EP3964349B1 - Dispositif et procédé de chauffage de préformes en matière plastique à détection de température à résolution espace - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de chauffage de préformes en matière plastique à détection de température à résolution espace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3964349B1
EP3964349B1 EP21192920.3A EP21192920A EP3964349B1 EP 3964349 B1 EP3964349 B1 EP 3964349B1 EP 21192920 A EP21192920 A EP 21192920A EP 3964349 B1 EP3964349 B1 EP 3964349B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
plastic
plastic preforms
forming
control
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EP21192920.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3964349C0 (fr
EP3964349A1 (fr
Inventor
Jochen Forsthoevel
Philipp Olenberg
Ulrich Lappe
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Krones AG
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Krones AG
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Priority to EP23159609.9A priority Critical patent/EP4209327B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B29C49/68—Ovens specially adapted for heating preforms or parisons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C49/786—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B29C49/68—Ovens specially adapted for heating preforms or parisons
    • B29C49/685—Rotating the preform in relation to heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7158—Bottles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for heating plastic preforms.
  • Such devices and methods have long been known from the prior art.
  • plastic preforms are usually first heated and these are then subsequently formed into plastic containers using a forming device, such as a stretch blow molding machine.
  • a forming device such as a stretch blow molding machine.
  • recycled material for the plastic preforms.
  • the material PET is used.
  • this material leads to problems which are described below.
  • contamination in the material and in individual plastic preforms can occur more frequently and thus also in higher reject rates, since these contaminations represent a local disturbance in the material structure and, above a certain size, ultimately also lead to damage such as bottle bursting in the blow molding process and thus to disturbances and also an increased scrap rate.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the reject rate, which can arise in particular from recycled material. According to the invention, this is achieved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments and developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • a device according to the invention for heating plastic preforms has a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predetermined transport path.
  • the device has at least one heating device, which is arranged along the transport path of the plastic preforms in order to heat the plastic preforms during their transport.
  • the device has a temperature detection device which is suitable and intended for detecting a temperature of the plastic preforms in a spatially resolved manner.
  • the heating device is particularly preferably an infrared oven, ie the plastic preforms are heated with infrared radiation.
  • the transport device has a circulating transport means.
  • a large number of holding devices are advantageously arranged on this circulating transport means, which can be, for example, a transport wheel, but also a transport chain or a conveyor belt, which are used for (in particular individually) holding the plastic preforms.
  • the transport device preferably transports the plastic preforms along a transport path which has both straight sections and curved sections.
  • the temperature detection device is arranged in a section at which the plastic preforms are transported along a curved transport path section.
  • the transport device can thus convey the plastic preforms along two straight sections which are connected to one another by a curved segment or a curved section.
  • the plastic preforms are observed in the heating device or the oven, in particular in order to obtain information about them that can lead to the measures described in more detail below, such as ejecting the plastic preform in question (also called preform) or an intervention in the downstream blow molding machine in order to avoid containers bursting during the blow molding process.
  • the invention therefore proposes that the plastic preforms be inspected in a locally resolved manner, This means that not only is the temperature of the entire plastic preform recorded, but this is inspected in a spatially resolved manner, so that the temperature can be assigned to specific surface areas of the plastic preform.
  • the temperature detection device has at least one infrared image recording device, which records a spatially resolved image of the plastic preforms. It is therefore proposed to film the plastic preforms at a specific position, in particular, as described in more detail below, in the deflection of the infrared oven, that is to say halfway with an infrared image recording device or an infrared camera. This has the advantage that at least one complete development of the surface of each passing plastic preform can be recorded and then analyzed.
  • the temperature detection device is arranged in a stationary manner. This means that the plastic preforms are preferred be transported past the temperature detection device. Locally resolved images of the plastic preforms can preferably be recorded during this transport past.
  • the temperature detection device is arranged along a transport path of the plastic preforms after a first group of heating devices and before a second group of heating devices.
  • the heating devices are preferably arranged in a stationary manner and the plastic preforms are transported past them by the transport device.
  • the heating devices are preferably arranged along a straight transport section of the plastic preforms and between these straight transport sections there is a curved transport section and in particular a section in which the transport direction of the plastic preforms is deflected or reversed.
  • the temperature detection device is particularly preferably located in this deflection area.
  • the transport device thus preferably forms a deflection area in which the transport direction of the plastic preforms is reversed.
  • the temperature detection device is preferably arranged in this deflection area. In this embodiment, as mentioned above, the inspection of the plastic preforms is carried out halfway, so to speak.
  • the image recording device or the temperature detection device at the end of the heating device, ie after the second heating devices.
  • the arrangement in the deflection area offers the advantage of retrofitting.
  • This arrangement around the deflection area also offers the advantage that no further aggregates or units, such as the temperature detection devices, have to be installed after the oven, so that the transport route of the plastic preforms to a forming device can also be kept short.
  • the temperature detection device is suitable and intended for detecting the temperature of the plastic preforms along their essentially complete circumferential surface and/or length.
  • the temperature detection device it would thus be possible for the temperature detection device to have two image recording devices which are arranged at the two opposite times of the transport path of the plastic preforms and observe the plastic preforms from both sides. Furthermore, it would be possible for an image recording device to be provided which records a number of images of the plastic preforms transported past.
  • the device has a rotating device which transports the plastic preforms at least in sections along the transport path around their own longitudinal direction. This rotating device can bring about uniform heating in the plastic preforms during heating.
  • the device is suitable and intended for also detecting an overall temperature and/or overall heat of the plastic preforms.
  • the device is suitable for identifying and/or marking specific plastic preforms in response to a detected temperature (a spatially resolved temperature or also an overall temperature).
  • Identification and/or labeling is understood to mean in particular identification for later processing, such as a subsequent reshaping process; i.e. the machine assigns a future treatment unit, such as a forming station, to this specific plastic preform in particular.
  • the total heat of certain plastic preforms deviates from a setpoint temperature.
  • This deviation can be stored, for example in a shift register. Additional information can also be saved, such as the extent of the deviation compared to a reference, such as the recipe that is currently being run.
  • This information can be passed on to a control or regulation device so that it can change specific parameters, for example, such as a stretching speed, a pre-blow duration or a pre-blow time for specific plastic preforms. In particular, this can be done in a station-specific manner for specific reshaping stations.
  • a control and/or regulation device can preferably adapt a forming process for these plastic preforms.
  • a rotating device is preferably also provided, which also rotates the plastic preforms during transport in that area in which the image recording device or the temperature detection device is arranged. In this way, multiple images can be taken of the same plastic preform.
  • an illumination device is particularly preferably provided, which illuminates the plastic preforms at least during the recording of images.
  • This lighting device is therefore preferably arranged in a region of the inspection device or forms part of the inspection device.
  • This lighting device can be designed as a flash lamp or have one.
  • the device or the temperature detection device has an evaluation device which evaluates the images recorded by an image recording device and determines local temperature fluctuations of the plastic preforms.
  • the temperature detection device is suitable and intended for detecting local heating deviations of a plastic preform, and this plastic preform can preferably be marked as faulty or contaminated.
  • the evaluation device detects such heating deviations and, in response to such a deviation, the corresponding plastic preform is correspondingly marked (for example in a shift register).
  • this plastic preform can be ejected, for example at the inlet of a blow molding wheel. This discharge can take place in particular before the start of the blow molding process.
  • this evaluation device prefferably to first put together a number of images in order to obtain a complete development of the recordings of the respective plastic preforms.
  • images for example, local temperature fluctuations such as areas that have been heated to a greater or lesser extent can be searched for.
  • the image is evaluated in the area of pixels or in the area of groups of pixels in order in this way to obtain a spatially resolved temperature profile of the plastic preforms.
  • the evaluation device preferably uses artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate the images recorded of the plastic preforms.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • a plastic preform detected in this way can then be marked as defective and, for example, marked as contaminated in a storage device such as a shift register. It is therefore possible for a plastic preform marked in this way to be ejected at a further position, for example at an inlet to a forming device, before it is introduced into the blow molding process. Alternatively, it could also be prevented in another way that such a plastic preform is blown into a container, for example by shutting down the relevant blow molding station for the blow molding process.
  • the plastic preform is also marked, for example with a shift register, but together with information about the extent of the deviations compared to a reference or an (ideal) plastic preform.
  • this reference could also be the recipe that is currently being run or that is to be blown later. In this way, as described in more detail below, the temperature profile of the plastic preforms can be used to make a prediction about the container to be manufactured in the future.
  • the plastic preforms used are preferably made of PET.
  • this information is transferred to the control device or regulating device or a blow-moulding controller so that the stretch blow-moulding parameters can be intervened in a station-specific manner, in particular a stretching speed at which the stretch rod stretches plastic preforms, a pre-blowing duration or a pre-blowing time.
  • the information from the temperature detection devices can be used to continue to blow a bottle (for example by means of an algorithm) that corresponds at least somewhat to the material distribution of a reference process.
  • the parameters of this algorithm are permanently stored in the controller in a basic version, and this can be dependent on the recipe or independent of the recipe.
  • the influencing parameters for this software or this algorithm are selected from a group of parameters which include the geometry of the plastic preform, the geometry of the manufactured container, the infrared absorption of the plastic preform, one or more parameters for the stretch blow molding process (this also includes a throttle -Information about the blow molding process) for which the basic recipe was created.
  • the device has a further inspection device, which is arranged in particular downstream of a shaping device for shaping plastic preforms into plastic containers. This further inspection device can check the result of the forming.
  • the result of a forming process can be checked by suitable inspection technology downstream of the blow molding process and in particular in-line inspection technology (e.g. wall thickness measurement, base inspection).
  • suitable inspection technology downstream of the blow molding process and in particular in-line inspection technology (e.g. wall thickness measurement, base inspection).
  • in-line inspection technology e.g. wall thickness measurement, base inspection.
  • additional measurement techniques could be replayed and used in a further embodiment of the idea for parameter optimization of the algorithm. In this way, a self-learning parameter optimization can be carried out.
  • the present invention is also directed to an arrangement for producing plastic containers with a device of the type described above and a shaping device downstream of this device in the transport direction of the plastic preforms for shaping plastic preforms into plastic containers, this shaping device having a large number of shaping stations for shaping the plastic preforms Has plastic containers and the arrangement has an assignment device which assigns each plastic preform inspected by the temperature detection device to a specific forming station, in which this plastic preform is formed.
  • an individual adaptation of a forming process can be individually adapted for each plastic preform and in particular can be adapted to the result of an inspection of this plastic preform.
  • the arrangement has a control device and/or regulation device, which controls and in particular regulates the forming process in response to a result of the temperature detection and/or one of the temperature detection devices.
  • a control device and/or regulation device which controls and in particular regulates the forming process in response to a result of the temperature detection and/or one of the temperature detection devices.
  • parameters of the blowing process such as blowing pressures or blowing durations, can be adjusted and/or changed.
  • the arrangement preferably has an ejection device which is suitable and intended for ejecting plastic preforms from the transport path.
  • this discharge device is arranged after the heating device.
  • the discharge device is arranged in front of the shaping device
  • the present invention is also directed to a method for heating plastic preforms, wherein the plastic preforms are transported with a transport device along a predetermined transport path and are heated with at least one heating device, which is arranged along the transport path of the plastic preforms, during their transport.
  • a temperature detection device detects a temperature of the plastic preforms in a spatially resolved manner.
  • the temperature of the plastic preforms during their transport i. H. recorded during their transport movement.
  • At least one value is advantageously output which is used to control or regulate the heating device and/or a shaping device downstream of it.
  • the present invention is also directed to a device for producing plastic containers, which has a heating device which heats plastic preforms, this heating device having a transport device which transports the plastic preforms individually along a predetermined transport path while they are being heated, and at least one heating device which Plastic preforms are heated while they are being transported along the transport path, with the heating device preferably also having a first control device and in particular a first regulating device for controlling and/or regulating the heating process.
  • the device has a shaping device which transforms the heated plastic preforms into plastic containers, with this shaping device having a large number of shaping stations for shaping the plastic preforms plastic containers, this shaping device being arranged downstream of the heating device in the transport direction of the plastic preforms, and the heating device and/or the shaping device having at least one control device which enables the heating process and/or the shaping process to be regulated as a function of at least one property of the plastic preforms .
  • the shaping device can have a second control device and in particular a second regulating device, which regulates the shaping process as a function of at least one property of the plastic preforms.
  • the device preferably has at least one temperature detection device, which is arranged in a region of the heating device or between the heating device and the shaping device, and which is suitable and intended for detecting a temperature of the plastic preforms.
  • At least one of the control devices and/or regulating devices takes into account in advance at least one variable variable that influences the heating process and/or the forming process.
  • the property of the plastic preform is advantageously selected from a group of properties which contains a water content, IR characteristic and temperature of the plastic preform.
  • This property can also be a characteristic property that characterizes this plastic, which is predetermined by its material, for example.
  • the control of the forming device in particular is a relatively uncomplicated procedure.
  • the temperature of the plastic preforms is measured at the outlet of the heating device and the heating device itself is (re)regulated with it.
  • the user manually intervenes in the heating device or in the blow molding machine in order to change the respective forming process.
  • systems are also known which regulate the process, for example by measuring the wall thicknesses of the containers that have already been blown. For example, a changing input temperature of the plastic preforms is only used to control the machine when this has already resulted in a change in the output temperature and thus also in the container properties.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, as above, of enabling regulation at an earlier point in time.
  • the regulation already takes the variable variable into account in advance, that is to say "in advance” is understood to mean that this variable is taken into account before it has a measurable effect, for example as a result of temperature heating of the plastic preform.
  • the machine can in particular predict how specific variable variables or changes thereto will affect the manufacturing process and in particular the heating process and/or the forming process or also the finished container.
  • variable variables are preferably selected from a group of variables which includes humidity, ambient pressure, ambient temperature, properties of the plastic preforms and the like.
  • a changing property of the plastic preform such as a different material
  • Both control devices ie the control device of the heating device and also the control device of the blow molding device, preferably take into account the variable variable mentioned—in particular in advance. It is possible that these control devices are assigned separately to the heating device and the shaping device. However, it would also be conceivable for an entire or common control device to be provided, which effects both the control of the heating device and the shaping device.
  • the heating device has a multiplicity of heating devices. These heating devices are preferably arranged in a stationary manner opposite the transport path of the plastic preforms. Preferably, these several heating devices can also be controlled and/or regulated independently of one another.
  • a specific variable such as an environmental parameter, such as an ambient temperature or also a property of the plastic preform, in particular on the basis of empirical values, is taken into account in advance and, for example, before or while the plastic preform enters the heating device or heating device, a corresponding modification is made in order to achieve an ideal result in the subsequent forming process.
  • this variable variable is preferably an input variable for a process and/or a procedure, which then regulates the heating device and/or the shaping device.
  • These forecasts are preferably made in order to compensate for a change in the input variable without causing a major change in the container properties.
  • An example of such an input variable is also the above-described spatially resolved detection of the temperature of the plastic preforms.
  • the control device for the heating device and/or the control device for the shaping device can be readjusted on the basis of this spatially resolved temperature in order to achieve a satisfactory quality of the plastic containers produced again as a result.
  • the control device preferably also takes into account values that are output by the temperature detection device. In this way, the heating device and/or the shaping device can also be readjusted on the basis of these values.
  • the shaping device has a movable and, in particular, rotatable carrier. Reshaping stations are preferably arranged on this carrier, these reshaping stations preferably each having blow molds within which the plastic preforms can be reshaped to form the plastic containers.
  • these forming stations preferably also have rod-like bodies, in particular so-called stretching rods, which can be inserted into the interior of the plastic preforms in order to stretch them in their longitudinal direction.
  • these forming stations each have loading devices, which load the plastic preforms with a flowable medium, in particular with a gaseous or liquid medium.
  • the control device preferably acts on one and preferably several control variables. These control variables are selected from a group of variables, which include one or more pressures applied to the plastic preforms, a speed of the stretch rod, the level of a pre-blow pressure, the level of an intermediate blow pressure, the level of a final blow pressure, a sequence of exposure to the Press and the like contains.
  • the first control device which controls the heating device, can also preferably change and/or control at least one and preferably at least a large number of control variables.
  • These variables are selected from a group of variables containing a heating power, in particular a heating power of the individual heating devices, a heating power of the heating devices as a function of a height of the plastic preform and the like.
  • These heating devices preferably have a large number of radiant heaters which are particularly preferably arranged one above the other in the direction of the plastic preforms to be heated. It is possible that these individual radiant heaters are controlled separately, and thus preferably different areas in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preform are heated differently.
  • a further variable to be controlled can be, for example, a rotational speed of the plastic preforms about their own axis.
  • the heating device particularly preferably has a rotating device which rotates the individual plastic preforms with respect to their longitudinal directions. It is possible that each individual plastic preform is rotated separately. However, it would also be possible for the plastic preforms to be rotated uniformly. In this way, a rotational speed of these plastic preforms, for example, can particularly preferably also be adjusted with respect to their longitudinal directions.
  • the device particularly preferably has a processor device which, based on the variable variable and/or based on the change in the variable variable, determines a parameter which can be used by at least one of the control devices and preferably by both control devices for control and/or which has a corresponding control effected. It is thus possible for the processor device, for example from a variable which indicates a changing ambient temperature of the machine, to determine how the controls of the heating device and/or the shaping device are to be adapted. In this case, the heating device and/or the shaping device are controlled accordingly.
  • the variable variable is thus preferably understood to mean the changing input variable, such as a changed material of the plastic preform or a changed ambient temperature.
  • the processor device determines a parameter that says or is a measure of how this variable will affect, for example how a changed ambient temperature will affect the temperature of the plastic preforms at the outlet of the heating device.
  • the control device then adjusts a control variable on the basis of this parameter, such as the heating output of the heating devices and/or a blowing pressure of the shaping device, so that these heating outputs and/or the blowing pressure are the control variables accordingly.
  • the processor device is preferably suitable and intended to use the variable variable and/or a change in the variable variable to determine and/or predict its effect on the heating process and/or the forming process. Based on this, the effect on the regulation and/or the regulation is influenced.
  • the device and/or the processor device determines the determination variable and/or control variable on the basis of a model.
  • the control and/or regulation system has therefore preferably implemented a model which determines the relationship between the influencing variables and the results or the container properties and/or the determining variables.
  • This model can be permanently stored in a machine control. However, it can also be parameterized by the operator or can also be parameterized by the device itself and/or a measurement of the properties of the containers.
  • the device therefore also has an inspection device which inspects the manufactured containers or the blown containers. These can be checked, for example, with regard to a wall thickness of their wall. In addition, local wall thickness differences can also be determined. The results of this inspection are also preferably taken into account when controlling the heating device and/or the shaping device.
  • the device preferably has a memory device in which both determination variables and deviations in the input variables as well as variables resulting from the inspection of the manufactured containers and/or the heated plastic preforms are recorded. A large number of value tuples can be defined in this way.
  • the wall thickness and temperature of a heated plastic preform can be defined and stored when specific environmental parameters, such as an ambient temperature, are present and a specific material of the plastic preform is used. Furthermore, a large number of such values can enter this memory device.
  • control variables within the framework of the regulation of the shaping device and/or the heating device, not only the results are taken into account as control variables, as is customary, but also changing input variables.
  • a large number of ambient temperatures can be stored for a specific material of a plastic preform and, for example, also a large number of thicknesses of the walls of the plastic preforms.
  • a certain material in a database or a look-up table or by means of a Regression model for a specific temperature and a specific wall thickness are assigned an expected value as this plastic preform is heated. This expected value can be transmitted to the controller of the blow molding machine and also to the heating device, and this can control or modify the process accordingly (in the same way as in the case of a measured result).
  • variable influencing the heating process and/or the forming process is selected from a group of variables which physical properties of a plastic preform to be treated, such as in particular its material, its size, a wall thickness or the like, environmental conditions, such as in particular an ambient temperature, an ambient pressure or humidity and the like, machine states of the devices and the like.
  • At least the second control device enables individual control for the treatment of each plastic preform.
  • the shaping device has a large number of shaping stations, each of which is used to produce a container. However, this means that the blow molding process of each individual plastic preform can also be controlled individually.
  • the device has an assignment device which assigns each plastic preform fed to the heating device to a specific forming station, which reshapes this plastic preform. In this way, the process can be individually adapted to the individual plastic preforms.
  • the device has at least one detection device for detecting the variable variable.
  • at or an inspection device can be provided during the heating device, which, for example, detects a wall thickness of the plastic preform or also its material. This value can be used in advance as a variable input variable for the control.
  • the device has a detection device which is suitable and intended for detecting an absorption behavior of the plastic preforms.
  • This detection device can be arranged in an inlet area in which the plastic preforms enter the heating device or also along a heating path. Several such detection devices can also be provided.
  • the device has an adjustment device and/or an additional temperature control device and in particular an additional heating device in order to change and in particular increase the heating of individual plastic preforms or groups of plastic preforms (in particular individually).
  • an individual adjustment of a heating power and/or a heating time of the plastic preforms can be undertaken.
  • this adaptation can take place, for example, in response to an (in particular measured) absorption behavior and/or a (in particular measured) temperature.
  • a heating output can be adapted and in particular increased to individual plastic preforms or to groups of (in particular consecutive) plastic preforms.
  • This adjustment device can be designed in such a way that the entire plastic preform is additionally heated, but it would also be possible for such an adjustment to take place in certain local areas of the plastic preform.
  • This adjustment device is preferably arranged along the transport path of the plastic preforms, for example in an inlet or along the transport route.
  • the adjustment device has at least one radiation device and in particular at least one laser.
  • This radiation device can additionally heat individual areas of the plastic preforms locally or also individual plastic preforms in their entirety. Additional heating by means of microwaves would also be possible.
  • the present invention is also directed to a method for producing plastic containers, wherein a heating device heats plastic preforms, and wherein a transport device of this heating device separates the plastic preforms during heating, transports them along a predetermined transport path and at least one (in particular stationary) heating device transports the plastic preforms during is heated during transport along the transport path, and with a shaping device shaping the heated plastic preforms into plastic containers, with this shaping device having a large number of shaping stations for shaping the plastic preforms into plastic containers, with this shaping device being arranged in the transport device for the plastic preforms after the heating device, with at least one Control device of the heating device and/or the shaping device controls and/or regulates the heating process and/or the shaping process depending on at least one property of the plastic preforms (10).
  • a control device and/or regulating device of this shaping device can regulate the shaping process as a function of at least one characteristic property of the plastic preforms.
  • At least one temperature detection device detects a temperature of the plastic preforms in a region of the heating device or between the heating device and the forming device.
  • a first control device and/or regulating device of the heating device preferably controls and/or regulates the heating process at least temporarily.
  • At least one of the control devices takes into account in advance at least one variable variable that influences the heating process and/or the forming process, and the control is also carried out on the basis of this variable.
  • Both control devices preferably take the variable variable into account in advance.
  • the regulation takes place on the basis of a model which, based on the variable variable, predicts its effect on the heating process and/or the forming process.
  • a changed material can result in the infrared absorption changing, and this can be predicted, for example on the basis of previously known data or on the basis of learned experience and/or empirical values.
  • This model can preferably be parameterized. It is possible for this model to be parameterizable by the user or by the machine itself, for example in a self-learning manner. However, it is also possible for this model to be permanently stored.
  • heating of individual preforms or individual groups of preforms is adjusted and in particular increased.
  • This adaptation is preferably carried out by at least one laser, in particular as a function of an absorption behavior of the plastic preforms.
  • This adaptation preferably takes place during transport, i.e. in particular during the movement of the plastic preforms.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for producing containers.
  • plastic preforms 10 are first separated and fed to a heating device denoted by 2 in its entirety.
  • This heating device 2 has a transport device 22 .
  • This transport device is designed here as a revolving transport chain on which a multiplicity of holding devices 28 are arranged, each holding the plastic preforms.
  • the plastic preforms are also rotated with respect to their longitudinal axis.
  • a plurality of heating devices 24a, 24b is arranged in a stationary manner along a transport path P. The plastic preforms 10 are guided past these and heated in the process.
  • the reference number 6 designates an inspection device, which is arranged here in the area of the deflection of the transport path P, and in particular in an area in which no heating devices are arranged. As mentioned above, this inspection device records a spatially resolved image of the plastic preform and in particular a spatially resolved image of its temperature characteristics.
  • Reference number 12 designates a further temperature detection device, which detects an overall temperature or an integral temperature of the heated plastic preforms. This temperature value can also be used to control and/or regulate the heating device or the downstream shaping device 4 .
  • Reference number 26 designates a control device for controlling the heating device 2 .
  • a transport device 41 and a shaping device 4 are connected to this heating device 2 .
  • This shaping device 4 has a large number of shaping stations 44 which are arranged on a carrier 46 .
  • Numeral 42 designates a control device for controlling this conversion device.
  • the reference number 14 denotes a roughly schematic processor device which, taking into account at least one input variable, which is in particular the variable variable mentioned above, determines a parameter which predicts a specific behavior or a specific property of the plastic preform or the manufactured container.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif (1) de fabrication de récipients en matière plastique avec un système de chauffage (2), lequel chauffe des préformes en matière plastique (10), dans lequel ce système de chauffage présente un système de transport (22), lequel transporte les préformes en matière plastique (10) pendant leur chauffage de manière isolée le long d'un chemin de transport (P) spécifié, ainsi qu'au moins un système de chauffage (24a, 24b), lequel chauffe les préformes en matière plastique pendant leur transport le long du chemin de transport, et avec un système de mise en forme (4), lequel met en forme les préformes en matière plastique chauffées en récipients en matière plastique, dans lequel ledit système de mise en forme (4) présente une pluralité de postes de mise en forme (44) pour mettre en forme les préformes en matière plastique en récipients en matière plastique, et dans lequel ledit système de mise en forme (4) est disposé après le système de chauffage dans la direction de transport des préformes en matière plastique et dans lequel le système de chauffage et/ou le système de mise en forme présentent au moins un système de régulation (26, 42), lequel permet une régulation de l'opération de chauffage et/ou de l'opération de mise en forme en fonction d'au moins une caractéristique des préformes en matière plastique (10) et dans lequel le dispositif présente de manière préférée par ailleurs au moins un système de détection de température (12), lequel est disposé dans une zone du système de chauffage (2) ou entre le système de chauffage (2) et le système de mise en forme (4) et lequel est adapté pour et se destine à détecter une température des préformes en matière plastique (10),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'au moins un système de régulation (26, 42) prend en compte au préalable, pour la régulation, au moins une grandeur variable et ayant une incidence sur le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme, si bien que la grandeur variable est déjà prise en compte au préalable, ce qui signifie qu'on entend par là que cette grandeur est prise en compte avant que son impact ne soit mesurable et la machine prévoit la manière selon laquelle des grandeurs variables définies ou encore leurs modifications impactent le procédé de fabrication et en particulier le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme ou encore le récipient fini, et par ailleurs dans lequel
    la régulation du processus de chauffage et/ou du processus de mise en forme ou du processus de soufflage pour la machine entière ou pour le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de soufflage d'une préforme en matière plastique individuelle utilise directement une modification des caractéristiques de la préforme en matière plastique et/ou d'autres grandeurs d'influence sans attendre d'abord le résultat du processus lié à la variation des caractéristiques de la grandeur de régulation.
  2. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif présente un système à processeur (14), lequel détermine sur la base de la grandeur variable et/ou sur la base d'une modification de la grandeur variable, une grandeur de définition (B1), laquelle peut être utilisée par au moins un des systèmes de régulation (26, 42) pour la régulation.
  3. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le système à processeur (14) est adapté pour déterminer à l'aide de la grandeur variable et en particulier d'une modification de cette grandeur variable, son impact sur le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme.
  4. Dispositif (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif (1) et/ou le système à processeur (14) déterminent la grandeur de définition sur la base d'un modèle.
  5. Dispositif (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la grandeur ayant une incidence sur le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme est choisie parmi un groupe de grandeurs, lequel contient des caractéristiques physiques d'une préforme en matière plastique à traiter, comme en particulier son matériau, sa taille, une épaisseur de paroi et similaire, des conditions environnantes, comme en particulier une température ambiante, une pression ambiante, une humidité de l'air ambiant et similaire, des états de machine du dispositif et similaires.
  6. Dispositif (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins le deuxième système de régulation (42) permet une régulation individuelle pour le traitement de chaque préforme en matière plastique.
  7. Dispositif (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif présente un système d'association, qui associe à chaque préforme en matière plastique amenée au système de chauffage (2) un poste de mise en forme défini, lequel met en forme ladite préforme en matière plastique.
  8. Dispositif (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif présente au moins un système de détection pour détecter la grandeur variable.
  9. Dispositif (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif (1) présente un système d'adaptation pour modifier et en particulier pour augmenter le chauffage de préformes en matière plastique individuelles ou de groupes de préformes en matière plastique.
  10. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le système d'adaptation présente au moins un système de rayonnement et en particulier au moins un laser.
  11. Procédé (1) de fabrication de récipients en matière plastique, dans lequel un système de chauffage (2) chauffe des préformes en matière plastique (10), dans lequel un système de transport (22) de ce système de chauffage transporte les préformes en matière plastique (10) pendant leur chauffage de manière isolée le long d'un chemin de transport (P) spécifié et au moins un système de chauffage (24a, 24b) chauffe les préformes en matière plastique pendant leur transport le long du chemin de transport et dans lequel un système de mise en forme (4) met en forme les préformes en matière plastique chauffées en des récipients en matière plastique, dans lequel ce système de mise en forme (4) présente une pluralité de postes de mise en forme (44) pour mettre en forme les préformes en matière plastique en des récipients en matière plastique, dans lequel ce système de mise en forme (4) est disposé dans la direction de transport des préformes en matière plastique après le système de chauffage et dans lequel au moins un système de régulation (26, 42) du système de chauffage et/ou du système de mise en forme commande et/ou régule le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme en fonction d'au moins une caractéristique des préformes en matière plastique (10) et dans lequel de manière préférée par ailleurs au moins un système de détection de température (12) détecte dans une zone du système de chauffage (2) ou entre le système de chauffage (2) et le système de mise en forme (4) une température des préformes en matière plastique (10),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'au moins un système de régulation (26, 42) prend en compte au préalable, pour la régulation, au moins une grandeur (G1) variable et ayant une incidence sur le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme et la régulation est effectuée également sur la base de cette grandeur si bien que la grandeur variable est déjà prise en compte au préalable, ce qui signifie qu'on entend par là que cette grandeur est prise en compte avant que son impact ne soit mesurable, et la machine prévoit la manière selon laquelle des grandeurs variables définies ou encore leurs modifications impactent le procédé de fabrication et en particulier le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme ou encore le récipient fini, et par ailleurs dans lequel
    la régulation du processus de chauffage et/ou du processus de mise en forme ou du processus de soufflage pour la machine entière ou pour le processus de chauffage et/ou de soufflage d'une préforme en matière plastique individuelle utilise directement une modification des caractéristiques de la préforme en matière plastique et/ou d'autres grandeurs d'influence sans attendre seulement le résultat du processus lié à la variation des caractéristiques de la grandeur de régulation.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la régulation se fait sur la base d'un modèle, lequel prévoit sur la base de la grandeur variable son impact sur le processus de chauffage et/ou le processus de mise en forme.
  13. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 11 - 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le modèle peut être paramétré.
  14. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, 11 - 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un chauffage de préformes individuelles ou de groupes individuels de préformes est adapté.
EP21192920.3A 2020-09-04 2021-08-24 Dispositif et procédé de chauffage de préformes en matière plastique à détection de température à résolution espace Active EP3964349B1 (fr)

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EP4209327A1 (fr) 2023-07-12
DE102020123163A1 (de) 2022-03-10
EP3964349C0 (fr) 2023-06-07
EP3964349A1 (fr) 2022-03-09
CN114131901A (zh) 2022-03-04
EP4209327B1 (fr) 2024-09-25

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