EP3978805B1 - Dispositif de combustion avec dispositif de réglage du rapport air/air, ainsi qu'appareil de chauffage - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion avec dispositif de réglage du rapport air/air, ainsi qu'appareil de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3978805B1
EP3978805B1 EP21199318.3A EP21199318A EP3978805B1 EP 3978805 B1 EP3978805 B1 EP 3978805B1 EP 21199318 A EP21199318 A EP 21199318A EP 3978805 B1 EP3978805 B1 EP 3978805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
combustion
stream
fuel gas
mixture
Prior art date
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Application number
EP21199318.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3978805A1 (fr
Inventor
Tom Collins
Timi Odumosu
Simon Dunne
Samuel English
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Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd
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Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed

Definitions

  • a combustion device for providing an air-fuel gas mixture stream consisting of an air stream and a fuel gas stream in a predeterminable air/fuel gas ratio, and for combustion of the mixture stream, is already known, in which a heating output is generated by the combustion and wherein an air conveying unit conveys an air stream, a fuel gas metering unit meters a fuel gas stream and a mixer unit mixes the mixture stream.
  • the WO2020/182902 A1 on which the two-part form of claim 1 is based, discloses a burner system with a mechanism for specifying an air/fuel gas ratio, the air/fuel gas ratio depending at least in part on a heating output.
  • the EP1522790 A2 discloses a method for controlling a gas burner with an electronic control, which specifies a target signal for the amount of fuel gas and the amount of air for a predetermined burner output, with a fuel gas-air mixture being enriched and/or leaned in a defined manner over the modulation range.
  • the EP3182007 A1 discloses a heater system with a control and/or regulating unit, which is intended to set an air ratio parameter to a target air ratio parameter that is dependent on a heating output.
  • the invention relates to a combustion device, in particular a hydrogen combustion device, for a heater for heating at least one room and/or for heating at least one useful fluid.
  • the combustion device serves to provide an air-fuel gas mixture stream consisting of an air stream and a fuel gas stream, in particular a hydrogen stream, with at least one predeterminable air ratio ⁇ in the mixture stream, and to burn the mixture stream, with a heating output being generated by the combustion.
  • the air ratio ⁇ characterizes a quantitative ratio of air to fuel gas and is calculated as a quotient of a quantity of air actually present in the mixture stream and a quantity of air required for stoichiometric combustion of the mixture stream.
  • Q is the value of the relative heating power of the combustion device and is in the range 0.05 ⁇ Q ⁇ 1.
  • an air delivery unit promotes the air flow, in particular depending on a power requirement
  • a fuel gas metering unit meters the fuel gas flow, in particular depending on the air flow
  • a mixer unit mixes the mixture flow.
  • a combustion device is to be understood here in particular as a burner or a burner device, with the aid of which a combustible mixture stream can be provided and burned.
  • the combustion device is used in particular in a heater, for example a heater for heating at least one room and/or for heating at least one useful fluid such as heating water and/or drinking water.
  • the mixture stream is a gas stream comprising an air stream and a fuel gas stream.
  • the air flow is taken in particular from an installation environment of the combustion device or from an outside environment of a building in which the combustion device is installed.
  • the fuel gas stream is taken in particular from a fuel gas line or a fuel gas tank.
  • the combustion device is designed in particular to use the fuel gas hydrogen. Alternatively or additionally, the combustion device can also be designed to use other fuel gases.
  • the mixture flow has a predeterminable air/fuel gas ratio or an air ratio ⁇ .
  • An air/fuel gas ratio here means a quantitative ratio of air to fuel gas. The fact that the air/fuel gas ratio can be specified means in particular that the quantitative ratio is adjustable.
  • the mixture stream is ignited in the combustion device and burned to form a flame.
  • the combustion device includes a burner mouth or burner surface that acts as a flame holder: here the flame should burn in a spatially stable manner.
  • the energy (heat) released during combustion per unit of time is determined by the size of the burned mixture stream, in particular the size of the fuel flow burned. The energy released per unit of time characterizes the heating output of the combustion device.
  • the heating output can be modulated gradually or continuously between a minimum heating output and a maximum heating output.
  • the term heating output can be understood to mean both an absolute heating output (unit watt) and a relative heating output.
  • the relative heating output is calculated as the actual absolute heating output based on the maximum absolute heating output.
  • the relative heating power is a dimensionless quantity with values generally between 0 and 1. However, since a real combustion device generally cannot be operated with a relative heating power just above 0, the values of the relative heating power are in reality 0 for the switched-off state (no combustion) and in firing mode between 0.05 and 1.
  • An air delivery unit is understood to mean a device for conveying the air flow; this can in particular be an - in particular speed-controlled - air blower or air fan or an air valve.
  • the air delivery unit is controlled in particular by an electrical signal.
  • the air flow can be promoted in particular depending on a power requirement, for example a heating power requirement or a temperature requirement, on the combustion device and/or the heater.
  • a size of the air volume flow conveyed can depend on a size of a requested heating power.
  • a requested heating output is understood to mean, in particular, a theoretically required heating output that serves to meet a user's need for space heating and/or domestic hot water preparation.
  • an actual heating output is a measurable quantity that correlates with the size of the mixture flow that is used for combustion.
  • a fuel gas metering unit is understood to mean a device for metering the fuel gas stream; this can in particular be a fuel gas valve or a fuel gas fitting.
  • the fuel gas metering unit is regulated in particular by an electrical and/or a pressure signal.
  • the fuel gas flow can be metered in particular depending on the air flow.
  • the size of the metered fuel gas flow can be determined depending on the size of the air flow.
  • a mixer unit is a device for combining and mixing air flow and Fuel gas flow and generation of the air-fuel gas mixture stream are understood, this can in particular be a venturi mixer.
  • a control device is understood to mean a device for controlling and/or regulating at least one process step, in particular for varying the air/fuel gas ratio and/or the air ratio ⁇ .
  • regulation is understood to mean controlling and/or regulating in the narrower sense.
  • a regulation here is understood to mean a control and/or regulation in the narrower sense.
  • a composite means in particular that a setpoint of a first variable, for example the air flow, is specified, for example based on an electrical signal, and that a setpoint of a subsequent variable, for example the fuel gas flow, for example based on an electrical or a pressure signal, in the composite, adapted to the resulting actual value of the first variable is tracked.
  • a variable combination means that the setpoint of the following variable is not only adjusted to the actual value of the first variable, but this adjustment is also varied depending on a third variable, here the heating output.
  • the value of the air/fuel gas ratio is regulated so that a heating output-dependent air/fuel gas ratio is established.
  • the fact that the air/fuel gas ratio is varied depending on the heating output means that the size of the heating output at least determines the value of the air/fuel gas ratio.
  • the control device is designed in particular in such a way that the air/fuel gas ratio and/or the air ratio ⁇ assumes a larger value with a smaller heating output and/or assumes a smaller value with a larger heating output.
  • the control device also intervenes in particular in the operation of the air delivery unit, the fuel gas metering unit and/or the mixer unit.
  • the air/fuel gas ratio is increased as the heating power decreases and is reduced as the heating power increases.
  • the variation of the air/fuel gas ratio over the heating output can have a stepped course or a continuous course. Under enlarge The air/fuel gas ratio is understood here as a leaning of the air/fuel gas mixture stream, i.e. a reduction in the fuel gas content in the mixture stream.
  • Reducing the air/fuel gas ratio here means enriching the air/fuel gas mixture stream, i.e. enriching the fuel gas content in the mixture stream.
  • the air flow, the fuel gas flow and/or the mixture flow are variable in quantity and can be modulated in stages or continuously between a respective minimum value and a respective maximum value.
  • control device can in particular be designed as an independent component “control device”.
  • the control device can alternatively or additionally (in the sense of a distributed system) also be designed as part of the air delivery unit, the fuel gas metering unit and/or the mixer unit.
  • the air ratio ⁇ is a special parameter used in combustion technology to characterize the air/fuel gas ratio of an air/fuel gas mixture stream.
  • the invention creates an improved method for operating a combustion device compared to the known prior art.
  • Air-fuel gas mixture streams with an air ratio ⁇ from the above-mentioned range of values are particularly advantageous to burn.
  • air-hydrogen mixture streams with an air ratio ⁇ from the above-mentioned value range are particularly advantageous to burn.
  • the combustion of such an air-fuel gas mixture stream is characterized by reliable ignition, high flame stability (avoidance of lifting flames and flashback), optimal thermal efficiencies, complete combustion with low pollutant levels, low noise and compatibility with commercially available pneumatic air-gas systems.
  • Ratio controllers The control device can regulate the fuel gas metering unit depending on the heating output, with the fuel gas metering unit metering a relatively smaller fuel gas flow with a smaller heating output and metering a relatively larger fuel gas flow with a larger heating output.
  • the fuel gas metering unit can be controlled in particular by means of an electrical signal or a pressure signal that is output by the control device to the fuel gas metering unit.
  • a relatively smaller (or larger) fuel gas stream expresses that the reduction (or increase) in the dosage of the fuel gas stream with a smaller (or larger) heating output is not proportional, but rather disproportionate, so that the air/ Fuel gas ratio and the air ratio ⁇ becomes larger with a lower heating output or smaller with a higher heating output.
  • control device regulates the fuel gas metering unit depending on the heating output, so that an air ratio ⁇ is established in the mixture flow within the air ratio value interval mentioned above.
  • control device as a distributed system can also include parts that come into contact with the air flow, for example air flow measuring devices or air pressure probes that detect a size of the air flow.
  • the fuel gas flow is metered according to the size of the air flow and depending on the heating output so that an air ratio is achieved in the mixture flow within the air ratio value interval mentioned above.
  • the control device can regulate the air delivery unit depending on the heating power, with the air delivery unit promoting a relatively larger air flow with a smaller heating power and a relatively smaller air flow with a larger heating power.
  • the air delivery unit can be controlled in particular by means of an electrical signal or a pressure signal which is output by the control device to the air delivery unit.
  • a relatively larger (or smaller) air flow expresses that the reduction (or increase) in the delivery of the air flow with a smaller (or larger) heating output is not proportional, but disproportionate, so that the air/ Fuel gas ratio and the air ratio ⁇ becomes larger with a lower heating output or smaller with a higher heating output.
  • control device regulates the air delivery unit depending on the heating output, so that an air ratio is established in the mixture flow within the air ratio value interval mentioned above.
  • control device as a distributed system can also include parts that come into contact with the fuel gas flow, for example Fuel gas flow meters or fuel gas pressure probes that record a size of the fuel gas flow.
  • the air flow is metered according to the size of the fuel gas flow and depending on the heating output so that an air ratio is achieved in the mixture flow within the air ratio value interval mentioned above.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the control device is set up to detect the heating power, to generate a mixture signal depending on the heating power and to output it to the fuel gas metering unit and/or the air delivery unit.
  • the mixture signal is intended to meter a relatively smaller fuel gas flow and/or to promote a relatively larger air flow at a lower heating output; and with greater heating power, to meter a relatively larger fuel gas flow and/or to promote a relatively smaller air flow.
  • the heating output mentioned here can be a recorded actual heating output or a requested heating output.
  • the mixture signal can in particular be an electrical signal or a pressure signal.
  • the fact that the control device generates a mixture signal depending on the heating power can be understood in particular to mean that a correlation between heating power and mixture signal - in the form of a mechanism, a table of values, a mathematical function and / or an algorithm - can be called up in the control device the generation of the mixture signal is used as a basis.
  • the mixture signal includes in particular a single signal or two partial signals, one for the air delivery unit and/or another for the fuel gas metering unit, and in particular acts on the air flow delivery of the air delivery unit and/or the fuel gas flow metering of the fuel gas metering unit.
  • control device regulates the air delivery unit and/or the fuel gas metering unit depending on the heating output, so that an air ratio is established in the mixture flow within the air ratio value interval mentioned above.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the control device is set up to receive and process a power signal characterizing the heating power, the power signal being based on a detection of an actual or requested heating power, the mixture flow, the fuel gas flow, the air flow, etc Fan speed of an air blower promoting the air flow and / or a combustion temperature of the combustion of the air-fuel gas mixture flow, the control device being set up to generate the mixture signal based on the power signal.
  • the power signal can in particular be an electrical signal or a pressure signal.
  • the combustion device comprises at least one measuring device, for example an electrical, electronic or pneumatic sensor, for detecting the heating power, the mixture flow, the fuel gas flow, the air flow, the fan speed of an air blower promoting the air flow, and / or the combustion temperature of the combustion of the air-fuel gas -Mixture flow.
  • a value of the power signal corresponds to a size of the heating output.
  • the control device receives the power signal and translates it into the mixture signal.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by a first detection unit, the first detection unit being set up to detect the air ratio ⁇ and to output a corresponding first feedback signal to the control device, the control device being set up to determine the air ratio ⁇ depending on the first to regulate the feedback signal.
  • the first detection unit can in particular be a lambda sensor or an ionization electrode, which measures a signal representing the air/fuel gas ratio, in particular the air ratio ⁇ .
  • the control device can use a closed control loop to regulate the air/fuel gas ratio, in particular the air ratio ⁇ , within the limits defined above.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by a second detection unit, wherein the second detection unit is set up to detect flame stability of the combustion and to output a corresponding second feedback signal to the control device, the control device being set up to determine the air ratio ⁇ depending on the second feedback signal.
  • Flame stability here is understood to mean, in particular, a spatially permanent presence of the flame at a desired target distance from the burner mouth or burner surface.
  • lifting a flame from the burner mouth or burner surface means an unstable burning flame, increasing the distance and "flying away" of the flame from the burner mouth or burner surface. This is accompanied by undesirable extinguishing of the burner and escape of unburned mixture and represents a dangerous condition that must be avoided and/or recognized.
  • a flashback of a flame also means a flame that does not burn stably, a reduction in the distance and the flame resting on the burner mouth or burner surface, or even a penetration of the flame through the burner mouth or burner surface into an interior of the combustion device, for example to the mixer unit. This results in undesirable overheating of the burner surface or other elements inside the combustion device and represents a dangerous condition that must be avoided and/or recognized.
  • the second detection unit can in particular be a temperature sensor or an optical sensor. These measure a signal representing flame stability, for example a burner surface that is “too cold” (tendency to lift off) or “too hot” (tendency to flashback), or a flame distance from the burner surface that is too large or too small.
  • the temperature sensor can, for example, be arranged close to the burner surface.
  • control device determines, for example based on a signal from the second detection unit, that the flame is not burning stably, it can regulate the air/fuel gas ratio, in particular the air ratio ⁇ , within the limits defined above so that a desired flame stability is established again.
  • a third detection unit can be set up to detect a combustion noise of the combustion and to output a corresponding third feedback signal to the control device, the control device being set up to regulate the air ratio ⁇ depending on the second feedback signal.
  • the third detection unit can in particular be an acoustic sensor or a vibration sensor. These measure a signal representing the combustion noise, for example combustion that is “too loud” or strongly oscillating (based on a predeterminable limit value).
  • the control device can use a control loop to regulate the air/fuel gas ratio, in particular the air ratio ⁇ , within the limits defined above, thereby ensuring quiet operation of the combustion device.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the control device is set up to output an error message if a predefinable flame stability or a predefinable noise limit value or a predefinable vibration limit value is not achieved within the air ratio value interval.
  • Such a combustion device ensures operation that is characterized by high flame stability, high efficiencies, low pollutant levels and low noise.
  • the invention further relates to a heater with a combustion device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 Those described below Figures 1, 2 and 3 (Special features are highlighted in each case) show a combustion device 100 for providing an air-fuel gas mixture stream M from an air stream A and a fuel gas stream G, in particular a hydrogen stream G, in at least one predeterminable air/fuel gas ratio, and for combustion of the mixture stream M , whereby combustion generates heating power.
  • the combustion device 100 comprises an air delivery unit 102, a fuel gas metering unit 104, a mixer unit 106, a burner surface 108 or a burner mouth 108, a control device 110, and lines for connecting the aforementioned components in an air, fuel gas, mixture or signal-conducting manner.
  • the air delivery unit 102 is used to suck in an air flow A, in particular from an installation environment 1 of the combustion device 100, and to convey the air flow A to the mixer unit 106.
  • the air delivery unit 102 is a speed-controllable air blower 102.
  • the air delivery unit 102 is from the control device 110, for example based on a signal S1 of a requested heating power, by specifying a target delivery value S20, in particular a target fan speed S20.
  • a power signal S21 in particular an actual delivery value such as an actual fan speed, is detected, which describes a size of the heating power (here in particular the actually delivered air flow A).
  • the fuel gas metering unit 104 serves to meter a fuel gas stream G, the fuel gas stream G being fed into the mixer unit 106.
  • the fuel gas metering unit 104 is a pneumatically controllable fuel gas valve 104 (in particular Figure 1 ) or electronically controllable fuel gas valve 104 (in particular Figures 2 and 3 ).
  • a mixture signal S3 gives the fuel gas metering unit 104 a control value, based on which the fuel gas flow G is metered.
  • the mixer unit 106 is used to combine air stream A and fuel gas stream G and mix them to form a mixture stream M.
  • the mixer unit 106 is a Venturi nozzle 106.
  • a power signal S21 in particular an actual air flow signal such as an air pressure, is detected, which describes a size of the heating power (here in particular the air flow A actually conveyed).
  • the fuel gas metering unit 104 is based on the power signal S21 Figure 1 regulated.
  • the mixture stream M exits into a combustion chamber 2 (not shown here), is ignited and burned to form flames F.
  • the combustion device 100 further comprises a control device 110, which is set up to vary the air/fuel gas ratio depending on the heating output, the air/fuel gas ratio assuming a larger value with a smaller heating output and/or a smaller value with a larger heating output accepts.
  • the values of the lower air ratio limit curve ⁇ -min and the upper air ratio limit curve ⁇ -max depend on the value of the heating output.
  • Q stands for the value of the relative heating power of the combustion device 100.
  • an actually regulated air ratio value ⁇ lies, in the best case scenario, essentially in the middle between the lower and upper air ratio limits.
  • the air ratio limit curves ⁇ -min and ⁇ -max therefore represent the permissible deviations of the air ratio ⁇ from an ideal value.
  • the control device 110 regulates the fuel gas flow G based on a power signal S21, in particular an air pressure signal, which is detected at the mixer unit 106 and describes the magnitude of the heating power (here in particular the air flow A flowing through the mixer unit).
  • the power signal S21 acts on the control device 110.
  • the control device 110 then uses a mixture signal S3 to meter an adapted fuel gas flow G, so that the air ratio ⁇ in the mixture flow M assumes values from the selected value interval.
  • the fuel gas metering unit 104 and at least parts of the control device 110 according to Figure 1 can be formed in particular by a pneumatic air-fuel gas ratio controller 112.
  • a pneumatic air-fuel gas ratio controller 112 can be understood in particular as a fitting consisting of a control device 110 and a fuel gas metering unit 104 combined into a structural unit.
  • the air-fuel gas ratio controller 112 receives a power signal S21 describing an air flow A, for example an air pressure signal, translates this into a mixture signal S3, for example a control signal for a fuel gas pressure, opens the gas valve in particular to set a fuel gas pressure in correlation to the air pressure, and doses one Fuel gas flow G corresponding to the air flow A.
  • the aforementioned correlation is defined by settings made on the air-fuel gas ratio controller 112 (for example an offset setting to the ratio, in particular difference, of fuel gas pressure and air pressure).
  • the control device 110 controls both the air flow A and the fuel gas flow G using two mixture signals S3 based on one requested heating output S1. This control is carried out in such a way that the air ratio ⁇ in the mixture flow M assumes values from the selected value interval.
  • the basis of the mixture signals S3 can be a table of values, a parameterized functional equation or another calculation algorithm that is stored in the control device 110 and establishes a correlation with the requested heating power S1.
  • the control device 110 regulates the air flow A based on the requested heating output S1.
  • the fuel gas flow G is metered using a mixture signal S3 based on a power signal S21 detected at the air delivery unit 102, in particular an actual delivery value such as an actual fan speed, which describes a size of the actually delivered air flow A.
  • This control is carried out in such a way that the air ratio ⁇ in the mixture flow M assumes values from the selected value interval.
  • the basis of the mixture signal S3 can be a table of values, a parameterized functional equation or another calculation algorithm that is stored in the control device 110 and establishes a correlation with the power signal S21.
  • the combustion device 100 after Figure 3 shows an optional first detection unit 114 for detecting the actual air/fuel gas ratio, in particular the actual air ratio ⁇ , and for outputting a corresponding first feedback signal S4 to the control device 110, the control device 110 determining the air/fuel gas ratio, in particular the air ratio ⁇ , depending on the first feedback signal S4, regulates so that the actual air ratio ⁇ in the mixture flow M assumes values from the selected value interval.
  • the first detection unit 114 may include a lambda sensor or an ionization electrode.
  • the air/fuel gas ratio is regulated in particular by regulating the fuel gas metering unit 104.
  • the first feedback signal S4 influences the mixture signal S3 output by the control device 110.
  • the combustion device 100 shows Figure 3 an optional second detection unit 116 for detecting flame stability of the combustion and for outputting a corresponding second feedback signal S6 to the control device 110, the control device 110 being the Air/fuel gas ratio, in particular the air ratio ⁇ , is controlled depending on the second feedback signal S6 so that the air ratio ⁇ in the mixture flow M assumes values from the selected value interval.
  • the second detection unit 116 may include a temperature sensor in or on the plane of the burner surface 108. With this temperature sensor, a distance D of the flame F from the burner surface 108, which characterizes the flame stability, can be recognized and compared with a target distance.
  • the air/fuel gas ratio is regulated in particular by regulating the fuel gas metering unit 104.
  • the target distance can then also be set again via the air/fuel gas ratio or the air ratio ⁇ .
  • the second feedback signal S6 influences the mixture signal S3 output by the control device 110.
  • the first detection unit 114 and the second detection unit 116, which are connected to the combustion device 100 Figure 3 shown can also be used with the combustion devices 100 Figure 1 or Figure 2 be used.
  • Figure 4 shows the limit curves ⁇ -min and ⁇ -max of the selected lower and upper air ratio limits depending on the relative heating output Q.
  • the courses of the limit curves ⁇ -min and ⁇ -max of the selected lower and upper air ratio limits are designed depending on the relative heating output Q on the basis of these three operating sections under consideration, which each have restrictions in the direction of larger and / or smaller air ratio values and a permissible minimum and /or set the maximum value for the air ratio at a certain relative heating output.
  • the air ratio value interval ensures a low flame speed and low ignition energy in the mixture flow M.
  • the air ratio value ⁇ should be so high that a flame speed of the mixture flow M is so low that excess pressures due to sudden ignition of the mixture flow M can be safely controlled and sufficiently quiet. The low flame speed helps to prevent the flame from flashing back.
  • the air ratio value ⁇ should also be so low that the ignition energy of the mixture flow M is so low that a quick and reliable ignition of a flame is possible. Low ignition energy means that the mixture flow ignites easily and ensures reliable, instantaneous and safely controllable ignition.
  • the air ratio value interval ensures the avoidance of flashback.
  • the air ratio value ⁇ should be so high that an interaction between the exit speed of the mixture stream M on the burner surface 108 and the flame speed in the mixture stream M excludes a flashback.
  • the exit velocity must be higher than the flame speed.
  • increasing the air ratio simultaneously increases the exit velocity of the mixture flow because the mixture volume flow is increased. In this way, flashback can be avoided even with relatively low heating outputs.
  • the air ratio value interval is guaranteed optimal thermal efficiency, complete combustion, elimination of flying flames and compatibility with pneumatic air-fuel gas ratio controllers 112.
  • Pneumatic air-gas ratio control relies on flow restrictions and a nominally set regulated gas pressure from the gas valve. This physically limits one form of air ratio limit curves that the regulated air-fuel gas system can provide. Compatibility means that the shape of the limit curve can be brought into agreement with the physical behavior of a pneumatic air-fuel gas ratio controller 112. Another important aspect is to avoid the flame lifting.
  • the air ratio value ⁇ must continue to be so low that a heater comprising a combustion device 100 according to the invention achieves the highest possible thermal efficiency.
  • the air ratio ⁇ must therefore be set optimally in order to form a framework (which specifies both an upper and a lower limit to the claimed operating conditions) that meets all of the above requirements and also through an air-fuel gas ratio controller 112 for regulating the air / fuel gas ratio can be done.
  • Air-fuel gas ratio controllers 112 are, in particular, passive physical systems whose possible behavior is limited by physical laws. For example, the curve must be strictly monotonic and either convex or concave.
  • Another advantage of the method, in particular the air ratio value interval found, is that the method can also be implemented with known pneumatic air-fuel gas ratio controllers 112 with the appropriate setting.
  • the selected air ratio value interval or the selected air ratio limit curves ⁇ -min and ⁇ -max can be Figure 4 in particular for air-hydrogen combustion can be achieved by setting a higher amount for the, in particular negative, offset pressure than is usual, for example, for hydrocarbon-based fuel gases (although the curve is still in the modulation range of existing gas valves).
  • This offset setting can be made using an adjusting screw on the controller 112.
  • the air ratio ⁇ achieved in this way is influenced by a negative pressure triggered by the mixer unit 106, a throttling of the fuel gas flow G (including the adjustable throttle valve in the gas valve, if present) and the offset pressure.
  • the actual offset pressure delivered by the gas valve varies over the modulation range, its size increases with increasing heating power. However, this follows a linear relationship to heating output and maintains a very small amount (a few tens of Pascals). Due to its small size, the influence of the offset pressure is negligible at high heating powers (where the Venturi effect and the throttling of the fuel gas flow G are high). Conversely, the influence of the offset pressure is very strong at low heating outputs and allows the air ratio to vary greatly over the heating output, as shown in the air ratio limit curves ⁇ -min and ⁇ -max.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif de combustion (100), en particulier dispositif de combustion d'hydrogène, pour un appareil de chauffage destiné à chauffer au moins une pièce et/ou à réchauffer au moins un fluide utile, pour fournir un flux mixte air/gaz de combustion (M) composé d'un flux d'air (A) et d'un flux de gaz de combustion (G), en particulier d'un flux d'hydrogène, avec au moins un indice d'air λ prédéfinissable dans le flux mixte (M), et pour brûler le flux mixte (M), la combustion produisant une puissance de chauffage,
    dans lequel le dispositif de combustion (100) comprend un moyen de régulation (110) et une unité de dosage de gaz de combustion (104) et/ou une unité de refoulement d'air (102), le moyen de régulation (100) étant réalisé pour
    • réguler l'unité de dosage de gaz de combustion (104) en fonction de la puissance de chauffage, dans lequel l'unité de dosage de gaz de combustion (104) dose un flux de gaz de combustion (G) relativement plus petit pour une puissance de chauffage inférieure, et dose un flux de gaz de combustion (G) relativement plus grand pour une puissance de chauffage supérieure, et/ou
    • réguler l'unité de refoulement d'air (102) en fonction de la puissance de chauffage, dans lequel l'unité de refoulement d'air (102) refoule un flux d'air (A) relativement plus grand pour une puissance de chauffage inférieure, et refoule un flux d'air (A) relativement plus petit pour une puissance de chauffage supérieure,
    caractérisé en ce que le moyen de régulation (110) est en outre réalisé pour réguler l'indice d'air λ du flux mixte (M) en fonction d'une valeur Q de la puissance de chauffage relative du dispositif de combustion (100) pour toute la plage de modulation 0,05 <= Q <= 1 sur une valeur dans l'intervalle des valeurs de l'indice d'air 0,15 / Q + 1 ≤ λ ≤ 0,175 / Q + 1,25 ,
    Figure imgb0011
     dans lequel l'indice d'air λ caractérise un rapport en quantité entre l'air et le gaz de combustion, et est calculé comme un quotient d'une quantité d'air réellement présente dans le flux mixte (M) et d'une quantité d'air nécessaire à une combustion stœchiométrique du flux mixte (M) .
  2. Dispositif de combustion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de régulation (110) est conçu pour détecter la puissance de chauffage, pour produire un signal mixte (S3) en fonction de la puissance de chauffage et pour le délivrer à l'unité de dosage de gaz de combustion (104) et/ou à l'unité de refoulement d'air (102),
    dans lequel le signal mixte (S3) est prévu pour doser un flux de gaz de combustion (G) relativement plus petit et/ou pour refouler un flux d'air (A) relativement plus grand pour une puissance de chauffage inférieure ; et pour doser un flux de gaz de combustion (G) relativement plus grand et/ou refouler un flux d'air (A) relativement plus petit pour une puissance de chauffage supérieure.
  3. Dispositif de combustion selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que le moyen de régulation (110) est conçu pour obtenir et traiter un signal de puissance (S21) caractérisant la puissance de chauffage, dans lequel le signal de puissance (S21) repose sur une détection d'une puissance de chauffage réelle ou demandée, du flux mixte (M), du flux de gaz de combustion (G), du flux d'air (A), d'une vitesse de rotation de ventilateur d'un ventilateur d'air refoulant le flux d'air (A), et/ou d'une température de combustion de la combustion du flux mixte (M),
    dans lequel le moyen de régulation (110) est conçu pour produire le signal mixte (S3) sur la base du signal de puissance (S21).
  4. Dispositif de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une première unité de détection (114), la première unité de détection étant conçue pour détecter l'indice d'air λ et pour délivrer un premier signal de retour correspondant (S4) au moyen de régulation (110),
    dans lequel le moyen de régulation (110) est conçu pour réguler l'indice d'air λ en fonction du premier signal de retour (S4).
  5. Dispositif de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une deuxième unité de détection (116), la deuxième unité de détection étant conçue pour détecter la stabilité de flamme de la combustion et pour délivrer un deuxième signal de retour correspondant (S6) au moyen de régulation (110),
    dans lequel le moyen de régulation (110) est conçu pour réguler l'indice d'air λ en fonction du deuxième signal de retour (S6).
  6. Dispositif de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de régulation (110) est conçu pour délivrer un message d'erreur si une stabilité de flamme prédéfinissable ne peut pas être atteinte dans l'intervalle des valeurs de l'indice d'air.
  7. Appareil de chauffage, présentant un dispositif de combustion (100) caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de combustion (100) est réalisé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP21199318.3A 2020-10-01 2021-09-28 Dispositif de combustion avec dispositif de réglage du rapport air/air, ainsi qu'appareil de chauffage Active EP3978805B1 (fr)

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EP4306850A1 (fr) * 2022-07-15 2024-01-17 BDR Thermea Group B.V. Mécanisme de commande pour chaudière à gaz

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