EP3967812A1 - Method and device for propping - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for supporting a vertically anchored mast (1) and/or a mast foundation (2) is characterized in that a support body (3) is introduced wholly or in sections into the ground (4) and is force-fitted to the foundation (2) and/or is applied to the mast (1) in order to support the foundation (2) and/or the mast (1) on at least one side.

Description

The invention relates to a method for supporting a standing anchored mast and/or a mast foundation and a device for supporting such a mast and/or mast foundation.

The stability test of masts is now standard. The subject of the test is the stability of the mast itself, but also its anchoring, i.e. the mast foundation. The test is non-destructive using the principles of strength theory. Such procedures are over EP 0 638 794 A1 , EP 0 894 250 A1 , EP 0 943 079 A1 , EP 0 953 147 A1 , EP 1 049 918 A1 as EP 1 174 699 A1 known, to which reference is made in this respect. The test methods have been constantly improved over time and represent the current state of the art EP 3 252 451 A1 , in whose 1 the test procedure is clearly presented. By means of a caterpillar vehicle with a boom on which a linear drive is arranged in the front part, first a compressive force and then a tensile force is applied via a clamp, which is applied to the mast to be tested at a predetermined distance above the ground, with a Force sensor, the force applied is determined as a function of time. Such a test process is based on the Figures 1a to 1d recorded as an example. The Fig. 1a the time course of force when applying a compressive force and subsequent relief on the mast, the Fig. 1b with the same arrangement of the test device, the application of a tensile force with subsequent relief. For a complete test, the same test procedures are again rotated 90 degrees to the Offset mast axis, with in 1c the application of a compressive force with subsequent relief and in Fig. 1d the application of a tensile force is shown below with relief. Ideally, the force curve over time should be as it is based on the Figures 1c and 1d is shown. At the in the Figures 1a and 1b as the force increases, the non-linearities of the curve that become visible, the foundation of the mast is attacked and stability is no longer guaranteed.

For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that distance/time diagrams are typically also created in order to check other aspects of the mast.

If, when checking the mast or its anchoring in the ground, a defect in the foundation is found, as described above, then this is often only the case in isolated cases, and the mast itself can also be completely in order in terms of its function.

Against this background, the invention is based on the object of creating a method for supporting a standing anchored mast and/or a mast foundation, with which such a defect can be remedied with simple technical means. In addition, a device for supporting such a vertically anchored mast and/or a mast foundation is to be provided, with which the method according to the invention can be carried out in particular.

The procedural part of this task is solved by a method with the features specified in claim 1 . A device for supporting a standing anchored mast and/or a mast foundation is defined by the features specified in claim 5. Advantageous configurations of the invention Method and the device according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings.

The method according to the invention for supporting a vertically anchored mast and/or a mast foundation is characterized in that a support body is introduced wholly or in sections into the ground and is applied to the foundation and/or the mast in a non-positive manner, around the foundation and/or the mast supported on at least one side.

The basic idea of the method according to the invention is, since errors often only occur on one side in the foundation, to rectify them by taking suitable measures on site and thus to restore the stability of the mast in the long term. Depending on the type of damage, a supporting body is driven into the ground either completely or in sections, in such a way that it rests against the foundation with a non-positive fit and supports it on at least one side, typically the side previously assessed as defective. To support the foundation, the support body can also be driven completely into the ground when the foundation is completely embedded in the ground, by selecting an appropriate angle of attack when driving in such that the support body rests against the foundation with a force fit and the foundation is thus on this side, on which the supporting body rests, is additionally supported.

A non-positive connection between the foundation and the supporting body can advantageously be supported by a circumferential tension band. The latter measure is particularly useful when the foundation is not completely embedded in the ground but, as is often the case, extends above the ground. Such a tie can then be wrapped around the foundation and the supporting body just above the ground tightened in order to create a secure frictional connection. Such a traction device can also advantageously be attached directly between the mast and the support body in order to achieve a non-positive connection between these components.

If the mast is anchored directly in the ground, the support body can also be driven into the ground for direct contact with the mast, and in this configuration a tie can also be provided which spans the support body and the mast. The frictional connection between foundation and support body or mast and support body ensures that the support body becomes part of the foundation in terms of force and thus the forces introduced into the foundation by the load on the mast are safe on this side where the support body is arranged and the foundation is damaged picks up.

Finally, the non-positive connection can also be produced by arranging one or more transverse supports between the support body and the mast above the foundation, which brace these components against one another. The latter can be used particularly advantageously when the anchoring between the foundation and the ground is not disturbed, but the foundation is defective on one side, for example when connections in the foundation are loosened by external influences or are not even present in the first place. Typically, a non-positive fit of the supporting body to the foundation is then not possible in this area, since the foundation is locally dissolving. Due to the non-positive connection with the mast itself, however, the necessary introduction of force in this damaged area can take place directly from the mast into the support body and thus into the ground.

As a circulating traction a band of steel, plastic or the like is advantageously used, which the foundation and spans the supporting body or is fastened to the supporting body in a suitable manner. It is also conceivable to attach two supporting bodies diametrically opposite one another on the foundation and to provide the traction means spanning these components. A traction means should preferably be attached if a non-positive fit of the support body on the mast foundation is not possible or only possible with obstacles.

According to the invention, the non-positive connection can be provided not only between the supporting body and the foundation, but also between the supporting body and the mast. For this purpose, pressure means can be provided on the supporting body side, which are effective between the supporting body and the mast and which are preferably arranged above the foundation. Such pressure means can be formed, for example, by wedges or pressure-acting bodies, which are pressed between the mast and the support body. A very sensitive and at the same time effective arrangement can be achieved in that transverse supports are attached between the support body and the mast, for example in the form of threaded rods, which can be adjusted on site as required with regard to their effective length. Advantageously, a transverse support can also be used to attach a traction means, for example a circumferential band, to the support body, with which the mast is looped and is connected to the support body in a non-positive manner.

The method according to the invention is advantageously carried out after the stability test. The support body can be pressed into the ground with the aid of suitable impact tools or with the aid of the caterpillar vehicle used for the test purposes. In order to check the effectiveness of the support body, a renewed stability test of the mast is expediently carried out after it has been introduced.

A device according to the invention for supporting a vertically anchored mast and/or a mast foundation is characterized by a flat and at least uniaxially curved or angled body, which has a longitudinal extension in the direction of the at least one axis of curvature or angling or parallel to it, which is several times greater than the transverse extent is in the direction of curvature or in the direction of the bend and which is designed to taper at an end of its longitudinal extent intended for insertion into the ground.

The flat design is essential in order to generate a high section modulus within the floor. The flat design is also important in order to be able to drive the support body into the ground with comparatively little effort. In order to ensure that the support body, which is intended to be in frictional contact with the foundation, also does so on the intended side and does not slip off laterally when force is applied, this flat body is curved at least uniaxially or angled once or, if necessary, multiple times. The axis about which the curvature takes place or about which the angling of the flat body takes place is parallel to the longitudinal extent, resulting in a slim, elongated supporting body which has a stabilizing profile. The longitudinal extension of the supporting body is several times greater than the transverse extension, which runs in the direction of the curvature or in the direction of the bend or bends.

The longitudinal direction is also the direction in which the supporting body is driven into the ground. In order to keep the resistance as low as possible when being driven into the ground and to prevent possible deformation of the support body, it is designed to taper at the end of its longitudinal extension intended for insertion into the ground. The rejuvenation according to Art of a blade, tapering to an almost linear end or, which is preferred, formed in the plane of the body. A combination is also possible, similar to the point of a sword.

In order to increase the rigidity of the support body in the transverse direction, at least one stiffening rib running in the longitudinal direction of the support body is preferably provided on the outside of its curvature or bend, according to an advantageous development of the invention. Such a stiffening rib forms a rail-like guide when it is driven into the ground and also increases the rigidity of the support body against buckling. Depending on the width of the supporting body, one or more stiffening ribs can be provided, which advantageously extend over a large part of the length of the supporting body, e.g. over at least 2/3 of its length. If the support body has a bend, it is advantageous if such a support rib is arranged on each side of the bend, preferably on the outside.

If the surface of the support body tapers towards the end, then it is expedient to provide such a stiffening rib, also arranged in the longitudinal direction, at least in the area of the tip. This may be continuous to near the other end or may terminate just above the tip to be continued there by longitudinally spaced ribs.

It is particularly advantageous if the curvature or angle of the supporting body is adapted to the shape and size of the foundation or to the mast extending upwards from it. The adaptation with regard to the foundation is immediate, i.e. for direct attachment, whereas with the mast the distance that typically occurs must be taken into account. For example, if a pole of 20 cm in diameter with a unilateral spacing is to be supported by the supporting body, then the supporting body should have a curvature which corresponds to a mast with a diameter of 40 cm, in order to then be arranged at a distance of 10 cm from the mast and be connected to it in a non-positive manner by means of appropriate transverse supports. For this purpose, the support body advantageously has at least one receptacle for the cross support near its other end, i.e. the end protruding from the ground in the installed position, which can preferably be adjusted axially, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the cross support, i.e. transversely to the mast and to the support body, and can be fixed in the support body is arranged. Depending on the thickness of the material, such a receptacle can be formed by a threaded hole in the support body or by a threaded nut arranged in alignment with a hole in the support body. A threaded rod or a screw can then be used as a transverse support, with the fixation being able to take place in a simple manner by means of a lock nut, preferably from the outside.

In order to ensure on the one hand that the support body meets the strength requirements that are usual in practice, but on the other hand that it is easy to handle and can be produced inexpensively, especially for partially manual operation, it has proven to be advantageous to make the support body from sheet steel, typically from structural steel, for example S235 a thickness of between 3 mm and 7 mm, preferably 5 mm. The support body should have a length of between 1 m and 2 m, preferably between 1.20 m and 1.80 m. A number of support bodies are expediently kept available for the daily work to insert such support bodies after the stability test, which differ in particular in their size, so that a support body that is as suitable as possible for the respective application can be found. Then the supporting bodies can be manufactured inexpensively and protected against corrosion, for example by galvanizing, in order to fulfill their purpose with long-term stability inside and outside the ground. Such a support body is advantageous from a formed bent sheet metal, whose bottom end is formed into a preferably tapering point in the surface and which has at least one stiffening rib on the outside of its curvature, which extends at least over the lower half of the support body.

Alternatively, the supporting body can be formed from an angled metal sheet so that it has a V, L, U or W-shaped cross section, with the legs terminating at their bottom end in a point formed in the surface. Thus, a supporting body with an L-shaped cross section can have two points, namely on both leg ends, and a supporting body with a W-shaped cross section can have up to four points. This arrangement is to be preferred in particular when the sheet metal used for this purpose is contoured before shaping. If, on the other hand, an already profiled metal sheet is used as the supporting body, then it is usually more favorable in terms of production technology to form a point in the area in which the edge formed by the bend is arranged. The end of the edge then forms the bottom end of the tip, which runs obliquely to the lateral ends of the legs. Since the tip is subjected to a high load when the support body is driven into the ground, it is advantageous, particularly when the tip is formed by shaping the surface, to provide it with a stiffening rib in the longitudinal direction, which advantageously protrudes into the area in which the supporting body has the full profile. This effectively prevents the tip from buckling when it is being driven into the ground.

Fig. 1a bis 1d

vier Kraft-/Zeitdiagramme bei der Standsicherheitsprüfung eines Mastes,

Fig. 2a bis 2c

in schematisierter, vereinfachter Darstellung drei Möglichkeiten der Anordnung eines Stützkörpers am Fundament eines Mastes bzw. am Mast,

Fig. 3

in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Draufsicht schräg von oben einer erste Ausführungsform eines Stützkörpers gemäß der Erfindung,

Fig. 4

in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Draufsicht schräg von unten einer weiteren Ausführung eines Stützkörpers,

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Draufsicht schräg von unten auf einen aus einem abgewinkelten Blech gebildeten Stützkörper und

Fig. 6

eine alternative Ausgestaltung des bodenseitigen Endes des Stützkörpers in Darstellung gemäß Fig. 5

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it

Figures 1a to 1d

four force/time diagrams during the stability test of a mast,

Figures 2a to 2c

in a schematic, simplified representation, three options for arranging a support body on the foundation of a mast or on the mast,

3

in a perspective representation a plan view obliquely from above of a first embodiment of a support body according to the invention,

4

a perspective view of a top view obliquely from below of a further embodiment of a support body,

figure 5

a perspective plan view obliquely from below of a support body formed from an angled sheet metal and

6

an alternative embodiment of the bottom end of the support body in representation according to FIG figure 5

In the Figures 2a to 2c 1 is a mast, 2 is a foundation with 3 is a supporting body and 4 marks the ground. The floor surface is marked with 5. The usual anchoring of a mast 1 in the ground 4 takes place by means of a foundation 2 surrounding the bottom end of the mast, which, as in Figure 2a shown, is arranged completely within the soil 4 or, as based on the Figures 2b and 2c is shown, is only partially located within the ground and partially above the ground surface 5.

In the event of damage to the foundation 2, the supporting body 3, which is described in detail further below, is attached to the side on which the damage occurs. In the case of the Figures 2a and 2b shown Arrangements, the foundation 2 is functional as such, but the connection to the surrounding soil 4 is on one side according to the evaluation of the diagrams discussed in the introduction Figures 1a to 1d disturbed. On this side, on which the ground support is disturbed, a supporting body 3, as in Figure 2a shown, driven so far in the ground 4 in a force-locking manner on the foundation until the support body 3 is flush with the ground surface 5 or is arranged below it. The support body 5 is aligned in such a way that it exerts a lateral compressive force on the foundation 2, that is to say rests against it in a non-positive manner. With a corresponding compressive load on the foundation in the direction of the support body 3 , the force is transferred to the support body 3 and is reliably absorbed by the anchoring of the support body 3 in the ground 4 that extends downward.

When using the Figure 2b The embodiment variant illustrated is the foundation 2 intact, but here too the connection to the surrounding soil 4 is disrupted, namely on the side on which the support body 3 has been introduced into the soil. In this embodiment, too, the supporting body 4 bears against the foundation 2 , protrudes downwards into the ground 4 and closes at the top with the foundation 2 above the ground surface 5 . In order to increase the frictional connection between the foundation 2 and the supporting body 3 , a tensioning strap 6 is provided, which is stretched above the ground surface 5 surrounding the foundation 2 and the supporting body 3 and thus exerts a tensile force between the foundation 2 and the supporting body 3 .

In the case of Figure 2c The embodiment shown is the foundation arrangement according to the in Figure 2b illustrated, namely in such a way that a part of the foundation is arranged in the ground 4 below the ground surface 5 and another part above. In the illustrated embodiment, the foundation 2 is defective on one side, as indicated by the fracture lines in the foundation illustration on the right Page indicated, the foundation does not have the required strength here, has signs of dissolution in sections, which is why a non-positive system, as shown by Figures 2a and 2b shown, is not possible there. In this embodiment, too, the supporting body 3 is driven into the ground 4 in contact with the foundation 2, so that it clearly projects beyond the mast 1 and foundation 2 at the bottom and also projects beyond the foundation 2 at the top. In the protruding area, a transverse support 7 is provided to generate a frictional connection between the mast 1 and the support body 3 , which forms a pressure medium between the support body 3 and the mast 1 . The cross support 7 is braced between the support body 3 and the mast 1 in order to ensure the required adhesion between the mast 1 and the support body 3 . Typically, two or more cross supports 7 are distributed on one side around a partial circumference of the mast 1 in order to ensure that the components are in stable contact with one another.

Based on Figures 3 to 6 Variants of support bodies are shown, which are intended for the purposes described above and which are structured as follows:

The based on 3 Support body 3a shown is formed from a sheet steel section 8, which here has an extension in the longitudinal direction 9 of 1.60 m and which is curved in the transverse direction 10 thereto. The axis of curvature is marked 11 and runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the sheet steel section 8. This curved sheet steel section 8 has a width of 25 cm and a sheet thickness of 5 mm.

The steel sheet section 8 is provided with two stiffening ribs 12 which are welded to the outside of the curved sheet 8 and which extend over about three quarters of the length of the supporting body 3a and terminate at a distance in front of the upper end 13 and the lower end 14, respectively.

The lower end 14 of the support body 3 is formed into a point 15 in that the sheet steel section 8 is tapered to a point 15 in this flat area, as is shown in FIG 3 is visible. In the area of the tip, the support body 3a has a further stiffening rib 16, which extends beyond the tip 15 to between the stiffening ribs 12 and ends there.

Near the upper end 13, the sheet steel section 8 has three through holes, to which hexagonal nuts 17 are welded in alignment, which each form a receptacle for a cross support 7, which is formed by a threaded rod 18. On the outside of the threaded rod 18 sits a lock nut 19, with which the threaded rod 18, which is seated axially adjustable due to the thread within the receptacle formed by the hexagonal nut 17, can be fixed. The support body 3a has a total of three receptacles formed by hexagonal nuts 17 with aligned bores in the sheet steel section 8 and thus also three cross supports 7 formed by the threaded rods 8 .

This cross supports 7 are used to apply a compressive force between the support body 3a and the mast 1 according to the basis of Figure 2c arrangement shown. They also set the mast 1 to the support body 3a.

The support body 3b according to 4 is structured in a similar way to that shown in 3 Above, however, differs in size and has only one receptacle in the form of a hexagon nut 17. In addition, only one stiffening rib 20 is provided there, which, however, extends from the tip 21 over two thirds of the longitudinal extension of the support body 3b to the upper end.

The based on Figures 5 and 6 Support bodies 3c and 3d shown are also formed from a sheet steel section, but this is not curved but angled. The bending axis 22 lies within the steel sheet and runs in the longitudinal direction 9. In the transverse direction 10 thereto, two legs are formed, which are at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to one another in the illustrated exemplary embodiments. When executing according to figure 5 a tip 21 is formed at the lower end of each leg. Stiffening ribs 20 are also provided there, which extend to the tip and end in the upper third of the supporting body 3c or 3d.

According to the supporting body 3d 6 forms the lower end of the angled edge 23 a tip 24, the flat legs are also provided with stiffening ribs 20, which, however, end at a distance from the tip 24 here.

Reference List

1

mast

2

foundation

3

supporting body

4

soil

5

floor surface

6

strap

7

cross braces

8th

sheet steel section

9

longitudinal direction

10

transverse direction

11

axis of curvature

12

stiffening ribs

13

upper end of the support body

14

lower end of the support body

15

Tip of the supporting body 3a

16

stiffening rib of the tip

17

hex nuts

18

threaded rods

19

lock nuts

20

stiffening ribs

21

top

22

angulation axis

23

angling edge

24

lace in 6

Claims (16)

A method for supporting a vertically anchored mast (1) and/or a mast foundation (2), in which a support body (3) is introduced wholly or in sections into the ground (4) and is force-fitted to the foundation (2) and/or to the mast (1) is created to support the foundation (2) and/or the mast (1) on at least one side. Method according to Claim 1, in which a preferably circumferential traction means (6) is attached, which non-positively connects the foundation (2) and/or the mast (1) to the support body (3) and which is preferably arranged above the ground (5). . Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which at least one pressure medium (7), preferably arranged on the supporting body side, is attached between the supporting body (3) and mast (1), which is preferably arranged above the foundation (2). Method according to Claim 3, in which two or more transverse supports (7) are fitted between the supporting body (3) and the mast (1) as the pressure medium. Device for supporting a standing anchored mast (1) and/or a mast foundation (2), with a flat and at least uniaxially curved or angled body (3) which extends in the direction of the at least one curvature or angling axis (11; 22) or parallel to this end has a longitudinal extent which is several times greater than the transverse extent in the direction of curvature (10) or in the direction (10) of the angling and which is designed to taper at an end (14) of its longitudinal extension intended for introduction into the ground (4). Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one taper is formed at least in the surface of the body (3). Device according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the supporting body (3a) is preferably provided on the outside of its curvature or bend with at least one stiffening rib (12) running in the longitudinal direction (9) of the supporting body (3). Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the at least one stiffening rib (16; 20) extends into the tapering area or areas of the support body (3a; 3b; 3c). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the curvature or angle of the supporting body (3) is adapted to the shape and size of the foundation (2)/mast (1). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support body (3a; 3b) near its other end (13) has at least one receptacle (17) for a transverse support (7; 18) which is preferably axially adjustable and lockable in the support body ( 3a; 3b) is arranged. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that a receptacle (17) has a threaded bore, and a cross support (7; 18) has an external thread engaging in the threaded bore. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting body (3) is formed from sheet steel with a thickness of between 3 and 7 mm, preferably 5 mm and a length of between 1 and 2 m, preferably between 1.20 and 1.80 m having. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support body (3a) is formed from a bent metal sheet (8), the bottom end (14) of which tapers to a point (15), and that on the outside at least one stiffening rib (12 ) is attached, which extends over at least the lower half of the supporting body (3a). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting body (3c) is formed from an angled metal sheet, the limbs of which each terminate in a point (21) at their bottom ends. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting body (3d) is formed from an angled metal sheet whose edge (23) formed by the angling runs out to a point (24) at its bottom end. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support body (3a; 3b; 3c) at its is provided with a stiffening rib (16; 20) on the outside in the area of the at least one tip (15; 21).

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