EP3995626B1 - Assembly for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be created and associated method - Google Patents

Assembly for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be created and associated method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3995626B1
EP3995626B1 EP21207231.8A EP21207231A EP3995626B1 EP 3995626 B1 EP3995626 B1 EP 3995626B1 EP 21207231 A EP21207231 A EP 21207231A EP 3995626 B1 EP3995626 B1 EP 3995626B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carriage
baseplate
track
chassis
plan
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EP21207231.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3995626A1 (en
Inventor
David MEDINA-PINEDA
Mounira LAHRECH
Fabian HERMOSILLA
Gérard Prevost
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Alstom Holdings SA
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Publication of EP3995626A1 publication Critical patent/EP3995626A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • E01B1/004—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers with prefabricated elements embedded in fresh concrete or asphalt
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
    • E01B29/32—Installing or removing track components, not covered by the preceding groups, e.g. sole-plates, rail anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
    • E01B35/02—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for spacing, for cross levelling; for laying-out curves

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of methods for adjusting the position of the rails during the production of a railway track.
  • the construction of a railway track for example for a metro line, consists, first of all, in establishing a track plan of the track to be built.
  • This track plan is produced in the design office. It includes in particular the route of the track, that is to say the vertical and horizontal profile of the treads of each of the lines of rails constituting the railway.
  • a track support slab is first poured.
  • a foundation slab preferably reinforced, is poured into a trench prepared for this purpose, then, on this foundation slab, a concrete slab is poured, which constitutes the actual support of the track.
  • the rails are fixed to the slab by means of fixing systems comprising a sole and a pair of fasteners.
  • the process for making the track then includes a step consisting in installing these soles.
  • this step is carried out automatically by means of a dedicated machine, such as that described in the patent EP 1 178 153 B1 , allowing the footings to be placed in position in the still fresh concrete of the slab.
  • the rails are then placed on the soles, wedging them with suitable shims so that the tread of the rail corresponds to what is indicated by the track plan (within a tolerance).
  • the tread corresponds to the line of contact between the metal wheel of a railway vehicle (for example a metro) and the upper part of the rail, also called headstock.
  • the rails are secured to the soles by the fasteners of the fastening systems.
  • a clip comes to rest on an upper face of the lower part of the rail, also called the rail shoe, and is secured to the sole by tie rods, advantageously embedded in the concrete.
  • a sole thus constitutes a means of receiving the rail. It comprises a substantially rectangular groove on the bottom of which bears the shoe of the rail (possibly indirectly in the event of interposition of a wedge).
  • the wedging procedure consists of interposing wedges between the rail foot and the sole.
  • Vertical wedges are used, which are interposed between the bottom of the groove of the sole and the lower surface of the slider in order to adjust the vertical position of the tread of the rail.
  • Horizontal wedges are used, which are arranged on either side of the rail base, between the side faces of the groove of the sole and the base in order to adjust the horizontal position of the tread of the rail.
  • An inner horizontal shim is used between the shoe and the groove face on the inner side of the track and an outer horizontal shim between the shoe and the groove face on the outer side of the track. It should be noted that the sum of the widths of the interior and exterior horizontal wedges is constant and corresponds to the difference between the width of the groove of the sole and the width of the base of the rail. Thus, knowing the width of one of the horizontal wedges makes it possible to know the width of the other horizontal wedge.
  • a wedge is made of a polymer material, slightly deformable to be able to absorb a difference in alignment between the rail and the sole. If formerly the wedges were colored according to their thickness to help the operator during their positioning on the soles, this has been abandoned for cost reasons. Shims are black regardless of their thickness.
  • the procedure for wedging the rail consists first of all in recording the actual position of each of the soles. To do this, a reflector dioptre mounted on a base complementary to the groove of the soles is placed with precision on a sole whose position it is desired to measure. This position is then measured by means of a total station, which is positioned along the track. The measured position is stored in a footing position database.
  • the shim plan indicates, for each sole, the thickness of the vertical shim and the width of each of the horizontal shims which must be used to adjust the position of the rail.
  • an operator walks the track and, for each sole, identifies the sole considered, reads the wedging plan to know the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical wedges to be placed on this sole, selects the appropriate wedges in a bin , and finally pre-positions the selected wedges on the sole before moving on to the next sole along the track.
  • the wedges are properly placed under the shoe and on either side thereof by an operator. Then, the clips are attached to the soles, to hold the rail in position.
  • the wedging method involves the performance of tasks that are obviously tedious for an operator, in particular those consisting, on the site and under sometimes difficult conditions, of identifying a sole, reading the wedging plan for the sole identified, select the correct set of shims and pre-position them correctly on this sole.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve this problem.
  • the subject of the invention is an assembly for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be produced, which comprises a first carriage for determining a wedging plane, the first carriage being movable along a section of the railroad track, said section being provided with a plurality of bases for receiving the pads of the rails, the first carriage comprising: a first frame, which is automotive; first means for positioning the first carriage, which make it possible to measure an absolute position of the first frame; and, means for detecting the bases, which make it possible to determine a relative position, with respect to the first chassis, of each base of the section of track, the assembly further comprising first calculation means programmed to establish a plan for wedging the track section from a track plan of the railway track to be produced and the absolute positions of each base of the track section, the absolute position of a base being determined from the relative position of said base and the absolute position of the chassis, characterized in that it comprises a second carriage (2) for pre-positioning wedges on the receiving bases of the rails of the track section, according to the wedging
  • the invention also relates to a method for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be produced, characterized in that it consists in implementing an assembly conforming to the preceding assembly.
  • the figure 1 is an overview showing the construction site of a railway line.
  • the railway track to be built must follow a route A according to an initial track plan, which has previously been drawn up in the design office.
  • a concrete slab 5 has already been produced. It consists of a foundation slab 6 and a foundation slab 7.
  • a plurality of soleplates of a rail fastening system have also already been installed in the base plate 7.
  • the fastening soleplates of a first row of rails 9a are referenced 8a and the mounting flanges of a second row of rails 9b are referenced 8b in this figure.
  • the axis A of the section of track considered is defined by a set of characteristic points, each characteristic point being defined by a pair of coordinates (x, y) according to the directions X and Y respectively, and possibly a coordinate z according to the direction Z.
  • the pre-positioning of the wedges allowing the wedging of the rails 9a and 9b is carried out by means of an assembly consisting of at least a first carriage 1, and, preferably, a second carriage 2, and, more preferably, of a third carriage 3.
  • the first carriage 1 has the function of automatically measuring the position of the soles.
  • the first carriage 1 is thus suitable for circulating along the concrete slab 5 and for recording the position of each flange 8a, 8b, located in the slab 7.
  • the first carriage 1 is associated with calculation means which allow, at from the absolute position of each sole, to determine a wedging plane. In the envisaged embodiment, these calculation means are on board the first carriage 1 instead of being deported to the ground.
  • the second carriage 2 has the function of pre-positioning wedges on each sole according to a wedging plan.
  • the wedging plane used by the second carriage 2 is that resulting from the implementation of the first carriage 1.
  • the second carriage 2 is intended to circulate along the concrete slab 5 with a batch of various wedges and to pre - position wedges on each sole encountered in accordance with the wedging plan.
  • This second carriage 2 is associated with calculation means which make it possible, from the wedging plan, to select and place suitable wedges on the soles. In the envisaged embodiment, these calculation means are on board the second carriage 2 instead of being deported to the ground.
  • the third carriage 3 has the function, once the rails have been wedged and fixed on the soles, to draw up a statement of the railway line produced with a view to verification with respect to the initial track plan.
  • This third carriage 3 is associated with means of calculation. In the envisaged embodiment, these calculation means are on board the third carriage 3 instead of being deported to the ground.
  • the railway track to be produced is of the type without ballast, the rails being supported by saddles embedded in a continuous concrete slab and not by a set of sleepers held in the ballast.
  • the rails are fixed to this concrete slab by means of specific fixing systems called “saddles", comprising a sole anchored in the concrete.
  • a rail such as rail 9a, consists of an upper part or head 13, a lower part or slider 15, and an intermediate portion between the slider and the head or web 14.
  • the sole 8a has a groove 19 for receiving the pad 15 of the rail 9a.
  • wedges are placed in the groove 19 around the shoe 15: a vertical wedge 10 interposed between the bottom of the groove 19 and the underside 16 of the shoe 15 to adjust the tread position vertically; horizontal shims, respectively outer 11 and inner 12, interposed between the side faces, respectively outer 17 and inner 18, of pad 15 and the faces facing groove 19, to adjust the position of the tread in a horizontal plane.
  • the rail 9a is held in position in the groove 19 by a pair of fasteners 21, which rest on an upper face of the shoe 15, on either side of the core 14 of the latter, and are secured to the sole 8a by tie rods 20 (on the picture 2 , only one fastener of the pair of fasteners of the fastening system is shown).
  • An origin reference P8 and axes X8, Y8 and Z8 is associated with each sole, such as the sole 8a of the picture 2 .
  • the Y8Z8 plane defines a median transverse plane of the sole 8a.
  • the axis X8 corresponds for example to a stop between the bottom and a side face (for example the outer side face) of the groove 19.
  • relative or absolute position of a footing is advantageously meant both the relative or absolute location of the origin P8, but also the relative or absolute orientation of the trihedron X8Y8Z8.
  • the position of sole 8a is given by six coordinates, three location coordinates and three orientation coordinates.
  • the first carriage 1 comprises a first automotive chassis and embeds first computing means, first radio communication means, first positioning means and sole detection means.
  • Chassis 25 is a substantially rectangular rigid frame.
  • Chassis 25 is automotive. It is mounted on four wheels 26, which preferably incorporate means of propulsion, such as electric motors. In this case, the first carriage 1 carries batteries (not shown on the picture 3 ).
  • the wheels 26 are tires or caterpillar wheels allowing rolling on the concrete of the support slab of the track 5.
  • the spacing between the wheels 26 is for example greater than the width of the slab 7 to allow circulation of the first trolley 1 on the foundation slab 6.
  • the first calculation means 35 make it possible to control the movement of the first carriage 1, preferably automatically from the knowledge of the track plan.
  • An origin reference P1 and axes X1, Y1 and Z1 is associated with the frame 25: the axis X1 corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the first carriage 1, the axis Y1 to a transverse axis, and the axis Z1 to an axis orthogonal to the X1 and Y1 axes.
  • the frame 25 carries positioning means, which for example consist of three diopters 31, 32, and 33.
  • a total station 4 measures, preferably at each instant (mode of operation in followed or "tracking") the absolute location of the point P1 and the absolute orientation of the axes X1, Y1 and Z1, that is to say the position of the frame 25 in the absolute reference P, X, Y, Z.
  • the measurements determined by the total station 4 are retransmitted to the calculation means 35, via first radio communication means 40.
  • the calculation means 35 therefore know the instantaneous absolute position of the frame 25.
  • the first carriage 1 embeds detection means making it possible to determine the relative position of each sole encountered during the movement of the first carriage 1 along the track.
  • these detection means comprise a pair of scanners, this pair being formed of a right scanner 41a allowing the fixing soles 8a of the right rails 9a to be scanned and a left scanner 41b allowing the fixing soles 8b of the rails to be scanned. left 9b.
  • the adjectives right and left are relative to the direction of circulation along the track, which is given by the orientation of the axis A.
  • the first carriage 1 advantageously comprises a plurality of pairs of scanners.
  • the first carriage 1 thus comprises four pairs of scanners respectively 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b and 44a, 44b.
  • a scanner consists of a laser and a camera.
  • the laser emits a beam that scans an area in front of the scanner.
  • the camera detects the light signal reflected by any obstacle.
  • the scanner works in the infrared range.
  • a scanner thus makes it possible to produce a three-dimensional survey, or 3D survey, of each sole observed.
  • This 3D survey is established in a marker associated with the scanner.
  • Such a 3D survey has very high precision, of the order of a tenth of a millimeter.
  • the maximum precision is obtained when the scanner is moved approximately one meter above the sole and observes it under a low but not zero angle.
  • the various scanners are connected to the computing means 35.
  • the calculation means 35 are suitable for comparing the 3D reading produced by a scanner with a three-dimensional model, or 3D model, of the sole.
  • This 3D model is for example provided by the manufacturer of the sole.
  • the scanners are fixed directly to the frame 25. Knowing the position of each scanner on the frame 25, the relative position of the sole observed with respect to the frame 25 of the first carriage 1 can be determined .
  • the first calculating means 35 are suitable for determining the absolute position of each sole observed.
  • the absolute position information of a sole is saved in a database of the calculation means 35.
  • each sole is identified by a unique identifier (for example the Telec point of its location along the way).
  • each sole advantageously carries an identification tag, which can be read remotely by reading means adapted on board the carriages.
  • an identification tag which can be read remotely by reading means adapted on board the carriages.
  • This is for example a QR Code or an RFID chip.
  • the first carriage 1 is capable of moving continuously (for example at 5 km/h) along the track and the scanners detect the soles as this movement progresses.
  • a second embodiment is envisaged, which is illustrated in the figure 4 and 5 .
  • the scanners are no longer fixed directly to frame 25, but are mounted on a plate 27, which is movable relative to frame 25.
  • the plate 27 is actuated by a motor 28 of the stepping type, for a movement of the plate 27 along slideways arranged along the longitudinal axis X1 of the frame 25, that is to say substantially along the axis A of the way.
  • the first carriage 1 is stopped at a Telec point.
  • the absolute position of the frame 25 is measured by means of the total station 4.
  • the plate 27 is moved relative to the frame 25 between a forward position ( figure 4 ) and a rear position ( figure 5 ) so as to scan all the soles of a portion of the track, which are essentially located below the first carriage 1.
  • To obtain the absolute position of the soles it suffices to take into account the relative position of the plate 27 relative to the chassis when this sole is observed by a scanner.
  • the process is iterated by moving the carriage to stop it at a Telec point allowing the soles of the next portion of the track to be scanned.
  • the method is iterated with or without overlapping of the scanned track portions with each other, depending on the reliability of the measurements made by the first carriage.
  • This second embodiment makes it possible to achieve a certain precision, since a stepper motor makes it possible to determine sufficiently precisely the instantaneous relative position of the plate 27 with respect to the frame 25.
  • the calculation means 35 are suitable for executing an algorithm for determining a wedging plan from the initial track plan and the information present in the sole position database.
  • the positions of the soles installed on a section of track of the order of 200 meters are first measured, then the algorithm for determining the setting plan is executed to establish a setting plan for this section of track. This reduces the impact of an error in the placement of a sole on the profile of the track produced by smoothing the effects of this error on the whole of the section considered.
  • an alert is generated.
  • a repositioning operation of this footing consisting of unsealing the defective footing and correctly replacing a new footing by reworking the concrete of the slab 7.
  • the algorithm implemented to determine the calibration plan is of the same type as the algorithms used in the state of the art. It can however be improved to take into account the six position coordinates of the footings.
  • the implementation of the algorithm comprises for example two steps.
  • a first step the difference between the absolute altimetric profile of the tread of the rails given by the initial track plan and the absolute altimetric profile of the soles given by the absolute positions of the soles measured with the first trolley 1 is calculated.
  • a setting plan is calculated by determining the thickness of each of the vertical wedges which lead to the best compromise on the section of track considered, that is to say which minimize the said difference between altimetric profiles on the track section considered. This is a calculation that is performed on one line of rails then the other.
  • the wedging plan is updated by determining the thickness of each of the horizontal wedges which lead to the best compromise on the section of track considered, that is to say which minimize said difference between horizontal profiles on the section of track considered. This is a calculation which is first carried out for one line of rails at a time, then which is corrected by taking into account the two lines of rails at the same time so as to maintain the gauge of the track.
  • a third step can advantageously be implemented by updating the calibration plan in order to minimize the deformations encountered usually between two rows of rails: difference in radii of curvature between the rails, vertical and horizontal alignments, rotation around the direction transverse to the track of one rail in relation to the other (or “twist”), and elevation of one rail relative to the other (or “cant”).
  • the first carriage 1 makes it possible to automatically obtain a setting plan.
  • the first carriage 1 can operate whatever the conditions on site, in particular the weather conditions. Sources of error in establishing the calibration plan are eliminated.
  • this first carriage 1 is followed by a second carriage 2 for the automatic pre-positioning of the vertical and horizontal wedges in accordance with the wedging plane obtained by the implementation of the first carriage 1.
  • the second carriage 2 comprises a second automotive chassis 55 and carries second computing means 65, second radio communication means 60, second positioning means, a shim reservoir and means for supplying the shims.
  • Frame 55 is substantially rectangular in shape.
  • the frame 55 is movable to be able to circulate along the track under construction. It is provided with four wheels 56, similar to those fitted to the first carriage 1.
  • a reference point of origin P2 and of axis X2, Y2 and Z2 is associated with the frame 55: the axis X2 corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the second carriage 2, the axis Y2 to a transverse axis, and the axis Z2 to an axis orthogonal to the X2 and Y2 axes.
  • Frame 55 carries diopters 51, 52 as second positioning means, which allow a total station 4 to determine, preferably at any time, the absolute position of frame 55.
  • This absolute position measured by a total station is transmitted to the calculation means 65 of the second carriage 2, via the radio communication means 60.
  • the absolute position of the second carriage 2 is simply obtained by an odometric system making it possible to measure the distance traveled by the second carriage 2 along the track, from a referenceDiac point.
  • Calculation means 65 memorizes a calibration plan.
  • the setting plan is advantageously transmitted to the calculation means 65 by the calculation means 35 of the first trolley 1, via a communication link established between the radio communication means 40 of the first trolley 1 and the radio communication means 60 of the second trolley 2.
  • the second carriage 2 comprises a reservoir 57 for storing wedges, vertical 10, horizontal exterior 11 and horizontal interior 12, of all possible thicknesses.
  • the second carriage 2 comprises supply means making it possible to select wedges from the reservoir 57, and to deposit them on a sole above which the second carriage 2 circulates.
  • the supply means consist of two robotic arms, respectively right 61a and left 61b, to pre-position wedges, respectively on a right sole 8a and on a left sole 8b.
  • a robotic arm is controlled by the calculation means 65, which, from the absolute position of the second carriage 2 and the identifier of the sole above which the second carriage 2 is located, reads the wedging plan to determine the characteristics of the cleats adapted to this sole.
  • the identifier of a sole is given by a Telec point, it is determined from the absolute position of the second carriage 2.
  • the computing means 65 then command a robotic arm to seek the appropriate wedges from the reservoir 57 and place them on the sole in question.
  • the tank is subdivided into compartments, each compartment receiving wedges of a particular vertical or horizontal type and of a particular thickness.
  • the supply means then comprises, on each compartment, an automatic dispensing device which, when it is controlled by the calculation means 65, deposits a wedge on a treadmill, capable of moving the deposited wedge towards a slide, which allows the wedge to be placed on the sole in question.
  • the rails 9a, 9b are installed. More specifically, an operator correctly places the wedges 10, 11 and 12 in the groove 19 of the sole 8a or 8b, and the shoe 15 of the rail 9a or 9b is housed between the wedges. Fasteners 21 are placed on either side of the rail and fixed to the sole.
  • a third carriage 3 travels on the railway track created to carry out a survey of the topology of the track.
  • This third carriage 3 conforms to the carriages of the state of the art for carrying out such a reading.
  • the figure 7 is a representation in the form of blocks of the method of automatic adjustment of the rails according to the invention.
  • this method is implemented at the end of a phase 100 of implantation of the soles in the concrete of the track support raft.
  • the adjustment method includes a first phase 100 corresponding to the use of the first carriage 1.
  • the first carriage 1 is stopped in a predefined position along the track.
  • the scanners produce 3D surveys of the observable soles.
  • each 3D reading is compared with a reference 3D model, to obtain a relative position of the sole observed with respect to the first carriage 1.
  • step 216 the absolute position of each sole is calculated from the result of the comparison step and the absolute position of the first carriage 1 communicated by the total station 4.
  • step 2128 the absolute position and the identifier of the sole are stored in a database.
  • This set 210 of steps is iterated, after having moved the first carriage 1 by a predefined distance.
  • the setting plan is determined during step 220.
  • the calibration plan is advantageously transmitted to the second carriage 2.
  • the adjustment process continues with a second phase 300 corresponding to the use of the second carriage 2.
  • the second carriage 2 receives the setting plan established for the section of track.
  • the second carriage 2 is moved along this track section (step 311).
  • the second carriage 2 identifies the sole over which it passes.
  • the wedging plan is read for the identified sole in order to know the suitable wedges.
  • the appropriate wedges are pre-positioned on the sole.
  • the second carriage 2 traverses the whole of the track section corresponding to the setting plane.
  • a phase 400 which follows the adjustment process 200, 300, rails are fixed to the soles by interposing the pre-positioned wedges.
  • the calculation means instead of being on board each of the carriages, could be deported to the ground, each carriage being in radio communication with a station on the ground.
  • the ground station groups together the different software necessary for moving the different carriages and for the operations that each of these carriages performs.
  • the rail fixing system comprises a flange fixed to a foundation raft
  • the present invention can be implemented for other ways of fixing a rail.
  • the ends of a sleeper are generally shaped to have a groove for receiving the rail base.
  • wedges can be interposed directly between the concrete of the sleeper and the base of the rail. Staples are for example used to finalize the fixing of the rail.
  • the term base is the generic term designating any means of receiving the rail that can accommodate wedges.
  • the invention can be implemented in the case where the fixing of the rail only allows adjustment of the latter by the use of vertical wedges or the use of horizontal wedges.

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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Description

L'invention a pour domaine celui des procédés d'ajustement de la position des rails lors de la réalisation d'une voie ferrée.The field of the invention is that of methods for adjusting the position of the rails during the production of a railway track.

De manière générale, la réalisation d'une voie ferrée, par exemple pour une ligne de métro, consiste, dans un premier temps, à établir un plan de voie de la voie à réaliser. Ce plan de voie est réalisé en bureau d'études. Il comporte notamment le tracé de la voie, c'est-à-dire le profil vertical et horizontal des bandes de roulement de chacune des files de rails constitutives de la voie ferrée.In general, the construction of a railway track, for example for a metro line, consists, first of all, in establishing a track plan of the track to be built. This track plan is produced in the design office. It includes in particular the route of the track, that is to say the vertical and horizontal profile of the treads of each of the lines of rails constituting the railway.

Dans un second temps, sur site, par exemple pour une voie ferrée du type sans ballast, une dalle de support de voie est d'abord coulée. Par exemple, une dalle de fondation, de préférence ferraillée, est coulée dans une tranchée préparée à cet effet, puis, sur cette dalle de fondation, est coulé un radier en béton, qui constitue le support proprement dit de la voie.In a second step, on site, for example for a railroad of the type without ballast, a track support slab is first poured. For example, a foundation slab, preferably reinforced, is poured into a trench prepared for this purpose, then, on this foundation slab, a concrete slab is poured, which constitutes the actual support of the track.

Différentes manières de fixer les rails sur le radier sont envisageables. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les rails sont fixés sur le radier au moyen de systèmes de fixation comportant une semelle et une paire d'attaches. Le procédé de réalisation de la voie comporte alors une étape consistant à implanter ces semelles. Avantageusement, cette étape est réalisée automatiquement au moyen d'une machine dédiée, telle que celle décrite dans le brevet EP 1 178 153 B1 , permettant le placement en position des semelles dans le béton encore frais du radier.Different ways of attaching the rails to the slab are possible. In a preferred embodiment, the rails are fixed to the slab by means of fixing systems comprising a sole and a pair of fasteners. The process for making the track then includes a step consisting in installing these soles. Advantageously, this step is carried out automatically by means of a dedicated machine, such as that described in the patent EP 1 178 153 B1 , allowing the footings to be placed in position in the still fresh concrete of the slab.

Les rails sont ensuite placés sur les semelles en les calant au moyen de cales adaptées pour que la bande de roulement du rail corresponde à ce qui est indiqué par le plan de voie (à une tolérance près). La bande de roulement correspond à la ligne de contact entre la roue métallique d'un véhicule ferroviaire (par exemple un métro) et la partie supérieure du rail, aussi dénommée champignon.The rails are then placed on the soles, wedging them with suitable shims so that the tread of the rail corresponds to what is indicated by the track plan (within a tolerance). The tread corresponds to the line of contact between the metal wheel of a railway vehicle (for example a metro) and the upper part of the rail, also called headstock.

Finalement, les rails sont solidarisés aux semelles par les attaches des systèmes de fixation. Une attache vient prendre appui sur une face supérieure de la partie inférieure du rail, aussi dénommée patin du rail, et est solidarisé à la semelle par des tirants, avantageusement pris dans le béton.Finally, the rails are secured to the soles by the fasteners of the fastening systems. A clip comes to rest on an upper face of the lower part of the rail, also called the rail shoe, and is secured to the sole by tie rods, advantageously embedded in the concrete.

Une semelle constitue ainsi un moyen de réception du rail. Elle comporte une rainure sensiblement rectangulaire sur le fond de laquelle vient prendre appui le patin du rail (éventuellement indirectement en cas d'interposition d'une cale).A sole thus constitutes a means of receiving the rail. It comprises a substantially rectangular groove on the bottom of which bears the shoe of the rail (possibly indirectly in the event of interposition of a wedge).

Plus spécifiquement, la procédure de calage consiste à interposer des cales entre le patin du rail et la semelle. On utilise des cales verticales, qui sont interposées entre le fond de la rainure de la semelle et la surface inférieure du patin afin de régler la position verticale de la bande de roulement du rail. On utilise des cales horizontales, qui sont disposées de part et d'autre du patin du rail, entre les faces latérales de la rainure de la semelle et le patin afin de régler la position horizontale de la bande de roulement du rail.More specifically, the wedging procedure consists of interposing wedges between the rail foot and the sole. Vertical wedges are used, which are interposed between the bottom of the groove of the sole and the lower surface of the slider in order to adjust the vertical position of the tread of the rail. Horizontal wedges are used, which are arranged on either side of the rail base, between the side faces of the groove of the sole and the base in order to adjust the horizontal position of the tread of the rail.

On utilise une cale horizontale intérieure entre le patin et la face de la rainure du côté intérieur de la voie et une cale horizontale extérieure entre le patin et la face de la rainure du côté extérieur de la voie. Il est à noter que la somme des largeurs des cales horizontales intérieure et extérieure est constante et correspond à la différence entre la largeur de la rainure de la semelle et la largeur du patin du rail. Ainsi, connaître la largeur d'une des cales horizontales permet de connaître la largeur de l'autre cale horizontale.An inner horizontal shim is used between the shoe and the groove face on the inner side of the track and an outer horizontal shim between the shoe and the groove face on the outer side of the track. It should be noted that the sum of the widths of the interior and exterior horizontal wedges is constant and corresponds to the difference between the width of the groove of the sole and the width of the base of the rail. Thus, knowing the width of one of the horizontal wedges makes it possible to know the width of the other horizontal wedge.

Une cale est réalisée en un matériau polymère, légèrement déformable pour pouvoir absorber une différence d'alignement entre le rail et la semelle. Si autrefois les cales étaient colorées en fonction de leur épaisseur pour aider l'opérateur au cours de leur positionnement sur les semelles, ceci a été abandonné pour des raisons de coût. Les cales sont noires quelle que soit leur épaisseur.A wedge is made of a polymer material, slightly deformable to be able to absorb a difference in alignment between the rail and the sole. If formerly the wedges were colored according to their thickness to help the operator during their positioning on the soles, this has been abandoned for cost reasons. Shims are black regardless of their thickness.

Selon l'état de la technique, la procédure de calage du rail consiste d'abord à relever la position réelle de chacune des semelles. Pour ce faire, un dioptre réflecteur monté sur une base complémentaire de la rainure des semelles est placé avec précision sur une semelle dont on cherche à mesurer la position. Cette position est alors mesurée au moyen d'une station totale, qui est positionnée le long de la voie. La position mesurée est stockée dans une base de données de position des semelles.According to the state of the art, the procedure for wedging the rail consists first of all in recording the actual position of each of the soles. To do this, a reflector dioptre mounted on a base complementary to the groove of the soles is placed with precision on a sole whose position it is desired to measure. This position is then measured by means of a total station, which is positioned along the track. The measured position is stored in a footing position database.

Une fois que les positions des semelles ont été mesurées, de retour en bureau d'études, un plan de calage est élaboré à partir du plan de voie et des positions réelles des semelles. Le plan de calage indique, pour chaque semelle, l'épaisseur de la cale verticale et la largeur de chacune des cales horizontales qui doivent être utilisées pour ajuster la position du rail.Once the positions of the pads have been measured, back in the design office, a setting plan is drawn up from the track plan and the actual positions of the pads. The shim plan indicates, for each sole, the thickness of the vertical shim and the width of each of the horizontal shims which must be used to adjust the position of the rail.

Enfin, de retour sur site, un opérateur parcourt la voie et, pour chaque semelle, identifie la semelle considérée, lit le plan de calage pour connaître les caractéristiques des cales horizontales et verticale à placer sur cette semelle, sélectionne les cales appropriées dans un bac, et finalement pré-positionne les cales sélectionnées sur la semelle avant de passer à la semelle suivante le long de la voie.Finally, back on site, an operator walks the track and, for each sole, identifies the sole considered, reads the wedging plan to know the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical wedges to be placed on this sole, selects the appropriate wedges in a bin , and finally pre-positions the selected wedges on the sole before moving on to the next sole along the track.

Lors de la phase de fixation du rail sur les semelles, pour chaque semelle, les cales sont proprement disposées sous le patin et de part et d'autre de celui-ci par un opérateur. Puis, les attaches sont fixées aux semelles, pour maintenir le rail en position.During the fixing phase of the rail on the soles, for each sole, the wedges are properly placed under the shoe and on either side thereof by an operator. Then, the clips are attached to the soles, to hold the rail in position.

Le procédé de calage selon l'état de la technique passe par la réalisation de tâches manifestement fastidieuses pour un opérateur, notamment celles consistant, sur le site et dans des conditions parfois difficiles, à identifier une semelle, lire le plan de calage pour la semelle identifiée, sélectionner le bon ensemble de cales et les pré-positionner correctement sur cette semelle.The wedging method according to the state of the art involves the performance of tasks that are obviously tedious for an operator, in particular those consisting, on the site and under sometimes difficult conditions, of identifying a sole, reading the wedging plan for the sole identified, select the correct set of shims and pre-position them correctly on this sole.

La difficulté de ces tâches est à l'origine de nombreuses erreurs de calage et par conséquent à la réalisation d'une voie ferrée qui ne respecte pas les spécifications du plan de voie, à moins que des tolérances élevées n'aient été permises dès l'établissement de ce plan de voie pour prévenir les conséquences de telles erreurs.The difficulty of these tasks is the source of many timing errors and consequently the realization of a track that does not respect the specifications of the track plan, unless high tolerances have been allowed from the start. establishment of this track plan to prevent the consequences of such errors.

De la même manière, la tâche de mesurer la position d'implantation de chaque semelle est difficile. Elle est la source de nombreuses erreurs de mesure. Celles-ci sont particulièrement préjudiciables puisqu'elles conduisent à un plan de calage erroné.Similarly, the task of measuring the implantation position of each footing is difficult. It is the source of many measurement errors. These are particularly detrimental since they lead to an erroneous calibration plan.

Le but de la présente invention est de résoudre ce problème.The object of the present invention is to solve this problem.

Un autre exemple d'art antérieur peut être trouvé dans le document CN108149535B .Another example of prior art can be found in the document CN108149535B .

Pour cela l'invention a pour objet en ensemble d'ajustement des rails d'une voie ferrée à réaliser, qui comporte un premier chariot de détermination d'un plan de calage, le premier chariot étant mobile le long d'une section de la voie ferrée, ladite section étant munie d'une pluralité d'embases de réception des patins des rails, le premier chariot comportant : un premier châssis, qui est automobile ; des premiers moyens de positionnement du premier chariot, qui permettent de mesurer une position absolue du premier châssis ; et, des moyens de détection des embases, qui permettent de déterminer une position relative, par rapport au premier châssis, de chaque embase de la section de voie, l'ensemble comportant, en outre, des premiers moyens de calcul programmés pour établir un plan de calage de la section de voie à partir d'un plan de voie de la voie ferrée à réaliser et des positions absolues de chaque embase de la section de voie, la position absolue d'une embase étant déterminée à partir de la position relative de ladite embase et de la position absolue du châssis, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un deuxième chariot (2) de pré-positionnement de cales sur les embases de réception des rails de la section de voie, en fonction du plan de calage pour ladite section de voie déterminé au moyen des premiers moyens de calcul (35), le deuxième chariot (2) comportant : - un second châssis (55), qui est automobile ; - des seconds moyens de positionnement (51, 52) du deuxième chariot (2), qui permettent de mesurer une position absolue du second châssis (55) ; - un réservoir (57), qui contient une pluralité de cales, horizontales et/ou verticales, d'épaisseurs différentes ; et, - des moyens d'amenée (61 a, 61 b), propres à sélectionner une cale adaptée dans le réservoir (57) et à la déposer sur l'embase au-dessus de laquelle se trouve le deuxième chariot (2), l'ensemble comportant, en outre, des deuxièmes moyens de calcul (65) propres à lire le plan de calage en tenant compte de la position absolue du second châssis (55) et à commander les moyens d'amenée en indiquant la cale à sélectionner.For this, the subject of the invention is an assembly for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be produced, which comprises a first carriage for determining a wedging plane, the first carriage being movable along a section of the railroad track, said section being provided with a plurality of bases for receiving the pads of the rails, the first carriage comprising: a first frame, which is automotive; first means for positioning the first carriage, which make it possible to measure an absolute position of the first frame; and, means for detecting the bases, which make it possible to determine a relative position, with respect to the first chassis, of each base of the section of track, the assembly further comprising first calculation means programmed to establish a plan for wedging the track section from a track plan of the railway track to be produced and the absolute positions of each base of the track section, the absolute position of a base being determined from the relative position of said base and the absolute position of the chassis, characterized in that it comprises a second carriage (2) for pre-positioning wedges on the receiving bases of the rails of the track section, according to the wedging plan for said section of track determined by means of the first calculation means (35), the second carriage (2) comprising: - a second chassis (55), which is automotive; - second positioning means (51, 52) of the second carriage (2), which make it possible to measure an absolute position of the second chassis (55); - a reservoir (57), which contains a plurality of shims, horizontal and/or vertical, of different thicknesses; and, - feed means (61 a, 61 b), capable of selecting a suitable hold in the reservoir (57) and place it on the base above which the second carriage (2) is located, the assembly further comprising second computing means (65) capable of reading the setting plane taking into account the absolute position of the second frame (55) and to control the feed means by indicating the wedge to be selected.

Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, l'ensemble comporte une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou suivant toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles :

  • les moyens de détection du premier chariot comportent au moins un scanner, ledit scanner étant conçu pour effectuer un relevé tridimensionnel d'une embase observée, et les premier moyens de calculs étant propres à comparer le relevé tridimensionnel réalisé avec un modèle tridimensionnel d'une embase, de manière à déterminer la position relative de l'embase par rapport au châssis du premier chariot.
  • le premier chariot comporte un plateau mobile, propre à être déplacé par rapport au châssis, les moyens de détection étant fixés sur le plateau mobile, et la détermination de la position absolue d'une embase étant effectuée en tenant compte de la position relative du plateau mobile par rapport au châssis du premier chariot.
  • les moyens de positionnement du premier chariot sont constitués par une pluralité de dioptres positionnés sur le châssis du premier chariot, de manière à ce qu'une station totale positionnée le long de la section de voie puisse mesurer une position absolue du châssis du premier chariot et transmettre la position absolue ainsi mesurée aux premiers moyens de calcul.
  • la mesure de la position relative d'une embase consiste à mesurer six coordonnées correspondant à la localisation relative d'un point de référence de l'embase et à l'orientation relative d'un trièdre de référence associé à l'embase, le plan de calage étant déterminé en tenant compte des six coordonnées de la positon relative de chaque embase.
  • le réservoir est constitué d'une pluralité de compartiments et le moyen d'amenée est constitué par : une pluralité de dispositifs de distribution automatique, chaque dispositif de distribution étant associé à un compartiment, un tapis roulant et un toboggan pour déposer une cale délivrée par un distributeur automatique sur l'embase au-dessus de laquelle circule le deuxième chariot (2).
  • les premiers moyens de calculs sont soit embarqués à bord du premier chariot, soit déportés dans une station au sol.
  • les deuxièmes moyens de calculs sont soit embarqués à bord du deuxième chariot, soit déportés dans une station au sol.
According to particular embodiments, the assembly comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in all technically possible combinations:
  • the detection means of the first carriage comprise at least one scanner, said scanner being designed to carry out a three-dimensional reading of a base observed, and the first calculation means being suitable for comparing the three-dimensional reading produced with a three-dimensional model of a base, so as to determine the relative position of the base with respect to the frame of the first carriage.
  • the first carriage comprises a movable plate, able to be moved relative to the chassis, the detection means being fixed on the movable plate, and the determination of the absolute position of a base being carried out by taking into account the relative position of the plate movable relative to the frame of the first carriage.
  • the means for positioning the first carriage consist of a plurality of diopters positioned on the frame of the first carriage, so that a total station positioned along the track section can measure an absolute position of the frame of the first carriage and transmitting the absolute position thus measured to the first calculating means.
  • the measurement of the relative position of a base consists in measuring six coordinates corresponding to the relative location of a reference point of the base and to the relative orientation of a reference trihedron associated with the base, the plane timing being determined by taking into account the six coordinates of the relative position of each base.
  • the tank is made up of a plurality of compartments and the feed means is made up of: a plurality of automatic dispensing devices, each dispensing device being associated with a compartment, a treadmill and a slide for depositing a wedge delivered by a vending machine on the base above which the second carriage (2) circulates.
  • the first calculation means are either on board the first carriage, or deported to a station on the ground.
  • the second calculation means are either on board the second carriage, or deported to a station on the ground.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé d'ajustement des rails d'une voie ferrée à réaliser, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à mettre en oeuvre un ensemble conforme à l'ensemble précédent.The invention also relates to a method for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be produced, characterized in that it consists in implementing an assembly conforming to the preceding assembly.

L'invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation particulier, donné uniquement à titre d'exemple illustratif et non imitatif, cette description étant faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une représentation générale, en perspective, de l'ensemble selon l'invention, constitué d'un convoi comportant avantageusement un premier chariot, un deuxième chariot et un troisième chariot, propres à circuler le long de la voie à réaliser ;
  • La figure 2 est une représentation, en coupe, d'un système de fixation d'un rail, qui comporte une semelle interposée entre le patin du rail et le radier ;
  • La figure 3 est une représentation en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation du premier chariot ;
  • La figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'un second mode de réalisation dans un premier état ;
  • La figure 5 est une représentation schématique du second mode de réalisation dans un second état ;
  • La figure 6 est une représentation en perspective d'un mode de réalisation du deuxième chariot ; et,
  • La figure 7 est une représentation sous forme de blocs du procédé selon l'invention.
The invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the following detailed description of a particular embodiment, given solely by way of illustrative and non-imitative example, this description being made with reference to the appended drawings on which :
  • The figure 1 is a general representation, in perspective, of the assembly according to the invention, consisting of a convoy advantageously comprising a first carriage, a second carriage and a third carriage, capable of circulating along the track to be produced;
  • The figure 2 is a representation, in section, of a rail fastening system, which comprises an interposed flange between the base of the rail and the raft;
  • The picture 3 is a perspective representation of a first embodiment of the first carriage;
  • The figure 4 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment in a first state;
  • The figure 5 is a schematic representation of the second embodiment in a second state;
  • The figure 6 is a perspective representation of one embodiment of the second carriage; and,
  • The figure 7 is a representation in the form of blocks of the method according to the invention.

La figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble représentant le site de réalisation d'une voie ferrée.The figure 1 is an overview showing the construction site of a railway line.

La voie ferrée à réaliser doit suivre un tracé A d'après un plan de voie initial, qui a préalablement été établi en bureau d'étude.The railway track to be built must follow a route A according to an initial track plan, which has previously been drawn up in the design office.

Sur la figure 1, une dalle en béton 5 a déjà été réalisée. Elle est constituée d'une dalle de fondation 6 et d'un radier 7.On the figure 1 , a concrete slab 5 has already been produced. It consists of a foundation slab 6 and a foundation slab 7.

Une pluralité de semelles d'un système de fixation des rails ont également déjà été implantées dans le radier 7. Les semelles de fixation d'une première file de rails 9a sont référencées 8a et les semelles de fixation d'une seconde file de rails 9b sont référencées 8b sur cette figure.A plurality of soleplates of a rail fastening system have also already been installed in the base plate 7. The fastening soleplates of a first row of rails 9a are referenced 8a and the mounting flanges of a second row of rails 9b are referenced 8b in this figure.

Des stations totales 4 ont été positionnées le long de la voie pour permettre la mesure de la position absolue d'un dispositif quelconque par rapport à un repère absolu d'origine P et d'axe X, Y et Z. Il s'agit d'un système de référence cartésien dans lequel la direction Z correspond à la direction verticale, la direction X correspond à la direction du Nord, et Y correspond à la direction de l'Est.4 total stations have been positioned along the track to allow the measurement of the absolute position of any device with respect to an absolute reference of origin P and axis X, Y and Z. These are 'a Cartesian reference system in which the Z direction corresponds to the vertical direction, the X direction corresponds to the North direction, and Y corresponds to the East direction.

L'axe A de la section de voie considérée est défini par un ensemble de points caractéristiques, chaque point caractéristique étant défini par une paire de coordonnées (x, y) selon les directions X et Y respectivement, et éventuellement une coordonnée z selon la direction Z.The axis A of the section of track considered is defined by a set of characteristic points, each characteristic point being defined by a pair of coordinates (x, y) according to the directions X and Y respectively, and possibly a coordinate z according to the direction Z.

Le pré-positionnement des cales permettant le calage des rails 9a et 9b est réalisé au moyen d'un ensemble constitué d'au moins un premier chariot 1, et, de préférence, d'un deuxième chariot 2, et, de préférence encore, d'un troisième chariot 3.The pre-positioning of the wedges allowing the wedging of the rails 9a and 9b is carried out by means of an assembly consisting of at least a first carriage 1, and, preferably, a second carriage 2, and, more preferably, of a third carriage 3.

Le premier chariot 1 a pour fonction de mesurer automatiquement la position des semelles. Le premier chariot 1 est ainsi propre à circuler le long de la dalle en béton 5 et à relever la position de chaque semelle 8a, 8b, implantée dans le radier 7. Le premier chariot 1 est associé à des moyens de calcul qui permettent, à partir de la position absolue de chaque semelle, de déterminer un plan de calage. Dans le mode de réalisation envisagé, ces moyens de calcul sont embarqués à bord du premier chariot 1 au lieu d'être déportés au sol.The first carriage 1 has the function of automatically measuring the position of the soles. The first carriage 1 is thus suitable for circulating along the concrete slab 5 and for recording the position of each flange 8a, 8b, located in the slab 7. The first carriage 1 is associated with calculation means which allow, at from the absolute position of each sole, to determine a wedging plane. In the envisaged embodiment, these calculation means are on board the first carriage 1 instead of being deported to the ground.

Le deuxième chariot 2 a pour fonction de pré-positionner des cales sur chaque semelle en fonction d'un plan de calage. Avantageusement, le plan de calage utilisé par le deuxième chariot 2 est celui résultant de la mise en oeuvre du premier chariot 1. Le deuxième chariot 2 est destiné à circuler le long de la dalle en béton 5 avec un lot de diverses cales et à pré-positionner sur chaque semelle rencontrée des cales conformément au plan de calage. Ce second chariot 2 est associé à des moyens de calcul qui permettent, à partir du plan de calage, de sélectionner et de déposer des cales adaptées sur les semelles. Dans le mode de réalisation envisagé, ces moyens de calcul sont embarqués à bord du deuxième chariot 2 au lieu d'être déportés au sol.The second carriage 2 has the function of pre-positioning wedges on each sole according to a wedging plan. Advantageously, the wedging plane used by the second carriage 2 is that resulting from the implementation of the first carriage 1. The second carriage 2 is intended to circulate along the concrete slab 5 with a batch of various wedges and to pre - position wedges on each sole encountered in accordance with the wedging plan. This second carriage 2 is associated with calculation means which make it possible, from the wedging plan, to select and place suitable wedges on the soles. In the envisaged embodiment, these calculation means are on board the second carriage 2 instead of being deported to the ground.

Enfin, le troisième chariot 3 a pour fonction, une fois les rails calés et fixés sur les semelles, d'établir un relevé de la voie ferrée réalisée en vue d'une vérification par rapport au plan de voie initial. Ce troisième chariot 3 est associé à des moyens de calcul. Dans le mode de réalisation envisagé, ces moyens de calcul sont embarqués à bord du troisième chariot 3 au lieu d'être déportés au sol.Finally, the third carriage 3 has the function, once the rails have been wedged and fixed on the soles, to draw up a statement of the railway line produced with a view to verification with respect to the initial track plan. This third carriage 3 is associated with means of calculation. In the envisaged embodiment, these calculation means are on board the third carriage 3 instead of being deported to the ground.

Dans la présente description, la voie ferrée à réaliser est du type sans ballast, les rails étant supportés par des selles noyées dans une dalle en béton continue et non pas par un ensemble de traverses tenues dans le ballast.In the present description, the railway track to be produced is of the type without ballast, the rails being supported by saddles embedded in a continuous concrete slab and not by a set of sleepers held in the ballast.

De plus, comme représenté sur la figure 2, les rails sont fixés sur cette dalle en béton au moyen de systèmes de fixation spécifiques dites « selles », comportant une semelle ancrée dans le béton.Moreover, as shown in the picture 2 , the rails are fixed to this concrete slab by means of specific fixing systems called "saddles", comprising a sole anchored in the concrete.

Un rail, tel que le rail 9a, est constitué d'une partie supérieure ou champignon 13, d'une partie inférieure ou patin 15, et d'une portion intermédiaire entre le patin et le champignon ou âme 14.A rail, such as rail 9a, consists of an upper part or head 13, a lower part or slider 15, and an intermediate portion between the slider and the head or web 14.

La semelle 8a comporte une rainure 19 de réception du patin 15 du rail 9a.The sole 8a has a groove 19 for receiving the pad 15 of the rail 9a.

Pour positionner correctement la bande de roulement Aa du rail 9a conformément au plan de voie, des cales sont placées dans la rainure 19 autour du patin 15 : une cale verticale 10 interposée entre le fond de la rainure 19 et la face inférieure 16 du patin 15 pour ajuster la position de la bande de roulement verticalement ; des cales horizontales, respectivement extérieure 11 et intérieure 12, interposées entre les faces latérales, respectivement extérieure 17 et intérieure 18, du patin 15 et les faces en vis-à-vis de la rainure 19, pour ajuster la position de la bande de roulement dans un plan horizontal.To correctly position the tread Aa of the rail 9a in accordance with the track plan, wedges are placed in the groove 19 around the shoe 15: a vertical wedge 10 interposed between the bottom of the groove 19 and the underside 16 of the shoe 15 to adjust the tread position vertically; horizontal shims, respectively outer 11 and inner 12, interposed between the side faces, respectively outer 17 and inner 18, of pad 15 and the faces facing groove 19, to adjust the position of the tread in a horizontal plane.

Le rail 9a est maintenu en position dans la rainure 19 par une paire d'attaches 21, qui prennent appui sur une face supérieure du patin 15, de part et d'autre de l'âme 14 de celui-ci, et sont solidarisées à la semelle 8a par des tirants 20 (sur la figure 2, seule une attache de la paire d'attache du système de fixation est représentée).The rail 9a is held in position in the groove 19 by a pair of fasteners 21, which rest on an upper face of the shoe 15, on either side of the core 14 of the latter, and are secured to the sole 8a by tie rods 20 (on the picture 2 , only one fastener of the pair of fasteners of the fastening system is shown).

Un repère d'origine P8 et d'axes X8, Y8 et Z8 est associé à chaque semelle, telle que la semelle 8a de la figure 2. Le plan Y8Z8 définit un plan transversal médian de la semelle 8a. L'axe X8 correspond par exemple à une arrête entre le fond et une face latérale (par exemple la face latérale extérieure) de la rainure 19.An origin reference P8 and axes X8, Y8 and Z8 is associated with each sole, such as the sole 8a of the picture 2 . The Y8Z8 plane defines a median transverse plane of the sole 8a. The axis X8 corresponds for example to a stop between the bottom and a side face (for example the outer side face) of the groove 19.

Par position relative ou absolue d'une semelle, on entend avantageusement à la fois la localisation relative ou absolue de l'origine P8, mais également l'orientation relative ou absolue du trièdre X8Y8Z8. Ainsi, la position de la semelle 8a est donnée par six coordonnées, trois coordonnées de localisation et trois coordonnées d'orientation.By relative or absolute position of a footing is advantageously meant both the relative or absolute location of the origin P8, but also the relative or absolute orientation of the trihedron X8Y8Z8. Thus, the position of sole 8a is given by six coordinates, three location coordinates and three orientation coordinates.

En se référant à la figure 3, le premier chariot 1 va être présenté.By referring to the picture 3 , the first carriage 1 will be presented.

Le premier chariot 1 comporte un premier châssis automobile et embarque des premiers moyens de calcul, des premiers moyens de radiocommunication, des premiers moyens de positionnement et des moyens de détection des semelles.The first carriage 1 comprises a first automotive chassis and embeds first computing means, first radio communication means, first positioning means and sole detection means.

Le châssis 25 est un cadre rigide sensiblement rectangulaire.Chassis 25 is a substantially rectangular rigid frame.

Le châssis 25 est automobile. Il est monté sur quatre roues 26, qui, de préférence, intègrent des moyens de propulsion, tels que des moteurs électriques. Dans ce cas, le premier chariot 1 embarque des batteries (non représentées sur la figure 3).Chassis 25 is automotive. It is mounted on four wheels 26, which preferably incorporate means of propulsion, such as electric motors. In this case, the first carriage 1 carries batteries (not shown on the picture 3 ).

Les roues 26 sont des roues à pneu ou à chenille permettant un roulement sur le béton de la dalle de support de la voie 5. L'écartement entre les roues 26 est par exemple supérieur à la largeur du radier 7 pour permettre une circulation du premier chariot 1 sur la dalle de fondation 6.The wheels 26 are tires or caterpillar wheels allowing rolling on the concrete of the support slab of the track 5. The spacing between the wheels 26 is for example greater than the width of the slab 7 to allow circulation of the first trolley 1 on the foundation slab 6.

Les premiers moyens de calcul 35 permettent de piloter le déplacement du premier chariot 1, de préférence automatiquement à partir de la connaissance du plan de voie.The first calculation means 35 make it possible to control the movement of the first carriage 1, preferably automatically from the knowledge of the track plan.

Un repère d'origine P1 et d'axes X1, Y1 et Z1 est associé au châssis 25 : l'axe X1 correspond à un axe longitudinal du premier chariot 1, l'axe Y1 à un axe transversal, et l'axe Z1 à un axe orthogonal aux axes X1 et Y1.An origin reference P1 and axes X1, Y1 and Z1 is associated with the frame 25: the axis X1 corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the first carriage 1, the axis Y1 to a transverse axis, and the axis Z1 to an axis orthogonal to the X1 and Y1 axes.

Pour déterminer la position absolue du premier chariot 1, le châssis 25 porte des moyens de positionnement, qui sont par exemple constitués de trois dioptres 31, 32, et 33. Une station totale 4 mesure, de préférence à chaque instant (mode de fonctionnement en suivi ou « tracking ») la localisation absolue du point P1 et l'orientation absolue des axes X1, Y1 et Z1, c'est-à-dire la position du châssis 25 dans le repère absolu P, X, Y, Z.To determine the absolute position of the first carriage 1, the frame 25 carries positioning means, which for example consist of three diopters 31, 32, and 33. A total station 4 measures, preferably at each instant (mode of operation in followed or "tracking") the absolute location of the point P1 and the absolute orientation of the axes X1, Y1 and Z1, that is to say the position of the frame 25 in the absolute reference P, X, Y, Z.

Les mesure déterminées par la station totale 4 sont retransmises aux moyens de calcul 35, via des premiers moyens de radiocommunication 40. Les moyens de calcul 35 connaissent donc la position absolue instantanée du châssis 25.The measurements determined by the total station 4 are retransmitted to the calculation means 35, via first radio communication means 40. The calculation means 35 therefore know the instantaneous absolute position of the frame 25.

Le premier chariot 1 embarque des moyens de détection permettant de déterminer la position relative de chaque semelle rencontrée au cours du déplacement du premier chariot 1 le long de la voie.The first carriage 1 embeds detection means making it possible to determine the relative position of each sole encountered during the movement of the first carriage 1 along the track.

De préférence, ces moyens de détection comportent une paire de scanners, cette paire étant formée d'un scanner droit 41a permettant de scanner les semelles 8a de fixation des rails droits 9a et un scanner gauche 41b permettant de scanner les semelles 8b de fixation des rails gauches 9b. Les adjectifs droit et gauche sont relatifs au sens de circulation le long de la voie, qui est donné par l'orientation de l'axe A.Preferably, these detection means comprise a pair of scanners, this pair being formed of a right scanner 41a allowing the fixing soles 8a of the right rails 9a to be scanned and a left scanner 41b allowing the fixing soles 8b of the rails to be scanned. left 9b. The adjectives right and left are relative to the direction of circulation along the track, which is given by the orientation of the axis A.

Pour accélérer le processus de relevé de la position relative des semelles, le premier chariot 1 comporte avantageusement une pluralité de paires de scanners. Sur la figure 3, le premier chariot 1 comporte ainsi quatre paires de scanners respectivement 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b et 44a, 44b.To speed up the process of recording the relative position of the soles, the first carriage 1 advantageously comprises a plurality of pairs of scanners. On the picture 3 , the first carriage 1 thus comprises four pairs of scanners respectively 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b and 44a, 44b.

Un scanner est constitué d'un laser et d'une caméra. Le laser émet un faisceau qui balaie une zone à l'avant du scanner. La caméra détecte le signal lumineux réfléchi par tout obstacle. Par exemple, le scanner fonctionne dans le domaine infrarouge.A scanner consists of a laser and a camera. The laser emits a beam that scans an area in front of the scanner. The camera detects the light signal reflected by any obstacle. For example, the scanner works in the infrared range.

Un scanner permet ainsi de réaliser un relevé en trois dimensions, ou relevé 3D, de chaque semelle observée. Ce relevé 3D est établi dans un repère associé au scanner.A scanner thus makes it possible to produce a three-dimensional survey, or 3D survey, of each sole observed. This 3D survey is established in a marker associated with the scanner.

Un tel relevé 3D présente une très grande précision, de l'ordre du dixième de millimètre. Le maximum de précision est obtenu lorsque le scanner est déplacé sensiblement à un mètre au-dessus de la semelle et l'observe sous un angle faible mais non nul.Such a 3D survey has very high precision, of the order of a tenth of a millimeter. The maximum precision is obtained when the scanner is moved approximately one meter above the sole and observes it under a low but not zero angle.

Les différents scanners sont connectés aux moyens de calcul 35.The various scanners are connected to the computing means 35.

Les moyens de calcul 35 sont propres à comparer le relevé 3D réalisé par un scanner à un modèle en trois dimensions, ou modèle 3D, de la semelle. Ce modèle 3D est par exemple fourni par le fabricant de la semelle.The calculation means 35 are suitable for comparing the 3D reading produced by a scanner with a three-dimensional model, or 3D model, of the sole. This 3D model is for example provided by the manufacturer of the sole.

Le résultat de cette opération de comparaison permet de déterminer la position relative de la semelle observée par rapport au scanner d'observation.The result of this comparison operation makes it possible to determine the relative position of the sole observed with respect to the observation scanner.

Dans ce premier mode de réalisation du premier chariot, les scanners sont fixés directement sur le châssis 25. Connaissant la position de chaque scanner sur le châssis 25, la position relative de la semelle observée par rapport au châssis 25 du premier chariot 1 peut être déterminée.In this first embodiment of the first carriage, the scanners are fixed directly to the frame 25. Knowing the position of each scanner on the frame 25, the relative position of the sole observed with respect to the frame 25 of the first carriage 1 can be determined .

Enfin, puisque la position absolue du châssis 25 du premier chariot 1 au moment où la semelle a été observée est également connue, les premiers moyens de calcul 35 sont propres à déterminer la position absolue de chaque semelle observée.Finally, since the absolute position of the frame 25 of the first carriage 1 at the time when the sole was observed is also known, the first calculating means 35 are suitable for determining the absolute position of each sole observed.

L'information de position absolue d'une semelle est sauvegardée dans une base de données des moyens de calcul 35. Dans cette base de données, chaque semelle est identifiée par un identifiant unique (par exemple le point kilométrique de son implantation le long de la voie).The absolute position information of a sole is saved in a database of the calculation means 35. In this database, each sole is identified by a unique identifier (for example the kilometric point of its location along the way).

En complément, chaque semelle porte avantageusement une étiquette d'identification, pouvant être lue à distance par des moyens de lecture adaptés à bord des chariots. Il s'agit par exemple d'un QR Code ou d'une puce RFID.In addition, each sole advantageously carries an identification tag, which can be read remotely by reading means adapted on board the carriages. This is for example a QR Code or an RFID chip.

Selon le premier mode de réalisation de la figure 3, le premier chariot 1 est propre à se déplacer de manière continue (par exemple à 5 km/h) le long de la voie et les scanners détectent les semelles au fur et à mesure de ce déplacement.According to the first embodiment of the picture 3 , the first carriage 1 is capable of moving continuously (for example at 5 km/h) along the track and the scanners detect the soles as this movement progresses.

Ce mode de réalisation nécessite cependant que les composants qui interviennent dans la mesure de la position absolue des semelles soient de qualité, pour obtenir une précision suffisante. Il s'agit donc d'une solution mettant en oeuvre des composants plus complexes et par conséquent plus coûteux.This embodiment, however, requires that the components involved in measuring the absolute position of the soles be of high quality, in order to obtain sufficient precision. It is therefore a solution implementing more complex and consequently more expensive components.

Pour atteindre à moindre coûts la même précision, un second mode de réalisation est envisagé, qui est illustré sur les figures 4 et 5. Dans ce second mode de réalisation, les scanners ne sont plus fixés directement sur le châssis 25, mais sont montés sur un plateau 27, qui est mobile par rapport au châssis 25.To achieve the same precision at a lower cost, a second embodiment is envisaged, which is illustrated in the figure 4 and 5 . In this second embodiment, the scanners are no longer fixed directly to frame 25, but are mounted on a plate 27, which is movable relative to frame 25.

Le plateau 27 est actionné par un moteur 28 du type pas à pas, pour un déplacement du plateau 27 le long de glissières disposées selon l'axe longitudinal X1 du châssis 25, c'est-à-dire sensiblement selon l'axe A de la voie.The plate 27 is actuated by a motor 28 of the stepping type, for a movement of the plate 27 along slideways arranged along the longitudinal axis X1 of the frame 25, that is to say substantially along the axis A of the way.

Dans ce second mode de réalisation, le premier chariot 1 est arrêté en un point kilométrique. La position absolue du châssis 25 est mesurée au moyen de la station totale 4. Puis, le plateau 27 est déplacé par rapport au châssis 25 entre une position avant (figure 4) et une position arrière (figure 5) de manière à scanner l'ensemble des semelles d'une portion de la voie, qui sont essentiellement situées au-dessous du premier chariot 1. Pour obtenir la position absolue des semelles, il suffit de tenir compte de la position relative du plateau 27 par rapport au châssis au moment où cette semelle est observée par un scanner. Puis, le procédé est itéré en déplaçant le chariot pour l'arrêter en un point kilométrique permettant de scanner les semelles de la portion suivante de la voie. Le procédé est itéré avec ou sans recouvrement des portions de voie scannées entre elles, en fonction de la fiabilité des mesures effectuées par le premier chariot. Ce second mode de réalisation permet d'atteindre une certaine précision, puisqu'un moteur pas à pas permet de déterminer suffisamment précisément la position relative instantanée du plateau 27 par rapport au châssis 25.In this second embodiment, the first carriage 1 is stopped at a kilometric point. The absolute position of the frame 25 is measured by means of the total station 4. Then, the plate 27 is moved relative to the frame 25 between a forward position ( figure 4 ) and a rear position ( figure 5 ) so as to scan all the soles of a portion of the track, which are essentially located below the first carriage 1. To obtain the absolute position of the soles, it suffices to take into account the relative position of the plate 27 relative to the chassis when this sole is observed by a scanner. Then, the process is iterated by moving the carriage to stop it at a kilometric point allowing the soles of the next portion of the track to be scanned. The method is iterated with or without overlapping of the scanned track portions with each other, depending on the reliability of the measurements made by the first carriage. This second embodiment makes it possible to achieve a certain precision, since a stepper motor makes it possible to determine sufficiently precisely the instantaneous relative position of the plate 27 with respect to the frame 25.

Les moyens de calcul 35 sont propres à exécuter un algorithme de détermination d'un plan de calage à partir du plan de voie initial et des informations présentes dans la base de données de position des semelles.The calculation means 35 are suitable for executing an algorithm for determining a wedging plan from the initial track plan and the information present in the sole position database.

De préférence, les positions des semelles implantées sur une section de voie de l'ordre de 200 mètres sont d'abord mesurées, puis l'algorithme de détermination du plan de calage est exécuté pour établir un plan de calage pour cette section de voie. Cela permet de réduire l'impact d'une erreur de placement d'une semelle sur le profil de la voie réalisée en lissant les effets de cette erreur sur l'ensemble de la section considérée.Preferably, the positions of the soles installed on a section of track of the order of 200 meters are first measured, then the algorithm for determining the setting plan is executed to establish a setting plan for this section of track. This reduces the impact of an error in the placement of a sole on the profile of the track produced by smoothing the effects of this error on the whole of the section considered.

Avantageusement, si l'implantation d'une semelle est hors des tolérances absolues d'installation telles qu'indiquées par le plan de voie, une alerte est générée. Eventuellement, une opération de repositionnement de cette semelle est envisagée, consistant à desceller la semelle défectueuse et à replacer correctement une nouvelle semelle en faisant une reprise du béton du radier 7.Advantageously, if the installation of a sole is outside the absolute installation tolerances as indicated by the track plan, an alert is generated. Possibly, a repositioning operation of this footing is envisaged, consisting of unsealing the defective footing and correctly replacing a new footing by reworking the concrete of the slab 7.

L'algorithme mis en oeuvre pour déterminer le plan de calage est du même type que les algorithmes utilisés dans l'état de la technique. Il peut cependant être amélioré pour prendre en compte les six coordonnées de position des semelles.The algorithm implemented to determine the calibration plan is of the same type as the algorithms used in the state of the art. It can however be improved to take into account the six position coordinates of the footings.

Il permet non seulement de déterminer le plan de calage, mais éventuellement de mettre à jour le plan de voie. Ainsi, les tolérances de réalisation de la voie par la mise en oeuvre du présent convoi peuvent être considérablement réduites dès l'établissement du plan de voie.It not only makes it possible to determine the setting plan, but possibly to update the track plan. Thus, the tolerances of realization of the track by the implementation of this convoy can be considerably reduced as soon as the track plan is established.

La mise en oeuvre de l'algorithme comporte par exemple deux étapes.The implementation of the algorithm comprises for example two steps.

Dans une première étape, est calculée la différence entre le profil altimétrique absolu de la bande de roulement des rails donné par le plan de voie initial et le profil altimétrique absolu des semelles donné par les positions absolues des semelles mesurées avec le premier chariot 1.In a first step, the difference between the absolute altimetric profile of the tread of the rails given by the initial track plan and the absolute altimetric profile of the soles given by the absolute positions of the soles measured with the first trolley 1 is calculated.

A partir de cette information, un plan de calage est calculé en déterminant l'épaisseur de chacune des cales verticales qui conduisent au meilleur compromis sur la section de voie considérée, c'est-à-dire qui minimisent ladite différence entre profils altimétriques sur la section de voie considérée. Il s'agit d'un calcul qui est effectué sur une file de rails puis l'autre.From this information, a setting plan is calculated by determining the thickness of each of the vertical wedges which lead to the best compromise on the section of track considered, that is to say which minimize the said difference between altimetric profiles on the track section considered. This is a calculation that is performed on one line of rails then the other.

Dans une seconde étape, est calculée la différence entre un profil horizontal absolu de la bande de roulement des rails donné par le plan de voie initial et le profil horizontal absolu des semelles donné par les positions absolues des semelles mesurées avec le premier chariot 1.In a second step, the difference between an absolute horizontal profile of the tread of the rails given by the initial track plan and the absolute horizontal profile of the soles given by the absolute positions of the soles measured with the first carriage 1 is calculated.

A partir de cette information, le plan de calage est mis à jour en déterminant l'épaisseur de chacune des cales horizontales qui conduisent au meilleur compromis sur la section de voie considérée, c'est-à-dire qui minimisent ladite différence entre profils horizontaux sur la section de voie considérée. Il s'agit d'un calcul qui est d'abord réalisé pour une file de rails à la fois, puis qui est corrigé en tenant compte des deux files de rails à la fois de manière à maintenir l'écartement de la voie.From this information, the wedging plan is updated by determining the thickness of each of the horizontal wedges which lead to the best compromise on the section of track considered, that is to say which minimize said difference between horizontal profiles on the section of track considered. This is a calculation which is first carried out for one line of rails at a time, then which is corrected by taking into account the two lines of rails at the same time so as to maintain the gauge of the track.

Enfin, une troisième étape peut avantageusement être mise en oeuvre en mettant à jour le plan de calage afin de minimiser les déformations que l'on rencontre d'habitude entre deux files de rails : différence de rayons de courbure entre les rails, alignements vertical et horizontal, rotation autour de la direction transversale à la voie d'un rail par rapport à l'autre (ou « twist »), et surélévation d'un rail par rapport à l'autre (ou « cant »).Finally, a third step can advantageously be implemented by updating the calibration plan in order to minimize the deformations encountered usually between two rows of rails: difference in radii of curvature between the rails, vertical and horizontal alignments, rotation around the direction transverse to the track of one rail in relation to the other (or "twist"), and elevation of one rail relative to the other (or "cant").

Ainsi, le premier chariot 1 permet d'obtenir automatiquement un plan de calage. Le premier chariot 1 peut opérer quelles que soient les conditions sur site, notamment les conditions météorologiques. Les sources d'erreurs dans l'établissement du plan de calage sont éliminées.Thus, the first carriage 1 makes it possible to automatically obtain a setting plan. The first carriage 1 can operate whatever the conditions on site, in particular the weather conditions. Sources of error in establishing the calibration plan are eliminated.

Avantageusement, ce premier chariot 1 est suivi d'un second chariot 2 pour le pré-positionnement automatique des cales verticales et horizontales conformément au plan de calage obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du premier chariot 1.Advantageously, this first carriage 1 is followed by a second carriage 2 for the automatic pre-positioning of the vertical and horizontal wedges in accordance with the wedging plane obtained by the implementation of the first carriage 1.

En se référant à la figure 6, le deuxième chariot 2 comporte un deuxième châssis 55 automobile et embarque des deuxièmes moyens de calcul 65, des deuxièmes moyens de radiocommunication 60, des deuxièmes moyens de positionnement, un réservoir de cales et des moyens d'amenée des cales.By referring to the figure 6 , the second carriage 2 comprises a second automotive chassis 55 and carries second computing means 65, second radio communication means 60, second positioning means, a shim reservoir and means for supplying the shims.

Le châssis 55 est de forme sensiblement rectangulaire. Le châssis 55 est mobile pour pouvoir circuler le long de la voie en construction. Il est muni de quatre roues 56, similaires à celles équipant le premier chariot 1.Frame 55 is substantially rectangular in shape. The frame 55 is movable to be able to circulate along the track under construction. It is provided with four wheels 56, similar to those fitted to the first carriage 1.

Un repère d'origine P2 et d'axe X2, Y2 et Z2 est associé au châssis 55 : l'axe X2 correspond à un axe longitudinal du deuxième chariot 2, l'axe Y2 à un axe transversal, et l'axe Z2 à un axe orthogonal aux axes X2 et Y2.A reference point of origin P2 and of axis X2, Y2 and Z2 is associated with the frame 55: the axis X2 corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the second carriage 2, the axis Y2 to a transverse axis, and the axis Z2 to an axis orthogonal to the X2 and Y2 axes.

Le châssis 55 porte des dioptres 51, 52 en tant que deuxièmes moyens de positionnement, qui permettent à une station totale 4 de déterminer, de préférence à chaque instant, la position absolue du châssis 55.Frame 55 carries diopters 51, 52 as second positioning means, which allow a total station 4 to determine, preferably at any time, the absolute position of frame 55.

Cette position absolue mesurée par une station totale est transmise aux moyens de calcul 65 du deuxième chariot 2, via les moyens de radiocommunication 60.This absolute position measured by a total station is transmitted to the calculation means 65 of the second carriage 2, via the radio communication means 60.

En variante, la position absolue du deuxième chariot 2 est simplement obtenue par un système odométrique permettant de mesurer la distance parcourue par le deuxième chariot 2 le long de la voie, depuis un point kilométrique de référence.As a variant, the absolute position of the second carriage 2 is simply obtained by an odometric system making it possible to measure the distance traveled by the second carriage 2 along the track, from a reference kilometric point.

Les moyens de calcul 65 mémorisent un plan de calage. Le plan de calage est avantageusement transmis aux moyens de calcul 65 par les moyens de calcul 35 du premier chariot 1, via une liaison de communication établie entre les moyens de radiocommunication 40 du premier chariot 1 et les moyens de radiocommunication 60 du deuxième chariot 2.Calculation means 65 memorizes a calibration plan. The setting plan is advantageously transmitted to the calculation means 65 by the calculation means 35 of the first trolley 1, via a communication link established between the radio communication means 40 of the first trolley 1 and the radio communication means 60 of the second trolley 2.

Le second chariot 2 comporte un réservoir 57 de stockage de cales, verticales 10, horizontales extérieures 11 et horizontales intérieures 12, de toutes les épaisseurs possibles.The second carriage 2 comprises a reservoir 57 for storing wedges, vertical 10, horizontal exterior 11 and horizontal interior 12, of all possible thicknesses.

Le deuxième chariot 2 comporte des moyens d'amenée permettant de sélectionner des cales dans le réservoir 57, et de les déposer sur une semelle au-dessus de laquelle circule le deuxième chariot 2.The second carriage 2 comprises supply means making it possible to select wedges from the reservoir 57, and to deposit them on a sole above which the second carriage 2 circulates.

Par exemple, dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les moyens d'amenée sont constitués de deux bras robotisés, respectivement droit 61a et gauche 61b, pour pré-positionner des cales, respectivement sur une semelle droite 8a et sur une semelle gauche 8b.For example, in a preferred embodiment, the supply means consist of two robotic arms, respectively right 61a and left 61b, to pre-position wedges, respectively on a right sole 8a and on a left sole 8b.

Un bras robotisé est commandé par les moyens de calcul 65, qui, à partir de la position absolue du deuxième chariot 2 et l'identifiant de la semelle au-dessus de laquelle le deuxième chariot 2 se trouve, lit le plan de calage pour déterminer les caractéristiques des cales adaptées à cette semelle. Lorsque l'identifiant d'une semelle est donné par un point kilométrique, il est déterminé à partir de la position absolue du deuxième chariot 2.A robotic arm is controlled by the calculation means 65, which, from the absolute position of the second carriage 2 and the identifier of the sole above which the second carriage 2 is located, reads the wedging plan to determine the characteristics of the cleats adapted to this sole. When the identifier of a sole is given by a kilometric point, it is determined from the absolute position of the second carriage 2.

Les moyens de calcul 65 commandent alors un bras robotisé pour qu'il aille chercher dans le réservoir 57 les cales adaptées et les dépose sur la semelle considérée.The computing means 65 then command a robotic arm to seek the appropriate wedges from the reservoir 57 and place them on the sole in question.

En variante, le réservoir est subdivisé en compartiments, chaque compartiment recevant des cales d'un type verticale ou horizontale particulier et d'une épaisseur particulière. Les moyens d'amenée comporte alors, sur chaque compartiment, un dispositif de distribution automatique qui, lorsqu'il est commandé par le moyen de calcul 65, dépose une cale sur un tapis roulant, propre à déplacer la cale déposée vers un toboggan, qui permet de déposer la cale sur la semelle considérée.As a variant, the tank is subdivided into compartments, each compartment receiving wedges of a particular vertical or horizontal type and of a particular thickness. The supply means then comprises, on each compartment, an automatic dispensing device which, when it is controlled by the calculation means 65, deposits a wedge on a treadmill, capable of moving the deposited wedge towards a slide, which allows the wedge to be placed on the sole in question.

Après le passage du deuxième chariot 2 et une fois que les cales ont été pré-positionnées sur les semelles d'une section de voie, les rails 9a, 9b sont installés. Plus précisément, un opérateur place correctement les cales 10, 11 et 12 dans la rainure 19 de la semelle 8a ou 8b, et le patin 15 du rail 9a ou 9b est logé entre les cales. Des attaches 21 sont placées de part et d'autre du rail et fixées à la semelle.After the passage of the second carriage 2 and once the wedges have been pre-positioned on the soles of a track section, the rails 9a, 9b are installed. More specifically, an operator correctly places the wedges 10, 11 and 12 in the groove 19 of the sole 8a or 8b, and the shoe 15 of the rail 9a or 9b is housed between the wedges. Fasteners 21 are placed on either side of the rail and fixed to the sole.

Avantageusement, après avoir fixé le rail, un troisième chariot 3 circule sur la voie ferrée réalisée pour effectuer un relevé de la topologie de la voie. Ce troisième chariot 3 est conforme aux chariots de l'état de la technique pour réaliser un tel relevé.Advantageously, after having fixed the rail, a third carriage 3 travels on the railway track created to carry out a survey of the topology of the track. This third carriage 3 conforms to the carriages of the state of the art for carrying out such a reading.

La figure 7 est une représentation sous forme de blocs du procédé d'ajustement automatique des rails selon l'invention.The figure 7 is a representation in the form of blocks of the method of automatic adjustment of the rails according to the invention.

Pour une section de voie, par exemple de 200 mètres, ce procédé est mis en oeuvre à l'issue d'une phase 100 d'implantation des semelles dans le béton du radier de support de la voie.For a section of track, for example of 200 meters, this method is implemented at the end of a phase 100 of implantation of the soles in the concrete of the track support raft.

Le procédé d'ajustement comporte une première phase 100 correspondant à l'utilisation du premier chariot 1.The adjustment method includes a first phase 100 corresponding to the use of the first carriage 1.

Au cours de cette première phase, le premier chariot 1 est arrêté dans une position prédéfinie le long de la voie.During this first phase, the first carriage 1 is stopped in a predefined position along the track.

A l'étape 212, les scanners élaborent des relevés 3D des semelles observables.At step 212, the scanners produce 3D surveys of the observable soles.

A l'étape 214, chaque relevé 3D est comparé à un modèle 3D de référence, pour obtenir une position relative de la semelle observée par rapport au premier chariot 1.At step 214, each 3D reading is compared with a reference 3D model, to obtain a relative position of the sole observed with respect to the first carriage 1.

A l'étape 216, la position absolue de chaque semelle est calculée à partir du résultat de l'étape de comparaison et de la position absolue du premier chariot 1 communiquée par la station totale 4.At step 216, the absolute position of each sole is calculated from the result of the comparison step and the absolute position of the first carriage 1 communicated by the total station 4.

Enfin, à l'étape 218, la position absolue et l'identifiant de la semelle sont mémorisés dans une base de données.Finally, at step 218, the absolute position and the identifier of the sole are stored in a database.

Cet ensemble 210 d'étapes est itéré, après avoir déplacé le premier chariot 1 d'une distance prédéfinie.This set 210 of steps is iterated, after having moved the first carriage 1 by a predefined distance.

Après avoir scanné les semelles de la section de voie, le plan de calage est déterminé au cours de l'étape 220.After having scanned the soles of the track section, the setting plan is determined during step 220.

A l'étape 230, le plan de calage est avantageusement transmis vers le deuxième chariot 2.At step 230, the calibration plan is advantageously transmitted to the second carriage 2.

Le procédé d'ajustement se poursuit par une seconde phase 300 correspondant à l'utilisation du deuxième chariot 2.The adjustment process continues with a second phase 300 corresponding to the use of the second carriage 2.

A l'étape 310, le deuxième chariot 2 reçoit le plan calage établi pour la section de voie.At step 310, the second carriage 2 receives the setting plan established for the section of track.

Le deuxième chariot 2 est déplacé le long de cette section de voie (étape 311).The second carriage 2 is moved along this track section (step 311).

A l'étape 322, le deuxième chariot 2 identifie la semelle au-dessus de laquelle il passe.At step 322, the second carriage 2 identifies the sole over which it passes.

A l'étape 324, le plan de calage est lu pour la semelle identifiée afin de connaître les cales adaptées.At step 324, the wedging plan is read for the identified sole in order to know the suitable wedges.

A l'étape 326, les cales adaptées sont pré-positionnées sur la semelle.At step 326, the appropriate wedges are pre-positioned on the sole.

Par déplacement successif 311, le second chariot 2 parcourt l'ensemble de la section de voie correspondant au plan de calage.By successive movement 311, the second carriage 2 traverses the whole of the track section corresponding to the setting plane.

Dans une phase 400, qui suit le procédé d'ajustement 200, 300, des rails sont fixés sur les semelles en interposant les cales pré-positionnées.In a phase 400, which follows the adjustment process 200, 300, rails are fixed to the soles by interposing the pre-positioned wedges.

Enfin, dans une phase 500 finale, le passage du troisième chariot 3 permet de relever le tracé de la voie réalisée à des fins de vérification.Finally, in a final phase 500, the passage of the third carriage 3 makes it possible to record the layout of the track made for verification purposes.

De nombreuses variantes sont envisageables. En particulier les moyens de calcul, au lieu d'être embarqués à bord de chacun des chariots, pourraient être déportés au sol, chaque chariot étant en radiocommunication avec une station au sol. Avantageusement, la station au sol regroupe les différents logiciels nécessaires au déplacement des différents chariots et aux opérations que chacun de ces chariots effectue.Many variations are possible. In particular, the calculation means, instead of being on board each of the carriages, could be deported to the ground, each carriage being in radio communication with a station on the ground. Advantageously, the ground station groups together the different software necessary for moving the different carriages and for the operations that each of these carriages performs.

Si, dans le mode de réalisation présenté en détail ci-dessus, le système de fixation du rail comporte une semelle fixée sur un radier, la présente invention peut être mise en oeuvre pour d'autres façons de fixer un rail. Par exemple, pour la réalisation d'une voie avec des traverses en béton, les extrémités d'une traverse sont généralement conformées pour présenter une rainure de réception du patin du rail. Dans ce cas, des cales peuvent être interposées directement entre le béton de la traverse et le patin du rail. Des agrafes sont par exemple utilisées pour finaliser la fixation du rail. Le terme d'embase est le terme générique désignant tout moyen de réception du rail pouvant accueillir des cales.If, in the embodiment presented in detail above, the rail fixing system comprises a flange fixed to a foundation raft, the present invention can be implemented for other ways of fixing a rail. For example, for the production of a track with concrete sleepers, the ends of a sleeper are generally shaped to have a groove for receiving the rail base. In this case, wedges can be interposed directly between the concrete of the sleeper and the base of the rail. Staples are for example used to finalize the fixing of the rail. The term base is the generic term designating any means of receiving the rail that can accommodate wedges.

Bien évidemment, l'invention peut être mise en oeuvre pour le cas où la fixation du rail ne permet un ajustement de ce dernier que par l'utilisation de cales verticales ou l'utilisation de cales horizontales.Obviously, the invention can be implemented in the case where the fixing of the rail only allows adjustment of the latter by the use of vertical wedges or the use of horizontal wedges.

Claims (9)

  1. An assembly for adjusting the rails (9a, 9b) of a railway track to be made, comprising a first carriage (1) for determining a shimming plan, the first carriage (1) being movable along a section of the railway track, said section being provided with a plurality of baseplates (8a, 8b) for receiving the rails of the track section, the first carriage (1) comprising:
    - a first chassis (25), which is automotive;
    - first positioning means (31, 32, 33) of the first carriage (1), which enable an absolute position of the first chassis (25) to be measured; and
    - baseplate detection means (41a, 41b) which allow a relative position of each baseplate of the track section to be determined with respect to the first chassis (25),
    the assembly further comprising first calculation means (35) programmed to establish a shimming plan for the track section on the basis of a track plan of the railway to be made and of the absolute positions of each baseplate of the track section, the absolute position of a baseplate being determined on the basis of the relative position of the said baseplate and of the absolute position of the chassis,
    characterised in that it comprises a second carriage (2) for pre-positioning shims on the rail-receiving baseplates of the track section, according to the shimming plan for said track section determined by means of the first calculation means (35), the second carriage (2) comprising:
    - a second chassis (55), which is automotive;
    - second positioning means (51, 52) of the second carriage (2), which make it possible to measure an absolute position of the second chassis (55);
    - a reservoir (57), which contains a plurality of horizontal and/or vertical shims of different thicknesses; and,
    - feeding means (61a, 61b), suitable for selecting a suitable shim from the reservoir (57) and placing it on the baseplate above which the second carriage (2) is located,
    the assembly further comprising second calculation means (65) capable of reading the shimming plan taking into account the absolute position of the second chassis (55) and of controlling the feeding means by indicating the shim to be selected.
  2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the detection means of the first carriage (1) comprise at least one scanner (41a, 41b), said scanner being adapted to perform a three-dimensional survey of an observed baseplate, and the first calculation means (35) being adapted to compare the three-dimensional survey performed with a three-dimensional model of a baseplate, so as to determine the relative position of the baseplate with respect to the chassis (25) of the first carriage (1).
  3. The assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first carriage (1) comprises a movable plate (27), which can move relative to the chassis (25), the detection means (41a, 41b) being fixed to the movable plate (27), and the determination of the absolute position of a baseplate being carried out by taking into account the relative position of the movable plate (27) with respect to the chassis (25) of the first carriage (1).
  4. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the positioning means of the first carriage (1) are constituted by a plurality of diopters (31, 32, 33) positioned on the chassis (25) of the first carriage (1), so that a total station (4) positioned along the track section can measure an absolute position of the chassis (25) of the first carriage and transmit the absolute position thus measured to the first calculation means (35).
  5. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the measurement of the relative position of a baseplate consists of measuring six coordinates corresponding to the relative location of a reference point of the baseplate and to the relative orientation of a reference trihedron associated with the baseplate, the shimming plan being determined by taking into account the six coordinates of the relative position of each baseplate.
  6. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reservoir consists of a plurality of compartments and the supply means consists of:
    - a plurality of automatic dispensing devices, each dispensing device being associated with a compartment,
    - a conveyor belt and a slide for depositing a shim delivered by an automatic dispenser on the baseplate over which the second carriage (2) runs.
  7. An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first calculation means are either aboard the first carriage or are located at a ground station.
  8. An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second calculation means are either aboard the second carriage, or located at a ground station.
  9. A method of adjusting the rails (9a, 9b) of a railway to be made, characterised in that it consists of using an assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8 to shim the rails in position.
EP21207231.8A 2020-11-10 2021-11-09 Assembly for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be created and associated method Active EP3995626B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2011518A FR3116067B1 (en) 2020-11-10 2020-11-10 Assembly for adjusting the rails of a railway track to be produced and associated method

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EP3995626A1 EP3995626A1 (en) 2022-05-11
EP3995626B1 true EP3995626B1 (en) 2023-01-25

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DK (1) DK3995626T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3116067B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2812671B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2006-07-14 Alstom METHOD FOR GUIDING A DEVICE FOR INSERTING ELEMENTS IN THE SOIL FOR PRODUCING A WORK, AND DEVICE FOR INSERTING AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT IN THE SOIL USING SUCH A METHOD OF GUIDING
CN108149535B (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-08-20 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 Method for detecting paving precision of track slab of CRTSIII slab ballastless track

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FR3116067A1 (en) 2022-05-13
EP3995626A1 (en) 2022-05-11
FR3116067B1 (en) 2023-12-08

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