration and/or impact pulse generator, in such a way that it is subjected to pressurized fluid with parameters adapted to the system and the desired application and, for example, better penetration of the the tool connected to the vibration and impact pulse generator, e.g. in different substrates. Through the investigation the resonance parameters for the overall arrangement, which includes the piston and the pressure fluid, on the one hand the suitable resonance frequency and the resonance stroke can be determined and on the other hand the parameters can also be dynamically adjusted during operation through the possible variable control of the vibration generator in order to adapt to changes in the process . In earth drilling methods, for example, these changes can be caused by changes in the layers of earth or rock to be penetrated. Various boundary conditions can also influence the resonant frequency, such as wear, aging, changes in temperature and viscosity of the pressure fluid, etc.

Somit kann bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung die nunmehr mögliche dynamische Anpassung der Parameter in Echtzeit im Betrieb erfolgen und durch die permanente Erfassung der tatsächlichen Schwingung die Resonanzfrequenz in einem Regelkreis nahezu optimiert werden, um eine verbesserte Schwingung des Kolbens und somit eine erhöhte Kraft- und/oder Impulserzeugung zu erreichen. Somit ist es möglich, einen vielseitig einsetzbaren Schwingkreis zu gestalten, der ein sehr breites Einsatzspektrum der Vorrichtung in einer Baumaschine ermöglicht.Thus, with the device according to the invention, the now possible dynamic adjustment of the parameters can take place in real time during operation and the resonant frequency can be almost optimized in a control loop through the permanent detection of the actual vibration in order to improve the vibration of the piston and thus an increased force and / or to generate momentum. It is thus possible to design an oscillating circuit that can be used in a variety of ways, which enables the device to be used in a very wide range of applications in a construction machine.

Für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung können grundsätzlich alle geeigneten steuerbaren Ventile eingesetzt werden. Besonders zweckmäßig ist es nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung, dass das Ventil ein Elektromagnetventil ist. Der Ventilkörper kann dabei durch eine elektromagnetische Anordnung zwischen einer Öffnungs- und einer Schließposition verstellt werden. Dabei können auch Zwischenstellungen eingestellt werden, so dass sich die Zuführmenge an Druckfluid in den Arbeitsraum einstellen lässt. Grundsätzlich kann jedes Druckfluid vorgesehen sein, wobei vorzugsweise Hydrauliköl eingesetzt wird.In principle, all suitable controllable valves can be used for the device according to the invention. According to a development of the invention, it is particularly expedient for the valve to be an electromagnetic valve. The valve body can be adjusted between an open and a closed position by an electromagnetic arrangement. In this case, intermediate positions can also be set, so that the supply quantity of pressurized fluid into the working space can be set. In principle, any pressure fluid can be provided, hydraulic oil preferably being used.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung besteht darin, dass eine Messeinrichtung zum Bestimmen einer Position des Kolbens in dem Arbeitsraum vorgesehen ist. Hinsichtlich der Messeinrichtung können alle nutzbaren Sensoren zur Längen- oder Positionsmessung eingesetzt werden, welche insbesondere optisch, kapazitiv, induktiv, magnetisch oder in sonstiger Weise arbeiten.A preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that a measuring device is provided for determining a position of the piston in the working chamber. With regard to the measuring device, all usable sensors for length or position measurement can be used, which in particular work optically, capacitively, inductively, magnetically or in some other way.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, dass die Messeinrichtung einen Linearsensor aufweist. Dies ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll, wenn der Kolben im Gehäuse linear zwischen den beiden Umkehrpunkten bewegt wird.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is particularly advantageous for the measuring device to have a linear sensor. This is particularly useful if when the piston in the housing is moved linearly between the two reversal points.

Grundsätzlich kann der Kolben in dem Gehäuse reversierend derart bewegt werden, dass der Kolben mit seinen beiden Stirnseiten die Gehäusewand nicht berührt. Auf diese Weise kann die Vorrichtung als ein sogenannter Schwingungserzeuger eingesetzt werden. Eine vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, dass an zumindest einem Umkehrpunkt eine Schlagfläche angeordnet ist, auf welche der Kolben zum Erzeugen eines Schlagimpulses gezielt aufschlägt. Grundsätzlich kann eine Schlagfläche zu beiden gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten des Kolbens am Gehäuse angeordnet sein. Bevorzugt ist jedoch lediglich eine einzige Schlagfläche, so dass gezielte Schlagimpulse erzeugbar sind, wie sie etwa für ein Schlagbohren gewünscht sind.In principle, the piston can be moved reversingly in the housing in such a way that the piston does not touch the housing wall with its two end faces. In this way the device can be used as a so-called vibrator. An advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that an impact surface is arranged at at least one reversal point, on which the piston strikes in a targeted manner to generate an impact pulse. In principle, an impact surface can be arranged on the two opposite end faces of the piston on the housing. However, only a single impact surface is preferred, so that targeted impact impulses can be generated, such as are desired for percussion drilling.

Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Variante umfasst die Gesamtanordnung das Gehäuse. Hierdurch können weitere den Schwingkreis beeinflussende Faktoren und Parameter abgebildet werden, wie zum Beispiel die Querschnitte und Rauhigkeiten der Kanäle für die Zu- und Ableitung des Druckfluids zu dem Arbeitsraum, als auch eventuelle Krümmerverluste dieser Kanäle im Gehäuse.According to a further preferred variant, the overall arrangement includes the housing. In this way, other factors and parameters influencing the oscillating circuit can be mapped, such as the cross-sections and roughness of the ducts for the supply and discharge of the pressure fluid to the working chamber, as well as any elbow losses of these ducts in the housing.

Nach einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung ist es bevorzugt, dass durch die Steuereinheit eine Frequenz und/oder ein Hub des Kolbens einstellbar und verstellbar sind. Zur Veränderung der Frequenz sind insbesondere die Öffnungs- und Schließzeitpunkte und gegebenenfalls die Zuführung von Hydraulikenergie durch die Steuereinheit einstellbar. Auch kann der Hub des Kolbens durch eine Lageveränderung der beiden Umkehrpunkte durch eine entsprechende Öffnung und Schließung der steuerbaren Ventile erzielt werden. Hierfür weist die Steuereinheit vorzugsweise eine Eingabeschnittstelle, beispielsweise ein Eingabefeld, auf. Auch kann die Steuereinheit unmittelbar durch eine übliche Maschinensteuerung von einer Bedieneinheit durch einen Bediener entsprechend betätigt werden.According to a further variant of the invention, it is preferred that a frequency and/or a stroke of the piston can be set and adjusted by the control unit. In order to change the frequency, in particular the opening and closing times and, if necessary, the supply of hydraulic energy can be adjusted by the control unit. The stroke of the piston can also be achieved by changing the position of the two reversal points by opening and closing the controllable valves accordingly. For this purpose, the control unit preferably has an input interface, for example an input field. The control unit can also be actuated directly by an operator using a conventional machine control system from an operating unit.

Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist die Masse des Kolbens und/oder des Gehäuses durch Anbringen oder Entfernen von Justiergewichten veränderbar. Gerade die Veränderung der Kolben und/oder Zylindermasse bewirkt eine substantielle Veränderung der Resonanzfrequenzen bei der Erzeugung der Schwingungen bzw. der Schlagimpulse in der Vorrichtung. Gerade die Kombination einer variablen Ansteuerung des Druckfluids durch Setzen der Kolben Umkehrpunkte und der darauf abgestimmten Kolben bzw. Gehäusemasse ermöglicht es breite Einsatzbereiche mit diesem System abzudecken.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass of the piston and/or the housing can be changed by attaching or removing adjustment weights. The change in the piston and/or cylinder mass in particular causes a substantial change in the resonance frequencies when the vibrations or impact impulses are generated in the device. Just the combination a variable control of the pressure fluid by setting the piston reversal points and the corresponding piston or housing mass enables a wide range of applications to be covered with this system.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, dass die Steuereinheit einen Programmspeicher aufweist, in welchem verschiedene Steuerprogramme zum Steuern des Kolbens abspeicherbar sind. So können für bestimmte Einsatzzwecke spezielle Steuerprogramme hinterlegt werden. So kann beispielsweise zu Beginn eines Programms eine hohe Frequenz mit einem kleinen Kolbenhub vorgesehen sein, während sich im Programmablauf über die Zeit dann der Kolbenhub vergrößert und eine Frequenz verkleinert. Es können nahezu beliebig viele unterschiedliche Programmabläufe zur Steuerung des Kolbens hinsichtlich von Frequenz und Hub vorgesehen werden. So kann ein Programm für einen schnellen Vortrieb oder ein besonders schonendes Eintreiben vorgesehen sein. Auch können Programme für spezielle Bodenarten hinterlegt sein. Die Steuereinheit kann vorzugsweise ein Automatikprogramm zur Bestimmung der Resonanzfrequenz umfassen. Dabei wird ein Frequenzband beginnend von einer Startfrequenz bis zu einer Zielfrequenz bei der Ansteuerung des Kolbens durchlaufen, wobei über einen Schwingungssensor jeweilige Antwortfrequenzen der Vorrichtung erfasst werden. Ein Maximum der Antwortfrequenz stellt die Resonanzfrequenz dar.A further preferred embodiment variant of the invention can be seen in the fact that the control unit has a program memory in which various control programs for controlling the piston can be stored. Special control programs can be stored for specific purposes. For example, at the beginning of a program, a high frequency with a small piston stroke can be provided, while the piston stroke then increases over time in the course of the program and a frequency decreases. Almost any number of different program sequences can be provided for controlling the piston in terms of frequency and stroke. A program can be provided for rapid propulsion or particularly gentle driving. Programs for special soil types can also be stored. The control unit can preferably include an automatic program for determining the resonance frequency. A frequency band is run through, starting from a starting frequency to a target frequency when the piston is actuated, with the respective response frequencies of the device being detected via a vibration sensor. A maximum of the response frequency represents the resonance frequency.

Die Erfindung umfasst auch eine Baumaschine, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die vorbeschriebene Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schlagimpulsen oder Schwingungen auf der Baumaschine angeordnet ist. Insbesondere kann die Baumaschine für den Tiefbau vorgesehen sein. Allerdings kann die Vorrichtung auch bei anderen Baumaschinen mit anderen Werkzeugen eingesetzt werden, die eine Penetration einer Arbeitsschneide oder eines Einbringgutes in den Untergrund durch Aufbringen einer Schwingung mittels einer oszillierenden Masse erleichtert. Hierbei könnte es sich beispielsweise um den Grablöffel eines Baggers, als auch um einen Anbau-Meißel für Bagger handeln.The invention also includes a construction machine, which is characterized in that the above-described device for generating impact impulses or vibrations is arranged on the construction machine. In particular, the construction machine can be provided for civil engineering. However, the device can also be used in other construction machines with other tools, which facilitate the penetration of a cutting edge or a material to be introduced into the subsoil by applying a vibration by means of an oscillating mass. This could be, for example, the digging bucket of an excavator, as well as an attachment chisel for excavators.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, dass die Baumaschine ein Erdbohrgerät ist. Ist dabei die Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schlagimpulsen vorgesehen, kann ein Schlagbohren durchgeführt werden. Dies ist insbesondere beim Durchdringen von härteren Gesteinsschichten vorteilhaft. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann die Vorrichtung auch frei von Schlagkontakten zum Erzeugen von Schwingungen ausgebildet sein. Bei einem Erdbohrgerät mit einem drehend angetriebenen Bohrwerkzeug kann so insbesondere ein sogenanntes Überlagerungsbohren durchgeführt werden. Dabei wird die Drehbewegung des Bohrwerkzeuges durch eine Vibrations- oder Schwingungsbewegung überlagert. Durch überlagerte Schwingungen kann eine quasi Verflüssigung des Bodens, zumindest im Kontaktbereich mit dem Bohrwerkzeug erzielt werden, was zu einem verbesserten Bohrfortschritt führt.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is particularly advantageous for the construction machine to be an earth boring device. If the device for generating percussion pulses is provided, percussion drilling can be carried out. This is particularly advantageous when penetrating harder layers of rock. Alternatively or in addition, the device can also be designed without impact contacts for generating vibrations. So-called overburden drilling can be carried out in particular in the case of an earth drilling device with a rotationally driven drilling tool. The rotary movement of the drilling tool is superimposed by a vibration or oscillation movement. By means of superimposed vibrations, a quasi liquefaction of the soil can be achieved, at least in the contact area with the drilling tool, which leads to improved drilling progress.

Eine andere Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, dass die Baumaschine eine Ramme oder ein Rüttler ist. Derartige Rammen oder Rüttler können etwa zum Einbringen von Stahlträgern, Pfählen oder Spundwandbohlen eingesetzt werden, welche in den Boden durch Schlagimpulse oder durch Vibrationen eingetrieben werden.Another embodiment of the invention can be seen in the fact that the construction machine is a ram or a vibrator. Rams or vibrators of this type can be used, for example, for installing steel girders, piles or sheet piling, which are driven into the ground by impact impulses or by vibrations.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Ventil durch die Steuereinheit gesteuert wird, so dass der Kolben mit einer Frequenz bewegt wird, welche einer Resonanzfrequenz einer Gesamtanordnung entspricht, welche den Kolben und das Druckfluid umfasst.The method according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one valve is controlled by the control unit so that the piston is moved at a frequency which corresponds to a resonant frequency of an overall arrangement which includes the piston and the pressure fluid.

Diese Gesamtanordnung der Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Schlagimpulsen und/oder Schwingungen bildet nicht nur die Eigenschaften des Kolbens, wie dessen Durchmesser und dessen Masse ab, sondern umfasst darüber hinaus den Schwingkreis beeinflussende Parameter, wie die aufgebrachten Drücke, die vorliegenden Leitungsquerschnitte, Leitungslängen, Leitungsformen und -oberflächen, als auch die Schaltzeiten und die Ventilschieberform mit ihren Steuerkanten und der Ventilschieberanordnung im Gehäuse des Steuerventils. Diese weiteren Parameter können einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Resonanzfrequenz und den damit auftretenden Kolbenhub und damit auf die durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren übertragene Kraft oder den damit übertragenen Schlagimpuls haben.This overall arrangement of the device for generating impact pulses and/or vibrations not only reflects the properties of the piston, such as its diameter and mass, but also includes parameters that influence the oscillating circuit, such as the applied pressures, the existing line cross-sections, line lengths, line shapes and surfaces, as well as the switching times and the shape of the valve spool with its control edges and the valve spool arrangement in the housing of the control valve. These additional parameters can have a decisive influence on the resonant frequency and the piston stroke that occurs with it and thus on the force transmitted by the method according to the invention or the impact pulse transmitted with it.

Nach einer Weiterbildung ist es vorteilhaft, dass die Position des Kolbens mit einer Messeinrichtung erfasst wird und dass eine Steuereinheit abhängig von der erfassten Position des Kolbens mindestens ein steuerbares Ventil steuert, durch welches Druckfluid in den Arbeitsraum ein- und/oder ausgeleitet wird, wobei durch die Steuereinheit die Bewegung des Kolbens gesteuert wird.According to a further development, it is advantageous that the position of the piston is detected with a measuring device and that a control unit controls at least one controllable valve depending on the detected position of the piston, through which pressure fluid is fed into and/or discharged from the working chamber, with the control unit controls the movement of the piston.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann insbesondere mit der zuvor beschriebenen Vorrichtung durchgeführt werden. Es ergeben sich dabei die zuvor beschriebenen Vorteile.The method according to the invention can be carried out in particular with the device described above. This results in the advantages described above.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen weiter beschrieben, welche schematisch in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt sind. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig.1:
eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
Fig.2 :
ein Schaltbild zu einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung; und
Fig.3 :
ein Frequenzdiagramm zu einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
The invention is further described below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated schematically in the attached drawings. In the drawings show:
Fig.1:
a schematic cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention;
Fig.2 :
a circuit diagram of a device according to the invention; and
Fig.3 :
a frequency diagram for a device according to the invention.

Die Figur 1 zeigt das Prinzipbild eines Bohrantriebs, der mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Schwingungs- bzw. Schlagimpulserzeuger ausgestattet ist. Gezeigt ist hier ein Gehäuse 1, das alle Funktionskomponenten umfasst. Aus diesem Gehäuse ragt das Bohrgestänge 2, das an seinem distalen Ende den Bohrkopf 3 trägt, heraus. Das Bohrgestänge 2 wird mittels eines Hydraulikmotors 4 über ein Planetengetriebe 5 in Drehbewegung um die Achse des Bohrgestänges 2 versetzt. Ein Bohrwerkzeug ist am Bohrkopf 3 angeordnet. Die Schneide des Bohrwerkzeugs kann durch die Drehbewegung des Bohrkopfs 3 einen Span in der Bohrung abtragen. Die Spandicke hängt dabei von der aufgebrachten Kraft in axialer Richtung ab. Zur Erzeugung einer wechselnden axialen Vibrations-Kraft ist auf dem Planetengetriebe 5 ein Vibrationserzeuger 6 angebracht, der im Wesentlichen dem erfindungsgemäßen Schwingungs- bzw. Schlagimpulserzeuger entspricht. Der Vibrationserzeuger 6 ist in einer Gummifeder 7 gelagert, die die erzeugte Vibration vom Gehäuse entkoppelt. Die schwingenden und damit bewegten Massen des Bohrantriebs umfassen neben dem Schwingungs-Nibrationserzeuger 6, den Bohrkopf 3, das Bohrgestänge 2, das Planetengetriebe 5 und den Hydraulikmotor 4, die dazu in einer axialen Führung 11 gelagert sind. Alternativ kann das Getriebe 5 auch entkoppelt von der Rüttelzelle bzw. vom Vibrationserzeuger 6 betrieben werden. Hierbei kann beispielhaft über eine Welle, welche durch eine als Hohlwelle ausgeführte Abtriebswelle hindurchgeführt wird, die erzeugte Vibration direkt auf das Bohrgestänge und damit den Bohrkopf übertragen werden. Die vom Getriebe erzeugte Drehbewegung kann hierbei über eine Verzahnung oder irgendein Zahnprofil, welches die erzeugte axiale Vibration vom Getriebe entkoppelt, von der Hohlwelle ins Bohrgestänge und damit zum Bohrkopf übertragen werden. Alternativ kann auch die Welle die Drehbewegung übertragen und eine Hohlwelle die erzeugte Vibration.The figure 1 shows the basic diagram of a drilling drive, which is equipped with a vibration or impact pulse generator according to the invention. Shown here is a housing 1, which includes all functional components. The drill rod 2, which carries the drill head 3 at its distal end, protrudes from this housing. The drill rod 2 is rotated about the axis of the drill rod 2 by means of a hydraulic motor 4 via a planetary gear 5 . A drilling tool is arranged on the drill head 3 . The cutting edge of the drilling tool can remove a chip in the borehole as a result of the rotary movement of the drill head 3 . The chip thickness depends on the applied force in the axial direction. To generate an alternating axial vibration force, a vibration generator 6 is mounted on the planetary gear 5, which essentially corresponds to the vibration or impact pulse generator according to the invention. The vibration generator 6 is mounted in a rubber spring 7, which decouples the vibration generated from the housing. The oscillating and thus moved masses of the drill drive include, in addition to the vibration-nibration generator 6, the drill head 3, the drill rod 2, the planetary gear 5 and the hydraulic motor 4, which are mounted in an axial guide 11 for this purpose. Alternatively, the transmission 5 can also be operated decoupled from the shaking cell or from the vibration generator 6 . Here, for example, via a shaft, which is passed through an output shaft designed as a hollow shaft, the generated vibration can be transmitted directly to the drill rod and thus the drill head. The rotational movement generated by the gear can here via a toothing or any tooth profile, which decouples the generated axial vibration from the gearbox, can be transmitted from the hollow shaft to the drill rod and thus to the drill head. Alternatively, the shaft can also transmit the rotary motion and a hollow shaft can transmit the generated vibration.

Zur Erzeugung der Vibration im Vibrationserzeuger 6 umfasst dieser einen Vibrationszylinder bzw. Vibrationskolben 8, der wechselweise mit einem Druckfluid in beidseits des Vibrationskolbens 8 befindlichen Druckkammern beaufschlagt wird. Das Druckfluid wird in einer Druckfluidleitung P bereitgestellt und mittels eines Wechselventils 9 auf die Arbeitskammern zu beiden Seiten des Vibrationskolbens 8 abwechselnd aufgebracht. Bei dem Wechselventil kann es sich z.B. um ein elektromagnetisch betätigtes 2/4 Wegeventil handeln. Es können aber auch alle anderen geeigneten Ventile verwendet werden, wie z.B. mit rotierenden Ventilschiebern, Proportional- und/oder Servoventile. Über das Wechselventil 9 wird die jeweils nicht unter Druck stehende Kammer am Vibrationskolben 8 alternierend mit einer drucklosen Tankleitung T verbunden. Durch diese wechselweise Beaufschlagung des Vibrationskolbens 8 wird dieser in Schwingungen versetzt und erzeugt die zum Vortrieb des Bohrkopfs 3 nötige axiale Kraft. Die Frequenz, mit der das Wechselventil 9 durch eine SPS (=Speicher-Programmierbare-Steuerung) angesteuert wird, überträgt sich auf den Vibrationskolben 8 des Vibrationserzeugers 6. Über einen symbolhaft angedeuteten Messumformer 10 kann die aktuelle Position des Vibrationskolbens 8 erfasst und der SPS übermittelt werden. Als hiervon abgeleitete Größen können auch der tatsächliche Hub und die Frequenz des Vibrationskolbens 8 bestimmt werden. Durch diese Messwerterfassung können die aktuellen Antworten der Gesamtanordnung, umfassend sowohl den schwingenden Vibrationskolben 8, als auch das beaufschlagende Druckfluid, erfasst werden, wenn z.B. die Frequenz des Wechselventils 9 verändert wird. Damit erhält man einen Regelkreis, durch den der Vibrationserzeuger 6 in dynamischer Weise betrieben werden kann. Die Erfassung der Vibrationskolbenposition und der davon abgeleiteten Größen wie Kolbenhub und Frequenz, erfolgt in Echtzeit, um einen Regelkreis realisieren zu können. Die gewünschten Umkehrpunkte des Vibrationskolbens 8 können in nahezu beliebiger Weise angepasst werden, um beim gezeigten Bohrantrieb einen verbesserten Vortrieb zu erzielen.In order to generate the vibration in the vibration generator 6 , it comprises a vibration cylinder or vibration piston 8 which is acted upon alternately by a pressure fluid in pressure chambers located on both sides of the vibration piston 8 . The pressure fluid is provided in a pressure fluid line P and is applied alternately to the working chambers on both sides of the vibrating piston 8 by means of a shuttle valve 9 . The shuttle valve can be, for example, an electromagnetically actuated 2/4-way valve. However, all other suitable valves can also be used, such as, for example, with rotating valve slides, proportional and/or servo valves. The chamber on the vibrating piston 8 that is not under pressure is alternately connected to an unpressurized tank line T via the shuttle valve 9 . This alternating action on the vibrating piston 8 causes it to vibrate and generates the axial force required to advance the drill head 3 . The frequency with which the shuttle valve 9 is controlled by a PLC (=programmable logic controller) is transmitted to the vibration piston 8 of the vibration generator 6. The current position of the vibration piston 8 can be recorded via a symbolically indicated measuring transducer 10 and transmitted to the PLC become. The actual stroke and the frequency of the vibrating piston 8 can also be determined as variables derived from this. The current responses of the overall arrangement, including both the oscillating vibrating piston 8 and the pressurized fluid acting on it, can be detected by this measured value detection, for example if the frequency of the shuttle valve 9 is changed. A control loop is thus obtained by which the vibration generator 6 can be operated in a dynamic manner. The detection of the vibration piston position and the variables derived from it, such as piston stroke and frequency, takes place in real time in order to be able to implement a control loop. The desired reversal points of the vibrating piston 8 can be adjusted in almost any way in order to achieve improved propulsion in the drilling drive shown.

In Figur 2 wird ein vereinfachter Schaltplan des hydraulischen Vibrationsantriebs dargestellt. Auch hier kann ein Kolben mit der Masse m in einem Gehäuse durch Aufbringung eines Arbeitsdruckes pmax in Schwingungen versetzt werden. Gezeigt ist hier symbolhaft ein elektromagnetisch gesteuertes 3/4 - Wegeventil zur alternierenden Druckbeaufschlagung. Die Druckfluidversorgung erfolgt über eine Konstantpumpe mit Grenzdruckventil. Die Parameter der erfindungsgemäßen Gesamtanordnung sind hier durch die Masse m und den Durchmesser D des Kolbens, sowie durch die Länge I und Durchmesser dN der Zuleitungen des Druckfluids schematisch dargestellt.In figure 2 a simplified circuit diagram of the hydraulic vibration drive is shown. Here, too, a piston with mass m can be made to oscillate in a housing by applying a working pressure p max . An electromagnetically controlled 3/4-way valve for alternating pressurization is symbolically shown here. The pressure fluid is supplied via a fixed displacement pump with a limit pressure valve. The parameters of the overall arrangement according to the invention are shown schematically here by the mass m and the diameter D of the piston, as well as by the length I and diameter d N of the supply lines for the pressure fluid.

In Figur 3 wird schließlich der Frequenzgang einer Gesamtanordnung bei Anregung eines erfindungsgemäßen Vibrationsantriebs gezeigt. Die beispielhafte Kolbenmasse mit 20kg bei einem Kolbendurchmesser D von 95mm wird durch einen Fluiddruck pmax angeregt. Die Anregung des Vibrationsantriebs erfolgte hier beispielhaft in einem Frequenzbereich von 0 bis 1000 Hz. Klar ersichtlich ist ein Kraftmaximum deltaF (in Höhe von ca. 95kN) bei einer Resonanzfrequenz von ca. 180Hz, die einer Eigenfrequenz der Gesamtanordnung umfassend Schwingkolben und Druckfluid entspricht. Durch die dynamische und variable wechselnde Druckbeaufschlagung in einem Regelkreis, können die bevorzugten Parameter für den erfindungsgemäßen Schwingungs- und Impulserzeuger in einfacher Weise ermittelt und diese bei sich verändernden Randbedingungen zeitnah angepasst werden. Somit ermöglicht der erfindungsgemäße Schwingungs- bzw. Impulserzeuger z.B. eine verbesserte Penetration ins Erdreich von mit diesem gekoppelten Baumaschinenwerkzeugen, wie Bohrern, Meißeln, Reißzähnen etc.In figure 3 Finally, the frequency response of an overall arrangement is shown when a vibration drive according to the invention is excited. The exemplary piston mass of 20 kg with a piston diameter D of 95 mm is excited by a fluid pressure p max . The vibration drive was excited in a frequency range from 0 to 1000 Hz. A force maximum deltaF (of approx. 95kN) at a resonance frequency of approx. 180Hz is clearly visible, which corresponds to a natural frequency of the entire arrangement comprising the oscillating piston and pressure fluid. Due to the dynamic and variable alternating pressurization in a control circuit, the preferred parameters for the vibration and pulse generator according to the invention can be determined in a simple manner and these can be promptly adapted to changing boundary conditions. Thus, the vibration or impulse generator according to the invention enables, for example, improved penetration into the ground of construction machine tools coupled to it, such as drills, chisels, rippers, etc.

Claims (11)

  1. Device for generating percussive pulses or vibrations for a construction machine, with
    - a housing (6),
    - a piston (8) which is reversibly reciprocable in a working space in the housing (6) between a first reversal point and a second reversal point,
    - a pressure fluid supply (P), through which pressure fluid can in each case be led into and out of the working space in the region of the first reversal point and the second reversal point, wherein the piston (8) can be set into the reversible movement in order to generate the percussive pulses or vibrations,
    - at least one controllable valve (9), through which the pressure fluid can be led into and/or out of the working space, and
    - a control unit (PLC) which is connected to the at least one controllable valve (9), wherein by the control unit (PLC) the movement of the piston (8) in the working space can be controlled and changed,
    characterized in that
    - the control unit (PLC) is designed to move the piston (8) at a frequency that corresponds to a resonance frequency of an overall arrangement comprising the piston and the pressure fluid,
    wherein a variable control of the device is given, which allows a dynamic adjustment of resonance parameters during operation.
  2. Device according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the valve (9) is an electromagnetic valve.
  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    a measuring means (10) for determining a position of the piston (8) in the working space is provided.
  4. Device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the measuring means (10) has a linear sensor.
  5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    on at least one reversal point a percussion surface is arranged, onto which the piston (8) strikes specifically to generate a percussive pulse.
  6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the overall arrangement also comprises the housing.
  7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    the mass of the piston (8) and/or the housing can be changed by mounting or removing adjustment weights.
  8. Construction machine
    characterized in that
    a device for generating percussive pulses or vibrations according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is arranged.
  9. Construction machine according to claim 8,
    characterized in that
    this is an earth drilling apparatus.
  10. Construction machine according to claim 8,
    characterized in that
    this is a pile driver or a vibrator.
  11. Method for generating percussive pulses or vibrations for a construction machine, in particular with a device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    in which
    - a piston (8) is reversibly reciprocated in a working space in a housing between a first reversal point and a second reversal point,
    - wherein, for the purpose of generating the percussive pulses or vibrations, the piston (8) is set into a reversible movement by means of a pressure fluid and the pressure fluid is led into and out of the working space in the region of the first reversal point and the second reversal point,
    - wherein a control unit (PLC) controls at least one controllable valve (9), through which pressure fluid is led into and/or out of the working space,
    and
    - by the control unit (PLC) the movement of the piston (8) is controlled,
    characterized in that
    - the at least one valve (9) is controlled by the control unit (PLC) such that the piston (8) is moved at a frequency that corresponds to a resonance frequency of an overall arrangement comprising the piston (8) and the pressure fluid, whereby a variable control of the device is given, which allows a dynamic adjustment of resonance parameters during operation.
EP20207463.9A 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine Active EP4001510B1 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20230708A RS64549B1 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine
EP20207463.9A EP4001510B1 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine
ES20207463T ES2954751T3 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Impact or vibration pulse generation device for a construction machine
PL20207463.9T PL4001510T3 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine
HRP20230860TT HRP20230860T1 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine
HUE20207463A HUE062993T2 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine
CA3148308A CA3148308A1 (en) 2020-11-13 2021-10-26 Device for generating percussive pulses or vibrations for a construction machine
JP2021179248A JP2022078960A (en) 2020-11-13 2021-11-02 Device for generating striking pulse or vibration for construction machine
KR1020210154500A KR20220065700A (en) 2020-11-13 2021-11-11 Device for generating percussive pulses or vibrations for a construction machine
US17/525,710 US20220152655A1 (en) 2020-11-13 2021-11-12 Device for generating percussive pulses or vibrations for a construction machine
CN202111338572.7A CN114482004A (en) 2020-11-13 2021-11-12 Device for generating impact pulses or vibrations for construction machines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP20207463.9A EP4001510B1 (en) 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Device for generating impact impulses or vibrations for a construction machine

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EP (1) EP4001510B1 (en)
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CA (1) CA3148308A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2954751T3 (en)
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HU (1) HUE062993T2 (en)
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CA3148308A1 (en) 2022-05-13
JP2022078960A (en) 2022-05-25
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KR20220065700A (en) 2022-05-20
ES2954751T3 (en) 2023-11-24
HUE062993T2 (en) 2023-12-28
HRP20230860T1 (en) 2023-11-10
CN114482004A (en) 2022-05-13
US20220152655A1 (en) 2022-05-19
PL4001510T3 (en) 2023-09-11
RS64549B1 (en) 2023-09-29

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