EP3955856A1 - Prothèse mitrale de conception naturelle - Google Patents

Prothèse mitrale de conception naturelle

Info

Publication number
EP3955856A1
EP3955856A1 EP20791870.7A EP20791870A EP3955856A1 EP 3955856 A1 EP3955856 A1 EP 3955856A1 EP 20791870 A EP20791870 A EP 20791870A EP 3955856 A1 EP3955856 A1 EP 3955856A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cords
mitral valve
leaflet
leaflets
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20791870.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3955856A4 (fr
Inventor
Theodoros Kofidis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National University of Singapore
National University Hospital Singapore Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
National University of Singapore
National University Hospital Singapore Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by National University of Singapore, National University Hospital Singapore Pte Ltd filed Critical National University of Singapore
Publication of EP3955856A1 publication Critical patent/EP3955856A1/fr
Publication of EP3955856A4 publication Critical patent/EP3955856A4/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2415—Manufacturing methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442—Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2454—Means for preventing inversion of the valve leaflets, e.g. chordae tendineae prostheses
    • A61F2/2457—Chordae tendineae prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2240/00—Manufacturing or designing of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2240/001—Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2240/002—Designing or making customized prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0096—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
    • A61F2250/0098—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers

Definitions

  • the mitral or left atrioventricular valve which is a bicuspid valve (i.e., a valve comprising two leaflets), is a valve in the heart that separates the left atrium and the left ventricle.
  • the mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle during ventricular diastole, while preventing retrograde flow during systole.
  • Naturally occurring mitral valve consists of an annulus, two leaflets, atrial myocardium, chordae tendinae, pupillary muscles and ventricular myocardium.
  • Mitral valve replacement is a procedure designed to be performed so as to replace a diseased or non-functioning valve. During the mitral valve replacement procedure, the patient’s mitral valve is removed and is replaced with a prosthesis. The mitral valve unique configuration presents challenges for creating a long lasting and normally functioning mitral valve prosthesis.
  • Biological and mechanical mitral valve prostheses are available commercially. In contrast to the soft tissue and asymmetrical shape of the human mitral valve, both biological prostheses and mechanical prostheses have rigid, circular shapes.
  • An additional disadvantage of mechanical valves is that blood tends to clot on the mechanical components of the valve and cause the valve to function abnormally. Patients with mechanical valves must take anticoagulants to prevent the risk of blood clots forming on the valve, which can cause a stroke.
  • Biological valves carry a reduced risk of forming blood clots but have more limited durability as compared with mechanical valves and require more frequent replacement.
  • Biological valves, as do mechanical valves include a rigid metal skeleton, and feature a metal ring covered with silicon or other synthetic material to allow passing of the implantation sutures.
  • mitral valve prostheses are typically built in an unnatural, circular-shaped manner and are often made of rigid materials. They also often feature three symmetric leaflets, whereas a natural human mitral valve includes only two leaflets, a larger anterior leaflet and a smaller posterior leaflet. Due to their rigid and unnatural construction, such mitral valve prostheses distort the natural anatomy of the heart. The heart muscle surrounding these prostheses does not recover well following implant surgery. The prostheses last an average of only 7-10 years, causing patients to require second and, sometimes, third surgeries during their life span, which repeatedly exposes patients to the high risks of open heart surgery.
  • mitral valve prostheses may be formed by reinforcing a homograft as described in US 6,074,417, which means the physician is required to scan various sizes of valves in order to find the best match per patient, while sacrificing animals from which the valves are to be taken.
  • mitral valve prostheses may be formed by sewing multiple layers of pericardium to one another, as described in US 5,415,667, which may cause clotting in the areas where multiple sutures are present.
  • atrioventricular valves including mitral valves
  • mitral valves Other forms of atrioventricular valves, including mitral valves, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,277 in which atemplate of membrane material is sutured onto the patient's mitral annulus.
  • Such valves feature a high and unnaturally shaped annulus, making the circumference of the prosthetic valve bulky and raised like a collar.
  • templates are provided in standard sizes which must then be trimmed to adapt to a patient.
  • a prosthetic valve designed to resemble a patient's natural mitral valve is provided.
  • Two flexible leaflets and an asymmetric and flexible ring can move with the natural distortion of the heart muscle during a cardiac cycle.
  • Cords, similar to the native chordae tendineae of the patient, are included in the prosthetic valve to mimic the natural prevention of backflow of blood into the atria and to provide support to the left ventricle during systole.
  • a mitral valve prosthesis to be transplanted in a heart includes:
  • the asymmetrical ring is dimensioned to mimic a native mitral annulus of a patient, the asymmetrical ring is constructed from a flexible material rolled onto itself towards the outer side of the valve;
  • an anterior flexible leaflet and a posterior flexible leaflet suspended from the asymmetrical ring and configured to substantially coapt with each other;
  • each of the anterior and posterior leaflets shape is configured to mimic the shape of a native mitral valve, whereby the anterior and posterior leaflets create an orifice through which blood flows in one direction;
  • each set of cords attached to the anterior or posterior leaflet on a first end and attached into a cap on a second end, the cap is configured to be attached onto papillary muscles of the heart on another end of the cap.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis may further comprise a coaptation surface continuing each one of the anterior and posterior leaflets and attached to each set of cords, the coaptation surface configured to enhance sealing of the mitral valve prosthesis.
  • the asymmetrical ring may further comprise at least two strands constructed in a coiled coil structure.
  • the asymmetrical ring may comprise two layers of material folded together to provide elasticity, and a third layer to provide structural stability.
  • the asymmetrical ring may comprise two layers of bovine pericardium; and a third layer of Glycine or Proline to provide strength.
  • the layers may be connected together via sutures stapler pins, glue or any combination thereof.
  • the asymmetrical ring, the anterior flexible leaflet and the posterior flexible leaflet, the at least two cords, the cap or any combination thereof may be made of bovine pericardium.
  • the leaflet shape may be extended by 1 - 5 mm to allow better coaptation and cord attachment.
  • the leaflet shape may be designed in a semicircular fashion along half of the length of the anterior flexible leaflet and the posterior flexible leaflet such that both leaflets create an‘S’ shaped seal when coapted.
  • the mitral valve may further comprise at least one secondary cord; wherein the at least one secondary cord may be attached on one end to a mid - section of the posterior leaflet and on the other end to a mid - section of the primary cord.
  • the at least two sets of cords may be attached to an opening of the cap, the opening located in the middle of the cap.
  • each of the at least two sets of cords may be attached to a mid-section of the anterior or posterior leaflet such to mimic a naturally occurring mitral valve.
  • the anterior and posterior leaflets may be made of a single unit, connected to the asymmetrical ring and attached to at least two sets of cords.
  • the mitral valve may further comprise an extension connected on one end to the anterior flexible leaflet and on the other end to at least two sets of cords, and configured to allow coaptation between the anterior flexible leaflet and the posterior flexible leaflet.
  • a mitral valve prosthesis to be transplanted in a heart may comprise:
  • an asymmetrical ring dimensioned to mimic a native mitral annulus of a patient;
  • the asymmetrical ring is constructed from a flexible material rolled onto itself towards an outer side of the valve; two leaflets suspended from the asymmetrical ring, said leaflets constructed on opposite sides of an incision made along a material similar to the material the asymmetrical ring is constructed from, wherein the incision creates an orifice through which blood flows in one direction;
  • each set of cords attached to one of the two leaflets on a first end, and attached into a bundle on a second end;
  • a cap to be connected to the at least two sets of cords on one end of the cap and configured to be sutured onto papillary muscles of the heart on another end of the cap.
  • each set of cords is attached to one of the two leaflets via extensions configured to allow coaptation between the two leaflets.
  • At least one part of the at least two sets of cords comprises, the patient’s own native mitral valve chordae.
  • At least one part of the at least two sets of cords comprises, the patient’s own native mitral valve chordae and at least a part of the patient’s own native leaflet.
  • the asymmetrical ring further comprises a radiopaque marker filament, the radiopaque marker filament is inserted inside the rolled flexible material.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis further comprises sutures made of radiopaque suture material, said sutures are formed through the ring .
  • a mitral valve prosthesis to be transplanted in a heart comprises an asymmetrical ring dimensioned to mimic a native mitral annulus of a patient; the asymmetrical ring is constructed from a flexible material rolled onto itself towards an outer side of the mitral valve; two leaflets suspended from the asymmetrical ring, said leaflets constructed on opposite sides of an incision made along a material similar to the material the asymmetrical ring is constructed from, wherein the incision creates an orifice through which blood flows in one direction; at least two sets of cords, each set of cords attached to one of the two leaflets on a first end, and attached into a bundle on a second end; and a cap to be connected to the at least two sets of cords on one end of the cap and configured to be sutured onto papillary muscles of the
  • each set of cords is attached to one of the two leaflets via extensions configured to allow coaptation between said two leaflets.
  • each said set of cords is comprised in part from the patient’s own native mitral valve cords.
  • a method of fabricating a mitral valve prosthesis may comprise:
  • measuring length of the required cords may be performed at the same time as measuring size and shape of a mitral valve of a subject.
  • the method may further comprise attaching extensions to each of the two leaflets to carry the cords prior to attaching the cords to one of two caps.
  • the method may further comprise adding a flexible material to the flexible ring, the flexible ring is formed from at least one layer of the flexible material and one layer of the material.
  • the method may further comprise adding a radiopaque material to the flexible ring, the flexible ring is formed from at least one layer of the radiopaque material and one layer of the material.
  • the flexible ring may be attached onto the leaflet using radiopaque suturing material.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB are schematics of embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A depicts a prosthetic mitral valve in an open position and shows chordae prior to attachment to the leaflets, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. IB depicts a prosthetic mitral valve in a closed position and shows chordae following attachment to the leaflets, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of the present invention implanted into the heart, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is an image of a 3D reconstruction of a mitral valve area in 3D CT image analysis software, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a photograph of a 3D printed valve mold and porcine pericardial mitral valve leaflets, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a photograph of a prosthetic valve under ex vivo testing, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 6A-6B are schematic illustrations of a side view of the anterior and posterior leaflets of a prosthetic mitral valve, and a top view of the leaflets when coapt with each other, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 6C is a schematic illustration of an upper view of the mitral valve prosthesis from the left atrium looking downwards towards the left ventricle (during diastole, when the valve is open to allow for blood to enter into the left heart ventricle), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
  • FIG. 6D is a schematic illustration of a single piece of material comprising the anterior and posterior leaflets, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 7A-7B are schematic illustrations of a cap for connecting the cords to the papillary muscles of the heart, and of a mitral valve prosthesis with two caps attached to the cords in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
  • FIGS. 8A-8B are schematic illustrations of possible locations of the cords with respect to a leaflet, and a cross section of the cords when attached to the leaflet, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIGS. 9A-9B are schematic illustrations of a prosthetic mitral valve having two leaflets attached, in an alternative design featuring a curved (ellipsoid/droplet) configuration, such to enlarge the coaptation surface, and a possible coaptation surface configuration, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a measured copy of a patient’ s mitral valve, derived from a 2D or 3D echocardiographic image, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the forming of a two leaflet prosthesis, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of an opening formed along a leaflets section, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of an echocardiography or MRI scan of a patient’s left heart chamber or ventricle, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 14A-14B are schematic illustrations of a patient’s left ventricle during diastole and during systole, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 15A-15B are schematic illustrations of extensions attached to the anterior leaflet and to the posterior leaflet, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIGs. 16A-16B are schematic illustrations of side-views of the mitral valve prosthesis with extensions and attached cords, during diastole and systole, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of the attachment of an asymmetrical flexible ring onto the perimeter of the valve prosthesis to mimic the native annulus, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;
  • FIGs. 18A-18E are schematic illustrations of an elastic material to be inserted into the rolled valve ring, before and after the ring is rolled over it, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating a mitral valve prosthesis, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB A mitral valve prosthesis of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1A and IB.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis 100 has a physiological shape that is similar to a natural human mitral valve.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis includes a flexible, asymmetrical ring 1 and two flexible, membrane-like leaflets 2 that are suspended from the asymmetrical ring 1.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis also includes two sets of cords 3 which mimic the chordae tendineae of the heart. Each set of cords 3 is configured to be attached to the margins and/or the bodies of the leaflets 2 at one end, and converge into a fixation cap 8 on the other end. Fixation caps 8 are configured to be sutured on to the papillary muscles of the left ventricle.
  • the mitral valve 100 is shown with the cords 3 unattached to the leaflets 2 in FIG. 1A and attached in FIG. IB.
  • the cords 3 may be attached to the leaflets 2 before surgery, or they may be attached during surgery.
  • attachments 9 between cords 3 and leaflets 2 may be sutures or they may be en-block engineered.
  • Mitral valve 100 is shown in an open state in FIG. 1A and a closed state in FIG. IB. In the closed state, leaflets 2 are shown to coapt.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates mitral valve 100 implanted into the heart.
  • the mitral valve 100 is shown implanted at the location of the native mitral annulus 12, with one side adjacent to the aortic valve 6, where the root of the aorta 7 connects with the left ventricle, and the other side against the opposing ventricular wall 5.
  • Cords 3 are shown attached to the papillary muscles 4.
  • Flexible ring 1 can be custom-made following an ultrasound examination of a patient's heart.
  • a three-dimensional echocardiography study can be performed to obtain detailed anatomical measurements and/or render a three dimensional model of the patient's heart from which a customized mitral valve can be produced.
  • Leaflets 2 and cords 3 can also be customized based upon ultrasound imaging of the subject's native mitral valve and surrounding anatomy.
  • Customized mitral valves can also be produced from data obtained by other imaging modalities which provide three- dimensional information, including cardiac CT and cardiac MRI.
  • mitral valve prostheses of the present invention can be selected or designed to match the patient's specific anatomy.
  • Flexible ring 1 can be formed from, for example, an elastic annuloplasty ring.
  • Leaflets 2 can be formed from natural material or biocompatible composite material which can resist clotting and function similarly to a patient's native anterior and posterior leaflets.
  • Cords 3 tethering the leaflets 2 to the papillary muscles of the patient, provide support to the left ventricular wall throughout the cardiac cycle and prevent the leaflets from opening into the atrium cavity.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis 100 including the flexible ring 1, leaflets 2, and cords 3, appears and behaves similar to a healthy, native mitral valve. Additionally, mitral valve prostheses of the present invention can be produced with natural materials and can avoid the inclusion of foreign material, such as pledgets. Homograft material and/or composite material, including various combinations of homograft, xenograft and/or autograft material, can be used to fabricate the flexible ring, leaflets, cords, and caps.
  • the material which forms the valve ring and the leaflets can include, but is not limited to, human, bovine or porcine pericardium, decellularized bioprosthetic material, woven biodegradable polymers incorporated with cells, and extracellular materials.
  • Biodegradable natural polymers can include, but are not limited tofibrin, collagen, chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronan, and similar materials thereof.
  • a biodegradable synthetic polymer scaffold that can be infiltrated with cells and extracellular matrix materials can include, but is not limited to, poly(L-lactide), polyglycolide, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(caprolactone), polyorthoesters, poly(dioxanone), poly(anhydrides), poly(trimethylene carbonate), polyphosphazenes, and similar materials thereof.
  • Flexible rings can be further customized to provide individualized flexibility or rigidity for the patient. Additionally, some components of the mitral valve prosthesis, including cords 3, can be fashioned intraoperatively by autologous pericardium of the patient.
  • a mitral valve prosthesis can be fabricated from the patient's own pericardium.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis can be fabricated from xenogeneic materials (e.g., animal tissues, such as existing valves) over which a layer of the patient's own cultured cells is applied by means of tissue engineering.
  • Mitral valve prostheses of the present invention can be fixed by non- glutaraldehyde-based methods, such as dye-mediated photofixation. Mitral valves of the present invention can also be fixed by using alternative cross-linking agents, such as epoxy compounds, carbodiimide, diglycidyl, reuterin, genipin, diphenylphosphorylazide, acyl azides, and cyanamide, or by physical methods, such as ultraviolet light and dehydration.
  • alternative cross-linking agents such as epoxy compounds, carbodiimide, diglycidyl, reuterin, genipin, diphenylphosphorylazide, acyl azides, and cyanamide
  • Mitral valve prostheses can be produced directly with biological three-dimensional (3D) printing using biological materials.
  • mitral valve prostheses, or some components of the prostheses can be produced using a template or mold constructed by three-dimensional printing, based on the detailed dimensions obtained from three- dimensional imaging performed pre-operatively.
  • a method of implanting a mitral valve prosthesis is also provided.
  • an echocardiography study or other imaging study
  • heart chamber sizes and movements are measured.
  • the detailed dimensions of the patient's mitral annulus, leaflets and cords are also measured from the acquired images.
  • a three- dimensional depiction of the valve to be replaced can be rendered. From the measurements and three- dimensional modeling of the patient's native valve, a mitral valve prosthesis can be produced that closely matches the patient's native mitral valve corrected for the existing pathology.
  • a three dimensional echocardiography study can be performed with, for example, a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe or a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) probe.
  • TTE transthoracic echocardiography
  • Segments of the mitral valve can be three-dimensionally and four-dimensionally modelled and measured using software such as eSieValves.TM. (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, Pa.).
  • Relevant measurements can include outer and inner diameters of the annulus, annular areas, intertrigonal and intercomm distances, and lengths along various axes of the anterior and posterior leaflets.
  • a three dimensional study of a mitral valve can be performed with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • CT computed tomography
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • FIG. 3 a 3D reconstruction of a porcine heart was obtained using CT imaging (SOMATOM.RTM. Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), with the mitral valve area of the heart visible on the right side of the image. Segmentation of the mitral valve area can be performed using the image analysis software and relevant measurements can be obtained.
  • the mitral valve prosthesis can be completely customized for a patient, with each component (e.g., ring, leaflets, cords, caps) fabricated to have dimensions that match those of the patient's native valve.
  • each component e.g., ring, leaflets, cords, caps
  • FIG. 4 a 3D printed mold of a mitral valve was created based on a 3D reconstruction of an imaged valve.
  • the 3D printed valve shown in FIG. 4 was modeled during the diastolic, or opening, phase of the cardiac cycle.
  • a prosthetic valve based on the 3D mold is also shown in FIG. 4.
  • the mold can guide the cutting of porcine pericardium into leaflets and chordae attachment sites.
  • a prefabricated mitral valve, or prefabricated components of a mitral valve can be selected for implantation that are closest in shape and size to the patient's native valve or native valve components.
  • FIG. 5 shows an image of a prosthetic valve prototype sutured in an ex vivo testing system.
  • the valve prototype is shown sutured to an explanted whole heart. Saline boluses are injected through a tube into the left ventricle of the heart with the aorta clamped to contain the saline in the left ventricle and to create pressure.
  • the injection pressure can be monitored, for example, on a pressure gauge connected to the injection line.
  • the competency of the valve prototype e.g., absence of regurgitation and prolapse of the valve leaflets
  • Competency of the valve can be measured or monitored while the left ventricle is contracting and at the systolic pressure at which a native valve closes.
  • FIGS. 6A-6B are schematic illustrations of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets of a prosthetic mitral valve, and the leaflets when coapt with each other, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the prosthetic mitral valve may be prosthetic mitral valve 600.
  • valve 600 may comprise two leaflets, for example, anterior mitral leaflet 602A and posterior mitral leaflet 602P.
  • Each of the mitral valve posterior and anterior leaflets 602P and 602A, respectively, may be designed and created pre operation as a monocoque (single piece) to fit the patient’s specific physiology and anatomy based on a cross sectional image of the heart of the patient.
  • Measurements taken from the patient’s own heart may be used to determine each of the leaflet’s e.g., 602A, 602P length, width, and height such that each leaflet is substantially the same as the patient’s natural leaflets.
  • Each of the leaflets may be shaped to include chordae (e.g., chords 604, 606, 608, 610) and additional material so as to form a ring portion (e.g., anterior ring portion 601A and posterior ring portion 601P).
  • the length of the chordae may be determined by the surgeon to fit the patient as is further described below.
  • the leaflets may be cut from a single piece of material using a knife or scissors and may be sutured by the surgeon during the mitral valve replacement operation to form a mitral valve, which resembles the patient’s natural mitral valve.
  • the anterior leaflet (AL) height may be around 30mm
  • the AL length may be around 45mm
  • the posterior Leaflet (PL) height may be around 15 mm
  • the posterior leaflet length may be around 60mm.
  • the medical community refers to 630A as the height of anterior leaflet 602A
  • 63 OP as the height of posterior leaflet 602P
  • the length of each leaflet is referred to as the potion of the perimeter of the leaflet, e.g., 632A refers to the length of anterior leaflet 602A
  • 632P refers to the length of posterior leaflet 602P.
  • cutting each of leaflets 602A and 602P separately from the same or different pieces of material, as well as cutting each of the ring portions 601A and 60 IP, separately, may ease on the person, e.g., the surgeon, who is preparing the prosthetic mitral valve for implantation. Cutting the leaflets as two separate portions as well as cutting the ring portions as two separate portions, and attaching the leaflets to the ring and further attaching cords to each leaflet, shortens the preparation time and the time needed to perform the surgical procedure of implanting the prosthetic valve compared to when the leaflets and cords are cut from a single piece of material as a single unit.
  • Cutting the leaflets and cords as a single unit and implanting a single piece prosthetic is more complex and time consuming than the methodology disclosed herein due to the high accuracy required in cutting the leaflets and each of the cords, while maintaining the connection between the leaflets portion and the cords portion intact.
  • each of ring portions 601A and 601P is created through rolling of each leaflet posterior side, such that each leaflet posterior side is folded or rolled onto itself (e.g., rolled anterior section 605A, and rolled posterior section 605P), towards the outer side of valve 600.
  • the size of the posterior end of each leaflet may be increased by 5 - 10 mm of additional material, which may be used when rolling the posterior end of the leaflet onto itself to create the ring portion (such as ring portion 601 A in the anterior mitral leaflet and ring portion 60 IP in the posterior mitral leaflet).
  • Rolling or folding the ring (or each ring portion 601 A and 60 IP) onto itself towards the outer side of valve 600 may assist in avoiding the creation of clots at the inner side of valve 600, and if clots are to be created, they would only appear on the outer side of valve 600 at the area of the fold or roll of the ring or ring portion, which poses less risk of damaging the efficient operation of valve 600.
  • the ring (or each ring portion 601 A and 60 IP) may be further strengthened by the additional of strips of material (not shown) such as suitable biomedical fibers or polymers.
  • Such strips may be made from pieces of material from which valve 600 is made and dimensioned to fit within each ring portion 601 A, 60 IP.) Preferably such strips have a width of l-3mm and length of 10-20mm. Such strips of material may be added to the valve 600 when each ring portion 601 A, 60 IP is rolled, said strips are placed within each ring portion 601A, 60 IP. These strips of material may be elastic and may be made of various compositions, such as biocompatible rubbers, recoiling metal wires or synthetic materials.
  • leaflet 602A may be in the shape of a half ellipsoid or plano-convex shape, while leaflet 602P may have a plano-concave shape.
  • valve 600 may comprise at least two sets of cords. In some embodiments, each of the at least two sets of cords is attached to a mid-section of a respective leaflet such to mimic a native mitral valve.
  • leaflet 602A may comprise at least one set of cords 603A, which may be connected to a mid-section of leaflet 602A on one end of leaflet 602A, which is typically opposite the end where ring portion 601 A is connected to leaflet 602A.
  • the at least one set of cords 603A may comprise at least two sub-sets of cords, for example, sub-set of cords 604 and sub-set of cords 606.
  • these sub-sets of cords 604 and 606 are spaced such that a gap of about 3-5 millimeters is maintained between the two sub-sets of cords to enable a more efficient coaptation.
  • the gap between the sub-sets of chords 604 and 606 also serves to create a more homogenous distribution of tension on the leaflets, and potentially diminishes wear and tear.
  • These sub-sets of cords 604 and 606 may be connected to different and separate caps for connecting the sub-set of cords to papillary muscles of the heart, as will be explained in detail with respect to FIGS. 7A-7B.
  • leaflet 602P may comprise at least one set of cords 603P, which may be connected to a mid-section of leaflet 602P on one end of leaflet 602P, which is typically opposite the end where ring portion 60 IP is connected to leaflet 602P.
  • the at least one set of cords 603P may comprise at least two sub-sets of cords, for example, sub-set of cords 608 and sub-set of cords 610. These sub-sets of cords 608 and 610 are spaced such that a gap of about 5-8 millimeters is maintained is maintained between the two sub-sets of cords to enable a more efficient coaptation. These sub-sets of cords 608 and 610 may be connected to different and separate caps for connecting the sub-set of cords to papillary muscles of the heart, as will be explained in detail with respect to FIGS. 7A-7B.
  • the width of cords 603A and/or cords 603P may be between 1mm to 2mm, though other widths may be implemented.
  • posterior mitral leaflet 602P may be connected on one side to a ring portion 60 IP of an asymmetrical ring . Once ring portion 601 A is attached, e.g., via sutures, fasteners, etc. to ring portion 60 IP, a complete asymmetrical and flexible ring may be formed.
  • the sutures used to attach ring portion 601 A to the patient’s annulus are comprised of radiopaque material.
  • interchodal distance in anterior Mitral Leaflet 634A may be between 8- 10mm. In some embodiments, interchodal distance in posterior Mitral Leaflet 634A may be between 10- 15mm. in some embodiments, interchodal distance between the anterior and posterior leaflet in the commissure area, noted as distance 636 and/or 638 may be between 5-7mm.
  • anterior leaflet 602A may be connected to posterior leaflet 602P, and ring portion 601 A may be connected to ring portion 60 IP in order to construct prosthetic mitral valve 600.
  • An orifice 620 that is created between leaflet 602A and leaflet 602P once leaflet 602A is connected to leaflet 602P, may enable flow of blood in one direction, i.e., from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Accordingly, the orifice 620 created between leaflet 602A and leaflet 602P may be configured to prohibit backflow, i.e., from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
  • Leaflet 602A, leaflet 602P and the way these leaflets are connected to one another with a certain coaptation, as well as ring portion 601 A and ring portion 60 IP may be configured to mimic the shape, size and thus function of a natural human mitral valve.
  • ring portion 601 A may be configured to mimic the anterior annulus
  • ring portion 60 IP may be configured to mimic the posterior annulus of a natural mitral valve.
  • each leaflet may comprise a shape that is extended by approximately 1 - 5 mm located between the ring portions and the cords, in order to allow better coaptation between the two leaflets and better cord attachment to each of the leaflets.
  • anterior leaflet 602A may comprise at least two sub-sets of cords, e.g., sub-set of cords 604 and sub-set of cords 606, which may be connected to leaflet 602A on different ends of leaflet 602A.
  • posterior leaflet 602P may comprise at least two sub sets of cords, e.g., sub-set of cords 608 and sub-set of cords 610, which may be connected on different ends of leaflet 602P.
  • the cords should be connected to the papillary muscles of the heart. More specifically, in a natural human mitral valve, each sub-set of cords is attached to a different area of the papillary muscles.
  • prosthetic valve 600 may comprise at least two sub-sets of cords per each leaflet, whereby each sub-set of cords is to be attached to a different papillary muscle area such as to closely mimic the configuration and thus operation of a natural mitral valve.
  • each sub-set of cords may be connected to the papillary muscles via caps in order to ensure an easy yet sufficiently stable and durable attachment between any sub-set of cords and the papillary muscles.
  • the number of cords in each sub-set of cords, e.g., 604, 606, 608 and 610 may be different or the same.
  • each sub-set of cords may include at least two cords.
  • the two-piece valve of the present disclosure may guarantee longer coaptation length between the leaflets, and allows for an exact carbon-copy, one-to-one reproduction of the subject’s own valve from a 3D ultrasound short - axis view.
  • FIG. 6C is a schematic illustration of an upper view of the mitral valve prosthesis from the left atrium looking downwards towards the left ventricle, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the posterior leaflet 602P may be attached to anterior leaflet 602A via attachment lines, e.g., suturing lines 609.
  • ring portion 601A may be attached to ring portion 601P, e.g., along lines 609, and may be rolled onto itself towards the outer side of valve 600.
  • anterior leaflet 602A may comprise two sub-set of cords, e.g., sub set 604 and 606, whereby each of these sub sets of cords may be connected to a different papillary muscle 720 via a separate cap element 700.
  • posterior leaflet 602P may comprise two sub-sets of cords 608 and 610, whereby each sub set of cords may be attached to the papillary muscles 720 via a different cap element 700.
  • anterior cords 604 may be connected via a first cap 700 to a first papillary muscle 720
  • posterior cords 608 may also be connected via the same first cap 700 to the same first papillary muscle.
  • anterior cords 606 may be connected via a second cap 700 to a second papillary muscle 720, while posterior cords 610 may also be connected via the same second cap 700 to the same second papillary muscle.
  • leaflets 602P and 602A may be cut from a single monocoque and connection, e.g., suturing to form the complete valve may be performed along suturing lines 609.
  • the cords may be adjusted per the individual optimal cord length of the recipient/patient, based on preoperative scans of the patient.
  • FIGS. 7A-7B are schematic illustrations of a cap for connecting the cords to the papillary muscles of the heart, and of a mitral valve prosthesis with two caps attached to the cords, respectively, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the shape of cap 700 when in a layout configuration may be in the shape of an arc.
  • the shape of cap 700 in closed configuration may resemble the shape of a tapered cone having a small opening 730 at its top end 702 and a wider opening at its bottom end 704, whereby the ends of the arc may be sutured to one another or one on top of the other, using surgical suturing 706, such to create the closed configuration.
  • Sutures 706 may be performed prior to placing the cap 700 on top of pupillary muscles 720.
  • cap 700 may measure anywhere between 5mm to 10 mm in diameter and 5-10 mm height.
  • cap 700 may be made of a single piece of material in the shape of a cap, while according to other embodiments, cap 700 may be made of two open leaflets or pieces of the same material that are to be sewn together and onto the papillary muscle at once.
  • a suture may begin on one side of the two pieces of material of cap 700, and exit through a portion of cap 700, such to attach cap 700 onto the papillary muscle, and so on, until the two parts of cap 700 are fully connected to one another and to the papillary muscles of the heart.
  • cap 700 of the prosthetic valve 600 may be formed by rolling pericardium (e.g., from human source, bovine or porcine) to a closed configuration. In some other configurations the cap may be formed by a biomedical polymer. In some embodiments, the size of cap 700 may be 5mm over 5mm. In some embodiments, the chordae of the prosthetic mitral valve may be made of the same material as that of the leaflet and/or cap.
  • the chordae may be chordae taken from the same source from which cap 700, anterior leaflet 602A and posterior leaflet 602P are taken from, e.g., the same animal, for example the same cow, for adding the benefit of having the same cellular structure and same origin as cap 700, anterior leaflet 602A and posterior leaflet 602P.
  • cords such as sub-set cords 604, 608, may be connected to the cap 700 using sutures 710, which may connect together the cords, cap 700 and pupillary muscle 720.
  • sutures 710 may connect together the cords, cap 700 and pupillary muscle 720.
  • cap opening 730 may enable achieving a good fit between cap 700 and the papillary muscle 720, since cap opening 730 makes it possible to adjust the shape of the cap to that of the papillary muscle 720.
  • cap 700 may be attached, e.g., via sutures 710, to sub-set cords 604, and 608 on one of its ends, while cap 700 may be attached, e.g., via sutures 706 to the papillary muscles of the heart from another, typically opposite end of cap 700, which is in close proximity to bottom end 704.
  • Cap 700 may be connected to the papillary muscles 720 through the entire circumference of bottom end 704 of cap 700, though in some embodiments, cap 700 may be connected to the papillary muscles 720 via specific portions along the circumference of bottom end 704 of cap 700.
  • the cords may be connected to each other such to form a bundle of cords.
  • the cords may be connected as a bundle at the end of the cords that is to be connected to cap 700 (e.g., the end of sub-set cords 604 and 608, connected to leaflet 602).
  • connecting the cords, e.g., sub-set cords 604 and 608, to the papillary muscles 720 via cap 700 is easier than connecting the cords to the papillary muscles 720 directly, since it would require a more extensive attachment procedure.
  • the attachment method is suturing
  • suturing each one of the cords to the papillary muscles 720 is more complex and time consuming compared to suturing the cords to the laid out cap 700 and suturing cap 700, which is one single large piece, onto the papillary muscles 720.
  • a cardiopulmonary bypass also commonly known as a heart-lung machine, it is preferable to conduct the mitral valve replacement with expediency.
  • FIG. 7A shows only two sub-set cords 604, and two sub-sets cords 608 attached to cap 700, it should be appreciated that additional cords may be connected to cap 700.
  • Sub-set cords 604, 608 may comprise one or more cords. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6C, four cords 604 from the right scallop of the anterior mitral leaflet 602A and four cords 608 from the left scallop of the posterior mitral leaflet 602P are connected to cap 700.
  • each of the sub-set of cords 604, 606, 608 and 610 may be connected to cap 700 along the external side of cap 700.
  • the cords or at least some of the cords of the prosthetic valve may be attached to cap 700 via opening 730, which may be located at the middle of cap 700. That is, the cords may pass through opening 730 and may be attached to the inner side of cap 700.
  • each sub-set of cords 604, 606, 608 and 610 may first be connected to each other to form a bundle and may then be connected to cap 700.
  • a prosthesis mitral valve 600 may comprise flexible asymmetrical ring 601 attached to two leaflets (e.g., leaflets 602A and 602P).
  • each of the two leaflets may have attached a set of cords, e.g., sub-sets cords 604 (not shown), 606 (not shown), 608 and 610.
  • each set of cords per each of the two leaflets may be attached to a single cap 700, whereas each cap 700 may connect the mitral valve prosthesis 600 to papillary muscles 720 of the heart, via connection of each sub-set of cords 610 to their respective cap 700.
  • each sub-set of cords 604 (not shown), 606 (not shown), 608 and 610 may be made of the same piece of material as the material that anterior and posterior leaflets are made of.
  • Such cords which each may be considered as an extension of leaflets 602A and 602P, may be referred to as primary cords.
  • further cords may be attached to both the anterior leaflet 602A and posterior leaflet 602P.
  • Each of these secondary cords may be made from a different and separate piece of material from that used to construct the leaflets and primary cords.
  • the secondary cords may be configured to connect the bottom side of each of leaflets 602A and 602P to a point along a primary cord.
  • the point of connection of a secondary cord along a primary cord may be the middle of the primary cord, though other locations along the primary cord may be implemented as points of connection so as to achieve better coaptation of the leaflets.
  • a secondary cord may typically be sutured on one of its ends to the anterior leaflet 602A or posterior leaflet 602P and on its other end, the secondary cord may be sutured to the primary cord.
  • the purpose of the secondary cords is to provide additional support for the prosthetic valve against the pressure applied onto the ventricular side of the prosthetic valve during systole phase.
  • FIGS. 8A-8B are schematic illustrations of possible locations of secondary cords with respect to posterior leaflet, and a cross section of the primary and secondary cords when attached to the posterior leaflet, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • posterior leaflet 602P may be rolled on its posterior end to form ring 601. in some embodiments, posterior mitral leaflet 602P may be divided into several areas. Areas 812 and 814 may be areas at which secondary cords, e.g., cords 603, may be connected to. However, there may be an area 816 along posterior leaflet 602P, which should be cords free, i.e., no secondary cords should be connected to area 816.
  • area 816 is an area where high pressure is applied onto once posterior leaflet 602P is connected to the heart as part of a prosthetic valve during the ventricular systole.
  • area 816 may include approximately 2-5mm to the right of the middle line 810 of posterior leaflet 602P, and approximately 2-5mm to the left of the middle line 810 of posterior leaflet 602P.
  • area 816 may be 3 mm to the right and 3 mm to the left of the middle line 810 of posterior leaflet 602P.
  • the secondary cords may be designed to assist in providing additional support to the posterior leaflet 602P when the pressure gradient is increased during the ventricular systole.
  • the secondary cords 603 should not reach the ends of areas 812 and 814 of posterior leaflet 602P, when in laid out configuration. In some embodiments, no cords should be connected to the ends of areas 812 and 814, which are in close proximity to ring 601. For example, the cords may be located along either of areas 812 and 814 along approximately 20 degrees to 70 degrees of the entire posterior leaflet 602P layout, with respect to the middle line 810 of posterior leaflet 602P. Other than that, the areas of posterior leaflet 602P which are located between middle line 810 and about 15-20 degrees from either side of middle line 810 may remain free of secondary cords.
  • FIG. 8B schematically illustrates a cross section of the posterior mitral valve showing the primary and secondary cords when attached to posterior leaflet 602P.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates primary cords 608, which are made of the same piece of material as the leaflets.
  • Primary cords 608, which extend from posterior leaflet 602P on one of their ends are attached to cap 700 on their other end.
  • primary cords 608 may be connected to one another such to form a bundle (not shown), which may then be connected to the external side of cap 700.
  • Cap 700 may then be connected to papillary muscles 720.
  • primary cords 608 may be connected to secondary cords 603, whereby each of the secondary cords 603 may be connected to posterior leaflet 602P on one end, e.g., end 823, and to a point of contact along a primary cord on the opposite end of each of the secondary cords 603, e.g., end 825.
  • the secondary cords 603 should be around 30-40% thicker and wider compared with the primary cords 608.
  • anywhere from one to four secondary cords can be used for each leaflet scallop of the posterior mitral leaflet (602P).
  • FIG. 9A-9B are schematic illustrations of a prosthetic mitral valve having two leaflets attached in an alternative design featuring a curved (ellipsoid/droplet) configuration, such to enlarge the coaptation surface, and a possible coaptation surface configuration, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a prosthetic mitral valve 1100 may comprise two leaflets, e.g., anterior leaflet 1602A and posterior leaflet 1602P, whereby each of the leaflets 1602A and 1602P may have a semi-circular shape and together these two leaflets may create the 'yin and yang' shape.
  • the leaflets shape may be designed in a semicircular fashion along half of the length of each leaflet such that both leaflets create an 'S' shaped seal when coapted.
  • each of the leaflets may comprise a respective ring, e.g., ring 601A and ring 601P, which may be formed by rolling onto itself an end of the material from which each of the leaflets is constructed.
  • prosthetic valve 1100 may comprise two types of cords; primary cords and secondary cords.
  • a primary cord may be constructed as an extension to either the anterior or posterior leaflets 1602A and 1602P, respectively. That is, a primary cord, e.g., primary cords 1102A and 1102P may be constructed from the same piece of material as the respective leaflet, anterior leaflet 1602A and posterior leaflet 1602P.
  • Primary cords 1102A and/or 1102P may extend on one end from the mid-section of a respective leaflet and may be connected on the other end to a cap.
  • secondary cords e.g., cords 1104P
  • the secondary cords, e.g., cord 1104P may be connected on one end to the mid-section of the posterior leaflet 1602P, and on the other end to the mid-section of a primary cord 1102P.
  • the secondary cords 1104P may be added in order to better mimic the native mitral valve, which includes additional shorter cords connecting between the posterior leaflet and the posterior primary cords.
  • secondary cords may allow the posterior leaflet to withstand the pressure applied onto the posterior leaflet during systole phase, and to create appropriate coaptation (or closure) of the leaflets during systole phase of the heart cycle, and further to allow the leaflets to open during diastole phase.
  • posterior leaflet 1602P may have attached a secondary cord 1104P on the posterior edge of leaflet 1602P.
  • the secondary cord 1104P may further be connected to the mid section of a primary cord 1102P.
  • each bundle of cords and/or each cord may be attached to a cap, e.g., cap 700, which may connect the cords to the papillary muscles of the heart.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a measured copy of a patient’ s mitral valve, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • measurements of length, width and heights of the leaflets section may be obtained via echocardiography, though other imaging methods may be used, e.g., cardiac CT, or cardiac MRI, and so on.
  • the dimensions and shape of a prosthetic mitral valve 1200 may be substantially an exact copy of a patient’s natural or native mitral valve.
  • FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the forming of a two-leaflet prosthesis, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the basis of the valve i.e., the leaflets section may be cut out of a single piece of material 1210, based on the cross-sectional image of the heart of the intended recipient, as illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • the size of the leaflets section may be cut in a way such to replicate the prosthesis image in a 1 : 1 scale, and an incision 1220 may be made along the middle of the leaflet section, in crescent or semicircular form, in order to provide for the opening 1230, and the definition of the two leaflets, e.g., anterior leaflet 1202A, and posterior leaflet 1202P, as illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 12 schematically illustrates an opening formed along a leaflets section, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • an opening or orifice 1230 may be formed (e.g., cut) in single piece of material 1210, and two leaflets 1202A and 1202P may be formed on opposite sides of opening 1230.
  • the two leaflets e.g., anterior leaflet 1202A and posterior leaflet 1202P may be in the form of flaps that collapse into orifice 1230, thus further creating a single -directional flow of blood through orifice 1230, i.e., from the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart.
  • FIG. 13 schematically illustrates an echocardiography or MRI scan of a patient’s left heart chamber or ventricle, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a patient’s left ventricle 1500 may be imaged or scanned by echocardiography, CT or MRI, or other imaging techniques.
  • Such an image or scan of the left ventricle 1500 may provide the exact or substantially exact length of the required patient’s cords, from the tip of the papillary muscles 1520 to the valve leaflets 1502A and 1502P. This enables fabricating a customized prosthesis mitral valve per patient's anatomical and physiological requirements.
  • FIGS. 14A-14B are schematic illustrations of a patient’s left ventricle during diastole and during systole, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the left ventricle during systole phase i.e., left ventricle 1610
  • the left ventricle during systole phase may comprise a smaller annulus diameter 1640 compared to the annulus diameter 1650 of the left ventricle 1612 during diastole phase, illustrated in FIG. 14A.
  • left ventricle 1612 may become fdled with blood, and thus the annulus diameter 1650 becomes large.
  • left ventricle 1610 After blood flows from the left ventricle to the patient’s body blood system, such to reach the organs, blood leaves left ventricle 1610 during systole phase.
  • the volume of left ventricle 1610 during systole is smaller compared to that of left ventricle 1612 during diastole, which causes annulus diameter 1640 during systole phase to be smaller compared to the annulus diameter 1650 during diastole.
  • annulus and the leaflets 1502A and 1502P are required to enable flexibility when repeatedly changing their diameter and size during the reoccurring phases of the heart’s function (i.e., systole and diastole), it should be clear that the annulus and leaflets are desired to be made of an elastic material, as the tissue that the natural mitral valve is made of. Accordingly, a prosthesis with no stents, no metal rings, and no rigid material is disclosed, and a certain amount of compliance and elasticity is required by the materials selected for manufacturing the leaflets 1502A and 1502P and the ring. [110] FIGS.
  • the anterior leaflet 1202A may comprise an extension 1703 which comprises additional material to extend the size of anterior leaflet 1202A.
  • the extension 1703 is dimensioned at about 1-5 mm in length and a width of substantially the incision made to form the anterior leaflet (e.g. incision 1220 of Fig. 11).
  • the extension 1703 is sutured on one end to the edge of the anterior leaflet 1202A (see incision 1220 of Fig. 11) and on the other end would comprise cords 1704 which may resemble cords 604, 606 of Fig, 6A.
  • the posterior leaflet 1202P may comprise an extension 1709 which comprises additional material to extend the size of anterior leaflet 1202P.
  • the extension 1709 is dimensioned at about 1-5 mm in length and a width of substantially the incision made to form the anterior leaflet (e.g. incision 1220 of Fig. 11).
  • the extension 1709 is sutured on one end to the edge of the anterior leaflet 1202P (see incision 1220 of Fig. 11) and on the other end would comprise cords 1708 which may resemble cords 608, 610 of Fig, 6A.
  • the posterior leaflet 1202P has attached an extension 1709 on one end (the leaflet end) and cords 1708 on the other end.
  • the cords 1708 are connected on one end to the extension 109 and on the other end to the cap 1870, which may resemble in structure the cap described in connection with Fig. 7A.
  • the anterior leaflet 1202A has attached an extension 1703 on one end (the leaflet end) and cords 1704 on the other end.
  • the cords 1704 are connected on one end to the extension 1703 and on the other end to the cap 1870, which may resemble in structure the cap described in connection with Fig. 7A.
  • cords 1704 and 1708 may comprise several cords also described herein as primary cords, e.g., four primary cords, though any other number of cords may be implemented depending on the specific requirements for each patient.
  • cords may also comprise secondary cords (not shown) as described herein above.
  • FIGS. 16A-16B are schematic illustrations of side-views of the mitral valve prosthesis with extensions and attached cords, during diastole and systole, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 16A a side view of the mitral valve prosthesis showing the profile of the mitral valve prosthesis when the heart is in the diastole
  • Fig. 16B a side view of the mitral valve prosthesis when the heart is in diastole.
  • Anterior leaflet 1202A and posterior leaflet 1202P located at a distance from one another, in order to enable blood to flow through the orifice between leaflets 1202A and 1202P into the left ventricle extensions 1703, 1709 enable the valve prosthesis to have an enhanced coaptation profile.
  • Each of leaflets 1202A and 1202P may have attached extensions 1703, 1709 providing additional material to the anterior and posterior leaflets provide the necessary coaptation during systole so as to prevent backflow of blood into the atria and to provide support to the left ventricle during systole.
  • extension 1703 and extension 1709 are prepared of different size (e.g. length, width and shape).
  • the cords 1704, 1708 may be bundled and secured together through suturing, prior to being attached to the cap 1870.
  • Extensions 1703 and 1709 respectively, which are configured to carry respective cords (1704, 1708), which are to resemble the cords of the native heart valve, and which are supposed to be inserted into the heart chamber and be attached onto the heart wall muscles or papillary muscles.
  • extension 1703 may carry cords or cords set 1704
  • extension 1709 may carry cords or cords set 1708.
  • Each of the at least two cords may be connected on another end (opposite the end connected to each of the extensions) to a cap 1870, which is configured to attach the valve to the papillary muscles.
  • the leaflets 1202A and 1202P, as well as the respective extensions 1703 and 1709 are located at a distance from one another, to enable blood flow in one direction, towards the left ventricle from the left atrium.
  • the leaflets 1202A and 1202P, as well as their respective extensions 1703 and 1709 are located in close proximity to one another, to prohibit backflow or leakage of blood in the opposite direction, i.e., from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
  • the extension, e.g., extensions 1703 and 1709 provide the necessary coaptation or closure of the valve in order to disable leakage of backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the eft atrium.
  • the extensions may be cut to fit the edges of the leaflet and measure a different width, of no less than 5mm to ensure sufficient coaptation.
  • the extensions are to be attached to the leaflet by being sutured, glued, stapled, or otherwise attached to the edges of the leaflets.
  • the cords e.g., cords 1704 and 1708 may be individually attached, e.g., sutured, to the heart chamber wall or to the papillary muscle, or may be bundled together, e.g., in pairs, tetrads, and so on, depending on the design determined as optimal per the specific patient.
  • the cords may be asymmetric. That is, the cords may vary in size, as the left heart chamber has two papillary muscles, and the cords arising from various points of the leaflet extensions may comprise different length and distance from the top edge of those muscles. Thus, each cord or cord bundle may have an individualized, different length compared to the others. This will ensure perfect closure and sufficient coaptation length of the prosthesis valve.
  • the cords e.g., cords 1704 and 1708, which arise from the leaflet extensions, e.g., extensions 1703 and 1709, respectively, may be distributed along the edge of the anterior and posterior leaflet extensions, so as to distribute tension evenly along the margin of those leaflets, when the valve moves in-vivo, therefore reduce wear and tear of the prosthesis valve.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of the attachment of an asymmetrical flexible ring onto the perimeter of the valve prosthesis to mimic the native annulus, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a flexible ring 1901 may be formed by rolling a piece of elongated material onto itself and closing it into a ring shape, or by rolling a piece of material with a hole in the middle onto itself, towards the outside of the material.
  • the rolled ring 1901 may be attached to the perimeter of the mitral valve prosthesis 1200 to allow surgical attachment, e.g., suturing to the patient's annulus, to allow better stiffness of the annulus, and in case an elastic material is used to provide better elasticity during the heart cycle of changing between systole and diastole.
  • the rolled ring 1901 may fit the perimeter of the initially cut valve 1200 (FIG. 10).
  • the suturing material used for surgical attachment to form the ring shape is a radiopaque material.
  • the suturing material used for surgical attachment to attach the mitral valve prothesis to the patient’s annulus is a radiopaque material.
  • the outer ring reinforcement 1901 may be made of an elastic material comprising variable elasticity, to allow for variable dilation and contraction of the prosthesis valve during the heart cycle of diastole and systole, respectively.
  • the elasticity of ring 1901 may be derived from continuous study of the movement of the patient’s native annulus based on 3D echocardiography studies.
  • the reinforcement ring 19010 may be exposed to the blood environment inside the heart, or may be rolled into a sandwich engulfing the elastic material, which may be made from the same material as the leaflets surrounding it.
  • the prosthesis valve 1200 may comprise cords 1704 and 1706, which may be attached to anterior leaflet 1202A (via or without extensions), and cords 1708 and 1710, which may be attached to posterior leaflet 1202P (via or without extensions).
  • the cords may be attached to at least two caps configured to attach the valve 1200 to the papillary muscles of the heart, thus enable a suitable attachment of the mitral prosthesis valve 1200 to the left ventricle of a patient, per the specific anatomical and physiological requirements of the specific patient.
  • FIGS. 18A-18E are schematic illustrations of an elastic material to be inserted into the rolled valve ring before and after the ring is rolled over it, respectively, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a valve ring 2201 may comprise the addition of an elastic material 2205, which may be inserted within ring 2201 such that ring 2201 is rolled over the elastic material 2205, and the elastic material 2205 is “sandwiched” within ring 2201.
  • the addition of elastic material 2205 within ring 2201 is for providing extra elasticity to ring 2201, which may assist in better mimicking the elastic character of a natural mitral valve.
  • elastic material 2205 may be rubber or any other biocompatible synthetic material.
  • the shape of elastic material 2205 is similar to the shape of ring 2201 into which it is inserted, in order to enable an easy insertion of elastic material 2205 into ring 2201.
  • ring 2201 (which may be made of the same material as the leaflets or may be made from an alternative material extension attached to the outer rims of the leaflets) may be rolled over elastic material 2205, towards the inner side of the synthetic valve, e.g., toward incision 2220, which may be made along the middle of the leaflet section, in crescent or semicircular form, in order to provide for an opening between the two leaflets defined by incision 2220, e.g., anterior leaflet 2202A, and posterior leaflet 2202P.
  • Incision 2220 is in fact the actual mitral valve prosthesis orifice through which blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
  • the outer margins of the mitral valve prosthesis may comprise ring 2201, then connected to ring 2201 is the main surface of the leaflets, e.g., leaflets 2201A and 2202P, which are then connected to the papillary muscles through cap 2270 via cords, e.g., cord 2204.
  • the elastic material 2205 is made in part or in whole of a radiopaque marker filament 2240.
  • a radiopaque marker filament 2240 is added and is placed inside the ring 2201 alongside the elastic material 2205.
  • the radiopaque marker filament 2240 may be placed inside the elastic material 2205 or as a separate component placed along-side the elastic material 2205.
  • the radiopaque marker filament may be sutured into position using a polypropylene suture material 2242 within ring 2201 such that the ring 2201 is rolled over the radiopaque marker filament, and the radiopaque marker filament is“sandwiched” within ring 2201.
  • both the radiopaque marker filament and the elastic material 2205 are“sandwiched” together.
  • the radiopaque marker filament 2240 is sutured to the rim of the ring 2201 without the need for rolling the ring 2201.
  • the radiopaque marker filament may be sutured into position using a suture a circular suture 2244 or a horizontal suture 2246.
  • the radiopaque marker filament 2240 may preferably be made of platinum, platinum-iridium, gold, nitinol, tungsten or palladium.
  • the use of radiopaque marker 2240 as described herein above is useful in any future intervention necessary, for example, in a valve-in-valve for trans-catheter prosthesis implantation.
  • the existence of a radiopaque marker in the ring 2201 or attached to the ring 2201 would provide guidance to physicians and identification of the mitral valve annulus due to its visibility under conventional imaging scans (e.g. CT, MRI, X-ray).
  • one or more small pieces of native mitral valve leaflet 2250, 2252 are harvested from the patient preop, during excision of the native mitral valve.
  • the healthy portions of the patient’s native mitral valve are identified by the surgeon, are excised together with the attached portions of healthy chordae 2254, 2256.
  • the one or more healthy excised native mitral pieces of native mitral valve leaflet section 2250, 2252 with their attached chordae 2254, 2256 are then preserved and are attached, for example, to the mitral valve prosthesis posterior leaflet 2202.
  • the one or more healthy excised native mitral pieces of native mitral valve leaflet section 2250, 2252 may be connected to the posterior leaflet through suturing or gluing.
  • the chordae 2254, 2256 are also attached to the patient’s pupillary muscles 2270 as is described herein.
  • the excised native mitral valve leaflet and chordae excised will depend on the patient’s own condition, such that patient’s having more healthy tissue would benefit from autologous material used in the construction of their own mitral valve prothesis.
  • Such additional excised native mitral valve leaflet and chordae will support as secondary cords for the mitral valve prosthesis described herein and enable the reduction of shear stress on said prosthesis resulting in longer durability and life span for the prosthesis.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating a mitral valve prosthesis, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • method 2000 for fabricating a mitral valve prosthesis customized per patient may comprise operation 2002, which may comprise measuring size and shape of a mitral valve of a patient, via imaging methods. Imaging methods by which the shape and size of a specific patient's mitral valve is measured, may be echocardiography, cardiac CT, cardiac MRI, and any other imaging method.
  • Method 2000 may further comprise operation 2004 of cutting a replica of the mitral valve of a patient from a single piece of material, in a 1 : 1 scale.
  • method 2000 may comprise operation 2006 of cutting an incision along the single piece of material, thus creating an orifice for blood flow and creating two leaflets, one on each side of the orifice.
  • Method 2000 may comprise operation 2008 of measuring length of required cords via imaging methods, which may be similar to the imaging methods of measuring the shape and size of the mitral valve, as in operation 2002.
  • method 2000 may further comprise operation 2010 of attaching the cords to one of two caps, which are configured to attach the cords to the papillary muscles of the heart.
  • method 2000 may comprise operation 2012, which may comprise attaching a flexible ring onto the leaflets, thereby creating the entire mitral valve prosthesis, which mimics the native mitral valve per specific patient.
  • method 2000 may further comprise an optional operation, which may comprise attaching extensions to each of the two leaflets to carry the cords, as measured in operation 2008. These extensions may assist in providing proper coaptation and closure during systole phase of the heart cycle.
  • any of the disclosed anterior and posterior leaflets, any ring, any cords (and any sub-set of cords), any cap, and/or any combination thereof may be produced from natural materials and may avoid the inclusion of foreign material, such as pledgets.
  • Homograft material and/or composite material including various combinations of homograft, xenograft and/or autograft material, may further be used to fabricate the flexible ring, leaflets, cords, and caps.
  • the material which forms the valve ring and the leaflets may comprise, but is not limited to, human, bovine or porcine pericardium, decellularized bioprosthetic material, woven biodegradable polymers incorporated with cells, and extracellular materials.
  • Biodegradable natural polymers may include, but are not limited to, tofibrin, collagen, chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronan, and similar materials thereof.
  • a biodegradable synthetic polymer scaffold that may be infiltrated with cells and extracellular matrix materials may include, but is not limited to, poly(L-lactide), polyglycolide, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(caprolactone), polyorthoesters, poly(dioxanone), poly(anhydrides), poly(trimethylene carbonate), polyphosphazenes, and similar materials thereof.
  • Flexible rings may further be customized to provide individualized flexibility or rigidity for the patient. Additionally, some components of the mitral valve prosthesis, including the cords, may be fashioned intraoperatively by autologous pericardium of the patient.
  • any of the disclosed asymmetrical flexible rings which may comprise an anterior ring portion and a posterior ring portion, or which may be made as a single unit, may be formed by rolling or folding the edges of the leaflet(s) onto itself.
  • the flexible ring may further comprise at least two strands or layers of material, e.g., human, bovine or porcine pericardium, or any of the materials listed above, whereby the at least two strands or layers may be coiled, twisted, braided or looped one around the other.
  • a ring structured in a coiled coil may comprise more strength compared to a ring formed by mere rolling of the edges of the leaflet onto itself, however, the coiled ring should maintain its elasticity.
  • the ring may comprise two strands or layers of material folded together to provide elasticity, with the addition of a third layer to provide structural stability.
  • the ring may comprise two layers made of bovine pericardium, while the third strand or layer may be made of Glycine or Proline in order to provide strength to the ring.
  • the at least two layers or strands may be attached, e.g., sutured to one another.
  • the third layer may be attached, e.g., sutured to the at least two layers of the ring.
  • the components of a prosthetic mitral valve may be attached or connected to one another via several connection methods.
  • the components of the prosthetic mitral valve may be connected to one another via stitches, stapler pins, glue or any other attachment means.
  • the sutures or stitches may be made of non-biodegradable synthetic materials, for example, nylon (ethilon), prolene (polypropylene), Novalfd, polyester, and so on.
  • the sutures or stitches may be made of non-biodegradable natural materials, such as surgical silk or surgical cotton.
  • the stapler pins may be made of biocompatible materials, for example, stainless steel or titanium.
  • glue may be made of biocompatible materials such as aldehyde -based glues, fibrin sealarts, collagen-based adhesives, polyethylene glycol polymers (hydrogels), or cyanoacrylates.
  • any of the leaflets, any ring, any cords (and any sub-set of cords) and/or any combination thereof may be customized per patient based upon ultrasound imaging of the patient's native mitral valve and surrounding anatomy.
  • Customized mitral valves may further be produced based on data obtained by other imaging modalities, which provide three-dimensional information, including Echocardiography, cardiac CT and cardiac MRI.
  • mitral valve prostheses of the present disclosure may be selected or designed to match the patient's specific anatomy, thereby to increase the chances of high acceptance of the prostheses by the patient’s surrounding tissue, e.g., the heart muscle surrounding the prostheses.
  • the heart of the patient is arrested, as is usual for mitral valve surgeries.
  • the flexible ring of the prosthesis is affixed by sutures to the native annulus and the papillary caps are sutured to the native papillary muscles.
  • two sutures can be applied at the tip of each of the native papillary muscles, affixing a cap to the muscle.
  • the clinician ensures that the valve will open and close completely by filling the ventricular chamber with a physiological saline under an appropriate pressure and checking the motion and the competence of the replaced valve as it closes due to the exerted pressure.
  • TEE transesophageal echocardiography
  • the subject can be placed on anticoagulation medication following implantation.
  • anticoagulation medication or no anticoagulation medication, is expected for most patients.
  • the currently available biological and mechanical prostheses carry several disadvantages: they contain bulky foreign material, require strong anticoagulation medication, have short useful lives requiring the patient to undergo subsequent surgeries when they must be replaced, and do not assist the heart in recovering efficiently from implantation.
  • the present invention offers several advantages over the biological and mechanical prostheses described above. Having a design that more closely matches the native mitral valve of a patient and being fabricated from natural materials, the mitral valve prostheses described are expected to require less recovery time for the patient, provide a longer useful life, and alleviate or omit the need for anticoagulant medication.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une prothèse de valvule mitrale destinée à être implantée dans un cœur, comprenant un anneau asymétrique, l'anneau asymétrique est dimensionné pour imiter un anneau mitral natif d'un patient et construit à partir d'un matériau souple enroulé sur lui-même vers un côté extérieur de la valvule; un feuillet souple antérieur et un feuillet souple postérieur, lesdits feuillets étant suspendus à partir de l'anneau asymétrique et conçus pour coopérer sensiblement l'un avec l'autre; et au moins deux ensembles de cordes, chaque ensemble de cordes étant fixé au feuillet antérieur ou postérieur sur une première extrémité et fixé dans une coiffe sur une seconde extrémité, la coiffe est conçue pour être fixée sur les muscles papillaires du cœur sur une autre extrémité de la coiffe.
EP20791870.7A 2019-04-16 2020-04-15 Prothèse mitrale de conception naturelle Pending EP3955856A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG10201903404QA SG10201903404QA (en) 2019-04-16 2019-04-16 A naturally designed mitral prosthesis
PCT/SG2020/050237 WO2020214096A1 (fr) 2019-04-16 2020-04-15 Prothèse mitrale de conception naturelle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3955856A1 true EP3955856A1 (fr) 2022-02-23
EP3955856A4 EP3955856A4 (fr) 2023-01-11

Family

ID=72838440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20791870.7A Pending EP3955856A4 (fr) 2019-04-16 2020-04-15 Prothèse mitrale de conception naturelle

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3955856A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2022529472A (fr)
KR (1) KR20210153661A (fr)
CN (1) CN113924064A (fr)
AU (1) AU2020258258A1 (fr)
SG (2) SG10201903404QA (fr)
WO (1) WO2020214096A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019003221A1 (fr) 2017-06-29 2019-01-03 Doron Carmi Structure de support intraluminale et valve prothétique obtenue à partir de celle-ci
CN118076321A (zh) * 2021-09-21 2024-05-24 新加坡国立大学 外科三尖瓣假体

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5306296A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-04-26 Medtronic, Inc. Annuloplasty and suture rings
US5733331A (en) * 1992-07-28 1998-03-31 Newcor Industrial S.A. Total mitral heterologous bioprosthesis to be used in mitral or tricuspid heat replacement
US6409759B1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2002-06-25 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Harvested tissue heart valve with sewing rim
AU2003282617B2 (en) * 2002-10-10 2006-06-29 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Method and apparatus for replacing a mitral valve with a stentless bioprosthetic valve having chordae
WO2007062054A2 (fr) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-31 The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. Reparation percutanee d'une valvule cardiaque avec cordes artificielles ajustables
CN202477903U (zh) * 2012-02-20 2012-10-10 广西医科大学第一附属医院 网式二尖瓣成形环
CN103735337B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2016-08-17 金仕生物科技（常熟）有限公司 人工心脏瓣膜成形环
WO2017061956A1 (fr) * 2015-10-08 2017-04-13 National University Of Singapore Prothèse mitrale de conception naturelle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3955856A4 (fr) 2023-01-11
SG11202111358YA (en) 2021-11-29
AU2020258258A1 (en) 2021-11-11
KR20210153661A (ko) 2021-12-17
SG10201903404QA (en) 2020-11-27
CN113924064A (zh) 2022-01-11
WO2020214096A1 (fr) 2020-10-22
JP2022529472A (ja) 2022-06-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10709560B2 (en) Naturally designed mitral prosthesis
AU718295B2 (en) Physiologic mitral valve bioprosthesis
US6830586B2 (en) Stentless atrioventricular heart valve fabricated from a singular flat membrane
US6358277B1 (en) Atrio-ventricular valvular device
US6974464B2 (en) Supportless atrioventricular heart valve and minimally invasive delivery systems thereof
US7018404B2 (en) Conduit for aorta or pulmonary artery replacement
JP3739407B2 (ja) フレキシブルな管を用いた心臓弁の置換技術
US20050075727A1 (en) Mitral valve prosthesis
US11464639B2 (en) Methods for creating sinus-matched aortic valves
US11576771B2 (en) Method for manufacturing personalized naturally designed mitral prosthesis
EP4135628A1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse mitrale personnalisée naturellement conçue
CN112022439A (zh) 一种人工心脏瓣膜
US20210229362A1 (en) Method for manufacturing personalized naturally designed mitral prosthesis
EP3955856A1 (fr) Prothèse mitrale de conception naturelle
US20220047387A1 (en) Naturally designed mitral prosthesis
US11324592B2 (en) Naturally designed mitral prosthesis
AU2022352477A1 (en) A surgical tricuspid valve prosthesis
Sanchez et al. Engineering and technologies associated with cardiac valve repair and replacement therapies
CN212788787U (zh) 一种人工心脏瓣膜
JP6664024B1 (ja) 人工弁形成用テンプレート及び人工弁
JP6680942B1 (ja) 人工弁
WO2021020420A1 (fr) Gabarit de formation de valvule artificielle et valvule artificielle
Chawla et al. Pre-clinical experience with a multi-chordal patch for mitral valve repair
Ismail et al. Recent advances in transcatheter heart valve replacement: A review on aortic and mitral implantation
RU2200482C2 (ru) Способ протезирования митрального и трехстворчатого клапанов сердца

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20211109

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20221214

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: A61F 2/24 20060101AFI20221208BHEP