EP3969202A1 - Mould for manufacturing a component by pouring metal and epitaxial growth, and associated manufacturing method - Google Patents

Mould for manufacturing a component by pouring metal and epitaxial growth, and associated manufacturing method

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Publication number
EP3969202A1
EP3969202A1 EP20715095.4A EP20715095A EP3969202A1 EP 3969202 A1 EP3969202 A1 EP 3969202A1 EP 20715095 A EP20715095 A EP 20715095A EP 3969202 A1 EP3969202 A1 EP 3969202A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seed
mold
housing
monocrystalline
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20715095.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Serge Alain FARGEAS
Nicolas Romain Benjamin Leriche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Aircraft Engines SAS filed Critical Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Publication of EP3969202A1 publication Critical patent/EP3969202A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C30B11/002—Crucibles or containers for supporting the melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C30B11/14—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method characterised by the seed, e.g. its crystallographic orientation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/52—Alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in particular to a mold intended for use in such processes.
  • metal parts or metal alloy parts which have a controlled monocrystalline structure.
  • the blades In certain cases, and in particular in aeronautical turbomachines, it is necessary to have metal parts or metal alloy parts which have a controlled monocrystalline structure.
  • the blades In the distributors of turbines of aeronautical turbomachines, the blades must withstand significant thermomechanical stresses due to the high temperature and to the centrifugal forces to which they are subjected.
  • a controlled monocrystalline structure in the metal alloys forming these blades makes it possible to limit the effects of these stresses.
  • the germ can also be a source of defects in the part obtained by such a process.
  • current seed configurations can cause the growth of parasitic grains which propagate into the casting.
  • Document FR 3 042 725 discloses a mold in which a cylindrical monocrystalline seed is placed and whose dimensions are adapted to reduce the appearance of such parasitic grains.
  • the monocrystalline seed used must however, have an indexing element such as a lug on a lower portion thereof which is oriented as a function of a direction of crystallographic orientation of the monocrystalline seed.
  • This indexing element is also a source of defects in the part obtained, because it can also be responsible for the appearance of parasitic grains at the time of directed solidification.
  • the invention relates to a mold intended to be used to manufacture a monocrystalline part by metal casting and epitaxial growth, the mold
  • the housing having an elliptical section in which a single crystal seed is disposed, the seed having an elliptical section defined by a minor axis and a major axis, the housing being in fluid communication with the cavity through an opening of circular section through which molten metal is intended to flow, the monocrystalline seed and the opening being centered on the same vertical axis,
  • Such a mold allows easy indexing of the crystallographic directions of the monocrystalline seed by eliminating artifacts such as a lug or a flat on a cylindrical seed, a source of defects in the part.
  • the elliptical shape of the seed moreover generates fewer defects than a seed of oblong shape which has a flat lateral surface (and which is therefore not elliptical), in particular because of the difficulty of positioning it in the housing with a clearance low.
  • the secondary crystallographic orientations can be the ⁇ 100> and ⁇ 010> directions of the single crystal forming the seed.
  • the minor axis and the major axis may in particular coincide respectively with said secondary crystallographic orientations, or possibly form an angle
  • the elliptical section of the seed may have an eccentricity greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. Such an eccentricity allows easier identification of the crystallographic orientations, and a reduced bulk compatible with geometries complex molds.
  • the elliptical section of the seed may have an eccentricity of between 0.55 and 0.82.
  • a blocking distance corresponding to the difference between the half-length of the minor axis of the section of the seed and a radius of the opening may be greater than or equal to 2.4 mm.
  • the spread of parasitic grains is considerably reduced for a difference between the radii of the opening and the semi minor axis of the germ greater than or equal to 2.4 mm. This difference is here called “blocking distance” because it is characteristic of blocking the propagation of parasitic grains in the part.
  • side of the housing may be less than or equal to 0.03 mm.
  • a reduced clearance allows correct positioning of the germ in the housing and also reduces the propagation of parasitic grains.
  • the distance separating an upper surface of the seed and an upper surface of the housing is between 5 mm and 10 mm. Such a distance also makes it possible to reduce the propagation of parasitic grains while obtaining correct epitaxy.
  • the monocrystalline seed may have a chamfer or a rounding around the perimeter of its upper edge.
  • the mold can be intended to be used to manufacture a turbine engine blade. It may for example be an aeronautical turbomachine distributor blade.
  • the elliptical section of the seed may have an eccentricity of between 0.55 and 0.82
  • the minor axis may have a length of between 13 mm and 16 mm
  • the opening may have a radius of between 4 mm and 5 mm
  • the distance separating an upper surface of the seed and an upper surface of the housing may be between 5 mm and 10 mm.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a part
  • a mold comprising a cavity in which the part is intended to be formed, and a housing having an elliptical section in which is disposed a monocrystalline seed, the seed having an elliptical section defined by a small axis and a large axis, the minor axis and the major axis of the section of the seed being oriented as a function of the secondary crystallographic orientations of the single crystal forming the single crystal seed, the housing being in
  • the monocrystalline part to be manufactured can be a part for aeronautics.
  • part for aeronautics is meant a part that can be used in a turbojet intended to propel an aircraft, for example: an aeronautical turbomachine blade, a turbine ring, a low pressure distributor, a chamber injection system aircraft combustion, an aircraft injection system component, a flange, a clamping system, an engine equipment support, a cover, etc.
  • Figure 1 is a flowchart showing the different steps of a process according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a mold according to
  • the invention disposed in a directed solidification furnace.
  • Figure 3 shows a monocrystalline seed for use in a mold according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of Figure 2 at a
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the housing of a mold according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the first step of a manufacturing process by metal casting and epitaxial growth consists in obtaining a model, for example in wax, of the part to be manufactured (step E1).
  • the wax model is covered with a ceramic shell (or shell) (step E2), for example by successive quenching in a suitable slip and stucco in a ceramic powder.
  • the model provided with its shell is then fired and dewaxed (step E3), that is to say that the wax present in the ceramic mold obtained is eliminated.
  • An example of a mold 1 according to the invention obtained from a wax model is illustrated in Figures 2 to 4.
  • the ceramic mold 1 comprises in particular one or more cavities 10 (here two cavities have been shown on Figure 1) having the shape of the part to be manufactured (here a distributor blade of
  • aeronautical turbomachine which are open at their upper ends and interconnected by channels opening into a conical part, or bucket 11. It is in the bucket 1 1 that the metal will be subsequently poured before traveling into the cavities 10 .
  • the mold 1 also comprises housings 12 in which are
  • step E4 There are typically as many housings 12 as there are cavities 10.
  • a housing 12 is located below a cavity 10 and is in fluid communication with the cavity which surmounts it through an opening 13, so that metal liquid can be introduced from the cavity 10 into the housing 12.
  • the channel connecting the opening 13 and the cavity 10 is here of cylindrical shape. It will be noted that the mold 1 does not have a helical type grain selector duct.
  • the housing 12 and the monocrystalline seed 2 are elliptical in shape (that is to say having a constant elliptical section over their entire height).
  • the housing 12 and the seed 2 have similar dimensions so as to leave the smallest possible clearance J (figure 5) between the side wall of the housing 12 and the seed 2 to prevent liquid metal from infiltrating around the seed. 2 during casting and generates parasitic grains during solidification of the metal.
  • This clearance J may be less than or equal to 0.03 mm.
  • a base 14 which maintains the germ 2 in the housing 12, and which also supports the assembly of the mold 1 when it is in the vertical position.
  • the seed 2 shown in perspective in Figure 3, has a section
  • a dendrite 2a schematizing the secondary crystallographic orientations of the single crystal forming the seed 2.
  • the dendrite thus defines an X direction corresponding to the crystallographic orientation ⁇ 100>, a Y direction corresponding to the orientation ⁇ 010>, and a Z direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions corresponding to the orientation ⁇ 001>.
  • the minor axis P1 and the major axis P2 respectively coincide with the Y and X directions.
  • the eccentricity of the ellipse defining the seed 2 is preferably between 0.5 and 1 (excluded), and even more preferably between 0.55 and 0.82 for the envisaged application.
  • the seed 2 here has a rounded 2b around the perimeter of its upper edge.
  • the seed 2 may have a chamfer instead of a rounding.
  • seed 2 does not completely occupy housing 12, and a space is provided between the upper end of seed 2 and opening 13 into which liquid metal can be poured.
  • Figure 4 shows a detailed view of a housing 12 in which is
  • the seed 2 and the opening 13 are centered on the same vertical axis Z.
  • the seed 2 has a length Lg, which is for example between 40 and 45 mm.
  • the opening 13 (or the upper wall of the housing 12) can be separated from the upper surface of the seed 2 by a distance d between 5 mm and 10 mm to obtain correct epitaxy.
  • the opening 13 can for example extend over a length Ld of the order of 5 mm.
  • the radius of the opening Rd is greater than or equal to 4 mm to reduce the impact of the opening on the strength of the mold 1. More preferably, the radius of the opening Rd is less than or equal to 5 mm, to ensure correct filling of mold 1 with molten metal.
  • the small axis P1 of seed 2 can be longer than 13 mm in order to increase the reliability of mold 1.
  • This blocking distance is a quantity characteristic of the propagation of parasitic grains from the housing from the germ 12 to the cavity 10.
  • the blocking distance Db can be greater than or equal to 2.4 mm to ensure better blocking of the parasitic grains.
  • the oven 3 advantageously has a window upper 31 through which metal can be poured into the mold 1.
  • the movable plate 30 allows the mold 1 to be quickly removed from the hot chamber of the oven 3 in order to regulate its temperature.
  • Tray 30 can be a cooled copper hearth.
  • the seeds 2 can be fixed for example by gluing to the plate 30.
  • the mold 1 is brought to temperature in the furnace 3, and liquid metal 40 is poured from a crucible 4 into the mold 1 (step E5), through the window 31 of the furnace.
  • the housing 12 of the seeds 2 fill with metal, then the cavities 10 in which the parts are formed.
  • the mold 1 is gradually withdrawn from the oven 3, for example by lowering the movable plate 30, in order to reduce the temperature of the mold 1 and to control the solidification of the metal in the mold (step E6).
  • the metal grain will grow by epitaxy from the seed, whose crystallographic orientation is well known and controlled.
  • the growth of parasitic grains, the orientation of which is not controlled, is avoided, and parts having a structure are obtained after unhooking.
  • step E7 After unhooking (step E7) from the mold, we can finally proceed to
  • step E8 conventional finishing machining

Abstract

The invention relates to a mould (1) intended to be used for manufacturing a monocrystalline component by the pouring of metal and epitaxial growth, the mould comprising a cavity (10) in which the component is intended to be formed, and a housing (12) of elliptical cross section in which a monocrystalline seed (2) is placed, the seed having an elliptical cross section defined by a minor axis and a major axis, the housing being in fluidic communication with the cavity via an opening (13) of circular cross section via which molten metal is intended to flow, the monocrystalline seed and the opening being centred on the one same vertical axis (Z), wherein the minor axis and the major axis of the cross section of the seed are oriented according to the secondary crystallographic orientations of the monocrystal that forms the monocrystalline seed. The invention also relates to the corresponding manufacturing method.

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Moule pour la fabrication d’une pièce par coulée de métal et croissance épitaxiale et procédé de fabrication associé Title of the invention: Mold for the manufacture of a part by metal casting and epitaxial growth and associated manufacturing process
Domaine Technique Technical area
[0001 ] La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général des procédés de The present invention relates to the general field of methods of
fabrication de pièces monocristallines par coulée de métal. La présente invention concerne notamment un moule destiné à être utilisé dans de tels procédés. manufacture of monocrystalline parts by metal casting. The present invention relates in particular to a mold intended for use in such processes.
Technique antérieure Prior art
[0002] Dans certains cas, et notamment dans les turbomachines aéronautiques, il est nécessaire de disposer de pièces métalliques ou en alliage métallique qui présentent une structure monocristalline contrôlée. Par exemple, dans les distributeurs de turbines de turbomachines aéronautiques, les aubes doivent supporter des contraintes thermomécaniques importantes dues à la température élevée et aux efforts centrifuges auxquels elles sont soumises. Une structure monocristalline contrôlée dans les alliages métalliques formant ces aubes permet de limiter les effets de ces contraintes. In certain cases, and in particular in aeronautical turbomachines, it is necessary to have metal parts or metal alloy parts which have a controlled monocrystalline structure. For example, in the distributors of turbines of aeronautical turbomachines, the blades must withstand significant thermomechanical stresses due to the high temperature and to the centrifugal forces to which they are subjected. A controlled monocrystalline structure in the metal alloys forming these blades makes it possible to limit the effects of these stresses.
[0003] Pour réaliser une pièce monocristalline par coulée de métal, on peut fabriquer tout d’abord un moule céramique à partir d’un modèle de la pièce à fabriquer (par exemple un modèle en cire). On place dans le moule un germe monocristallin (c’est-à-dire dont l’orientation cristallographique est connue et constante dans tout le germe) sur lequel on vient couler le métal fondu qui va ensuite remplir une cavité du moule destinée à former la pièce. Lors du refroidissement, le métal se solidifie et la croissance épitaxiale des grains à partir du germe monocristallin permet de garantir l’orientation cristallographique dans la pièce moulée. [0003] To make a monocrystalline part by casting metal, you can first make a ceramic mold from a model of the part to be manufactured (for example a wax model). A monocrystalline seed is placed in the mold (that is to say, the crystallographic orientation of which is known and constant throughout the seed) on which the molten metal is poured which will then fill a cavity of the mold intended to form the room. On cooling, the metal solidifies and the epitaxial growth of the grains from the single crystal seed helps ensure crystallographic orientation in the molded part.
[0004] Cependant, le germe peut également être une source de défauts de la pièce obtenue par un tel procédé. En effet, les configurations de germe actuelles peuvent engendrer la croissance de grains parasites qui se propagent jusque dans la pièce coulée. [0004] However, the germ can also be a source of defects in the part obtained by such a process. In fact, current seed configurations can cause the growth of parasitic grains which propagate into the casting.
[0005] On connaît du document FR 3 042 725 un moule dans lequel on place un germe monocristallin cylindrique et dont les dimensions sont adaptées pour réduire l’apparition de tels grains parasites. Le germe monocristallin utilisé doit toutefois disposer d’un élément d’indexation tel qu’un ergot sur une portion inférieure de celui-ci qui est orienté en fonction d’une direction d’orientation cristallographique du germe monocristallin. Cet élément d’indexation est également une source de défauts dans la pièce obtenue, car il peut aussi être responsable de l’apparition de grains parasites au moment de la solidification dirigée. [0005] Document FR 3 042 725 discloses a mold in which a cylindrical monocrystalline seed is placed and whose dimensions are adapted to reduce the appearance of such parasitic grains. The monocrystalline seed used must however, have an indexing element such as a lug on a lower portion thereof which is oriented as a function of a direction of crystallographic orientation of the monocrystalline seed. This indexing element is also a source of defects in the part obtained, because it can also be responsible for the appearance of parasitic grains at the time of directed solidification.
[0006] Il existe donc un besoin pour disposer d’un moule pour la fabrication d’une pièce par coulée de métal et croissance épitaxiale, ainsi que d’un procédé de fabrication mettant en oeuvre un tel moule, qui ne présentent pas les [0006] There is therefore a need to have a mold for the manufacture of a part by metal casting and epitaxial growth, as well as a manufacturing process using such a mold, which does not have the
inconvénients précités. aforementioned disadvantages.
Exposé de l’invention Disclosure of the invention
[0007] L’invention concerne un moule destiné à être utilisé pour fabriquer une pièce monocristalline par coulée de métal et croissance épitaxiale, le moule [0007] The invention relates to a mold intended to be used to manufacture a monocrystalline part by metal casting and epitaxial growth, the mold
comprenant une cavité dans laquelle est destinée à être formée la pièce et un logement ayant une section elliptique dans lequel est disposé un germe monocristallin, le germe ayant une section elliptique définie par un petit axe et par un grand axe, le logement étant en communication fluidique avec la cavité par le biais d’une ouverture de section circulaire par laquelle est destiné à s’écouler du métal fondu, le germe monocristallin et l’ouverture étant centrés sur un même axe vertical, comprising a cavity in which the part is intended to be formed and a housing having an elliptical section in which a single crystal seed is disposed, the seed having an elliptical section defined by a minor axis and a major axis, the housing being in fluid communication with the cavity through an opening of circular section through which molten metal is intended to flow, the monocrystalline seed and the opening being centered on the same vertical axis,
dans lequel le petit axe et le grand axe de la section du germe permettent de déterminer respectivement les orientations cristallographiques secondaires du monocristal formant le germe monocristallin. in which the minor axis and the major axis of the cross section of the seed make it possible to respectively determine the secondary crystallographic orientations of the single crystal forming the single crystal seed.
[0008] Un tel moule permet une indexation aisée des directions cristallographiques du germe monocristallin en s’affranchissant d’artifices tel qu’un ergot ou un méplat sur un germe cylindrique, source de défauts dans la pièce. La forme elliptique du germe génère par ailleurs moins de défauts qu’un germe de forme oblongue qui présente une surface latérale plane (et qui n’est donc pas elliptique), notamment à cause de la difficulté de le positionner dans le logement avec un jeu faible. [0008] Such a mold allows easy indexing of the crystallographic directions of the monocrystalline seed by eliminating artifacts such as a lug or a flat on a cylindrical seed, a source of defects in the part. The elliptical shape of the seed moreover generates fewer defects than a seed of oblong shape which has a flat lateral surface (and which is therefore not elliptical), in particular because of the difficulty of positioning it in the housing with a clearance low.
[0009] Les orientations cristallographiques secondaires peuvent être les directions <100> et <010> du monocristal formant le germe. Le petit axe et le grand axe peuvent en particulier coïncider respectivement avec lesdites orientations cristallographiques secondaires, ou éventuellement former un angle [0009] The secondary crystallographic orientations can be the <100> and <010> directions of the single crystal forming the seed. The minor axis and the major axis may in particular coincide respectively with said secondary crystallographic orientations, or possibly form an angle
prédéterminé et connu avec celles-ci. predetermined and known with these.
[0010] Dans un exemple de réalisation, la section elliptique du germe peut présenter une excentricité supérieure ou égale à 0,5 et inférieure à 1. Une telle excentricité permet un repérage plus aisé des orientations cristallographiques, et un encombrement réduit compatible avec des géométries de moule complexes. In an exemplary embodiment, the elliptical section of the seed may have an eccentricity greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. Such an eccentricity allows easier identification of the crystallographic orientations, and a reduced bulk compatible with geometries complex molds.
[0011 ] Dans un exemple de réalisation, la section elliptique du germe peut présenter une excentricité comprise entre 0,55 et 0,82. In an exemplary embodiment, the elliptical section of the seed may have an eccentricity of between 0.55 and 0.82.
[0012] Dans un exemple de réalisation, une distance de blocage correspondant à la différence entre la demi-longueur du petit axe de la section du germe et un rayon de l’ouverture peut être supérieure ou égale à 2,4 mm. La propagation de grains parasites est considérablement réduite pour une différence entre les rayons de l’ouverture et le demi petit axe du germe supérieure ou égale à 2,4 mm. Cette différence est ici appelée « distance de blocage » car elle est caractéristique du blocage de la propagation de grains parasites dans la pièce. [0012] In an exemplary embodiment, a blocking distance corresponding to the difference between the half-length of the minor axis of the section of the seed and a radius of the opening may be greater than or equal to 2.4 mm. The spread of parasitic grains is considerably reduced for a difference between the radii of the opening and the semi minor axis of the germ greater than or equal to 2.4 mm. This difference is here called “blocking distance” because it is characteristic of blocking the propagation of parasitic grains in the part.
[0013] Dans un exemple de réalisation, le jeu séparant le germe d’une surface [0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the clearance separating the germ from a surface
latérale du logement peut être inférieur ou égal à 0,03 mm. Un jeu réduit permet un positionnement correct du germe dans le logement et réduit également la propagation de grains parasites. side of the housing may be less than or equal to 0.03 mm. A reduced clearance allows correct positioning of the germ in the housing and also reduces the propagation of parasitic grains.
[0014] Dans un exemple de réalisation, la distance séparant une surface supérieure du germe et une surface supérieure du logement est comprise entre 5 mm et 10 mm. Une telle distance permet également de réduire la propagation de grains parasites tout en obtenant une épitaxie correcte. In an exemplary embodiment, the distance separating an upper surface of the seed and an upper surface of the housing is between 5 mm and 10 mm. Such a distance also makes it possible to reduce the propagation of parasitic grains while obtaining correct epitaxy.
[0015] Dans un exemple de réalisation, le germe monocristallin peut présenter un chanfrein ou un arrondi sur le pourtour de son arête supérieure. Par In an exemplary embodiment, the monocrystalline seed may have a chamfer or a rounding around the perimeter of its upper edge. Through
« supérieure » on entend l’arête située du côté du germe opposé à la base sur laquelle il repose quand le moule est en position verticale. Cet arrondi permet notamment d’éviter qu’une arête trop franche puisse venir au contact du moule et enlève des petits morceaux de moule qui pourraient entraîner l’apparition de grains parasites lors de la coulée de métal. [0016] Dans un exemple de réalisation, le moule peut être destiné à être utilisé pour fabriquer une aube de turbomachine. Il peut par exemple s’agir d’une aube de distributeur de turbomachine aéronautique. "Upper" means the edge located on the side of the seed opposite to the base on which it rests when the mold is in a vertical position. This rounding makes it possible in particular to prevent an excessively sharp edge from coming into contact with the mold and removing small pieces of the mold which could cause the appearance of parasitic grains during the casting of metal. [0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the mold can be intended to be used to manufacture a turbine engine blade. It may for example be an aeronautical turbomachine distributor blade.
[0017] Dans ce cas, la section elliptique du germe peut présenter une excentricité comprise entre 0,55 et 0,82, le petit axe peut présenter une longueur comprise entre 13 mm et 16 mm, et l’ouverture peut présenter un rayon compris entre 4 mm et 5 mm, et la distance séparant une surface supérieure du germe et une surface supérieure du logement peut être comprise entre 5 mm et 10 mm. Cette combinaison de paramètres permet de fabriquer une aube de turbomachine avec un nombre réduit de défauts liés à des grains parasites et d’obtenir un moule robuste. In this case, the elliptical section of the seed may have an eccentricity of between 0.55 and 0.82, the minor axis may have a length of between 13 mm and 16 mm, and the opening may have a radius of between 4 mm and 5 mm, and the distance separating an upper surface of the seed and an upper surface of the housing may be between 5 mm and 10 mm. This combination of parameters makes it possible to manufacture a turbine engine blade with a reduced number of faults linked to parasitic grains and to obtain a robust mold.
[0018] L’invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d’une pièce [0018] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a part
monocristalline par croissance épitaxiale, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : monocrystalline by epitaxial growth, the process comprising the following steps:
- la fabrication d’un moule comprenant une cavité dans laquelle est destinée à être formée la pièce, et un logement ayant une section elliptique dans lequel est disposé un germe monocristallin, le germe ayant une section elliptique définie par un petit axe et par un grand axe, le petit axe et le grand axe de la section du germe étant orientés en fonction des orientations cristallographiques secondaires du monocristal formant le germe monocristallin, le logement étant en - the manufacture of a mold comprising a cavity in which the part is intended to be formed, and a housing having an elliptical section in which is disposed a monocrystalline seed, the seed having an elliptical section defined by a small axis and a large axis, the minor axis and the major axis of the section of the seed being oriented as a function of the secondary crystallographic orientations of the single crystal forming the single crystal seed, the housing being in
communication fluidique avec la cavité par le biais d’une ouverture de section circulaire par laquelle est destiné à s’écouler du métal fondu, le germe fluid communication with the cavity through an opening of circular section through which is intended to flow molten metal, the seed
monocristallin et l’ouverture étant centrés sur un même axe vertical, monocrystalline and the opening being centered on the same vertical axis,
- la coulée d’un métal fondu dans le moule, et - pouring molten metal into the mold, and
- la solidification dirigée du métal coulé de façon à obtenir la pièce. - the directed solidification of the cast metal so as to obtain the part.
[0019] Dans un exemple de réalisation, la pièce monocristalline à fabriquer peut être une pièce pour l’aéronautique. Par « pièce pour l’aéronautique » on entend une pièce pouvant être utilisée dans un turboréacteur destiné à propulser un aéronef, par exemple : une aube de turbomachine aéronautique, un anneau de turbine, un distributeur basse pression, un système d’injection de chambre à combustion aéronautique, un composant de système d’injection aéronautique, une bride, un système de bridage, un support d’équipements moteur, un capot, etc. Brève description des dessins [0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the monocrystalline part to be manufactured can be a part for aeronautics. By “part for aeronautics” is meant a part that can be used in a turbojet intended to propel an aircraft, for example: an aeronautical turbomachine blade, a turbine ring, a low pressure distributor, a chamber injection system aircraft combustion, an aircraft injection system component, a flange, a clamping system, an engine equipment support, a cover, etc. Brief description of the drawings
[0020] D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures : [0020] Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an exemplary embodiment thereof without any limiting nature. In the figures:
[0021 ] [Fig. 1 ] La figure 1 est un ordinogramme représentant les différentes étapes d’un procédé selon l’invention. [0021] [Fig. 1] Figure 1 is a flowchart showing the different steps of a process according to the invention.
[0022] [Fig. 2] La figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe d’un moule selon [0022] [Fig. 2] Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a mold according to
l’invention, disposé dans un four de solidification dirigée. the invention, disposed in a directed solidification furnace.
[0023] [Fig. 3] La figure 3 montre un germe monocristallin destiné à être utilisé dans un moule selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. [0023] [Fig. 3] Figure 3 shows a monocrystalline seed for use in a mold according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0024] [Fig. 4] La figure 4 est une vue agrandie de la figure 2 au niveau d’un [0024] [Fig. 4] Figure 4 is an enlarged view of Figure 2 at a
logement de germe monocristallin. monocrystalline seed housing.
[0025] [Fig. 5] La figure 5 est une vue de dessus du logement d’un moule selon u mode de réalisation de l’invention. [0025] [Fig. 5] Figure 5 is a top view of the housing of a mold according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
[0026] L’invention va maintenant être décrite dans le cadre d’un procédé de [0026] The invention will now be described in the context of a process for
fabrication d’une pièce monocristalline par coulée de métal et croissance épitaxiale. Dans l’exemple illustré, on s’intéresse à la fabrication d’aubes de distributeur de turbomachine aéronautique monocristallines en alliage métallique (par exemple en alliage à base de nickel tel que l’alliage commercial « AM1 »). Les étapes d’un tel procédé sont résumées dans l’ordinogramme de la figure 1. fabrication of a monocrystalline part by metal casting and epitaxial growth. In the example illustrated, we are interested in the manufacture of single crystal aeronautical turbomachine distributor blades made of a metal alloy (for example a nickel-based alloy such as the commercial alloy "AM1"). The steps of such a process are summarized in the flowchart of Figure 1.
[0027] De façon connue en soi, la première étape d’un procédé de fabrication par coulée de métal et croissance épitaxiale consiste à obtenir un modèle, par exemple en cire, de la pièce à fabriquer (étape E1 ). [0027] In a manner known per se, the first step of a manufacturing process by metal casting and epitaxial growth consists in obtaining a model, for example in wax, of the part to be manufactured (step E1).
[0028] Puis, le modèle en cire est recouvert d’une coque (ou carapace) céramique (étape E2), par exemple par trempes successives dans une barbotine adéquate et stuccage dans une poudre céramique. Le modèle muni de sa carapace est ensuite cuit et déciré (étape E3), c’est-à-dire que la cire présente dans le moule céramique obtenu est éliminée. [0029] Un exemple de moule 1 selon l’invention obtenu à partir d’un modèle en cire est illustré sur les figures 2 à 4. Le moule 1 en céramique comprend notamment une ou plusieurs cavités 10 (ici deux cavités ont été représentées sur la figure 1 ) ayant la forme de la pièce à fabriquer (ici une aube de distributeur de Then, the wax model is covered with a ceramic shell (or shell) (step E2), for example by successive quenching in a suitable slip and stucco in a ceramic powder. The model provided with its shell is then fired and dewaxed (step E3), that is to say that the wax present in the ceramic mold obtained is eliminated. An example of a mold 1 according to the invention obtained from a wax model is illustrated in Figures 2 to 4. The ceramic mold 1 comprises in particular one or more cavities 10 (here two cavities have been shown on Figure 1) having the shape of the part to be manufactured (here a distributor blade of
turbomachine aéronautique), qui sont ouvertes à leurs extrémités supérieures et reliées entre elles par des canaux débouchant dans une partie conique, ou godet 11. C’est dans le godet 1 1 que le métal sera ultérieurement coulé avant de cheminer jusque dans les cavités 10. aeronautical turbomachine), which are open at their upper ends and interconnected by channels opening into a conical part, or bucket 11. It is in the bucket 1 1 that the metal will be subsequently poured before traveling into the cavities 10 .
[0030] Le moule 1 comprend également des logements 12 dans lesquels sont [0030] The mold 1 also comprises housings 12 in which are
insérés des germes monocristallins 2 (étape E4). Il y a typiquement autant de logements 12 que de cavités 10. Un logement 12 est localisé au-dessous d’une cavité 10 et est en communication fluidique avec la cavité qui le surmonte par le biais d’une ouverture 13, afin que du métal liquide puisse s’introduire depuis la cavité 10 jusque dans le logement 12. Le canal reliant l’ouverture 13 et la cavité 10 est ici de forme cylindrique. On notera que le moule 1 est dépourvu de conduit sélecteur de grain de type hélicoïdal. inserted monocrystalline seeds 2 (step E4). There are typically as many housings 12 as there are cavities 10. A housing 12 is located below a cavity 10 and is in fluid communication with the cavity which surmounts it through an opening 13, so that metal liquid can be introduced from the cavity 10 into the housing 12. The channel connecting the opening 13 and the cavity 10 is here of cylindrical shape. It will be noted that the mold 1 does not have a helical type grain selector duct.
[0031 ] Le logement 12 et le germe monocristallin 2 sont de forme elliptique (c’est-à- dire présentant une section elliptique constante sur toute leur hauteur). Le logement 12 et le germe 2 présentent des dimensions proches de façon à laisser un jeu J (figure 5) le plus faible possible entre la paroi latérale du logement 12 et le germe 2 pour éviter que du métal liquide ne s’infiltre autour du germe 2 lors de la coulée et génère des grains parasites lors de la solidification du métal. Ce jeu J peut être inférieur ou égal à 0,03 mm. The housing 12 and the monocrystalline seed 2 are elliptical in shape (that is to say having a constant elliptical section over their entire height). The housing 12 and the seed 2 have similar dimensions so as to leave the smallest possible clearance J (figure 5) between the side wall of the housing 12 and the seed 2 to prevent liquid metal from infiltrating around the seed. 2 during casting and generates parasitic grains during solidification of the metal. This clearance J may be less than or equal to 0.03 mm.
[0032] A la base du moule 1 se trouve un socle 14 qui assure le maintien du germe 2 dans le logement 12, et qui supporte également l’ensemble du moule 1 lorsqu’il est en position verticale. At the base of the mold 1 is a base 14 which maintains the germ 2 in the housing 12, and which also supports the assembly of the mold 1 when it is in the vertical position.
[0033] Le germe 2, montré en perspective sur la figure 3, présente une section The seed 2, shown in perspective in Figure 3, has a section
elliptique avec un petit axe P1 et un grand axe P2. On a représenté en tirets sur la surface supérieure du germe une dendrite 2a schématisant les orientations cristallographiques secondaires du monocristal formant le germe 2. La dendrite définit ainsi une direction X correspondant à l’orientation cristallographique <100>, une direction Y correspondant à l’orientation <010>, et une direction Z perpendiculaire aux directions X et Y correspondant à l’orientation <001 >. Dans cet exemple, le petit axe P1 et le grand axe P2 coïncident respectivement avec les directions Y et X. L’excentricité de l’ellipse définissant le germe 2 (ainsi que le logement 12) est de préférence comprise entre 0,5 et 1 (exclu), et encore plus préférentiellement comprise entre 0,55 et 0,82 pour l’application envisagée. Le germe 2 présente ici un arrondi 2b sur le pourtour de son arête supérieure. En variante, le germe 2 peut présenter un chanfrein à la place d’un arrondi. elliptical with a small axis P1 and a large axis P2. There is shown in dashed lines on the upper surface of the seed a dendrite 2a schematizing the secondary crystallographic orientations of the single crystal forming the seed 2. The dendrite thus defines an X direction corresponding to the crystallographic orientation <100>, a Y direction corresponding to the orientation <010>, and a Z direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions corresponding to the orientation <001>. In this example, the minor axis P1 and the major axis P2 respectively coincide with the Y and X directions. The eccentricity of the ellipse defining the seed 2 (as well as the housing 12) is preferably between 0.5 and 1 (excluded), and even more preferably between 0.55 and 0.82 for the envisaged application. The seed 2 here has a rounded 2b around the perimeter of its upper edge. As a variant, the seed 2 may have a chamfer instead of a rounding.
Typiquement, le germe 2 n’occupe pas complètement le logement 12, et un espace est ménagé entre l’extrémité supérieure du germe 2 et l’ouverture 13 dans lequel du métal liquide pourra être coulé. Typically, seed 2 does not completely occupy housing 12, and a space is provided between the upper end of seed 2 and opening 13 into which liquid metal can be poured.
[0034] La figure 4 montre une vue détaillée d’un logement 12 dans lequel est [0034] Figure 4 shows a detailed view of a housing 12 in which is
disposé un germe 2. Le germe 2 et l’ouverture 13 sont centrés sur le même axe vertical Z. arranged a seed 2. The seed 2 and the opening 13 are centered on the same vertical axis Z.
[0035] Le germe 2 présente une longueur Lg, qui est par exemple comprise entre 40 et 45 mm. L’ouverture 13 (ou la paroi supérieure du logement 12) peut être séparée de la surface supérieure du germe 2 d’une distance d comprise entre 5 mm et 10 mm pour obtenir une épitaxie correcte. L’ouverture 13 peut par exemple s’étendre sur une longueur Ld de l’ordre de 5 mm. De préférence, le rayon de l’ouverture Rd est supérieur ou égal à 4 mm pour réduire l’impact de l’ouverture sur la solidité du moule 1. De préférence encore, le rayon de l’ouverture Rd est inférieur ou égal à 5 mm, pour assurer un remplissage correct du moule 1 par le métal fondu. Le petit axe P1 du germe 2 peut présenter une longueur supérieure à 13 mm afin d’augmenter la fiabilité du moule 1. The seed 2 has a length Lg, which is for example between 40 and 45 mm. The opening 13 (or the upper wall of the housing 12) can be separated from the upper surface of the seed 2 by a distance d between 5 mm and 10 mm to obtain correct epitaxy. The opening 13 can for example extend over a length Ld of the order of 5 mm. Preferably, the radius of the opening Rd is greater than or equal to 4 mm to reduce the impact of the opening on the strength of the mold 1. More preferably, the radius of the opening Rd is less than or equal to 5 mm, to ensure correct filling of mold 1 with molten metal. The small axis P1 of seed 2 can be longer than 13 mm in order to increase the reliability of mold 1.
[0036] On définit une distance de blocage Db (figure 5), correspondant à la We define a blocking distance Db (Figure 5), corresponding to the
différence entre le demi petit axe ( P 1 )/2 du germe et le rayon de l’ouverture Rd : Db = (P1 )/2 - Rd. Cette distance de blocage est une grandeur caractéristique de la propagation de grains parasites depuis le logement du germe 12 jusqu’à la cavité 10. La distance de blocage Db peut être supérieure ou égale à 2,4 mm pour assurer un meilleur blocage des grains parasites. difference between the semi-minor axis (P 1) / 2 of the seed and the radius of the opening Rd: Db = (P1) / 2 - Rd. This blocking distance is a quantity characteristic of the propagation of parasitic grains from the housing from the germ 12 to the cavity 10. The blocking distance Db can be greater than or equal to 2.4 mm to ensure better blocking of the parasitic grains.
[0037] Une fois les germes 2 insérés et orientés dans leurs logements 12, Once the germs 2 inserted and oriented in their housings 12,
l’ensemble du moule 1 sur son socle 14 est placé sur un plateau mobile 30 d’un four 3 de solidification dirigée. Le four 3 présente avantageusement une fenêtre supérieure 31 par laquelle on peut couler du métal dans le moule 1. Le plateau mobile 30 permet de retirer rapidement le moule 1 de l’enceinte chaude du four 3 pour réguler sa température. Le plateau 30 peut être une sole en cuivre refroidie. Les germes 2 peuvent être fixés par exemple par collage au plateau 30. the whole of the mold 1 on its base 14 is placed on a movable plate 30 of a furnace 3 for directed solidification. The oven 3 advantageously has a window upper 31 through which metal can be poured into the mold 1. The movable plate 30 allows the mold 1 to be quickly removed from the hot chamber of the oven 3 in order to regulate its temperature. Tray 30 can be a cooled copper hearth. The seeds 2 can be fixed for example by gluing to the plate 30.
[0038] Le moule 1 est mis en température dans le four 3, et du métal liquide 40 est coulé à partir d’un creuset 4 dans le moule 1 (étape E5), par la fenêtre 31 du four. Les logements 12 des germes 2 se remplissent de métal, puis les cavités 10 dans lesquelles sont formées les pièces. On retire progressivement le moule 1 du four 3, par exemple en abaissant le plateau mobile 30, afin de réduire la température du moule 1 et de contrôler la solidification du métal dans le moule (étape E6). [0038] The mold 1 is brought to temperature in the furnace 3, and liquid metal 40 is poured from a crucible 4 into the mold 1 (step E5), through the window 31 of the furnace. The housing 12 of the seeds 2 fill with metal, then the cavities 10 in which the parts are formed. The mold 1 is gradually withdrawn from the oven 3, for example by lowering the movable plate 30, in order to reduce the temperature of the mold 1 and to control the solidification of the metal in the mold (step E6).
[0039] Lors de la solidification dirigée, le grain métallique va croître par épitaxie à partir du germe, dont l’orientation cristallographique est bien connue et contrôlée. En respectant les dimensions particulières du moule selon l’invention, la croissance de grains parasites dont l’orientation n’est pas contrôlée est évitée, et l’on obtient, après décochage, des pièces présentant une structure [0039] During directed solidification, the metal grain will grow by epitaxy from the seed, whose crystallographic orientation is well known and controlled. By respecting the particular dimensions of the mold according to the invention, the growth of parasitic grains, the orientation of which is not controlled, is avoided, and parts having a structure are obtained after unhooking.
monocristalline contrôlée. monocrystalline controlled.
[0040] Après décochage (étape E7) du moule, on peut enfin procéder à des After unhooking (step E7) from the mold, we can finally proceed to
usinages classiques de finition (étape E8) pour obtenir les pièces conventional finishing machining (step E8) to obtain the parts
monocristallines finies. monocrystalline finite.
[0041 ] Au cours d’un essai, on a coulé dans un moule tel que le moule 1 représenté sur les figures 2 et 3, en céramique, des aubes de turbomachine en alliage métallique à base de nickel AM1. L’excentricité des ellipses définissant le germe 2 et le logement 12 est de l’ordre de 0,75, le rayon de l’ouverture est de l’ordre de 4,5 mm, le petit axe présente une longueur de 14,5 mm, et la distance séparant la surface supérieure du germe 2 et la surface supérieure du logement est de 6 mm. La température du four pour réaliser la coulée et la solidification dirigée est comprise, dans cet exemple, entre 1480°C et 1600°C. Le moule fabriqué est robuste, et les aubes obtenues comprennent moins de défauts liés notamment à la propagation de grains parasites que lorsqu’un germe cylindrique avec méplat est utilisé. During a test, was cast in a mold such as mold 1 shown in Figures 2 and 3, ceramic, turbomachine blades made of nickel-based metal alloy AM1. The eccentricity of the ellipses defining the seed 2 and the housing 12 is of the order of 0.75, the radius of the opening is of the order of 4.5 mm, the minor axis has a length of 14.5 mm, and the distance between the upper surface of the seed 2 and the upper surface of the housing is 6 mm. The temperature of the furnace for carrying out the pouring and the directed solidification is, in this example, between 1480 ° C and 1600 ° C. The mold produced is robust, and the blades obtained contain fewer defects linked in particular to the propagation of parasitic grains than when a cylindrical seed with a flat surface is used.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1 ] Moule (1 ) destiné à être utilisé pour fabriquer une pièce monocristalline par coulée de métal et croissance épitaxiale, le moule comprenant une cavité (10) dans laquelle est destinée à être formée la pièce et un logement (12) ayant une section elliptique dans lequel est disposé un germe monocristallin (2), le germe ayant une section elliptique définie par un petit axe (P1 ) et par un grand axe (P2), le logement étant en communication fluidique avec la cavité par le biais d’une ouverture (13) de section circulaire par laquelle est destiné à s’écouler du métal fondu, le germe monocristallin et l’ouverture étant centrés sur un même axe vertical (Z), [Claim 1] Mold (1) for use in making a single crystal part by metal casting and epitaxial growth, the mold comprising a cavity (10) in which the part is intended to be formed and a housing (12) having a elliptical section in which is disposed a monocrystalline seed (2), the seed having an elliptical section defined by a minor axis (P1) and by a major axis (P2), the housing being in fluid communication with the cavity by means of an opening (13) of circular section through which molten metal is intended to flow, the monocrystalline seed and the opening being centered on the same vertical axis (Z),
dans lequel le petit axe et le grand axe de la section du germe permettent de déterminer respectivement les orientations cristallographiques secondaires (X, Y) du monocristal formant le germe monocristallin. in which the minor axis and the major axis of the cross section of the seed make it possible to respectively determine the secondary crystallographic orientations (X, Y) of the single crystal forming the single crystal seed.
[Revendication 2] Moule selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la section elliptique du germe (2) présente une excentricité supérieure ou égale à 0,5 et inférieure à 1. [Claim 2] A mold according to claim 1, in which the elliptical section of the seed (2) has an eccentricity greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1.
[Revendication 3] Moule selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la section elliptique du germe (2) présente une excentricité comprise entre 0,55 et 0,82. [Claim 3] A mold according to claim 2, wherein the elliptical section of the seed (2) has an eccentricity of between 0.55 and 0.82.
[Revendication 4] Moule selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel une distance de blocage (Db) correspondant à la différence entre la demi-longueur du petit axe (P1/2) de la section du germe et un rayon (Rd) de l’ouverture (13) est supérieure ou égale à 2,4 mm. [Claim 4] A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a blocking distance (Db) corresponding to the difference between the half-length of the minor axis (P1 / 2) of the section of the seed and a radius (Rd) of the opening (13) is greater than or equal to 2.4 mm.
[Revendication 5] Moule selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le jeu (J) séparant le germe d’une surface latérale du logement est inférieur ou égal à 0,03 mm. [Claim 5] A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the clearance (J) separating the seed from a side surface of the housing is less than or equal to 0.03 mm.
[Revendication 6] Moule selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la distance (d) séparant une surface supérieure du germe et une surface supérieure du logement est comprise entre 5 mm et 10 mm. [Claim 6] A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the distance (d) between an upper surface of the seed and an upper surface of the housing is between 5mm and 10mm.
[Revendication 7] Moule selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le germe monocristallin (2) présente un chanfrein ou un arrondi (2b) sur le pourtour de son arête supérieure. [Claim 7] A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the monocrystalline seed (2) has a chamfer or a rounding (2b) around the periphery of its upper edge.
[Revendication 8] Moule selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, destiné à être utilisé pour fabriquer une aube de turbomachine. [Claim 8] A mold according to any one of claims 1 to 7, for use in making a turbine engine blade.
[Revendication 9] Moule selon la revendication 8, dans lequel la section elliptique du germe (2) présente une excentricité comprise entre 0,55 et 0,82, le petit axe (P1 ) présente une longueur comprise entre 13 mm et 16 mm, l’ouverture (13) présente un rayon (Rd) compris entre 4 mm et 5 mm, et la distance (d) séparant une surface supérieure du germe et une surface supérieure du logement est comprise entre 5 mm et 10 mm. [Claim 9] A mold according to claim 8, in which the elliptical section of the seed (2) has an eccentricity of between 0.55 and 0.82, the minor axis (P1) has a length of between 13 mm and 16 mm, the opening (13) has a radius (Rd) of between 4 mm and 5 mm, and the distance (d) separating an upper surface of the seed and an upper surface of the housing is between 5 mm and 10 mm.
[Revendication 10] Procédé de fabrication d’une pièce monocristalline par croissance épitaxiale, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : [Claim 10] A method of manufacturing a monocrystalline part by epitaxial growth, the method comprising the following steps:
- la fabrication (E2) d’un moule (1 ) comprenant une cavité (10) dans laquelle est destinée à être formée la pièce, et un logement (12) ayant une section elliptique dans lequel est disposé un germe monocristallin (2), le germe ayant une section elliptique définie par un petit axe (P1 ) et par un grand axe (P2), le petit axe et le grand axe de la section du germe étant orientés en fonction des orientations cristallographiques secondaires (X, Y) du monocristal formant le germe monocristallin, le logement étant en - the manufacture (E2) of a mold (1) comprising a cavity (10) in which the part is intended to be formed, and a housing (12) having an elliptical section in which is disposed a monocrystalline seed (2), the seed having an elliptical section defined by a minor axis (P1) and by a major axis (P2), the minor axis and the major axis of the section of the seed being oriented according to the secondary crystallographic orientations (X, Y) of the single crystal forming the monocrystalline seed, the housing being in
communication fluidique avec la cavité par le biais d’une ouverture (13) de section circulaire par laquelle est destiné à s’écouler du métal fondu, le germe monocristallin et l’ouverture étant centrés sur un même axe vertical (Z), fluid communication with the cavity through an opening (13) of circular section through which the molten metal is intended to flow, the monocrystalline seed and the opening being centered on the same vertical axis (Z),
- la coulée (E5) d’un métal fondu dans le moule, et - casting (E5) of molten metal in the mold, and
- la solidification dirigée (E6) du métal coulé de façon à obtenir la pièce. - the directed solidification (E6) of the cast metal so as to obtain the part.
EP20715095.4A 2019-05-13 2020-04-03 Mould for manufacturing a component by pouring metal and epitaxial growth, and associated manufacturing method Pending EP3969202A1 (en)

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FR3095972B1 (en) 2023-07-07
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FR3095972A1 (en) 2020-11-20
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US11878338B2 (en) 2024-01-23
CA3137702A1 (en) 2020-11-19
US20220250137A1 (en) 2022-08-11
JP2022533097A (en) 2022-07-21

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