EP3978815A1 - A method for monitoring and ventilating sensitive areas - Google Patents

A method for monitoring and ventilating sensitive areas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3978815A1
EP3978815A1 EP21200401.4A EP21200401A EP3978815A1 EP 3978815 A1 EP3978815 A1 EP 3978815A1 EP 21200401 A EP21200401 A EP 21200401A EP 3978815 A1 EP3978815 A1 EP 3978815A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
space
ventilation
humidity
temperature
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21200401.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heikki SEPPÄ
Jari Penttilä
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Humian Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Humian Technologies Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Humian Technologies Oy filed Critical Humian Technologies Oy
Publication of EP3978815A1 publication Critical patent/EP3978815A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/38—Failure diagnosis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • F24F11/526—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays giving audible indications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • F24F2110/22—Humidity of the outside air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to ventilation and controlling the ventilation.
  • the attic, base floor and other critical places to be drained up are ventilated as well as possible. Earlier this was done by arranging ventilation openings on different sides of the space. Today, the attic, the ground floor and similar places are often machine dried. Today, in some situations, additional heating is also used to make the drying process more efficient. Regardless of whether the ventilation is passive i.e., gravity driven or active, the end result depends very much on the humidity and temperature of the outdoor air and, of course, on the space itself and the amount of moisture from other sources, such as soil. Often these types of premises are too humid for at least part of the year.
  • a method and apparatus for controlling humidity of a space comprising measuring humidity and temperature of the space, ventilating the space with air through an inlet and an outlet, the humidity and temperature of the space is measured in a first measurement at the outlet during ventilation, the humidity and temperature outside the space is measured in a first measurement during the ventilation, temporarily ending the ventilation, the humidity and temperature of the space is measured in a second measurement at the outlet during the temporarily ended ventilation, the humidity and temperature outside the space is measured in a second measurement during the temporarily ended ventilation, the first and the second measurements are alternated periodically, and the first and second measurements are compared in order to determine the need for ventilation and possible water leaks in the space .
  • a method and apparatus where the temporarily ending of the ventilation lasts at least monthly several hours in order to determine the structural humidity of the space.
  • a fan or a controllable valve is used for creating the ventilation.
  • a power source of the fan is used as a power source for sensors for the humidity and temperature measurements.
  • a method and apparatus where the water balance of the space is indicated based on the measurements and if the water content exceeds a predetermined threshold an alarm is set.
  • a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a method and apparatus where the sensor system is connected to external network for obtaining general weather information for controlling the ventilation.
  • a method and apparatus for positioning multiple sensors in the space and using these sensors in the temporarily ended ventilation to locate a possible water leak there is provided a method and apparatus for positioning multiple sensors in the space and using these sensors in the temporarily ended ventilation to locate a possible water leak.
  • general weather information means generally available weather information and forecasts e.g., from internet.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical structure of an attic floor.
  • This space 2 is typically limited by roof on the top and an insulator layer 6 at the bottom and of course vertical walls.
  • the ventilation is implemented by an inlet 4 for replacement air and outlet 3 with motorized fan 1.
  • the fan 1 may have an exhaust piping 7 for more even flow distribution in the space 20.
  • the ventilation control may be implemented by a manually or electronically controlled valve positioned either in the inlet 4 or outlet 3.
  • the space 20 is ventilated by a roof fan 1, which can change the air at the speed Q (liter/second).
  • the humidity and temperature of this space 20 is measured by first sensor 2 positioned close to the fan 1 and the outdoor temperature and humidity by a second temperature and humidity sensor 12, which is typically positioned close to the fan 1.
  • the sensors 2 and 12 are integrated to the fan 1 structure and the power source for all electronical components, fan and sensors is the same.
  • the humidity of the attic 20 structures is Ah s and the temperature is Ts.
  • the relative humidity of the air in attic floor is Rh a and the temperature is Ta respectively.
  • the relative humidity of the air in the room 20 equilibrates with that of the structures.
  • complete equilibrium is never achieved since the temperature and the humidity of the outdoor air varies with time.
  • the humidity of the structures is usually always higher than the equilibrium with the surrounding air.
  • the relative humidity follows the temperature distribution.
  • Figure 2 shows the moisture of some materials as a function of the temperature and relative humidity at equilibrium. We see that under the normal conditions, the moisture level remains always below 10 %. There should be no any problems (structural deterioration, decay, mold, ...) if the moisture level remains below 17 % (temperature 15 C). This all means that, in principle, the space such as attic can be ventilated at least when the humidity is less than 80 % (temperature 20 C). On the other hand, we must remember that there is always some excess moisture in the attic through the roof or upstairs rooms, and especially in the bottom floor, from the soil.
  • the humidity analysis of the rooms is done by stopping the ventilation machine 1 (if turned on) and waiting until the air in the ventilated room 20 is in equilibrium with the humidity of the structures.
  • the fan 1 is then turned on and the temperature and humidity of the incoming air is monitored by sensor 2 until all the air in the room has been changed. From this information, we were able to estimate the moisture content of the structures. In addition, based on outdoor humidity and temperature data, we calculate how much new water we brought into the space and, of course, how we removed it during the plank test. Based on the new measurement and the old results, we will optimize the drying of the space in the future.
  • the method provides us with information on both the moisture content of the structure and its changes, but also how much water enters the room through the air and how much we remove it through ventilation. In fact, we get two different estimates of the amount of water that enters the space, and of course the results should be to some degree of accuracy.
  • the excess amount of water entering the space is either acceptable or normal or too large, which means a building failure in the new building and water leakage in the old building, clogging of the drain or other damage.
  • the sensor unit is typically connected to the Internet utilizing radio networks such as Sixfox, LoraWan, LTE. Of course, any wireless or wired networks in building can be used.
  • the control unit transmits the data one per day to the cloud service where the results are analyzed. On the other hand, the service provides instructions to the electronics unit for further action.
  • the measurement data is sent to the cloud service, where it is used to estimate the current humidity of the structures.
  • the electronics unit will be given instructions on how to ventilate the space 20 near future.
  • the average amount of water removed from the space and the amount of replacement air brought to the space are also calculated based on the new information.
  • the amount of water that enters the space e.g. from the ground, through the roof, etc., is also recorded. For new properties, this information is compared to typical values. Of course, the estimate takes into account the rains. If the results are within normal limits, the results obtained are used as a reference for the control of structures.
  • the system enters the analysis mode. This means that the fan is turned on and off several times and, if possible, the machine is rotated at different speeds.
  • the data is used to estimate both the size of the spill (how many liters of water has come in relation to the intensity of the rain) and the curve to estimate the location of the spill (mainly the distance from where the air is drawn). If the flow dynamics of the space is calculated using FEM models, we can estimate the leakage point more closely. Based on the results, a report is sent to the property manager explaining the size of the leak and the possible cause of the leak. In the case of the lower ditch, changes can be very slow (clogging of drainage systems) or sometimes very fast (heavy rain drifts to the bottom).
  • the relative humidity of the standing air is only 20 % - 30%, so even the small amount of water that enters the room significantly increases the humidity in the air.
  • the sensor measures mainly outdoor humidity and temperature before measurement and the humidity and temperature of the outdoor air flowing through the room at the end of the test, the systematic error and hysteresis of the sensor do not affect the result. This allows us to utilize the humidity sensor results up to 0.1% moisture content in practice. Using several humidity sensors in the space 20 makes the locationing of the leak more accurate. The system must of course be able to communicate with these sensors and know their locations.
  • the method can be improved by utilizing extra heaters, which are separately controlled via cloud service. If so, we calculate the price of this extra energy used for drying and this is taken into account when planning the drying process.
  • the owner of the properties, of cause can modify the parameters but when doing that the cloud service gives the estimated moisture level of the structures as a function of heating costs so he can made decisions based on the real facts.
  • the starting point of the invention is simple, that is, to ventilate the premises only when the absolute humidity of the outdoor air is lower than the absolute humidity of the ambient air, the invention offers significant advantages:
  • the system uses only two humidity/thermometers at minimum. If we ventilate several rooms with separate top fans, we only need one sensor per device, since the outdoor temperature is sufficient to measure at one point. If the property has information on outdoor temperature and humidity, we do not need a separate outdoor meter. Of course, we could only use the weather data, but this could bring in the need to communicate with the electronics unit several times a day, which adds unnecessary telecommunications costs. It is also a great advantage because we do not have to use battery-powered sensors. In addition, the sensors can be calibrated against each other and against the weather every day.
  • the arrangement optimizes the space as a result of ventilation so that we only have to use the fan for maybe 10% to 20%. If the fan also removes radon, then of course the fan must be on for longer periods of time. This results in a longer life of the fan and a reduction in energy costs. In addition, since we do not ventilate the premises, for example in winter, except when necessary, the heating costs are also reduced.
  • the system not only optimizes ventilation but also monitors the premises and their condition on a daily basis.
  • the advantage of a new building is that faults during construction are detected and thus can be addressed immediately.
  • a new building of course, there may be a need to ventilate the structures more than normal, for example because the concrete will continue to dry for a very long time after the construction phase. Following this too will give you more insight into the success of your construction.
  • the owner is always aware that the structures are in order and will be alerted if something unexpected happens.
  • we know that the ceiling fan is fine. It is also easy to add an inexpensive accelerometer ( € 1) to the system, which is attached to the proof fan, allowing us to detect its condition (bearing failure, wing imbalance,).
  • the drying efficiency can be improved by heating the space.
  • the electric heater is plugged in the electric network via an adapter, which turns power on and off. Through the service, the heater is instructed on the next day's heating needs, e.g., one hour on, two hours off, etc. Outdoor air through a heat exchanger minimizing the need for extra heating. If the incoming air is preheated, we will be able to dry the underfloor much more efficiently and also ventilation is possible in wet spring weather being without extra heating catastrophic. That is, in such a case, we are not only trying to dry the room, but also to heat it to make it easier to keep it dry in the future. It is a good idea to dry the cold space by first changing the air in the room to the outside and then damping the fan. The air is heated and waited until the surface layers of the premises have dried. The warm moist air is then removed. Because heating only lasts for hours, we do not need to heat the structures, only the air. In this way, we get efficient drying with low energy costs.
  • the method described below can be used not only to dry and to analyze the bottom or top floors, but also to dry any rooms or buildings such as a summer cottages, storage rooms, basements, etc.
  • the method can be used to dry a separate "floating" floor placed on a floor, e.g. Figure 4 illustrates the arrangement.
  • the floor is supported in such a way that the space between the concrete and the floor can be dried by taking air from one side and mechanically sucking the air from the other side and directing the air out.
  • control and analysis are done as described above, but now the air is extracted from the room air.
  • the method works particularly well in cold countries in winter, because then the relative humidity of the indoor air is very low.
  • a similar method may be used to measure other gases or particles. For example, if the bottom is ventilated due to radon emissions, the amount of radon can be temporarily enriched by temporarily shutting the ventilation and measuring the radon concentration from the top fan sample from time to time.
  • the invention is advantageous also with additional sensors in the space to be measured. Then, during the non-ventilation time when the ventilation fan is off, the location of the additional sensor may help to indicate a water leak, because the change (rise) of humidity value is detected first by the sensor closest to the leak because of diffusion. In ventilated operation this location information might be lost.
  • the fan 1 may be equipped with a closable valve such that when the fan 1 is shut off also the valve is closed.
  • the sensor 2 gets more accurate information of the equilibrium state of the humidity of the space 20. Also the time constant for reaching the equilibrium is shorter with this solution.
  • the method can be used to dry the concrete floor or to prevent harmful impurities from entering the room using a separate "floating" floor placed on top of the floor.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of such an arrangement.
  • the invention is industrially applicable

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP21200401.4A 2020-10-01 2021-10-01 A method for monitoring and ventilating sensitive areas Withdrawn EP3978815A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20205957A FI20205957A1 (fi) 2020-10-01 2020-10-01 Menetelmä herkkien alueiden valvomiseksi ja tuulettamiseksi

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EP3978815A1 true EP3978815A1 (en) 2022-04-06

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002097713A (ja) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-05 Haugaa Japan:Kk 木造構造物の設置環境監視改善システム
WO2008039149A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Lindenstone Innovation Ab Device to protect a space from damage caused by damp or moisture
FR3001528A1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-01 Andre Jean Marie Pilot Systeme regulant l'humidite d'un local par ventilation en comparant des taux d'humidite et les temperatures relatives de l'exterieur et de l'interieur du local
EP2021699B1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2017-03-01 Ventotech AB Dehumidifying ventilation and regulation of airflow in enclosed structures
US20180031261A1 (en) * 2016-07-27 2018-02-01 Johnson Controls Technology Company Environmental setpoint for hvac system control
EP2947396B1 (de) * 2014-05-20 2018-10-17 Schwille-Elektronik Produktions- und Vertriebs GmbH Verfahren zum belüften eines raumes sowie lüftungsanlage hierfür

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002097713A (ja) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-05 Haugaa Japan:Kk 木造構造物の設置環境監視改善システム
EP2021699B1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2017-03-01 Ventotech AB Dehumidifying ventilation and regulation of airflow in enclosed structures
WO2008039149A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Lindenstone Innovation Ab Device to protect a space from damage caused by damp or moisture
FR3001528A1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2014-08-01 Andre Jean Marie Pilot Systeme regulant l'humidite d'un local par ventilation en comparant des taux d'humidite et les temperatures relatives de l'exterieur et de l'interieur du local
EP2947396B1 (de) * 2014-05-20 2018-10-17 Schwille-Elektronik Produktions- und Vertriebs GmbH Verfahren zum belüften eines raumes sowie lüftungsanlage hierfür
US20180031261A1 (en) * 2016-07-27 2018-02-01 Johnson Controls Technology Company Environmental setpoint for hvac system control

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