EP3983128B1 - Broyeur - Google Patents

Broyeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3983128B1
EP3983128B1 EP19731701.9A EP19731701A EP3983128B1 EP 3983128 B1 EP3983128 B1 EP 3983128B1 EP 19731701 A EP19731701 A EP 19731701A EP 3983128 B1 EP3983128 B1 EP 3983128B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
pieces
guiding unit
knife assembly
knife
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19731701.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3983128C0 (fr
EP3983128A1 (fr
Inventor
Willem Fredrik SMIT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maxxeguard Data Safety BV
Original Assignee
MEF Beheer BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3983128A1 publication Critical patent/EP3983128A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3983128C0 publication Critical patent/EP3983128C0/fr
Publication of EP3983128B1 publication Critical patent/EP3983128B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/062—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives with rotor elements extending axially in close radial proximity of a concentrically arranged slotted or perforated ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/141—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with axial flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/146—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with a rotor comprising a plurality of axially contiguous disc-like segments each having at least one radially extending cutting element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2266—Feed means of revolving drum type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/162—Shape or inner surface of shredder-housings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shredder. More in particular, the present invention relates to a shredder configured for shredding confidential and/or sensitive data carriers, such as hard drives, and removable storage media such as USB or flash drives, floppy discs, data tapes and the like.
  • confidential and/or sensitive data carriers such as hard drives, and removable storage media such as USB or flash drives, floppy discs, data tapes and the like.
  • a shredder for shredding confidential and/or sensitive data carriers is known from WO201044658 .
  • a guillotine knife is used to cut the data carriers into very thin stripes.
  • a shredder according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from WO 2004/014559A1 . Further shredders are known from US 4993648A and US 2018/361389A1 .
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a shredder that is able to shred data carriers to sufficiently small pieces.
  • the shredder comprises a guiding system including a hollow rotatable guiding unit elongated in a first direction from a first end toward an opposing second end.
  • the guiding unit is configured to rotate about a rotational axis that is substantially parallel to the first direction.
  • the shredder further comprises a first knife assembly arranged inside the guiding unit and comprising a plurality of first rotatable knifes that are adjacently arranged in the first direction.
  • An elongated sieve extends in the first direction and is arranged spaced apart from the first knife assembly and faces a first side of the first knife assembly. A size of the openings of the sieve and/or a thickness of the first knifes decreases in the first direction.
  • the shredder comprises a drive system for driving the rotatable guiding unit and the plurality of first knifes.
  • the first knife assembly is configured to cut, punch, tear or otherwise deform pieces to be shredded fed to a second side of the first knife assembly into smaller pieces, and to push the smaller pieces through the openings of the sieve.
  • the guiding unit is configured to collect pieces that are pushed through the openings of the sieve and to provide the collected pieces to the second side of the first knife assembly for subsequent cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming.
  • the guiding unit is also configured to displace pieces that have been cut, punched, teared or otherwise deformed in the first direction before these pieces are provided to the second side of the first knife assembly for said subsequent cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming.
  • the pieces to be shredded are subjected to a sequence of cutting, punching, tearing or other deforming steps that take place on adjacent positions along the first direction.
  • the sieve can be divided into n segments, each segment being characterized by a respective size of the openings of the sieve.
  • the present invention does not require that the sieve is positioned underneath each first knife.
  • a sieve may only be provided in the last sections of the first knife assembly.
  • the first knifes may have a decreasing thickness in the first direction such that the first sections of the first knife assembly perform a shredding process without the resulting pieces being passed through a sieve. In any event, the pieces will be collected and transported by the guiding system.
  • the guiding unit may have the form of a hollow cylinder such as a drum.
  • the first direction may correspond to the axis of the cylinder.
  • the guiding system may be configured to collect the pieces that have been cut, punched, teared or otherwise deformed in segments formed on an inside of the guiding unit and to transport the collected pieces in a circumferential direction relative to the rotational axis before allowing the collected pieces to fall onto the first knife assembly.
  • the guiding unit can be configured to displace the pieces collected in the segments in the first direction before transporting them in said circumferential direction. Typically, the pieces are transported while being held in the same segments as the segments in which they were collected.
  • the guiding unit may be provided with a first wall connected to and extending from an inside of the guiding unit towards the first knife assembly, wherein the first wall spirals along the inside of the guiding unit from the first end toward the second end.
  • the guiding unit may further comprise a second wall connected to and extending from the inside of the guiding unit along the first direction, wherein the first and second walls define the segments on the inside of the guiding unit.
  • the first wall may be configured to displace the collected pieces in the first direction and the second wall may be configured to displace the collected pieces from the first side of the first knife assembly to the second side of the first knife assembly.
  • the guiding may comprise a plurality of said second walls and/or a plurality of said first walls.
  • the guiding system can be configured to displace the pieces that have been cut, punched, teared or otherwise deformed before collecting them in the segments.
  • the guiding unit may be provided with a plurality of spaced apart third walls connected to and extending from the inside of the guiding unit along a circumferential direction, and one or more fourth walls connected to and extending from the inside of the guiding unit along the first direction.
  • the third and fourth walls define the segments on the inside of the guiding unit, wherein each segment is associated with a respective section of the first knife assembly.
  • the guiding system may further comprise a plurality of displacement units, each displacement unit being associated with a respective section of the first knife assembly and being arranged in between the guiding unit and the sieve.
  • the displacement units are further configured for displacing pieces that were provided to the second side of the first knife assembly from a first segment among said plurality of segments to a second segment among said plurality of segments, wherein the second segment is positioned further along the first direction than the first segment.
  • the first knife assembly may comprise a plurality of knife groups adjacently arranged in the first direction, wherein first knifes belonging to the same knife group have an identical thickness, and wherein a thickness of the first knifes decreases between knife groups in the first direction.
  • the elongated sieve may comprise a plurality of sieve groups adjacently arranged in the first direction, wherein sieve openings belonging to the same sieve group have an identical size, and wherein a size of the sieve openings decreases between sieve groups in the first direction.
  • Each sieve group may correspond to a respective knife group. In other words, the number of sieve groups can be equal to or less than the number of knife groups.
  • Each knife group may correspond to a respective sieve group. In other words, the number of knife groups can be equal to or less than the number of sieve groups. In an embodiment, the number of knife groups is identical to the number of sieve groups.
  • the shredder may further comprise a fall guiding unit for guiding a fall of the pieces from the inside of the guiding unit to the second side of the first knife assembly.
  • a fall guiding unit for guiding a fall of the pieces from the inside of the guiding unit to the second side of the first knife assembly.
  • the exact moment in time at which a piece will fall from the inside of the guiding unit down towards the first knife assembly may differ as the weight, shape, and size of the pieces may differ.
  • a fall guiding unit can be used.
  • Such fall guiding unit may for example comprise two plates that are elongated in the first direction and that are positioned in an inclined manner relative to a vertical direction to form a funnel that tapers towards the first knife assembly.
  • the first knife assembly may comprise a first rotatable shaft extending in the first direction and on which the first knifes are mounted.
  • the first knife assembly may further comprise a second shaft arranged parallel to the first shaft and on which first counter elements are arranged.
  • Each first knife is configured to cooperate with a respective first counter element for the purpose of cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming pieces to be shredded.
  • the first counter elements may each comprise a respective second knife.
  • Each first knife, and the respective second knife it is configured to cooperate with, can be shaped identically.
  • the first and/or second knifes may each comprise a disc mounted to the first shaft or second shaft, respectively, each disc comprising an alternating arrangement in the circumferential direction of the disc of protruding portions and recessed portions. In this manner, cutting edges are formed at the interfaces between the protruding portions and recessed portions.
  • the protruding portions of the first knifes can be opposing the protruding portions of the second knifes. More preferably, the actual cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming the pieces to be shredded continuously comprises similar portions of the first and second knifes working together. Put differently, the angular position of the disc can be described by referring to a particular protruding portion. For example, a disc may comprise 6 protruding portions and 6 recessed portions.
  • the angular start position of each protruding portion can be expressed as -15, 45, 105, 165, 225, and 285 degrees and the angular start position of each recessed portion as 15, 75, 135, 195, and 255 degrees.
  • the angular position of the disc relative to a fixed reference point, such as the central axis of the first or second shaft, can be expressed in a similar manner.
  • an angular position of 0 degrees may correspond to an angular position of the disc in which a center of the first protruding portion is aligned with the vertical direction.
  • the angular positions of the discs of the first knifes are identical and the angular positions of the discs of the second knifes are identical.
  • the second and first knifes can be configured such that at a given moment in time, the angular positions of the discs of these knifes is identical, e.g. 0 degrees. Thereafter, the first knifes may be configured to rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise whereas the second knifes may be configured to rotate counter-clockwise or clockwise, respectively.
  • a distance between each protruding portion of the first and/or second knifes and the sieve, at a time when the protruding portion is facing a sieve opening, may be less than a size of that opening. In this manner, accumulation of pieces in between the sieve and knifes is prevented. If pieces cannot pass through the sieve openings, they will be transported in the recessed portion from the first side of the knife assembly to the second side of the knife assembly.
  • the second shaft may be rotatable.
  • a rotational movement of the first shaft can be mechanically coupled to a rotational movement of the second shaft
  • the first knife assembly preferably comprises a first gear connected to the first shaft, said first gear engaging a second gear that is connected to the second shaft.
  • the first and second shafts are configured to rotate clockwise and counter-clockwise, respectively, or vice versa.
  • the drive system may comprise a first motor, preferably an electrical motor, for rotating the guiding unit and one of the first shaft and the second shaft. It may be advantageous if the drive system further comprises a gear transmission to allow said one of the first shaft and the second shaft and the guiding unit to rotate at different speeds.
  • the guiding unit should rotate at such a speed that the collected pieces fall onto the first and/or second knifes at a second side of the first knife assembly. If the guiding unit rotates too slowly, pieces may fall next to the knife assemblies. If the guiding unit rotates too quickly, pieces may remain stuck against an inside of the guiding unit due to centrifugal forces.
  • the drive system may comprise a first motor, preferably an electrical motor, for rotating the guiding unit and a second motor, preferably an electrical motor, for rotating one of the first shaft and the second shaft.
  • the shredder may further comprise a collecting unit arranged near the second end of the guiding unit, wherein the collecting unit is configured to collect pieces that have been pushed through a last segment of the sieve.
  • This last segment is characterized in that the openings of the sieve in this segment are the smallest among the openings of the sieve. Hence, when pieces are pushed through these openings no further shredding is needed.
  • the collecting unit allows these pieces to be removed from the guiding unit for subsequent processing or storage.
  • the shredder may also comprise a feeding unit for feeding pieces to be shredded to one of the guiding unit and the second side of the first knife assembly near the first end. Consequently, the pieces to be shredded can be cut directly or can first be transported using the guiding unit.
  • This feeding unit may be arranged outside of the guiding unit.
  • the feeding unit may comprise a second knife assembly comprising a plurality of rotatable third knifes that are adjacently arranged in the first direction, and a further guiding unit spaced apart from the second knife assembly and configured to guide pieces that have been cut by the third knifes towards the guiding unit.
  • This second knife assembly may comprise a rotatable third shaft extending in the first direction on which the third knifes are mounted, and a fourth shaft parallel to the third shaft and on which second counter elements can be arranged.
  • Each third knife can be configured to cooperate with a respective second counter element for the purpose of cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming pieces to be shredded.
  • the third shaft may be driven by the drive system using the motor(s) that are used to drive the guiding unit and the first knife assembly or by a separate motor.
  • the shredder may further comprise fourth knifes mounted to the fourth shaft, and third counter elements mounted to the third shaft, wherein each fourth knife is configured to cooperate with a respective third counter element for the purpose of cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming pieces to be shredded, wherein the third knifes and the third counter elements are alternately arranged on the third shaft, and wherein the fourth knifes and the second counter elements are alternately arranged on the fourth shaft.
  • the third and/or fourth knifes may each comprise a disc mounted to the third shaft or fourth shaft, respectively, and comprise an alternating arrangement in the circumferential direction of protruding portions and recessed portions.
  • the mounting of the discs of the third and fourth knifes is such that protruding portions of adjacently arranged third knifes and/or the protruding portions of adjacently arranged fourth knifes are arranged with an angular offset relative to each other.
  • the first and second knifes of the first knife assembly may have the same angular positions of the discs, it is preferred to introduce an offset in the angular position between adjacent third or fourth knifes.
  • the third and fourth counter elements may each comprise a disc preferably having a smooth edge and mounted to the third shaft or fourth shaft, respectively.
  • the first and third shafts and the second and fourth shafts may be integrally connected.
  • an embodiment of a shredder 100 comprises a first frame part 101 that can be arranged on a floor and a second frame part 102 in which the moving part of shredder 100 to be discussed next are mounted.
  • Second frame part 102 comprises two spaced apart plates 103 that are mutually connected using bars 104.
  • Bars 104 are connected to guiding rollers 105 that rotatably support a guiding unit in the form of a hollow drum 110.
  • Drum 110 is elongated in a first direction thereof, which, in figure 1 , corresponds to the longitudinal direction of bars 104 from left to right.
  • Drum 110 can be rotated by a drive system 140 comprising an electric motor 141.
  • a drive shaft 145 of this motor is connected via a belt (not shown) to a roller shaft 146 that is connected to a guiding roller 105.
  • This is depicted in more detail in figure 3 .
  • guiding rollers 105 are provided in pairs, wherein one guiding roller 105 is actively driven by electric motor 141.
  • drive shaft 145 is further connected via a gear (not shown) and a transmission chain (not shown) to transmission gear 144.
  • This latter gear, as well as gear 142, is mounted to a first shaft 123.
  • Gear 142 is coupled to a gear 143 that is mounted to a second shaft 124.
  • shredder 100 comprises a first knife assembly 120 arranged inside drum 110, and a second knife assembly 150 arranged outside drum 110.
  • Cross sections of first knife assembly 120 and second knife assembly 150 are shown in figures 7 and 6 , respectively.
  • first knife assembly 120 comprises a plurality of first knifes 121 and second knifes 122 that are adjacently arranged in the first direction.
  • First knifes 121 are mounted to first shaft 123 and second knifes 122 to second shaft 124.
  • plates 103 comprise suitable bearings 106.
  • a sieve 130 is arranged that comprises a plurality of sieve openings 131, see figure 4 .
  • the size of the sieve openings decreases along the first direction. More in particular, sieve 130 can be divided into segments 130_1-130_4, each segment having a different size of sieve openings 131_1-131 4.
  • Each first knife 121 and each second knife 122 comprise a disc 125 having protruding portions 126 and recessed portions 127. At an interface between portions 126, 127, a cutting edge 128 is formed.
  • first knifes 121 are identical to each other and identical to second knifes 122.
  • each first knife 121 is mounted to first shaft 123 in a similar manner in the sense that all portions 126, 127 of all first knifes 121 align with each other in the first direction.
  • each second knife 122 is mounted to second shaft 124 in a similar manner in the sense that all portions 126, 127 of all second knifes 122 align with each other in the first direction.
  • first knifes 121 and second knifes 122 are positioned relatively close to sieve 130, for example at a distance not exceeding 2 mm. This prevents the accumulation of debris between knifes 121, 122 and sieve 130.
  • first knifes 121 and second knifes 122 can be divided into knife groups. In each knife group, the thickness of the knifes in that group is identical. However, the thickness of the knifes among different groups may vary. Similarly, the sieve may be divided into sieve groups, wherein a size of the sieve openings in a sieve group is constant whereas it varies among different sieve groups. As an example four sieve groups and four knife groups can be used wherein, in the first direction, the size of the sieve opening and the thickness of the knifes of the respective groups are, in mm, (9, 8), (7, 8), (5, 6), and (3.5, 6), respectively.
  • the third knife group comprises first and second knifes that have a thickness measured along the first direction, e.g. the thickness of the relevant discs, equal to 6 mm, whereas the size of the sieve openings of the third sieve group equals 5 mm.
  • the thickness of the knifes remains constant throughout the entire first knife assembly, but the sieve openings will decrease in size along the first direction.
  • second knife assembly 150 comprises a plurality of third knifes 151 mounted to first shaft 123 and a plurality of fourth knifes 152 mounted to second shaft 124. Similar to first knifes 121, third knifes 151 each comprise a disc 155 having protruding portions 156 and recessed portions 157. A cutting edge 158 is formed at the interface between portions 156, 157.
  • third knifes 151 and fourth knifes 152 do not cooperate with each other for the purpose of cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming pieces to be shredded. Instead, third knifes 151 cooperate with second counter elements 153 that are attached to second shaft 124. Similarly, fourth knifes 152 cooperate with third counter elements 154 that are attached to first shaft 123. More in particular, third knifes 151 and third counter elements 154 are alternately arranged on first shaft 123 and fourth knifes 152 and second counter elements 153 are alternately arranged on second shaft 124. Moreover, in the embodiment shown, there is no sieve arranged below second knife assembly 150. In addition, filling plates 159, which are fixedly arranged, are provided to partially surround counter elements 153, 154 to prevent debris from stacking up in between knifes 151, 152.
  • a feeding funnel 160 is provided in which a user may insert pieces 200 to be shredded. Feeding funnel 160 will guide these pieces towards second knife assembly 150. On the opposite side of second knife assembly 150 a guiding plate 161 is provided that guides the pieces that have been processed by second knife assembly 150 onto the inside wall of drum 110.
  • an inside wall of drum 110 comprises one or more spiral walls 111 (only one shown for illustrative purposes) that extends in the first direction in a spiraled manner.
  • the inside wall of drum 110 further comprises longitudinal walls 112 that extends in the first direction.
  • Spiral wall 111 induces a displacement of pieces that have been processed by first knife assembly 120 in the first direction.
  • Longitudinal walls 112 induce a rotational movement of these pieces to subject them to a subsequent processing by first knife assembly 120.
  • spiral wall 111 is shown schematically.
  • the actual design thereof, i.e. the number of spiral walls and the number of turns per unit length should be designed such that pieces are displaced in the first direction sufficiently far such that when they fall downward they will be collected in a segment that is positioned more downstream along the first direction.
  • first knife assembly 120 the pieces will be subjected to a cutting, punching, tearing or other deforming action performed by first knife assembly 120. Thereafter, if the pieces are smaller than sieve openings 131-1, they will pass through sieve openings 131-1 and fall onto the inside wall of drum 110. There, the sequence of displacement in the first direction and subsequent displacement in the circumferential direction will be repeated. This will cause the pieces to subsequently fall onto first knife assembly 120 at an even further position along the first direction. The pieces will be subjected to a sieving action using a decreasing size of the sieve openings 131. Consequently, when viewed along the first direction, the sizes of pieces 200 will decrease. This is illustrated in figure 5 .
  • FIG 4 four discrete segments of sieve 130 are shown that each have a single size of sieve opening 131.
  • a size of sieve openings 131 will be constant in the circumferential direction but the size will gradually decrease in the first direction.
  • a funnel shaped fall guiding unit is provided that comprises opposing walls 162A, 162B.
  • a collecting unit 170 is provided in the form of a guiding plate. This plate will transport pieces that have been processed by an end part of first knife assembly 120 to outside drum 110 where they may be collected in a container.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the concept of the present invention for an embodiment of a shredder of which the inside wall comprises two longitudinal walls 112-1, 112-2, and two spiral walls 111-1, 111-2.
  • Figure 8 the bottom section, illustrates a segment of the inside wall of the drum if it were cut along a straight line in the first direction and if the inside wall were laid flat. In figure 8 , such cut is made through longitudinal wall 112-1. Accordingly, to again form a drum, the top side of the inside wall shown in figure 8 has to be connected to the bottom side. Furthermore, the top section of figure 8 illustrates a cross section of drum 110 perpendicular to the first direction.
  • FIG 8 bottom section, a plurality of segments S1-1 - S1-5 and S2-1 - S2-5 can be identified.
  • spiral wall 111-2 will push against piece 200 thereby displacing it to the right towards position p2.
  • piece 200 will be engaged by longitudinal wall 112-2, which at that time has moved to an angular position of 0 degrees.
  • the position of piece 200 in the first direction will not change as piece 200 will only change its circumferential position. More in particular, the angular position of piece 200 will change from 0 degrees towards -180 degrees.
  • this position is indicated at 180 degrees in figure 8 , i.e. as position p3.
  • piece 200 will fall downward to position p4. More in particular, piece 200 will fall from segment S1-2 into segment S2-3. Thereafter, piece 200 will be engaged by spiral wall 111-1 pushing piece 200 from position p4 to position p5. There, it will be engaged by longitudinal wall 112-2 bringing piece 200 to position p6. At this position, piece 200 will fall from segment S2-3 into segment S1-4 to arrive at position p7. Thereafter, piece 200 will be engaged by spiral wall 111-2 pushing piece 200 from position p7 to position p8. There, it will be engaged by longitudinal wall 111-2 bringing piece 200 to position p9. At this position, piece 200 will fall from segment S1-4 into segment S2-5 to arrive at position p10.
  • the present invention does not exclude a different number of longitudinal and/or spiral walls to be used.
  • a plurality of longitudinal walls and/or a plurality of spiral walls is used.
  • the inside of the drum is divided into segments. Each segment covers a particular positional range, e.g. between 30 cm and 40 cm in the first direction.
  • the design of the inside wall should be such that when a piece falls onto the first knife assembly and passes through the sieve openings it will be captured in a second segment other than the first segment in which it was carried to the top side of the drum.
  • the second segment should cover a positional range that is further along the first direction than the positional range of the first segment.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a different approach of a guiding unit configured to displace pieces that have been cut, punched, teared or otherwise deformed in the first direction before these pieces are provided to the second side of the first knife assembly for subsequent cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming.
  • first knife assembly 220 comprises a plurality of segments 221 arranged in the first direction. Similar to the previous embodiment, a sieve 230 is arranged below first knife assembly 220. Sieve 230 can also be divided into segments 231, each segment corresponding to a respective segment of first knife assembly 230, and wherein a size of the openings of sieve 230 decreases in the first direction. Preferably, the size of the openings of sieve 230 is constant within a segment 231 but differ among segments 231.
  • Inside wall 211 of drum 210 can also be divided into segments 212 that are formed using walls 213 that extend in the circumferential direction only. As shown, segments 212 correspond to segments 221 and segments 231.
  • a guiding plate 240 is arranged that displaces the pieces that have passed through sieve 230 to an adjacent segment 212 on inside wall 211 of drum 210. Consequently, pieces to be shredded are displaced in the first direction between the moment of cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming the pieces and the moment of providing the pieces to the second side of the first knife assembly for subsequent cutting, punching, tearing or otherwise deforming the pieces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Broyeur (100), comprenant :
    un premier ensemble de couteau (120 ; 220) comprenant une pluralité de premiers couteaux rotatifs (121) qui sont agencés de manière adjacente suivant une première direction ;
    un tamis allongé (130 ; 230) s'étendant dans la première direction et agencé de manière espacée par rapport au premier ensemble de couteau et faisant face à un premier côté du premier ensemble de couteau ; et
    un dispositif d'entraînement (140) destiné à entraîner la pluralité de premiers couteaux ;
    dans lequel le premier ensemble de couteau est configuré de manière à couper, poinçonner, cisailler ou déformer d'une autre manière des morceaux (200) à délivrer déchiquetés sur un second côté du premier ensemble de couteau en de plus petits morceaux, et à pousser les plus petits morceaux à travers les ouvertures (131, 131_1, 131_2, 131_3, 131_4) du tamis ;
    caractérisé en ce que le broyeur comprend, en outre, un dispositif de guidage comportant une unité de guidage creuse pouvant tourner, allongée dans la première direction à partir d'une première extrémité vers une seconde extrémité opposée, ladite unité de guidage étant configurée de manière à tourner autour d'un axe de rotation qui est sensiblement parallèle à la première direction ;
    dans lequel le premier ensemble de couteau est agencé à l'intérieur de l'unité de guidage, et dans lequel le dispositif d'entraînement est, en outre, configuré de manière à entraîner l'unité de guidage pouvant tourner ;
    dans lequel l'unité de guidage est configurée de manière à collecter des morceaux qui sont poussés à travers les ouvertures du tamis et à délivrer les morceaux collectés sur le second côté du premier ensemble de couteau afin d'assurer un découpage, poinçonnage, cisaillement ou déformation d'une autre manière ;
    dans lequel le dispositif de guidage est configuré de manière à déplacer des morceaux qui ont été coupés, poinçonnés, cisaillés ou déformés d'une autre manière dans la première direction avant que ces morceaux soient délivrés sur le second côté du premier ensemble de couteau afin d'assurer ledit découpage, poinçonnage, cisaillement ou déformation d'une autre manière ; et
    dans lequel une taille des ouvertures du tamis et/ou une épaisseur des premiers couteaux diminue suivant la première direction.
  2. Broyeur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif de guidage est configuré de manière à collecter les morceaux qui ont été coupés, poinçonnés, cisaillés ou déformés d'une autre manière dans des segments (S1-1, S1-2, S1-3, S1-4, S1-5, S2-1, S2-2, S2-3, S2-4, S2-5 ; 212) formés sur une face interne de l'unité de guidage et à transporter les morceaux collectés dans une direction circonférentielle par rapport à l'axe de rotation avant de permettre la chute des morceaux collectés sur le premier ensemble de couteau.
  3. Broyeur selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'unité de guidage est configurée de manière à déplacer les morceaux collectés dans les segments dans la première direction avant de les transporter dans ladite direction circonférentielle.
  4. Broyeur selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel l'unité de guidage comporte :
    une première paroi (111, 111-1, 111-2) reliée à une partie interne de l'unité de guidage et s'étendant à partir de celle-ci vers le premier ensemble de couteau, dans lequel la première paroi tourne en spirale le long de la partie interne de l'unité de guidage à partir de la première extrémité vers la seconde extrémité ; et
    une deuxième paroi (112, 112-1, 112-2) reliée à la partie interne de l'unité de guidage et s'étendant à partir de celle-ci dans la première direction, dans lequel les première et deuxième parois définissent lesdits segments sur la partie interne de l'unité de guidage ;
    dans lequel, de préférence, la première paroi est configurée de manière à déplacer les morceaux collectés dans la première direction et dans lequel la deuxième paroi est configurée de manière à déplacer les morceaux collectés à partir du premier côté du premier ensemble de couteau vers le second côté du premier ensemble de couteau, dans lequel l'unité de guidage comprend, de préférence, une pluralité desdites deuxièmes parois et/ou comprend une pluralité desdites premières parois.
  5. Broyeur selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le dispositif de guidage est configuré de manière à déplacer les morceaux qui ont été coupés, poinçonnés, cisaillés ou déformés d'une autre manière avant de les collecter dans les segments, dans lequel l'unité de guidage comporte, de préférence :
    une pluralité de troisièmes parois espacées (213) reliées à la partie interne de l'unité de guidage et s'étendant à partir de celle-ci suivant une direction circonférentielle, et
    une ou plusieurs quatrièmes parois reliées à la partie interne de l'unité de guidage et s'étendant à partir de celle-ci suivant la première direction, dans lequel les troisièmes et quatrièmes parois définissent lesdits segments sur la partie interne de l'unité de guidage, chaque segment étant associé à une section respective du premier ensemble de couteau ;
    dans lequel le dispositif de guidage comporte une pluralité d'unités de déplacement (240), chaque unité de déplacement étant associée à une section respective (221) du premier ensemble de couteau et étant agencée entre l'unité de guidage et le tamis, et étant configurée de manière à déplacer des morceaux qui ont été délivrés sur le second côté du premier ensemble de couteau à partir d'un premier segment parmi ladite pluralité de segments vers un second segment parmi ladite pluralité de segments, dans lequel le second segment est positionné davantage le long de la première direction que le premier segment.
  6. Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier ensemble de couteau comprend une pluralité de groupes de couteaux agencés de manière adjacente dans la première direction, dans lequel les premiers couteaux appartenant au même groupe de couteaux présentent une épaisseur identique, et dans lequel une épaisseur des premiers couteaux diminue entre les groupes de couteaux dans la première direction, dans lequel le tamis allongé comprend, de préférence, une pluralité de groupes de tamis agencés de manière adjacente dans la première direction, dans lequel les ouvertures de tamis appartenant au même groupe de tamis présentent une taille identique, et dans lequel une taille des ouvertures de tamis diminue entre les groupes de tamis dans la première direction, dans lequel chaque groupe de tamis correspond, de préférence, à un groupe de couteaux respectif, et dans lequel chaque groupe de couteaux correspond, de préférence, à un groupe de tamis respectif.
  7. Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant, en outre, une unité de guidage de chute (162A, 162B) destinée à guider une chute des morceaux de la partie interne de l'unité de guidage vers le second côté du premier ensemble de couteau, et/ou dans lequel l'unité de guidage comprend un tambour (110 ; 210).
  8. Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier ensemble de couteau comprend :
    un premier arbre tournant (123) s'étendant dans la première direction et sur lequel les premiers couteaux sont montés ; et
    un deuxième arbre (124) agencé parallèlement au premier arbre et sur lequel des premiers contre-éléments sont agencés ;
    dans lequel chaque premier couteau est configuré de manière à coopérer avec un premier contre-élément respectif dans le but de découper, poinçonner, cisailler ou déformer d'une autre manière des morceaux à déchiqueter, dans lequel, de préférence, les premiers contre-éléments comprennent chacun un deuxième couteau respectif, dans lequel, de préférence, chaque premier couteau, et le deuxième couteau respectif configuré de manière à coopérer avec ce dernier, sont formés de manière identique.
  9. Broyeur selon la revendication 8, dans lequel les premier et/ou deuxième couteaux comprennent chacun, de préférence, un disque (125) monté respectivement sur le premier arbre ou le deuxième arbre, chaque disque comprenant un agencement alterné, dans la direction circonférentielle du disque, de parties en saillie (126) et de parties en creux (127), dans lequel, dans la mesure où chaque premier couteau, et le deuxième couteau respectif configuré de manière à coopérer avec ce dernier, sont formés de manière identique, les parties en saillie des premiers couteaux sont, de préférence, opposées aux parties en saillie des deuxièmes couteaux au moment de couper les morceaux à déchiqueter et/ou dans lequel une distance entre chaque partie en saillie des premier et/ou deuxième couteaux et le tamis, à un moment où la partie en saillie est orientée face à une ouverture de tamis, est, de préférence, inférieure à une dimension de cette ouverture.
  10. Broyeur selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel le deuxième arbre peut tourner et dans lequel un mouvement de rotation du premier arbre est couplé mécaniquement à un mouvement de rotation du deuxième arbre, dans lequel le premier ensemble de couteau comprend, de préférence, un premier engrenage (142) relié au premier arbre, ledit premier engrenage engrenant sur un second engrenage (143) qui est couplé au deuxième arbre ;
    dans lequel le dispositif d'entraînement comprend, de préférence, un premier moteur, de préférence, un moteur électrique (141), afin de faire tourner l'unité de guidage et l'un du premier arbre et du deuxième arbre, le dispositif d'entraînement comprenant, en outre, de préférence, un boîtier de transmission (144) destiné à permettre audit un du premier arbre et du deuxième arbre et à l'unité de guidage de tourner à différentes vitesses, dans lequel le dispositif d'entraînement comprend, de préférence, un premier moteur, de préférence, un moteur électrique, afin de faire tourner l'unité de guidage et un second moteur, de préférence, un moteur électrique, afin de faire tourner l'un du premier arbre et du deuxième arbre.
  11. Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant, en outre, une unité de collecte (170) agencée à proximité de la seconde extrémité de l'unité de guidage, ladite unité de collecte étant configurée de manière à collecter les morceaux qui ont été poussés à travers un dernier segment du tamis.
  12. Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant, en outre, une unité d'alimentation destinée à délivrer des morceaux à déchiqueter à l'un de l'unité de guidage et du second côté du premier ensemble de couteau à proximité de la première extrémité, dans lequel l'unité d'alimentation est agencée à l'extérieur de l'unité de guidage, dans lequel l'unité d'alimentation comprend, de préférence, un deuxième ensemble de couteau (150) comprenant une pluralité de troisièmes couteaux rotatifs (151) qui sont agencés de manière adjacente dans la première direction, et une unité de guidage supplémentaire séparée par rapport au deuxième ensemble de couteau et configurée de manière à guider des morceaux qui ont été coupés par les troisièmes couteaux vers l'unité de guidage.
  13. Broyeur selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le deuxième ensemble de couteau comprend :
    un troisième arbre tournant (123) s'étendant dans la première direction sur lequel les troisièmes couteaux sont montés ; et
    un quatrième arbre (124) parallèle au troisième arbre et sur lequel des deuxièmes contre-éléments (153) sont agencés ;
    dans lequel chaque troisième couteau est configuré de manière à coopérer avec un deuxième contre-élément respectif dans le but de couper, poinçonner, cisailler ou déformer d'une autre manière des morceaux à déchiqueter ;
    le broyeur comprenant, en outre, de préférence, des quatrièmes couteaux (152) montés sur le quatrième arbre,
    et des troisièmes contre-éléments (154) montés sur le troisième arbre, dans lequel chaque quatrième couteau est configuré de manière à coopérer avec un troisième contre-élément respectif dans le but de couper, poinçonner, cisailler ou déformer d'une autre manière des morceaux à déchiqueter, dans lequel les troisièmes couteaux et les troisièmes contre-éléments sont agencés de manière alternée sur le troisième arbre, et dans lequel les quatrièmes couteaux, et les deuxièmes contre-éléments sont agencés de manière alternée sur le quatrième arbre.
  14. Broyeur selon la revendication 13, dans lequel les troisièmes et/ou quatrièmes couteaux comprennent chacun un disque (155) monté respectivement sur le troisième arbre ou quatrième arbre et comprenant un agencement alterné dans la direction circonférentielle de parties en saillie (156) et de parties en creux (157), dans lequel le montage des disques des troisièmes et quatrièmes couteaux est, de préférence, tel que des parties en saillie de troisièmes couteaux agencés de manière adjacente et/ou des parties en saillie de quatrièmes couteaux agencés de manière adjacente sont agencées avec un décalage angulaire les unes par rapport aux autres.
  15. Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 et 14, dans lequel les troisièmes et quatrièmes contre-éléments comprennent chacun un disque présentant, de préférence, un bord lisse et monté respectivement sur le troisième arbre ou le quatrième arbre ; et/ou
    dans lequel les premier et troisième arbres et les deuxième et quatrième arbres sont couplés de manière unitaire.
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