EP3963700A1 - Antriebssystem und kraftfahrzeug - Google Patents
Antriebssystem und kraftfahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP3963700A1 EP3963700A1 EP20721401.6A EP20721401A EP3963700A1 EP 3963700 A1 EP3963700 A1 EP 3963700A1 EP 20721401 A EP20721401 A EP 20721401A EP 3963700 A1 EP3963700 A1 EP 3963700A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drive system
- fuel cell
- rotor
- motor vehicle
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/083—Alkaline fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/71—Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/002—Shape, form of a fuel cell
- H01M8/004—Cylindrical, tubular or wound
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
- H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
- H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
- H02K17/14—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/20—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar machine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/086—Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M8/144—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/145—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material comprising carbonates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drive system with a fuel cell and a motor vehicle with such a drive system.
- Electrical machines are used in wide areas of technology, increasingly also in the motor vehicle sector as electric motors for driving motor vehicles.
- the provision of electrical energy for electric motors can take place in various ways, in the area of mobility, for example, via batteries or
- Fuel cells in the latter case in conjunction with an adequate fuel supply. Fuel cells and their electrochemical functioning are well known in various variants.
- the basic principle of a fuel cell is to feed hydrogen to one electrode of the fuel cell and oxygen to the other electrode.
- the hydrogen molecules are split at the electrode and give electrons to the electrode, which flow over a conductor to the other electrode to form oxygen ions together with the oxygen.
- water is produced and a current flows in the conductor between the electrodes.
- Oxygen and hydrogen can be stored in their pure form and fed to the fuel cell. But it is also possible to use oxygen from the ambient air. Hydrogen can be obtained from compounds such as methane or ammonia by reforming; in the process, the respective connection is split electrolytically. Unless pure oxygen and pure hydrogen are used, by-products are created that have to be removed from the fuel cell and disposed of.
- Electric motors especially in the motor vehicle sector, are operated in the high-voltage range. Since individual fuel cells only supply voltages in the range of approx. 1 volt, several cells (quite a few hundred) are connected in series. Even with accumulators, as a rule, several accumulator cells, their
- Output voltage is determined by the electrochemistry used in them, connected in series in order to obtain the desired operating voltage for the electric motor.
- the electric motors used (such as permanent magnet synchronous machines or reluctance machines) often require power electronics to control the
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a drive system that without
- the object with regard to the drive system is achieved by a drive system according to claim 1.
- the object with regard to the motor vehicle is achieved by a motor vehicle according to claim 8.
- the subclaims each contain advantageous developments.
- the drive system according to the invention uses an electric motor
- a unipolar machine as such is known: a rotor in the form of a disk is penetrated by a magnetic field perpendicular to the disk or at least one magnetic field component perpendicular to the disk. Electric current is conducted between the center of the disk and the edge of the disk. The magnetic field results in a Lorentz force on the moving charge carriers, which leads to a torque on the disk.
- the torque can be dissipated via a rotor shaft connected to the disk; the rotor shaft can also be used as a conductor for making electrical contact with the center of the disk.
- the rotor shaft and disk can be electrically operated, for example, via a brush each be contacted, the disc is preferably contacted at its outer edge by the brush.
- a unipolar machine does not require any commutation or any other switching of currents in the machine and can therefore run without irregularities in the torque.
- a unipolar machine also shows no problems when starting up. Since the generated torque depends on the current strength, high
- Torques high currents required; if the electrical resistance of the rotor is low, however, these can be achieved at low voltages. What is needed is a power source that is able to deliver high currents without the need for high voltages.
- a fuel cell is used for this purpose.
- a sufficiently large electrode area is required for the fuel cell to produce one per unit of time
- a plurality of fuel cells can also be connected in parallel, the electrodes of the individual fuel cells connected in parallel then forming an electrode for the purposes of this application.
- the fuel cell is part of the drive system and can be installed in the unipolar machine itself, in which case one can speak of an in-situ fuel cell (ISB).
- ISB in-situ fuel cell
- Fuel cells to increase the available voltage are usually unnecessary.
- the fuel cell encloses the rotor shaft
- the fuel cell can in particular also enclose the rotor, that is to say the disk, of the unipolar machine in a ring shape.
- the rotor shaft, rotor and the annular fuel cell can be arranged concentrically to one another.
- a fuel cell which annularly surrounds the rotor shaft, in particular the rotor itself, offers a large area for the electrodes of the fuel cell, which, as explained above, is required for high currents.
- an electrode of the fuel cell which surrounds the rotor shaft in an annular manner is connected to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner. This means in particular that the electrode rotates with the rotor when the unipolar machine is in operation.
- the fuel cell uses a liquid electrolyte (“wet fuel cell”).
- the electrolyte can also take on the function of a brush, more precisely the brush that makes electrical contact with the edge of the pane of the unipolar machine.
- fuel can be supplied to the electrode connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the rotor via a rotary leadthrough and a channel. The channel runs through the rotor shaft and disk, and the rotary feedthrough forms the supply of fuel from a supply into the channel.
- a liquid electrolyte can also be used for cooling. Specifically, the
- the fuel cell encircles the rotor and the electrode connected to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner can be connected to the rotor on the outer edge of the rotor.
- a brush is provided to the rotor of the
- Unipolar machine preferably on the outer edge of the disk, to be electrically connected to an electrode of the fuel cell, and a further brush is provided to connect the rotor shaft to another electrode of the fuel cell in an electrically conductive manner.
- the fuel cell can enclose the rotor shaft, and also the rotor, in a ring shape without an electrode of the fuel cell rotating with the rotor during operation of the unipolar machine.
- a reformer is integrated into the drive system.
- the drive system with unipolar machine, fuel cell and reformer can then be viewed as a drive module to which the fuel (for example, but not limited to, ammonia or methane) can be fed.
- the fuel for example, but not limited to, ammonia or methane
- hydrogen is generated from the fuel.
- the magnetic field that penetrates the disk of the unipolar machine is generated by at least one magnet that is part of the unipolar machine.
- the at least one magnet is an electromagnet.
- the electromagnet can for example be supplied with electricity by a generator, wherein the generator can be driven by the unipolar machine.
- a permanent magnet is used as the magnet of the unipolar machine.
- the unipolar machine can be controlled via the fuel supply to the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell In order to enable this control precisely and with short reaction times, the fuel cell must be highly dynamic. The fuel cell should be operated without excess if possible in order to achieve a
- the behavior of the unipolar machine can be influenced by interventions in the coil, e.g. with spontaneous load reduction.
- the direction of travel of the unipolar machine can be changed by reversing the direction of the magnetic field, i.e. by changing the direction of the current in the windings of the
- Hydrogen for the fuel cell can, for example, either be in pure form in a pressure vessel, as a compound (e.g. ammonia, methane, methanol), or in bound form in solids or liquids.
- Oxygen can, for example, be stored in pure form or taken from the air.
- fuel cells with alkaline electrolytes such as a solution of KOH.
- fuel cells with alkaline electrolytes such as a solution of KOH.
- the motor vehicle according to the invention has a drive system as described above, with a unipolar machine and a fuel cell.
- the unipolar machine is intended to provide a traction torque for the motor vehicle.
- the unipolar machine drives a further electrical machine. It can be a generator to supply a low-voltage
- a generator driven by the unipolar machine can also supply an electromagnet of the unipolar machine with power or a reformer for the fuel in the fuel cell.
- the motor vehicle has at least two drive systems as described above and each of the drive systems is provided for driving a wheel or a group of wheels of the motor vehicle.
- Figure 1 shows the basic concept of a conventional drive system.
- Figure 2 shows the basic concept of the drive system according to the invention.
- Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the drive system according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the current curve and magnetic field in the embodiment from FIG
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the invention
- Figure 8 shows the use of a reformer in connection with a
- Fig. 1 shows the basic concept of a conventional drive system.
- Electric motor 340 (for example a permanently excited synchronous machine) is supplied with electrical energy from a fuel cell 310. This is done through a
- Power storage 320 and power electronics 330 which store the currents in the
- the fuel cell 310 consists of a plurality of fuel cell elements 311 connected in series. Each fuel cell element 311 is itself a fuel cell. The voltages of the individual fuel cell elements 31 1 add up due to the series connection, so that the fuel cell 310 can provide the voltage required to operate the electric motor 340.
- Fig. 2 shows the basic concept of a drive system according to the invention.
- a unipolar machine 2 is supplied with electricity directly from a fuel cell 3.
- An electrode 31 of the fuel cell 3 is shown symbolically in order to illustrate that the fuel cell 3 has electrodes 31 with a large area compared to the embodiment in FIG. 1 in order to provide a high current intensity for the unipolar machine 2. In contrast to the concept shown in FIG. 1, a high voltage is not required.
- FIG 3 shows an embodiment of a drive system 1 according to the invention, with a unipolar machine 2 and a fuel cell 3.
- the unipolar machine 2 has a rotor 4 and a rotor shaft 5 and a magnet 6, which in this embodiment is an electromagnet; Windings 61 des
- Electromagnets are shown.
- the rotor shaft 5 is by means of bearings 51 in a
- the fuel cell 3 surrounds the rotor shaft 5 and rotor 4 in an annular manner.
- An electrode 31 of the fuel cell 3 is connected non-rotatably to the rotor 4 at an outer edge 41 of the rotor 4.
- this electrode 31 rotates with the rotor 4 relative to a further electrode 32 of the fuel cell 3; the further electrode 32 rests relative to the Installation environment of the drive system 1.
- the rotationally fixed connection between the rotor 4 and the electrode 31 also provides an electrically conductive connection between the outer edge 41 of the rotor 4 and the electrode 31.
- An electrically conductive connection between the electrode 32 and the rotor shaft 5 is established by the brush 7.
- a liquid electrolyte for example KOH
- Hydrogen can reach the channel 53 (only shown on one side of the rotor) in the rotor shaft 5 and rotor 4 and from there to the electrode 31 via the fuel feed 100 through a rotary leadthrough 52.
- Oxygen can reach the channel 33 and from there into the electrode 32 via the fuel supply 101.
- areas 35 and 36 are provided, where the splitting of oxygen and
- These regions 35 and 36 can have, for example, platinum-coated carbon nanotubes in order to offer a large surface for the reaction catalyzed by platinum.
- the channels 53 and 33 branch off to the
- Areas 35 and 36 in order to ensure the supply of hydrogen or oxygen to the areas 35 and 36, respectively.
- FIG. 4 again shows the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. In the interests of clarity of illustration, some reference symbols and hatching have been omitted here compared to FIG. 3. Channels 33 and 53 were also not shown.
- the magnetic field 500 which is generated by the magnet 6, in the area of the rotor 4 is shown by arrows. The magnetic field 500 is only shown for part of the rotor 4, but the magnetic field is in the area of the rotor 4
- a current profile 550 is shown, from the electrode 32 via the brush 7, rotor shaft 5 and rotor 4 to electrode 31.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a drive system 1 according to the invention with a unipolar machine 2 and a fuel cell 3. Many of the elements shown are analogous to the embodiment of FIG. 3, so that from a repetition of
- the fuel cell 3 surrounds the rotor shaft 5 and the rotor 4 in an annular manner.
- the electrode 31 is not connected non-rotatably to the rotor 4. Rather, when the unipolar machine 2 is in operation, both electrode 31 and electrode 32 are at rest relative to an installation environment of the
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the integration of the drive system 1 according to the invention in an overall system, here in a motor vehicle 600, which is only shown schematically.
- the drive system 1 is used in the motor vehicle 600 as a traction machine and, via a transmission 615, drives a differential 610, which transmits torque to the wheels 620.
- the drive system 1 drives an electrical machine 630 via a transmission 635, which can act as a generator of a low-voltage voltage and feeds a low-voltage electrical system via a battery 633.
- the electric machine 630 can also be used for recuperation and for driving when the motor vehicle 600 is maneuvering.
- ammonia is used as the fuel supply in one
- Pressure accumulator 640 carried along at about 9 bar pressure. From there the ammonia goes to a reformer 650, which splits the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. The nitrogen is released into the environment, the hydrogen passes through a Control system 660 finally to drive system 1. Reforming 650 and control system 660 are supplied with low voltage (NV) from battery 633.
- the control system 660 includes valves (not shown) to control the supply of
- the oxygen can be supplied to the drive system 1 as part of the ambient air, for which purpose the control system 660 can comprise a compressor (not shown).
- Electrolyte here a solution of KOH, is discharged from the drive system 1, more precisely from the fuel cell 3 of the drive system 1, to an assembly 670, in which reaction products of the reaction taking place in the fuel cell 3 are removed from the electrolyte.
- the main reaction product is water, which is partly made up of the
- Electrolyte solution removed, leaving a more concentrated solution of KOH to the
- Fuel cell 3 can be returned.
- the electrolyte solution is also cooled in the unit 670.
- a hydrogen supply can also be carried in the motor vehicle 600.
- Fig. 7 shows schematically further possible uses of the invention
- a drive system 1 is coupled to a further electrical machine 730 via a transmission 735 and, together with this, drives wheels 720 via a differential 710.
- a further electrical machine 730 is coupled to a drive system 1 according to the invention via a transmission 735 and together with it drives wheels 720 via a differential 710.
- the drive system 1 according to the invention is coupled and, together with it, drives wheels 720 via a transmission 735 and a differential 710.
- a drive system 1 according to the invention is coupled directly to a further electrical machine 730 and drives together with this via a
- two drive systems 1 are provided, each of which drives a wheel or a wheel group, such as front and rear wheels, 620.
- the ratios 735 can be implemented in various ways, for example via spur gears, planetary gears or belt gears; manual transmissions are also possible.
- FIG. 8 illustrates two ways of using a reformer 650 in FIG.
- the reformer 650 is a separate device that is separate from the drive system 1.
- the reformer 650 is supplied with fuel, here ammonia.
- ammonia is split into nitrogen and hydrogen, the nitrogen is released into the environment, and the hydrogen is transferred to the fuel cell of the
- Drive system 1 according to the invention delivered.
- the water produced in the fuel cell is discharged from the drive system 1.
- the reformer 650 is integrated into the drive system 1 according to the invention, so that the reformer 650 and drive system 1 form a module which can also be installed as a whole in a motor vehicle.
- the module will
- Fuel here ammonia, is supplied, which is split into hydrogen and nitrogen in the reformer 650.
- the hydrogen is used in the fuel cell of the
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019111301.6A DE102019111301B4 (de) | 2019-05-02 | 2019-05-02 | Antriebssystem mit einer brennstoffzelle und damit versorgter unipolarmaschine sowie ein kraftfahrzeug |
| PCT/DE2020/100289 WO2020221392A1 (de) | 2019-05-02 | 2020-04-09 | Antriebssystem und kraftfahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3963700A1 true EP3963700A1 (de) | 2022-03-09 |
Family
ID=70464795
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20721401.6A Withdrawn EP3963700A1 (de) | 2019-05-02 | 2020-04-09 | Antriebssystem und kraftfahrzeug |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12151568B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3963700A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN113474207B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019111301B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020221392A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4439972B1 (de) * | 2023-03-27 | 2025-06-25 | Airbus (S.A.S.) | Kühlarchitektur für einen kryogenen und supraleitenden antriebsstrang mit flüssigem wasserstoff an bord und verfahren zur steuerung der kühltemperatur der antriebsstrangkomponenten |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB413026A (en) | 1933-01-18 | 1934-07-12 | Nicholas Japolsky | Improvements in or relating to dynamo-electric variable speed power transmitting mechanisms |
| FR1594834A (de) * | 1967-11-22 | 1970-06-08 | ||
| JPS522634Y2 (de) | 1971-07-30 | 1977-01-20 | ||
| DE2534511C3 (de) * | 1975-08-01 | 1978-11-23 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Unipolarmaschine mit einer tiefstgekählten Erregerwicklung |
| RU2062336C1 (ru) * | 1993-06-08 | 1996-06-20 | Виталий Арсеньевич Обухов | Энергетическая установка |
| RU2062335C1 (ru) | 1994-04-27 | 1996-06-20 | Научно-исследовательский институт тепловозов и путевых машин | Четырехтактный двигатель внутреннего сгорания |
| US5678647A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1997-10-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Fuel cell powered propulsion system |
| US6005322A (en) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-12-21 | Isaak; Mark Frank | Integrated fuel cell electric motor |
| DE19916243A1 (de) * | 1999-04-10 | 2000-10-19 | Piller Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Energieumwandlung mit mindestens einer Brennstoffzelle und/oder einem Hydrolyseur |
| JP3721947B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-30 | 2005-11-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御装置 |
| DE10063230A1 (de) * | 2000-12-19 | 2001-07-19 | Friedbert Schaefer | Flossenläufer-Homopolarmaschine mit Rückleitung des Läuferstroms über ruhende Reaktionsplatten |
| DE10164435A1 (de) * | 2001-12-29 | 2003-08-07 | Friedbert Schaefer | Flossenlose Mantelfeld-Homopolarmaschine mit integriertem Magnetlager |
| US9112197B1 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2015-08-18 | Ravindra Kashyap | Fuel cell motor system |
| US11121650B2 (en) * | 2019-11-17 | 2021-09-14 | Michael L Froelich | Direct current motor combinations for electric vehicles |
| US9302723B1 (en) * | 2015-02-19 | 2016-04-05 | Resort Vehicles, Inc. | Interchangeable power train system for electric powered vehicles |
-
2019
- 2019-05-02 DE DE102019111301.6A patent/DE102019111301B4/de active Active
-
2020
- 2020-04-09 WO PCT/DE2020/100289 patent/WO2020221392A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-04-09 EP EP20721401.6A patent/EP3963700A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-04-09 CN CN202080016980.8A patent/CN113474207B/zh active Active
- 2020-04-09 US US17/606,530 patent/US12151568B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113474207B (zh) | 2024-08-09 |
| DE102019111301B4 (de) | 2024-11-14 |
| DE102019111301A1 (de) | 2020-11-05 |
| US20220203846A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
| WO2020221392A1 (de) | 2020-11-05 |
| US12151568B2 (en) | 2024-11-26 |
| CN113474207A (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
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