EP3977584A1 - Method for operating an electric energy store, electric energy store, and device - Google Patents

Method for operating an electric energy store, electric energy store, and device

Info

Publication number
EP3977584A1
EP3977584A1 EP20723106.9A EP20723106A EP3977584A1 EP 3977584 A1 EP3977584 A1 EP 3977584A1 EP 20723106 A EP20723106 A EP 20723106A EP 3977584 A1 EP3977584 A1 EP 3977584A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical energy
energy store
connection
sensor
energy storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20723106.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jochen Weber
Joerg Schneider
Peter Kohn
Thomas Kaiser
Sabine Arnold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3977584A1 publication Critical patent/EP3977584A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/10—Driver interactions by alarm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating an electrical energy store, an electrical energy store and a device according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • US 2013/0169038 A1 shows a device for the uninterrupted supply of energy to an electric vehicle from batteries connected in series, which device comprises a bridging switch.
  • CN 203103992 U shows a control system for battery charge management and battery discharge management.
  • the essence of the invention in the method for operating an electrical energy store, having an electrical energy storage module, a switching unit and a first and second connection consists in the fact that the method has the following method steps that follow one another in time: in a first method step a signal from a sensor of the electrical energy storage is evaluated, wherein a critical state of the electrical energy store is determined in a second process step, wherein in a third process step an electrically conductive connection between the electrical energy storage module and the first and second connection in the charging direction is interrupted by means of the switching unit, while at the same time the electrically conductive connection between the electrical
  • Energy storage module and the first and second connection remains connected in the discharge direction.
  • the background to the invention is that when a critical state of an electrical energy store occurs, it is usually completely switched off. As a result, a device supplied by the electrical energy store, for example a vehicle, can enter a critical operating state. If, for example, the vehicle's electrical energy storage system fails while driving, not only an electric drive but also safety-related devices in the vehicle such as brake assistants, steering assistants and other failures
  • the electrical energy store can advantageously continue to be discharged in a critical state. At the same time, further charging of the electrical energy store, in particular by means of recuperation, is prevented. This allows the device in a safe
  • the senor is a cell voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, a current sensor and / or an output voltage sensor.
  • the critical state of the electrical energy store can be recognized by means of the respective sensor, namely a critical cell voltage and / or a critical current and / or a critical cell temperature and / or a critical
  • the electrical energy store continues to be operated in the discharge direction, the electrical energy store being monitored by means of the current sensor.
  • the device can be brought into a safer operating state. This is the electrical
  • the energy storage device continues to be monitored by means of the current sensor, so that the electrical energy storage device is activated if an overcurrent also occurs
  • a critical state of the electrical energy store is advantageously that a measured value of a sensor exceeds a critical maximum limit value or that a measured value falls below a critical minimum limit value or that a sensor fails or a control unit of the electrical energy store at least partially fails.
  • the critical state can therefore be identified by evaluating a signal from the sensor or by the absence of a signal.
  • a warning or an error message is output to a user or an external controller.
  • An adaptation of the operating strategy of the electrical energy store can be initiated by means of the warning notice or the error message. This can reduce the load on the electrical energy store.
  • the user preferably receives a message that he must visit a workshop in order to have the electrical energy storage device repaired.
  • Energy storage has an electrical energy storage module, a switching unit and a first and second connection, is that the electrical
  • Energy storage is set up, an electrically conductive connection between the to interrupt electrical energy storage module and the first and second connection by means of the switching unit simultaneously in the charging direction and connect in the discharging direction.
  • the background to the invention is that in a critical state of the electrical energy store it does not have to be completely switched off, but can continue to be discharged. At the same time, the interruption in the charging direction prevents further charging of the electrical energy store, so that overcharging can be prevented.
  • the electrical energy store has a control unit, a charge controller and a discharge controller.
  • the charge control and the discharge control can be controlled by the control unit and can be operated independently of one another.
  • the switching unit has at least one first switching means and at least one second switching means, in particular a matrix circuit of first switching means and second switching means. This means that the switching unit can be made compact.
  • the first switching means has at least one first MOSFET switch and the second switching means has at least one second MOSFET switch.
  • the essence of the invention in the device, in particular the vehicle, is that the device has an electrical energy store as described above or according to one of the claims relating to the electrical energy store.
  • the background to the invention is that the device can be brought into a safe operating state in the event of a critical state of the electrical energy store. For example, a vehicle can be parked safely or in one
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical energy store 1 according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method 100 according to the invention for operating an electrical energy store 1.
  • the electrical energy store 1 shown in Fig. 1 has:
  • Terminal is arranged and set up to determine the voltage between the first and second terminal (5, 7).
  • the electrical energy storage module 18 has at least one electrical
  • Cell voltage sensor 16 at least one temperature sensor 15 and one
  • the electrical energy storage module 18 preferably has a plurality of electrical energy storage cells 17 which are arranged in series.
  • a cell voltage sensor 16 is assigned to each electrical energy storage cell 17, in particular connected in parallel to the respective electrical one
  • Energy storage cell 17 arranged, which is set up to determine the voltage of the respective electrical energy storage cell 17.
  • the current sensor 14 is arranged in series with the electrical energy storage cells 17 and is set up to determine the current flowing through the electrical energy storage cells 17.
  • At least one temperature sensor 15 is arranged in the electrical energy storage module 18.
  • a temperature sensor 15 is preferably arranged on each electrical energy storage cell 17.
  • the control unit 22 has an evaluation unit 13, a transceiver unit 12, a control unit 11 and a monitoring unit 10.
  • the evaluation unit 13 is connected to the transceiver unit 12 in a signal-conducting manner.
  • the transceiver unit 12 is connected to the control unit 11 in a signal-conducting manner.
  • Control unit 11 is connected to monitoring unit 10 in a signal-conducting manner.
  • the control unit 22 conducts signals with the sensors of the electrical
  • the evaluation unit 13 is set up to evaluate signals from the sensors and to send a measurement result from the sensors to the transceiver unit 12.
  • the transceiver unit 12 is set up to forward the measurement result to the control unit 11.
  • the control unit 11 is set up to send the measurement result to the
  • Monitoring unit 10 forward.
  • the monitoring unit 10 is set up to control the measuring unit 13, the transceiver unit 12 and / or the control unit 11 monitor and detect a failure of the measuring unit 13, the transceiver unit 12 and / or the control unit 11.
  • the control unit 22 conducts signals with the charging controller 8 and the
  • Discharge control 9 connected.
  • Monitoring unit 10 set up, the charging controller 8 and / or the
  • Discharge control 9 to control.
  • the switching unit 4 has at least one first switching means 2 and at least one second switching means 3, in particular a matrix of first switching means 2 and second switching means 3, by means of which the electrical energy storage module 18 can be electrically connected to the first and second connection (5, 7) is.
  • the first switching means 2 is set up to connect the electrical energy storage module 18 to the first and second connection (5, 7) for charging or to disconnect the connection.
  • the second switching means 3 is set up to connect the electrical energy storage module 18 to the first and second connection (5, 7) for discharging or to disconnect the connection.
  • the first switching means 2 is preferably designed as a first MOSFET 20 and the second switching means 3 is designed as a second MOSFET 21.
  • the charging controller 8 is connected to the second switching means 3 in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to control the second switching means 3.
  • the discharge control 9 is connected in a signal-conducting manner to the first switching means 2 and is set up to control the first switching means 2.
  • a resistor 19 is arranged between the switching unit 4 and the electrical energy storage module 18. The current flowing through the switching unit 4 can be determined by means of the resistor 19.
  • the control unit 22 monitors and controls the electrical energy store 1. For this purpose, the signals from the sensors of the electrical energy store module 18 are evaluated and monitored. As soon as the electrical energy store 1 has a critical state, for example a measured value exceeds a critical maximum limit value or falls below a critical minimum limit value or a sensor fails, the charge control 8 and / or the discharge control 9 can be controlled in order to protect the electrical energy store 1.
  • the charging controller can prevent 8 charging processes, while the discharging controller still allows 9 discharging processes. Charges and
  • Unloading processes are prevented at the same time or loading processes are allowed and unloading processes are prevented. Charging processes and discharging processes can therefore be controlled independently of one another.
  • control unit 22 is connected in a signal-conducting manner to a vehicle control of an electrically driven vehicle.
  • the control unit 22 is set up to control the electrical energy store 1 in accordance with the vehicle control commands of the vehicle control.
  • control unit 22 is set up to send an error message from the electrical energy store 1 to the vehicle controller. For example, a driving speed or range of the vehicle can be limited or an error message can be displayed when the electrical energy store 1 is in a critical state.
  • FIG. 2 the inventive method 100 for operating an electrical energy store 1 having an electrical energy storage module 18, a switching unit 4 and a first and second connection (5, 7) is shown schematically.
  • the method 100 has the following sequential ones
  • a signal from a sensor of the electrical energy store 1 is evaluated.
  • the sensor is a cell voltage sensor 16 and / or a temperature sensor 15 and / or a current sensor 14 and / or a
  • a critical state of the electrical energy store 1 is determined.
  • Energy store 1 consists, for example, in the fact that a measured value of a sensor exceeds a critical maximum limit value or falls below a critical minimum limit value or that a sensor fails.
  • a third method step 103 an electrically conductive connection between the electrical energy storage module 18 and the first and second connection (5, 7) in the charging direction is interrupted by means of the switching unit 4, while the electrically conductive connection between the electrical energy storage module 18 and the first and second connection (5, 7) remains connected in the unloading direction.
  • the electrical energy store (1) can therefore continue to be discharged but no longer charged.
  • a warning or an error message is output to a user or an external controller.
  • the critical state of the electrical energy store 1 may preferably not exceed a predetermined critical time span. Should this critical period of time be exceeded, the electrically conductive connection between the
  • An electrical energy storage device is a rechargeable one
  • the energy storage cell can be implemented as a lithium-based battery cell, in particular a lithium-ion battery cell.
  • the energy storage cell is designed as a lithium-polymer battery cell or a nickel-metal hydride battery cell or a lead-acid battery cell or a lithium-air battery cell or a lithium-sulfur battery cell.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating an electric energy store (1), to an electric energy store (1), and to a device, having an electric energy storage module (18), a switch unit (4), and a first and second connection (5, 7). The method has the following steps which follow one another chronologically: in a first step, a signal of a sensor of the electric energy store (1) is evaluated; in a second step, a critical state of the electric energy store (1) is ascertained; in a third step, an electrically conductive connection between the electric energy storage module (18) and the first and second connection (5, 7) is interrupted in the charge direction by means of the switch unit (4), while simultaneously the electrically conductive connection between the electric energy storage module (18) and the first and second connection (5, 7) remains connected in the discharge direction.

Description

Beschreibung description
Titel title
Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, elektrischer Energiespeicher und Vorrichtung Method for operating an electrical energy store, electrical energy store and device
Feld der Erfindung Field of invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, einen elektrischen Energiespeicher und eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. The present invention relates to a method for operating an electrical energy store, an electrical energy store and a device according to the preamble of the independent claims.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die US 2013/0169038 Al zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur ununterbrochenen Energieversorgung eines elektrischen Fahrzeuges aus seriell verschalteten Batterien, die einen Überbrückungschalter umfasst. US 2013/0169038 A1 shows a device for the uninterrupted supply of energy to an electric vehicle from batteries connected in series, which device comprises a bridging switch.
Die CN 203103992 U zeigt ein Kontrollsystem für ein Batterielademanagement und Batterieentlademanagement. CN 203103992 U shows a control system for battery charge management and battery discharge management.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Der Kern der Erfindung bei dem Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, aufweisend ein elektrisches Energiespeichermodul, eine Schalteinheit und einen ersten und zweiten Anschluss, besteht darin, dass das Verfahren folgende zeitlich aufeinander folgende Verfahrensschritte aufweist: wobei in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt ein Signal eines Sensors des elektrischen Energiespeichers ausgewertet wird, wobei in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt ein kritischer Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers festgestellt wird, wobei in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt mittels der Schalteinheit eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss in Laderichtung unterbrochen wird, während gleichzeitig die elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen The essence of the invention in the method for operating an electrical energy store, having an electrical energy storage module, a switching unit and a first and second connection, consists in the fact that the method has the following method steps that follow one another in time: in a first method step a signal from a sensor of the electrical energy storage is evaluated, wherein a critical state of the electrical energy store is determined in a second process step, wherein in a third process step an electrically conductive connection between the electrical energy storage module and the first and second connection in the charging direction is interrupted by means of the switching unit, while at the same time the electrically conductive connection between the electrical
Energiespeichermodul und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss in Entladerichtung verbunden bleibt. Energy storage module and the first and second connection remains connected in the discharge direction.
Hintergrund der Erfindung ist, dass bei Auftreten eines kritischen Zustands eines elektrischen Energiespeichers dieser üblicherweise vollständig abgeschaltet wird. Dadurch kann eine von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher versorgte Vorrichtung, beispielsweise ein Fahrzeug, in einen kritischen Betriebszustand kommen. Wenn zum Beispiel während der Fahrt der elektrische Energiespeicher des Fahrzeugs ausfällt, versagen neben einem elektrischen Antrieb auch sicherheitsrelevante Einrichtungen des Fahrzeugs wie beispielsweise Bremsassistent, Lenkassistent und The background to the invention is that when a critical state of an electrical energy store occurs, it is usually completely switched off. As a result, a device supplied by the electrical energy store, for example a vehicle, can enter a critical operating state. If, for example, the vehicle's electrical energy storage system fails while driving, not only an electric drive but also safety-related devices in the vehicle such as brake assistants, steering assistants and other failures
Fahrzeugsteuerung. Vehicle control.
Vorteilhafterweise kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der elektrische Energiespeicher in einem kritischen Zustand weiterhin entladen werden. Gleichzeitig wird ein weiteres Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers, insbesondere mittels Rekuperation, verhindert. Dadurch kann die Vorrichtung in einen sicheren In the method according to the invention, the electrical energy store can advantageously continue to be discharged in a critical state. At the same time, further charging of the electrical energy store, in particular by means of recuperation, is prevented. This allows the device in a safe
Betriebszustand gebracht werden und gleichzeitig wird ein Überladungszustand des defekten elektrischen Energiespeichers verhindert. Operating state are brought and at the same time an overload state of the defective electrical energy store is prevented.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Sensor ein Zellspannungssensor, ein Temperatursensor, ein Stromsensor und/oder ein Ausgangsspannungssensor. Mittels des jeweiligen Sensors können Merkmale des kritischen Zustands des elektrischen Energiespeichers erkannt werden, nämlich eine kritische Zellspannung und/oder ein kritischer Strom und/oder eine kritische Zelltemperatur und/oder eine kritische According to an advantageous embodiment, the sensor is a cell voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, a current sensor and / or an output voltage sensor. Features of the critical state of the electrical energy store can be recognized by means of the respective sensor, namely a critical cell voltage and / or a critical current and / or a critical cell temperature and / or a critical
Temperatur des elektrischen Energiespeichers. Temperature of the electrical energy storage.
Von Vorteil ist es dabei, wenn bei einem Ausfall eines Zellspannungssensors der elektrische Energiespeicher in Entladerichtung weiterhin betrieben wird, wobei der elektrische Energiespeicher mittels des Stromsensors überwacht wird. Somit kann bei einem kritischen Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers, die Vorrichtung in einen sichereren Betriebszustand gebracht werden. Dabei wird der elektrische It is advantageous if, in the event of a failure of a cell voltage sensor, the electrical energy store continues to be operated in the discharge direction, the electrical energy store being monitored by means of the current sensor. Thus, in the event of a critical state of the electrical energy store, the device can be brought into a safer operating state. This is the electrical
Energiespeicher aber mittels des Stromsensors weiterhin überwacht, so dass der elektrische Energiespeicher bei zusätzlichem Auftreten eines Überstromes However, the energy storage device continues to be monitored by means of the current sensor, so that the electrical energy storage device is activated if an overcurrent also occurs
abgeschaltet werden kann. can be switched off.
Vorteilhafterweise besteht ein kritischer Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers darin, dass ein Messwert eines Sensors einen kritischen maximalen Grenzwert überschreitet oder dass ein Messwert einen kritischen minimalen Grenzwert unterschreitet oder dass ein Sensor ausfällt oder eine Kontrolleinheit des elektrischen Energiespeichers zumindest teilweise ausfällt. Der kritische Zustand ist also durch Auswertung eines Signals des Sensors beziehungsweise durch Ausbleiben eines Signals erkennbar. A critical state of the electrical energy store is advantageously that a measured value of a sensor exceeds a critical maximum limit value or that a measured value falls below a critical minimum limit value or that a sensor fails or a control unit of the electrical energy store at least partially fails. The critical state can therefore be identified by evaluating a signal from the sensor or by the absence of a signal.
Von Vorteil ist es weiterhin, wenn in einem vierten Verfahrensschritt ein Warnhinweis oder eine Fehlermeldung an einen Nutzer oder eine externe Steuerung ausgegeben wird. Mittels des Warnhinweises oder der Fehlermeldung kann eine Anpassung der Betriebsstrategie des elektrischen Energiespeichers initiiert werden. Dadurch kann die Belastung des elektrischen Energiespeichers reduziert werden. Vorzugsweise erhält der Nutzer einen Hinweis, dass er eine Werkstatt aufsuchen muss, um den elektrischen Energiespeicher reparieren zu lassen. It is also advantageous if, in a fourth method step, a warning or an error message is output to a user or an external controller. An adaptation of the operating strategy of the electrical energy store can be initiated by means of the warning notice or the error message. This can reduce the load on the electrical energy store. The user preferably receives a message that he must visit a workshop in order to have the electrical energy storage device repaired.
Der Kern der Erfindung bei dem elektrischen Energiespeicher, insbesondere der mittels eines Verfahrens wie zuvor beschrieben beziehungsweise nach einem der auf das Verfahren bezogenen Ansprüche betreibbar ist, wobei der elektrische The essence of the invention in the electrical energy store, in particular which can be operated by means of a method as described above or according to one of the claims relating to the method, wherein the electrical
Energiespeicher ein elektrisches Energiespeichermodul, eine Schalteinheit und einen ersten und zweiten Anschluss aufweist, besteht darin, dass der elektrische Energy storage has an electrical energy storage module, a switching unit and a first and second connection, is that the electrical
Energiespeicher eingerichtet ist, eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss mittels der Schalteinheit gleichzeitig in Laderichtung zu unterbrechen und in Entladerichtung zu verbinden. Energy storage is set up, an electrically conductive connection between the to interrupt electrical energy storage module and the first and second connection by means of the switching unit simultaneously in the charging direction and connect in the discharging direction.
Hintergrund der Erfindung ist, dass in einem kritischen Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers dieser nicht vollständig abgeschaltet werden muss, sondern weiterhin entladen werden kann. Gleichzeitig wird durch das Unterbrechen in der Laderichtung ein weiteres Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers verhindert, so dass ein Überladen verhindert werden kann. The background to the invention is that in a critical state of the electrical energy store it does not have to be completely switched off, but can continue to be discharged. At the same time, the interruption in the charging direction prevents further charging of the electrical energy store, so that overcharging can be prevented.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist der elektrische Energiespeicher eine Kontrolleinheit, eine Ladesteuerung und eine Entladesteuerung auf. Dabei sind die Ladesteuerung und die Entladesteuerung von der Kontrolleinheit steuerbar und unabhängig voneinander betreibbar. According to an advantageous embodiment, the electrical energy store has a control unit, a charge controller and a discharge controller. The charge control and the discharge control can be controlled by the control unit and can be operated independently of one another.
Von Vorteil ist es weiterhin, wenn die Schalteinheit zumindest ein erstes Schaltmittel und zumindest ein zweites Schaltmittel, insbesondere eine Matrixschaltung von ersten Schaltmitteln und zweiten Schaltmitteln, aufweist. Dadurch ist die Schalteinheit kompakt ausführbar. It is also advantageous if the switching unit has at least one first switching means and at least one second switching means, in particular a matrix circuit of first switching means and second switching means. This means that the switching unit can be made compact.
Dabei ist es von Vorteil, wenn das erste Schaltmittel zumindest einen ersten MOSFET- Schalter aufweist und das zweite Schaltmittel zumindest einen zweiten MOSFET- Schalter aufweist. It is advantageous if the first switching means has at least one first MOSFET switch and the second switching means has at least one second MOSFET switch.
Der Kern der Erfindung bei der Vorrichtung, insbesondere Fahrzeug, besteht darin, dass die Vorrichtung einen elektrischen Energiespeicher wie zuvor beschrieben beziehungsweise nach einem der auf den elektrischen Energiespeicher bezogenen Ansprüche aufweist. The essence of the invention in the device, in particular the vehicle, is that the device has an electrical energy store as described above or according to one of the claims relating to the electrical energy store.
Hintergrund der Erfindung ist, dass die Vorrichtung bei einem kritischen Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers in einen sicheren Betriebszustand gebracht werden kann. Beispielsweise kann ein Fahrzeug sicher abgestellt werden oder in eine The background to the invention is that the device can be brought into a safe operating state in the event of a critical state of the electrical energy store. For example, a vehicle can be parked safely or in one
Werkstatt gebracht werden. Die obigen Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen lassen sich, sofern sinnvoll, beliebig miteinander kombinieren. Weitere mögliche Ausgestaltungen, Weiterbildungen und Implementierungen der Erfindung umfassen auch nicht explizit genannte Workshop. The above configurations and developments can be combined with one another as desired, provided that it makes sense. Further possible configurations, developments and implementations of the invention also include not explicitly mentioned
Kombinationen von zuvor oder im Folgenden bezüglich der Ausführungsbeispiele beschriebenen Merkmalen der Erfindung. Insbesondere wird dabei der Fachmann auch Einzelaspekte als Verbesserungen oder Ergänzungen zu der jeweiligen Combinations of features of the invention described above or below with respect to the exemplary embodiments. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also use individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective
Grundform der vorliegenden Erfindung hinzufügen. Add the basic form of the present invention.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Im folgenden Abschnitt wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen, aus denen sich weitere erfinderische Merkmale ergeben können, auf die die Erfindung aber in ihrem Umfang nicht beschränkt ist, erläutert. Die Ausführungsbeispiele sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt. In the following section, the invention is explained on the basis of exemplary embodiments from which further inventive features can result, but to which the scope of the invention is not restricted. The exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawings.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Energiespeicher 1 und 1 shows an electrical energy store 1 according to the invention and
Fig. 2 ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm einen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens 100 zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers 1. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method 100 according to the invention for operating an electrical energy store 1.
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte elektrische Energiespeicher 1 weist auf: The electrical energy store 1 shown in Fig. 1 has:
- zumindest ein elektrisches Energiespeichermodul 18, - At least one electrical energy storage module 18,
- eine Kontrolleinheit 22, - a control unit 22,
- eine Schalteinheit 4, - a switching unit 4,
- eine Ladesteuerung 8, - a charging controller 8,
- eine Entladesteuerung 9, - a discharge control 9,
- ein Widerstand 19, - a resistor 19,
- einen ersten Anschluss 5, - a first connection 5,
- einen zweiten Anschluss 7 und - einen Ausgangsspannungssensor 6, der zwischen dem ersten und zweiten - a second connection 7 and - An output voltage sensor 6 between the first and second
Anschluss angeordnet und eingerichtet ist, die Spannung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) zu bestimmen. Terminal is arranged and set up to determine the voltage between the first and second terminal (5, 7).
Das elektrische Energiespeichermodul 18 weist zumindest eine elektrische The electrical energy storage module 18 has at least one electrical
Energiespeicherzelle 17 und Sensoren auf, insbesondere zumindest einen Energy storage cell 17 and sensors, in particular at least one
Zellspannungssensor 16, zumindest einen Temperatursensor 15 und einen Cell voltage sensor 16, at least one temperature sensor 15 and one
Stromsensor 14. Vorzugweise weist das elektrische Energiespeichermodul 18 mehrere elektrische Energiespeicherzellen 17 auf, die in Reihenschaltung angeordnet sind. Dabei ist jeder elektrischen Energiespeicherzelle 17 ein Zellspannungssensor 16 zugeordnet, insbesondere parallel geschaltet zu der jeweiligen elektrischen Current sensor 14. The electrical energy storage module 18 preferably has a plurality of electrical energy storage cells 17 which are arranged in series. A cell voltage sensor 16 is assigned to each electrical energy storage cell 17, in particular connected in parallel to the respective electrical one
Energiespeicherzelle 17 angeordnet, der eingerichtet ist, die Spannung der jeweiligen elektrischen Energiespeicherzelle 17 zu bestimmen. Der Stromsensor 14 ist in Reihe geschaltet zu den elektrischen Energiespeicherzellen 17 angeordnet und eingerichtet, den Strom, der durch die elektrischen Energiespeicherzellen 17 fließt, zu bestimmen. Zumindest ein Temperatursensor 15 ist in dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul 18 angeordnet. Vorzugsweise ist an jeder elektrischen Energiespeicherzelle 17 ein Temperatursensor 15 angeordnet. Energy storage cell 17 arranged, which is set up to determine the voltage of the respective electrical energy storage cell 17. The current sensor 14 is arranged in series with the electrical energy storage cells 17 and is set up to determine the current flowing through the electrical energy storage cells 17. At least one temperature sensor 15 is arranged in the electrical energy storage module 18. A temperature sensor 15 is preferably arranged on each electrical energy storage cell 17.
Die Kontrolleinheit 22 weist eine Auswerteeinheit 13, eine Sende-Empfangseinheit 12, eine Steuereinheit 11 und eine Überwachungseinheit 10 auf. Die Auswerteeinheit 13 ist signalleitend mit der Sende-Empfangseinheit 12 verbunden. Die Sende- Empfangseinheit 12 ist signalleitend mit der Steuereinheit 11 verbunden. Die The control unit 22 has an evaluation unit 13, a transceiver unit 12, a control unit 11 and a monitoring unit 10. The evaluation unit 13 is connected to the transceiver unit 12 in a signal-conducting manner. The transceiver unit 12 is connected to the control unit 11 in a signal-conducting manner. The
Steuereinheit 11 ist signalleitend mit der Überwachungseinheit 10 verbunden. Control unit 11 is connected to monitoring unit 10 in a signal-conducting manner.
Die Kontrolleinheit 22 ist signalleitend mit den Sensoren des elektrischen The control unit 22 conducts signals with the sensors of the electrical
Energiespeichermoduls 18 und dem Ausgansspannungssensor verbunden. Die Auswerteeinheit 13 ist eingerichtet, Signale der Sensoren auszuwerten und ein Messergebnis der Sensoren an die Sende-Empfangseinheit 12 zu senden. Die Sende- Empfangseinheit 12 ist eingerichtet, das Messergebnis an die Steuereinheit 11 weiterzuleiten. Die Steuereinheit 11 ist eingerichtet, das Messergebnis an die Energy storage module 18 and the output voltage sensor connected. The evaluation unit 13 is set up to evaluate signals from the sensors and to send a measurement result from the sensors to the transceiver unit 12. The transceiver unit 12 is set up to forward the measurement result to the control unit 11. The control unit 11 is set up to send the measurement result to the
Überwachungseinheit 10 weiterzuleiten. Die Überwachungseinheit 10 ist eingerichtet, die Messeinheit 13, die Sende-Empfangseinheit 12 und/oder die Steuereinheit 11 zu überwachen und einen Ausfall der Messeinheit 13, der Sende- Empfangseinheit 12 und/oder der Steuereinheit 11 zu erkennen. Monitoring unit 10 forward. The monitoring unit 10 is set up to control the measuring unit 13, the transceiver unit 12 and / or the control unit 11 monitor and detect a failure of the measuring unit 13, the transceiver unit 12 and / or the control unit 11.
Die Kontrolleinheit 22 ist signalleitend mit der Ladesteuerung 8 und der The control unit 22 conducts signals with the charging controller 8 and the
Entladesteuerung 9 verbunden. Dabei sind die Steuereinheit 11 und/oder die Discharge control 9 connected. The control unit 11 and / or the
Überwachungseinheit 10 eingerichtet, die Ladesteuerung 8 und/oder die Monitoring unit 10 set up, the charging controller 8 and / or the
Entladesteuerung 9 zu steuern. Discharge control 9 to control.
Die Schalteinheit 4 weist zumindest ein erstes Schaltmittel 2 und zumindest ein zweites Schaltmittel 3, insbesondere eine Matrix von ersten Schaltmitteln 2 und zweiten Schaltmitteln 3, auf, mittels denen das elektrische Energiespeichermodul 18 elektrisch leitend mit dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) verbindbar ist. Dabei ist das erste Schaltmittel 2 eingerichtet, das elektrische Energiespeichermodul 18 zum Laden mit dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) zu verbinden oder die Verbindung zu trennen. Das zweiten Schaltmittel 3 ist eingerichtet, das elektrische Energiespeichermodul 18 zum Entladen mit dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) zu verbinden oder die Verbindung zu trennen. Vorzugsweise ist das erste Schaltmittel 2 als erstes MOSFET 20 ausgeführt und das zweite Schaltmittel 3 ist als zweites MOSFET 21 ausgeführt. The switching unit 4 has at least one first switching means 2 and at least one second switching means 3, in particular a matrix of first switching means 2 and second switching means 3, by means of which the electrical energy storage module 18 can be electrically connected to the first and second connection (5, 7) is. The first switching means 2 is set up to connect the electrical energy storage module 18 to the first and second connection (5, 7) for charging or to disconnect the connection. The second switching means 3 is set up to connect the electrical energy storage module 18 to the first and second connection (5, 7) for discharging or to disconnect the connection. The first switching means 2 is preferably designed as a first MOSFET 20 and the second switching means 3 is designed as a second MOSFET 21.
Die Ladesteuerung 8 ist signalleitend mit dem zweiten Schaltmittel 3 verbunden und eingerichtet das zweite Schaltmittel 3 anzusteuern. Die Entladesteuerung 9 ist signalleitend mit dem ersten Schaltmittel 2 verbunden und eingerichtet das erste Schaltmittel 2 anzusteuern. The charging controller 8 is connected to the second switching means 3 in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to control the second switching means 3. The discharge control 9 is connected in a signal-conducting manner to the first switching means 2 and is set up to control the first switching means 2.
Zwischen der Schalteinheit 4 und dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul 18 ist ein Widerstand 19 angeordnet. Mittels des Widerstands 19 ist der Strom der durch die Schalteinheit 4 fließt bestimmbar. A resistor 19 is arranged between the switching unit 4 and the electrical energy storage module 18. The current flowing through the switching unit 4 can be determined by means of the resistor 19.
Die Kontrolleinheit 22 überwacht und steuert den elektrischen Energiespeicher 1. Dazu werden die Signale der Sensoren des elektrischen Energiespeichermoduls 18 ausgewertet und überwacht. Sobald der elektrische Energiespeicher 1 einen kritischen Zustand aufweist, zum Beispiel ein Messwert einen kritischen maximalen Grenzwert überschreitet oder einen kritischen minimalen Grenzwert unterschreitet oder ein Sensor ausfällt, können die Ladesteuerung 8 und/oder die Entladesteuerung 9 angesteuert werden, um den elektrischen Energiespeicher 1 zu schützen. Dabei kann die Ladesteuerung 8 Ladevorgänge unterbinden, während die Entladesteuerung 9 Entladevorgänge weiterhin erlaubt. Genauso können Ladevorgänge und The control unit 22 monitors and controls the electrical energy store 1. For this purpose, the signals from the sensors of the electrical energy store module 18 are evaluated and monitored. As soon as the electrical energy store 1 has a critical state, for example a measured value exceeds a critical maximum limit value or falls below a critical minimum limit value or a sensor fails, the charge control 8 and / or the discharge control 9 can be controlled in order to protect the electrical energy store 1. The charging controller can prevent 8 charging processes, while the discharging controller still allows 9 discharging processes. Charges and
Entladevorgänge gleichzeitig unterbunden werden oder Ladevorgänge werden erlaubt und Entladevorgänge unterbunden. Ladevorgänge und Entladevorgänge können also unabhängig voneinander gesteuert werden. Unloading processes are prevented at the same time or loading processes are allowed and unloading processes are prevented. Charging processes and discharging processes can therefore be controlled independently of one another.
Gemäß einem weiteren in den Figuren nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Kontrolleinheit 22 mit einer Fahrzeugsteuerung eines elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugs signalleitend verbunden. Dabei ist die Kontrolleinheit 22 eingerichtet, den elektrischen Energiespeicher 1 entsprechend den Fahrzeugsteuerbefehlen der Fahrzeugsteuerung anzusteuern. Außerdem ist die Kontrolleinheit 22 eingerichtet, eine Fehlermeldung des elektrischen Energiespeichers 1 an die Fahrzeugsteuerung zu senden. So kann beispielsweise eine Fahrgeschwindigkeit oder Reichweite des Fahrzeugs begrenzt werden oder eine Fehlermeldung angezeigt werden, wenn der elektrische Energiespeicher 1 einen kritischen Zustand aufweist. According to a further exemplary embodiment not shown in the figures, the control unit 22 is connected in a signal-conducting manner to a vehicle control of an electrically driven vehicle. The control unit 22 is set up to control the electrical energy store 1 in accordance with the vehicle control commands of the vehicle control. In addition, the control unit 22 is set up to send an error message from the electrical energy store 1 to the vehicle controller. For example, a driving speed or range of the vehicle can be limited or an error message can be displayed when the electrical energy store 1 is in a critical state.
In Fig. 2 ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren 100 zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers 1 aufweisend ein elektrisches Energiespeichermodul 18, eine Schalteinheit 4 und einen ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5,7) schematisch dargestellt. Das Verfahren 100 weist die folgenden zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden In Fig. 2 the inventive method 100 for operating an electrical energy store 1 having an electrical energy storage module 18, a switching unit 4 and a first and second connection (5, 7) is shown schematically. The method 100 has the following sequential ones
Verfahrensschritte auf: Procedural steps on:
In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt 101 wird ein Signal eines Sensors des elektrischen Energiespeichers 1 ausgewertet. Der Sensor ist ein Zellspannungssensor 16 und/oder ein Temperatursensor 15 und/oder ein Stromsensor 14 und/oder ein In a first method step 101, a signal from a sensor of the electrical energy store 1 is evaluated. The sensor is a cell voltage sensor 16 and / or a temperature sensor 15 and / or a current sensor 14 and / or a
Ausgangsspannungssensor 6. Output voltage sensor 6.
In einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt 102 wird ein kritischer Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers 1 festgestellt. Ein kritischer Zustand des elektrischen In a second method step 102, a critical state of the electrical energy store 1 is determined. A critical condition of the electrical
Energiespeichers 1 besteht beispielsweise darin, dass ein Messwert eines Sensors einen kritischen maximalen Grenzwert überschreitet oder einen kritischen minimalen Grenzwert unterschreitet oder dass ein Sensor ausfällt. In einem dritten Verfahrensschritt 103 wird mittels der Schalteinheit 4 eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul 18 und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5,7) in Laderichtung unterbrochen, während die elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul 18 und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) in Entladerichtung verbunden bleibt. Der elektrische Energiespeicher (1) kann also weiterhin entladen werden aber nicht mehr geladen werden. Energy store 1 consists, for example, in the fact that a measured value of a sensor exceeds a critical maximum limit value or falls below a critical minimum limit value or that a sensor fails. In a third method step 103, an electrically conductive connection between the electrical energy storage module 18 and the first and second connection (5, 7) in the charging direction is interrupted by means of the switching unit 4, while the electrically conductive connection between the electrical energy storage module 18 and the first and second connection (5, 7) remains connected in the unloading direction. The electrical energy store (1) can therefore continue to be discharged but no longer charged.
In einem vierten Verfahrensschritt 104 wird ein Warnhinweis oder eine Fehlermeldung an einen Nutzer oder eine externe Steuerung ausgegeben. In a fourth method step 104, a warning or an error message is output to a user or an external controller.
Vorzugsweise darf der kritische Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers 1 eine vorgegebene kritische Zeitspanne nicht überschreiten. Sollte diese kritische Zeitspanne überschritten werden, wird die elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem The critical state of the electrical energy store 1 may preferably not exceed a predetermined critical time span. Should this critical period of time be exceeded, the electrically conductive connection between the
elektrischen Energiespeichermodul 18 und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) in Laderichtung und in Entladerichtung unterbrochen. electrical energy storage module 18 and the first and second connection (5, 7) interrupted in the charging direction and in the discharging direction.
Unter einem elektrischen Energiespeicher wird hierbei ein wiederaufladbarer An electrical energy storage device is a rechargeable one
Energiespeicher verstanden, insbesondere aufweisend eine elektrochemische Understood energy storage, in particular having an electrochemical one
Energiespeicherzelle und/oder ein Energiespeichermodul aufweisend zumindest eine elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle und/oder ein Energiespeicherpack aufweisend zumindest ein Energiespeichermodul. Die Energiespeicherzelle ist als lithiumbasierte Batteriezelle, insbesondere Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezelle, ausführbar. Alternativ ist die Energiespeicherzelle als Lithium-Polymer-Batteriezelle oder Nickel-Metallhydrid- Batteriezelle oder Blei-Säure-Batteriezelle oder Lithium-Luft-Batteriezelle oder Lithium- Schwefel- Batteriezelle ausgeführt. Energy storage cell and / or an energy storage module having at least one electrochemical energy storage cell and / or an energy storage pack having at least one energy storage module. The energy storage cell can be implemented as a lithium-based battery cell, in particular a lithium-ion battery cell. Alternatively, the energy storage cell is designed as a lithium-polymer battery cell or a nickel-metal hydride battery cell or a lead-acid battery cell or a lithium-air battery cell or a lithium-sulfur battery cell.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren (100) zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (1), aufweisend ein elektrisches Energiespeichermodul (18), eine Schalteinheit (4) und einen ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5,7), wobei das Verfahren (100) folgende zeitlich aufeinander folgende Verfahrensschritte aufweist: in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt (101) wird ein Signal eines Sensors des 1. A method (100) for operating an electrical energy store (1), comprising an electrical energy storage module (18), a switching unit (4) and a first and second connection (5, 7), the method (100) following one another in time Method steps: in a first method step (101), a signal from a sensor of the
elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) ausgewertet, in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt (102) wird ein kritischer Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) festgestellt, in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt (103) wird mittels der Schalteinheit (4) eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul (18) und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5,7) in Laderichtung unterbrochen, während gleichzeitig die elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen electrical energy store (1) evaluated, in a second process step (102) a critical state of the electrical energy store (1) is determined, in a third process step (103) an electrically conductive connection between the electrical energy storage module (18 ) and the first and second connection (5,7) interrupted in the charging direction, while at the same time the electrically conductive connection between the electrical
Energiespeichermodul (18) und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) in Energy storage module (18) and the first and second connection (5, 7) in
Entladerichtung verbunden bleibt. Unloading direction remains connected.
2. Verfahren (100) zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) nach 2. Method (100) for operating an electrical energy store (1) according to
Anspruch 1, Claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Sensor ein Zellspannungssensor (16), ein Temperatursensor (15), ein the sensor is a cell voltage sensor (16), a temperature sensor (15)
Stromsensor (14) und/oder ein Ausgangsspannungssensor (6) ist. Current sensor (14) and / or an output voltage sensor (6) is.
3. Verfahren (100) zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) nach 3. Method (100) for operating an electrical energy store (1)
Anspruch 2, Claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
bei einem Ausfall eines Zellspannungssensors (16) der elektrische Energiespeicher (1) in Entladerichtung weiterhin betrieben wird, wobei der elektrische Energiespeicher mittels des Stromsensors (14) überwacht wird. if a cell voltage sensor (16) fails, the electrical energy store (1) continues to operate in the discharge direction, the electrical energy store being monitored by means of the current sensor (14).
4. Verfahren (100) zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 4. The method (100) for operating an electrical energy store (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
ein kritischer Zustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) darin besteht, dass ein Messwert eines Sensors einen kritischen maximalen Grenzwert überschreitet oder dass ein Messwert einen kritischen minimalen Grenzwert unterschreitet oder dass ein Sensor ausfällt oder eine Kontrolleinheit (22) des elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) zumindest teilweise ausfällt. A critical state of the electrical energy store (1) is that a measured value of a sensor exceeds a critical maximum limit value or that a measured value falls below a critical minimum limit value or that a sensor fails or a control unit (22) of the electrical energy store (1) at least partially fails.
5. Verfahren (100) zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 5. The method (100) for operating an electrical energy store (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
in einem vierten Verfahrensschritt (104) ein Warnhinweis oder eine Fehlermeldung an einen Nutzer oder eine externe Steuerung ausgegeben wird. in a fourth method step (104) a warning or an error message is output to a user or an external controller.
6. Elektrischer Energiespeicher (1), insbesondere der mittels eines Verfahrens (100) zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) nach einem der 6. Electrical energy store (1), in particular by means of a method (100) for operating an electrical energy store (1) according to one of the
vorhergehenden Ansprüche betreibbar ist, wobei der elektrische Energiespeicher (1) ein elektrisches Energiespeichermodul (18), eine Schalteinheit (4) und einen ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5,7) aufweist The preceding claims can be operated, wherein the electrical energy store (1) has an electrical energy storage module (18), a switching unit (4) and a first and second connection (5,7)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der elektrische Energiespeicher (1) eingerichtet ist, eine elektrisch leitende the electrical energy store (1) is set up, an electrically conductive one
Verbindung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeichermodul (18) und dem ersten und zweiten Anschluss (5, 7) mittels der Schalteinheit (4) gleichzeitig in Laderichtung zu unterbrechen und in Entladerichtung zu verbinden. To interrupt the connection between the electrical energy storage module (18) and the first and second connection (5, 7) by means of the switching unit (4) simultaneously in the charging direction and to connect it in the discharging direction.
7. Elektrischer Energiespeicher (1) nach Anspruch 6, 7. Electrical energy store (1) according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der elektrische Energiespeicher (1) eine Kontrolleinheit (22), eine Ladesteuerung (8) und eine Entladesteuerung (9) aufweist. the electrical energy store (1) has a control unit (22), a charge control (8) and a discharge control (9).
8. Elektrischer Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 7, 8. Electrical energy store (1) according to one of claims 6 to 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalteinheit (4) zumindest ein erstes Schaltmittel (2) und zumindest ein zweites Schaltmittel (3) aufweist, insbesondere eine Matrixschaltung von ersten Schaltmitteln (2) und zweiten Schaltmitteln (3) aufweist. characterized in that the switching unit (4) has at least one first switching means (2) and at least one second switching means (3), in particular having a matrix circuit of first switching means (2) and second switching means (3).
9. Elektrischer Energiespeicher (1) nach Anspruch 8, 9. Electrical energy store (1) according to claim 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das erste Schaltmittel (2) zumindest einen ersten MOSFET-Schalter (20) aufweist und das zweite Schaltmittel (3) zumindest einen zweiten MOSFET-Schalter (21) aufweist. the first switching means (2) has at least one first MOSFET switch (20) and the second switching means (3) has at least one second MOSFET switch (21).
10. Vorrichtung, insbesondere Fahrzeug, 10. Device, in particular vehicle,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die Vorrichtung einen elektrischen Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9 aufweist. the device has an electrical energy store (1) according to one of claims 6 to 9.
EP20723106.9A 2019-05-26 2020-04-29 Method for operating an electric energy store, electric energy store, and device Pending EP3977584A1 (en)

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