EP3980571A1 - Steel strip for flapper valves - Google Patents
Steel strip for flapper valvesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3980571A1 EP3980571A1 EP20817981.2A EP20817981A EP3980571A1 EP 3980571 A1 EP3980571 A1 EP 3980571A1 EP 20817981 A EP20817981 A EP 20817981A EP 3980571 A1 EP3980571 A1 EP 3980571A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- equal
- mpa
- strip according
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000273256 Phragmites communis Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/22—Martempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0268—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment between cold rolling steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
- F04B39/1073—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being reed valves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steel strip for flapper valves in compressors and other reed valve applications.
- Flapper or reed valves are used in various types of applications where a specific type of compression cycle is regulated for a specific purpose. It can be a refrigeration cycle in a hermetic reciprocating compressor working uninterrupted in a refrigerator or in the air conditioner of a car.
- a flapper valve is basically a spring made from a pre-hardened steel strip. In its simplest form, the flapper valve has a tongueshaped reed, where one end is fixed and the opposite end hangs free and regulates the liquid or gas flow in the compressor.
- the flapper valve reed (called“valve reed” in the following) suffers from both cyclic bending stresses and cyclic impact stresses during its service. Usually, these cyclic stresses eventually cause fatigue failure. Accordingly, the fatigue properties are of the utmost importance for the flapper valve reed material.
- a valve reed made of a steel strip of this invention has its fatigue properties optimized by the combined effect of modifications to the chemical composition and the heat treatment of the steel, plus superior control of non-metallic inclusion size, volume fraction and prevalent specie.
- Compressor OEMs require new materials that have a higher fatigue life than prior art materials in order to improve the compressor’s performance and life.
- COP coefficient of performance
- the 1 % carbon unalloyed steel of the type ASTM 1095 or EN Nr.: 1.1274 has in the past been the standard choice for non-stainless applications and various attempts have been made in order to improve the fatigue properties of said steel.
- JPS60128241 describes such an attempt by specifying the average size of the spheroidal carbides in the hot rolled strip.
- US2015/0030870 A1 discloses a steel strip having a limited area ratio of carbides not less than 0.5 mhi in the metallographic structure.
- WO2007/129979 A1 is directed to the improvement of the fatigue life by providing a coating on at least one side of the steel strip.
- the general object of the present invention is to provide a pre -hardened steel strip for flapper valve reed having an optimized combination of properties such that it can be manufactured by conventional methods of valve production and subsequently be used to produce more efficient and reliable compressors.
- a particular object is to provide a steel strip having improved bending fatigue strength.
- the arithmetic precision of the numerical values can be increased by one or two digits. Hence, a value given as e.g. 0.1 % can also be expressed as 0.10 % or 0.100%.
- Carbon is to be present in a minimum content equal to or greater than 0.9 %, preferably at least 0.95 % for obtaining the desired mechanical properties after hardening.
- the upper limit for carbon is equal to or less than 1.10 % and may be set to 1.05 %.
- Silicon is used for deoxidation.
- Si is a strong ferrite former and increases the carbon activity.
- Si is also a powerful solid- solution strengthening element and strengthens the steel matrix. This effect appears at a content of about 0.1 % Si and preferably the amount of Si is equal to or greater than 0.10 % Si and equal to or less than 0.50%.
- the lower limit may be set to 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 or 0.30 %.
- the upper limit may be set to 0.45,0.40, 0.35 or 0.30 %.
- Manganese is an austenite stabilizer and contributes to improve the hardenability of the steel. Manganese shall therefore be present in a minimum content equal to or greater than 0.20 %, preferably at least equal to or greater than 0.30 or equal to or greater than 0.35 or equal to or greater than 0.40 %. When the content of Mn is too large the amount of retained austenite after finish tempering may be too high.
- the steel shall therefore preferably have a Mn content that is equal to or less than 0.80 % Mn, more preferably equal to or less than 0.60 %. Chromium (0.05 - 0.30 %)
- Cr contributes to improve the hardenability of the steel. Therefore, Cr is present at a content equal to or greater than 0.05 %, preferable equal to or greater than 0.10 %. However, if more than 0.30 % is added then there is a risk for the undesired formation of pearlite, so preferably the amount of Cr is equal to or less than 0.30 %.
- Mo may optionally be added to the steel.
- Mo is a ferrite stabilizer and is known to have a very favourable effect on the hardenability.
- Molybdenum can be used for improving the secondary hardening response during tempering.
- the minimum content is preferably equal to or greater than 0.15 % and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.25 %.
- Molybdenum is strong carbide forming element and also a strong ferrite former. The maximum content of molybdenum is therefore preferably equal to or less than 0.40 %.
- Vanadium forms evenly distributed fine precipitated carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of the type V(N,C) in the matrix of the steel. Vanadium shall therefore preferably be present in an amount equal to or greater than 0.05 % and less than or equal to 0.20 %.
- the upper limit may be equal to or smaller than 0.18, 0.16, 0.14 or 0.12 %.
- the lower limit may be equal to or greater than 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09 or 0.10 %.
- Niobium (0.02 - 0.09 %)
- Niobium is similar to vanadium in that it forms carbonitrides of the type M(N,C) and may in principle be used to replace part of the vanadium but that requires the double amount of niobium as compared to vanadium.
- Nb(C,N) are much more stable than V(C,N) and may therefore not be dissolved during austenitising.
- the minimum amount of Nb preferably is equal to or greater than 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 or 0.05 % and maximum amount is equal to or less than 0.09, 0.08, 0.07 or 0.06 %.
- V+0.5Nb (0.10 - 0.16 %)
- V+0.5Nb is equal to or greater than 0.10 % and equal to or less than 0.16 % in order to optimize the amount of primary precipitated hard phases.
- N is an optional element which may be deliberately added to the steel.
- N is a strong austenite former and also a strong nitride former.
- N is restricted to be equal to or less than 0.15% in order to obtain the desired type and amount of hard phases, in particular MX, wherein M is mainly V and Nb but other metals like Cr and Mo may be present to some extent.
- X is one or both of C and N.
- a high nitrogen content may lead to work hardening, edge cracking and/or a high amount of retained austenite.
- carbonitrides of the above type will form. These may be partly dissolved during the austenitizing step and then precipitated during the tempering step as particles of nanometre size.
- the thermal stability of vanadium- carbonitrides and, in particular, niobium-carbonitrides is considered to be better than that of the corresponding carbides. Therefore, the resistance against grain growth at high austenitizing temperatures may enhanced by a deliberate addition of nitrogen.
- nitrogen is not deliberately added then it may only be present at the impurity content level of N.
- the impurity content should then preferably be limited to less than or equal to 0.03 %.
- the upper content of N as an impurity may be set to 0.02, 0.015 or 0.01 %. Aluminium ( ⁇ 0.05 %)
- Aluminium may optionally be used for deoxidation in combination with Si and Mn.
- the upper limit is restricted to being less than or equal to 0.05% to avoid precipitation of undesired phases such as AIN and hard, brittle Alumina inclusions.
- A1 is not deliberately added to the steel but is only present at the impurity level.
- These elements are carbide formers and may be present in the alloy in the claimed ranges for altering the composition of the hard phases. However, normally none of these elements are deliberately added.
- B may be used in order to further increase the hardness of the steel.
- the amount is limited to being equal to or less than 0.01%, preferably ⁇ 0.005 or even ⁇ 0.001 %.
- P and S are the main impurities, which can have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the steel strip.
- P may therefore be limited to equal to or less than 0.04 %, preferably equal to or less than 0.02 %.
- S may be limited to being equal to or less than 0.03 % or ⁇ 0.01, or ⁇ 0.008 or ⁇ 0.001 or ⁇ 0.0005 %.
- Austenite is undesirable and the amount of retained austenite is less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5%, more preferably is less than or equal to 3% and most preferably is zero (measured by XRD according to ASTM E975-13).
- the present inventors have systematically investigated the effect of a modified chemical composition and a modified heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the flapper valve reed material.
- the modifications made to the chemical composition relative to the conventional material were mainly focused on increases in the contents of vanadium, niobium and molybdenum.
- the tensile strength of the steel strip depends on the thickness of the strip. A thinner strip will have a higher tensile strength than a thicker strip. Accordingly, one can expect a thinner strip to also have a higher bending fatigue strength.
- the lower limit of the tensile strength may be equal to or greater than 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950 or 2000 MPa.
- the lower limit of the bending fatigue strength may be equal to or greater than 950, 1000, 1020 or 1040 MPa.
- the cold rolled strips used in these trials were produced from a route that is also the intended production route for the inventive product. It included:
- the cold rolled strips used for the trials all had a thickness of 0.381 mm and a width of 330 mm.
- the strips were subjected to martempering (hardening and tempering) in a continuous hardening line by austenitizing at 850 - 870 °C for approximately 3.5 minutes followed by quenching in a lead bath to around 350 °C and thereafter in an oil bath to approximately 200 °C followed by cooling between water cooled plates down to room temperature.
- the strips were thereafter subjected to an inline single tempering step, at temperatures ranging between 400 - 500°C for 2 minutes with the aim of achieving a target Rm of 1860 MPa ⁇ lOOMPa (Tested in accordance with ISO 6892). This target tensile level was chosen as the level typically used for this application, at this thickness.
- the material was slit to the desired width to carry out laser-based empirical flatness checks to confirm the suitability of the resulting strips to fulfil the demands of the final product.
- the hardened and tempered microstructures of the trial materials all consisted of approximately 4 - 7.5% retained secondary carbides with a mean diameter of 0.60 - 0.85pm (measured by image analysis based optical microscopy @xl000 magnification and confirmed by EBSD) with no measurable retained austenite (measured by XRD according to ASTM E975-13).
- the inventive steel strip can be used for producing flapper valve reeds for compressors having improved fatigue properties.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1950679A SE543422C2 (en) | 2019-06-07 | 2019-06-07 | Steel strip for flapper valves |
PCT/SE2020/050569 WO2020246937A1 (en) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-06-05 | Steel strip for flapper valves |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3980571A1 true EP3980571A1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
EP3980571A4 EP3980571A4 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20817981.2A Pending EP3980571A4 (en) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-06-05 | Steel strip for flapper valves |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3980571A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113939608A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112021024371A2 (en) |
SE (1) | SE543422C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020246937A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5827956A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-18 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Spring steel with superior wear resistance |
JPS61165079A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1986-07-25 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Valve with excellent impact fatigue strength |
JPH0347948A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-02-28 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Machine structural steel excellent in fatigue characteristic |
AU633737B2 (en) * | 1990-06-19 | 1993-02-04 | Nisshin Steel Company, Ltd. | Method of making steel for springs |
JP2756031B2 (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1998-05-25 | 三菱製鋼株式会社 | High strength spring steel |
JP2946798B2 (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1999-09-06 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | High strength spring steel |
JP3601388B2 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2004-12-15 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Method of manufacturing steel wire and steel for steel wire |
DE10001650A1 (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-26 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh | High strength hardenable corrosion-resistant spring steel used for spring elements contains alloying additions of nickel, chromium, titanium and beryllium |
JP4390576B2 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2009-12-24 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Rolling member |
SE0601058L (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-10 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Leaf valve material, manufacture and use thereof |
DE102009010442A1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2010-09-02 | C.D. Wälzholz GmbH | Micro-alloyed carbon steel as a texture-rolled strip steel, in particular for spring elements |
CN104160053B (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2016-11-23 | 日立金属株式会社 | Carbon tool steel steel band |
JP6420656B2 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2018-11-07 | 日本発條株式会社 | Spring steel, spring and method for producing them |
JP6089131B2 (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2017-03-01 | 株式会社特殊金属エクセル | High carbon cold rolled steel sheet and method for producing the same |
KR101819383B1 (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-01-17 | 주식회사 포스코 | Quenched high carbon steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
CN110945149B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2022-01-11 | 江阴贝卡尔特钢丝制品有限公司 | Steel wire for flexible card clothing |
CN109280847B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-05-29 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-carbon alloy chain tool steel and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-06-07 SE SE1950679A patent/SE543422C2/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-06-05 EP EP20817981.2A patent/EP3980571A4/en active Pending
- 2020-06-05 BR BR112021024371A patent/BR112021024371A2/en unknown
- 2020-06-05 WO PCT/SE2020/050569 patent/WO2020246937A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-06-05 CN CN202080041948.5A patent/CN113939608A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN113939608A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
SE543422C2 (en) | 2021-01-12 |
WO2020246937A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
BR112021024371A2 (en) | 2022-01-18 |
SE1950679A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
EP3980571A4 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
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