EP3953538A1 - Sandwich wall construction formed of spaced-apart slabs with insulation in-between having a high carbon content - Google Patents

Sandwich wall construction formed of spaced-apart slabs with insulation in-between having a high carbon content

Info

Publication number
EP3953538A1
EP3953538A1 EP20702566.9A EP20702566A EP3953538A1 EP 3953538 A1 EP3953538 A1 EP 3953538A1 EP 20702566 A EP20702566 A EP 20702566A EP 3953538 A1 EP3953538 A1 EP 3953538A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
resin
wall element
carbon
bearing wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20702566.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kolja Kuse
Nikolas HAGEMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3953538A1 publication Critical patent/EP3953538A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E04C2/2885—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/02—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material with fibres or particles being present as additives in the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/045—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/002—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising natural stone or artificial stone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/046—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wall construction, as already described in EP08874021.2 for the construction of houses and buildings.
  • This wall construction has a symmetrical structure of pressure-stable plates that are kept at a certain distance.
  • the two plates absorb the pressure forces and consist of particularly pressure-stable material such as natural stone, artificial stone of all kinds, concrete and other earthenware, as well as ceramics up to substances containing glass or glass - hereinafter called earthenware - which are pressure-stable, but usually also by a brittle and fragile structure are marked.
  • Natural stones such as granite, granite-like stones such as gneiss, as well as marble, limestone, high-pressure-resistant modern ceramics, glass ceramics or glass should be mentioned, as well as all other materials made of stone or ceramics and naturally or artificially created earthenware.
  • the two plates can each consist of the same material or of different materials, for example the outer stoneware disk made of natural stone and the inner stoneware disk made of concrete.
  • these materials are characterized by high resilience under compressive loads with a comparatively low specific weight, but such materials are also relatively unstable when subjected to tensile and bending loads, especially if they are to be kept as thin as possible and are material-saving and, in particular, as light as possible should be interpreted.
  • these slabs are provided with a stable reinforcement and, for example, with the help of Fiber materials made tensile stable. Coatings with the help of fibers that are as stable as possible and binders or resins that are as temperature-stable as possible serve to coat the fiber with the stone surface.
  • the main goal in this invention is to bind as much carbon as possible in the insulation material, which can additionally stiffen the overall construction in order to make the building material as CCV negative as possible.
  • an insulation material based on biochar or artificially produced coal is used.
  • Biochar is the solid that is formed during the pyrolysis of biomass and is characterized by its highly porous structure and a carbon content of over 50%. All biomass such as wood, crop residues, greenery from roads, solid digestate from biogas plants or sewage sludge can be used as the starting material for the biochar to be used in the insulation material.
  • artificially generated coal can also be used for the insulation layer, which is obtained directly from CO2 using electrical or electromagnetic energy and / or electrolytic processes. Although these methods are more energy-intensive, they are also interesting in countries with a high renewable electricity mix.
  • the coal serves the purpose of good thermal insulation, reduces the weight of the insulation layer and ensures permanent storage of carbon in the system.
  • the coal is introduced, for example, with a binder or a proppant into the space between the pressure-stable plates, so that the plates are firmly bonded to one another through the insulation layer.
  • a binder or a proppant into the space between the pressure-stable plates, so that the plates are firmly bonded to one another through the insulation layer.
  • Other fillers to improve the physical properties such as tensile strength, heat conduction, radiation, etc. are advantageous.
  • Loose fillings of coal-based materials can also be used if the two stone slabs are each designed to be self-supporting so that firm gluing can be dispensed with.
  • the present invention proposes a way of additionally strengthening such thinly designed stone or earthenware plates or ceramic or artificial stone plates, which are stabilized sustainably in an inexpensive manner and become self-supporting wall elements in the way proposed here, as an effective carbon sink.
  • the stone, the ceramic or the glass and other pressure-stable materials such as thin concrete slabs - generally shown here as the earthenware - which previously meant additional weight for the construction of buildings purely as facade cladding, are now themselves the load-bearing element of the house wall and the coal-based insulation layer together with preferably carbon fibers, if they are made from organic oil, for an efficient carbon sink.
  • the invention proposes such a route with a symmetrical wall structure, the characteristic of the flatness of the stone slab becoming a further essential core of the invention in wide temperature and pressure ranges, in combination with a third characteristic feature of the use of the facade element itself as a supporting part, which is carried out with the aid of a tensile fiber layer, which is preferably made from vegetable-based carbon or, alternatively, consists of low-energy fibers such as glass fibers or stone fibers.
  • the path ensures that the earthenware is stabilized under a wide variety of thermally induced mechanical loads, as well as purely mechanical loads, in such a way that it is stabilized against mechanical destruction by tearing the wall plate on the one hand, and suitable for the respective application and load cases in particular also be additionally protected against thermal bending.
  • the dimensional stability when there is a temperature difference on the inside and outside of the wall and also the associated temperature changes on the weather-dependent side is also of significant importance, which can also be supported by the fact that the plates each consist of different materials with different expansion coefficients.
  • the essence of the solution to find the most suitable insulation material for such self-supporting walls in sandwich construction is to keep the overall expansion coefficient of the inner and outer panel as small and in particular as possible as possible, to allow the absorption of carbon, to ensure good fire protection behavior and one have a high insulation value, as well as being dimensionally stable, waterproof and frost-proof.
  • promising candidates are, above all, biochar-based building materials, which have sufficient flexibility and sufficient tensile strength to prevent them from buckling by gluing with the fiber-stabilized earthenware plates.
  • the invention filed for registration relates to the construction sector, in particular to building construction, more precisely house construction with service buildings, apartment buildings, pavilions, halls and any type of building in general.
  • the core of the invention relates to a technology for creating a house wall as a building element, with the functions of static load transfer and the facade with all functions of a building envelope and the corresponding physical requirements in accordance with the current standards, which are now to be upgraded via the insulating materials to the carbon sink.
  • the wall elements are prefabricated and finished on site.
  • the ceiling constructions are placed on the wall elements.
  • the wall elements combine all structural and structural requirements in a sandwich structure.
  • the outer thin disks made of earthenware or other pressure-stable materials mainly take over the normal forces (disk forces). They can be used directly as finished surfaces, both inside and outside.
  • the core of the sandwich is a coal-based, preferably shear-resistant, heat-insulating material that either connects the adjacent panes or only fulfills the insulation properties if the two panes are self-supporting without a shear-resistant connection. In the case of a rigid connection, the shear forces become with the core absorbed from bending stresses, there is sufficient bending rigidity across the element.
  • the element is thus secured against kinking and loads such as wind loads occurring horizontally across the element can be absorbed.
  • the load transfer and load transfer design from the floor slabs to this sandwich element brings the vertical loads symmetrically to the panes without creating a physically intolerable thermal bridge.
  • the watertightness, vapor tightness is guaranteed by the interaction of the sandwich materials with special connection details.
  • the elements are installed as pendulum supports in the ceilings above and below.
  • the thermal insulation values can reach the Swiss Minergie standard.
  • the thin panes are made of a pressure and shear resistant, waterproof material such as concrete, natural stone, glass, ceramics. They are secured with reinforcements against tensile stresses from thermally asymmetrical deformations and against tensile stresses in the area of the stress distribution in the load introduction zones, which could lead to unannounced total brittle fractures. Likewise, imperfections in the material and in the construction can be bridged and a good-natured, as ductile material behavior is generated.
  • the sandwich core consists of a shear-resistant, highly heat-insulating structure, usually made of a sufficiently firm foam or other binding agents with biochar or artificially produced coal.
  • the load transfer consists of a thermally weakly conductive, pressure and shear resistant element made of GRP or wood or a Half-timbered or made of carbon-containing mineral material.
  • connection between the washers and the load application, the washers and if necessary. the insulation core is also produced using permanent shear-resistant bonds.
  • Commercially available bonds are used, either based on resin or mineral glue such as high-temperature water glasses with a temperature resistance of at least 500 ° C.
  • fiber materials with a matrix are proposed for the stabilization of the stone slabs themselves.
  • carbon fibers are used here, which were preferably produced from biomass or directly from C0 2 .
  • Stone fibers and natural fiber materials that stabilize the stone over a large area and prevent it from expanding and breaking can also be used.
  • the natural stone itself has a very low expansion module, which can be adjusted with the fiber stabilization, because natural stone is compressible due to its porous structure. In the event that the fiber draw becomes correspondingly large and the correct fiber is used, or with the help of the fiber an appropriate pretension can be brought into the composite of fiber matrix and stone, a temperature-related expansion of the stone slab is minimized.
  • the carrier material hereinafter referred to as carrier, consists - as described, for example, in patent application EP 106 20 92 - of a fiber-reinforced matrix, which is a synthetic resin or possibly a ceramic material itself. It comes e.g. Carbon fibers are used that withstand high tensile loads and contract under the influence of heat, i.e. have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion and sustainably stabilize a more or less thin stone slab even under changing temperature loads. As a result, the plate is particularly protected against cracks due to overexpansion, and the breakage caused by mechanical stress is counteracted vertically on the stoneware.
  • thermostable epoxy resins polyester resins, resins based on phenol, polyimide, cyanate ester, melamine, polyurethane, silicone or silicate or water glass, called matrix, in combination with z.
  • polyester resins resins based on phenol, polyimide, cyanate ester, melamine, polyurethane, silicone or silicate or water glass, called matrix, in combination with z.
  • Carbon fibers which have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, enable such secure stabilization even of very large stone slabs, which have the height of an entire floor.
  • the requirement is met to optimize the mechanical strength and temperature resistance of thin stone structures in such a way that the overall expansion coefficient of the slab is controlled over a wide range of temperatures in order to avoid bowl-filling of the entire slab and still achieve a lightweight construction.
  • the invention describes a suitable solution with the help of trusses made of GRP parts or solid material, for example made of biochar-based materials, which on the one hand has a high pressure resistance and on the other hand if possible must have insulating properties in order to effectively transfer the force into the fiber-reinforced stone slabs on the one hand and still avoid thermal bridges in order not to allow any condensation and therefore mold to form.
  • the overall construction of the novel wall construction described here takes into account the fact that the necessary vapor barrier is built in through the fiber matrix. Both the stone slabs and the coal-based materials of the insulation layer can absorb and release water and thus have a regulating effect on the moisture balance in the interior.
  • the stone slabs have the same effect and can thus become a cooling surface in summer when the moisture stored in the stone and insulation material evaporates. If suitable granite is used, then such house walls are absolutely frost-proof and corrosion-free and practically do not age, especially if they are polished on the outside. Because of the high Adsorption capacity of the biochar in the insulation layer prevents condensation water from escaping, preventing any mold growth.
  • this carbon not only causes the insulation properties and moisture regulation to be improved, the coefficient of expansion and the weight of the insulation layer to be reduced, but the components are also affected by the high Volume of the insulation layer to an efficient carbon sink in order to enable the climate targets to be achieved through a building material adapted to the climate problem. While the construction with previous building materials caused CO2 emissions, this new building method uses C0 2 negative materials. The building material stores or sequestrates more carbon in the material than was used to manufacture it.
  • biochar-based cement or geopolymer mortars biochar-based resins or foams made of PU, glass or mineral foams are used, which, with the help of fiber reinforcement of the outer stone panes, become a self-supporting wall and facade element that is capable of more carbon to save than when it is produced in the form of C0 2 and escapes into the atmosphere.
  • Fiber-stabilized stone slices with an insulating layer made of foam material in the middle layer are constructed symmetrically and dimensioned so that they can take loads and buckling forces with a comparatively very low weight. For this reason, the insulation material may have to have a high carbon content. have sufficient tension stabilization.
  • the carbon can otherwise loose insulation materials made of glass wool or rock wool are added if the two stoneware disks are self-supporting, which can be achieved by the fact that the respective disk itself consists of two stone layers with a middle layer made of fiber matrix.
  • FIG. 1 The picture shows two stone slabs (1) stabilized with a carbon layer (2).
  • An insulation layer (3) is attached between the fiber-coated stone slabs and has a high carbon content.
  • the insulation layer (3) is sufficiently stable to prevent the panels from buckling outwards.
  • the sufficiently tensile insulation layer (3) can be made over the entire surface or, as shown in Figure 2 in cross-section, only over part of the surface, meaningfully so that the stone slabs are prevented from buckling in the central region. Both figures also show the load introductions (4) above and below.
  • Fig. 3 shows that the fiber-coated stone slabs are made in such a way that each of the slabs is made of two stone slabs with an internal carbon layer. In the middle there is an insulation layer (3) with a high carbon content. The insulation layer (3) is loosely inserted or attached between the stone slabs and has no stiffening function.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a weight-bearing wall element for buildings, comprising two symmetrically arranged carrier slabs (1) made of stone, natural stone, artificial stone, ceramic, concrete, glass or glass-containing material, referred to as stoneware, wherein a cross-section-increasing layer made of insulation material (3) is introduced between the two carrier slabs in an either entirely or partially shear-resistant or loose form or both in a shear-resistant and loose form, wherein the carrier slabs (1) are stabilised with a fibre-containing matrix based on epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, cyanate-ester resin, melamine resin, polyurethane resin, silicon resin or silica resin, or based on ceramic or water glass, arranged on one side or in the centre of the stoneware layer. The weight-bearing wall element has a load application construction (4) at the top and bottom, which is connected to the carrier slabs (1) via permanent shear-resistant bonds, wherein the cross-section-increasing insulation layer (3) consists of a material containing carbon and wherein the two carrier slabs consist of different or similar slab materials.

Description

SANDWICHWANDKONTRUKTION AUS BEABSTANDETEN PLATTEN MIT DAZWISCHENLIEGENDER ISOLATION, DIE EINEN HOHEN SANDWICH WALL CONSTRUCTION FROM SPACED PANELS WITH INTERMEDIATE INSULATION THAT HIGH
KOHLENSTOFFANTEIL BESITZT CARBON PART OWNED
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Wandkonstruktion, wie sie bereits in der EP08874021.2 für den Bau von Häusern und Gebäuden beschrieben wird. Diese Wandkonstruktion hat einen symmetrischen Aufbau aus druckstabilen Platten, die in einem bestimmten Abstand gehalten sind. Zwischen den Platten befindet sich die isolierende Schicht, welche die Konstruktion über den Querschnitt aussteift. Die beiden Platten nehmen die Druckkräfte auf und bestehen aus besonders druckstabilem Material wie Naturstein, Kunststein aller Arten, Beton und sonstigem Steingut, sowie Keramik bis hin zu glashaltigen Substanzen oder Glas - im folgenden Steingut genannt - die zwar druckstabil, in der Regel aber auch durch eine spröde und bruchgefährdete Struktur gekennzeichnet sind. Hier sind besonders Natursteine wie Granit, granitähnliche Gesteine wie Gneis, sowie Marmor, Kalkstein, hochdruckfeste moderne Keramiken, Glaskeramik oder Glas zu erwähnen, sowie alle sonstigen Materialien aus Stein oder Keramik undnatürlich oder künstlich entstandenem Steingut. Die beiden Platten können jeweils aus dem gleichen Material bestehen, oder auch jeweils aus unterschiedlichem Material, zum Beispiel die äußere Steingutscheibe aus Naturstein und die Innere Steingutscheibe aus Beton. The present invention relates to a wall construction, as already described in EP08874021.2 for the construction of houses and buildings. This wall construction has a symmetrical structure of pressure-stable plates that are kept at a certain distance. There is an insulating layer between the panels, which stiffens the construction across the cross-section. The two plates absorb the pressure forces and consist of particularly pressure-stable material such as natural stone, artificial stone of all kinds, concrete and other earthenware, as well as ceramics up to substances containing glass or glass - hereinafter called earthenware - which are pressure-stable, but usually also by a brittle and fragile structure are marked. Natural stones such as granite, granite-like stones such as gneiss, as well as marble, limestone, high-pressure-resistant modern ceramics, glass ceramics or glass should be mentioned, as well as all other materials made of stone or ceramics and naturally or artificially created earthenware. The two plates can each consist of the same material or of different materials, for example the outer stoneware disk made of natural stone and the inner stoneware disk made of concrete.
Diese Materialien zeichnen sich einerseits durch eine hohe Belastbarkeit bei Druckbeanspruchung bei einem vergleichsweise geringen spezifischen Gewicht aus, solche Materialien sind aber auch relativ instabil bei Zug- und Biegebelastung, insbesondere dann, wenn Sie möglichst dünn gehalten werden sollen und materialsparend und insbesondere so leichtgewichtig wie möglich ausgelegt werden sollen. Deshalb werden diese Platten mit einer zugstabilen Bewehrung versehen und zum Beispiel mit Hilfe von Fasermaterialien zugstabil gemacht. Hier dienen Beschichtungen mit Hilfe von Fasern, die möglichst zugstabil sind und Bindemittel oder Harze, die möglichst temperaturstabil sind, um die Faser mit der Steinoberfläche zu beschichten. In Frage kommen Carbonfasern, Glasfaser oder Steinfasern oder ein Gemisch dieses Fasern, und Harze wie Silikonharze oder Wasserglas-Binder, die bis über 500°C temperaturstabil sind. Im Extremfall können auch Silikat-basierte Klebstoffe zum Einsatz kommen oder ein Gemisch von solchen Bindemitteln. On the one hand, these materials are characterized by high resilience under compressive loads with a comparatively low specific weight, but such materials are also relatively unstable when subjected to tensile and bending loads, especially if they are to be kept as thin as possible and are material-saving and, in particular, as light as possible should be interpreted. For this reason, these slabs are provided with a stable reinforcement and, for example, with the help of Fiber materials made tensile stable. Coatings with the help of fibers that are as stable as possible and binders or resins that are as temperature-stable as possible serve to coat the fiber with the stone surface. Carbon fibers, glass fibers or stone fibers or a mixture of these fibers and resins such as silicone resins or water glass binders which are temperature stable up to over 500 ° C. are suitable. In extreme cases, silicate-based adhesives or a mixture of such binders can also be used.
Hauptsächliches Ziel ist es in dieser Erfindung möglichst viel Kohlenstoff in dem Isolations-Material zu binden, welches die Gesamtkonstruktion zusätzlich aussteifen kann, um das Baumaterial insgesamt möglichst CCVnegativ zu machen. The main goal in this invention is to bind as much carbon as possible in the insulation material, which can additionally stiffen the overall construction in order to make the building material as CCV negative as possible.
Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Isolations-Material auf Basis von Pflanzenkohle oder künstlich erzeugter Kohle verwendet. Pflanzenkohle ist der bei der Pyrolyse von Biomassen entstehende Feststoff, der sich durch seine hochporöse Struktur und einen Kohlenstoffgehalt von über 50% auszeichnet. Als Ausgangsstoff für die im Isolationsmaterial zu verwendenden Pflanzenkohle können sämtliche Biomassen wie Holz, Erntereste, Strassengrüngut, festes Gärgut aus Biogasanlagen oder auch Klärschlamm eingesetzt werden. Alternativ kann auch künstlich erzeugte Kohle für die Isolationsschicht verwendet werden, die mit Hilfe von elektrischer oder elektromagnetischer Energie und/oder elektrolytischen Verfahren direkt aus CO2 gewonnen wird. Diese Verfahren sind zwar energieintensiver, aber in Ländern mit einem hohen regenerativen Strom-Mix ebenfalls interessant. Die Kohle dient dem Zweck einer guten thermischen Isolierung, verringert das Gewicht der Isolationsschicht und sorgt für eine dauerhafte Speicherung von Kohlenstoff im System. Die Kohle wird zum Beispiel mit einem Bindemittel oder einem Stützmittel in den Zwischenraum der druckstabilen Platten eingebracht, so dass die Platten durch die Isolationsschicht fest miteinander verklebt werden. Als Bindemittel für die Kohle können Zement, hydaulischer Kalk, Geopolymere, Epoxid- oder Polyesterharze, aber auch kunststoffbasierte, glas-basierte und mineralisch-basierte Schäume wird z.B. PUR-Schaum, Blähglas oder Glasschaum verwendet werden. Weitere Füllstoffe zur Verbesserung der physikalischen Eigenschaften wie Zugfestigkeit, Wärmeleitung, Abstrahlung usw. sind vorteilhaft. Auch lose Schüttungen von Kohle-basierten Stoffen können dann verwendet werden, wenn die beiden Steinplatten jeweils so selbsttragend ausgeführt werden, dass eine feste Verklebung entfallen kann. For this purpose, an insulation material based on biochar or artificially produced coal is used. Biochar is the solid that is formed during the pyrolysis of biomass and is characterized by its highly porous structure and a carbon content of over 50%. All biomass such as wood, crop residues, greenery from roads, solid digestate from biogas plants or sewage sludge can be used as the starting material for the biochar to be used in the insulation material. Alternatively, artificially generated coal can also be used for the insulation layer, which is obtained directly from CO2 using electrical or electromagnetic energy and / or electrolytic processes. Although these methods are more energy-intensive, they are also interesting in countries with a high renewable electricity mix. The coal serves the purpose of good thermal insulation, reduces the weight of the insulation layer and ensures permanent storage of carbon in the system. The coal is introduced, for example, with a binder or a proppant into the space between the pressure-stable plates, so that the plates are firmly bonded to one another through the insulation layer. Cement, hydraulic lime, geopolymers, epoxy or polyester resins, but also plastic-based, glass-based and mineral-based foams, for example PUR foam, expanded glass or glass foam, can be used as a binder for the coal. Other fillers to improve the physical properties such as tensile strength, heat conduction, radiation, etc. are advantageous. Loose fillings of coal-based materials can also be used if the two stone slabs are each designed to be self-supporting so that firm gluing can be dispensed with.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schlägt einen Weg vor, solche dünn ausgelegten Stein- bzw. Steingutplatten oder Keramik- bzw. Kunststeinplatten, die nachhaltig auf preiswerte Weise stabilisiert werden, und auf dem hier vorgeschlagenen Weg zum selbsttragenden Wandelement werden, zusätzlich als möglichst effektive Kohlenstoffsenke zu ertüchtigen. Der Stein, die Keramik oder das Glas und sonstige druckstabile Materialien wie dünne Betonplatten - generell hier als das Steingut gezeichnet - welche bisher rein als Fassadenverkleidung zusätzliches Gewicht für den Bau von Gebäuden bedeuten, werden nunmehr selbst zum tragenden Element der Hauswand und die Kohle basierte Isolationsschicht zusammen mit vorzugsweise Carbonfasern, wenn sie aus organischem Öl hergestellt werden, zur effiziente Kohlenstoffsenke. The present invention proposes a way of additionally strengthening such thinly designed stone or earthenware plates or ceramic or artificial stone plates, which are stabilized sustainably in an inexpensive manner and become self-supporting wall elements in the way proposed here, as an effective carbon sink. The stone, the ceramic or the glass and other pressure-stable materials such as thin concrete slabs - generally shown here as the earthenware - which previously meant additional weight for the construction of buildings purely as facade cladding, are now themselves the load-bearing element of the house wall and the coal-based insulation layer together with preferably carbon fibers, if they are made from organic oil, for an efficient carbon sink.
Wichtig ist dabei, dass solche Wandelemente in weiten Temperaturbereichen formstabil bleiben und der“Bi-Metalleffekt” unterdrückt wird. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist es nötig, die Steingutplatten oder Keramikplatten gegen Zug und damit * verbundenen Bruch zu stabilisieren. Zudem muss auf der zu stabilisierenden Steinseite an der Grenzfläche zwischen zu stabilisierendem Stein und Isolationsschicht die Ausdehnungsverteilung so eingestellt werden, dass deren Gradient praktisch gegen Null geht, so dass die Steinplatte weder zu der einen Seite, noch zu der anderen Seite, auch bei wechselnden Temperaturen, gebogen wird und somit die sichtbare Fläche großflächig gerade und eben bleibt und nicht schüsselt. It is important that such wall elements remain dimensionally stable over a wide temperature range and that the “bimetal effect” is suppressed. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to stabilize the earthenware plates or ceramic plates against tension and the resulting * breakage. In addition, on the stone side to be stabilized at the interface between the stone to be stabilized and the insulation layer, the expansion distribution must be set so that its gradient is practically zero, so that the stone slab neither on one side nor on the other side, even with changing temperatures , is bent and thus the visible surface remains flat and level over a large area and does not bowl.
Dafür ist wichtig, dass die isolierende Zwischenschicht so porös und damit dehnungsstabil ist, dass das Fasermaterial in der Lage ist, die Ausdehnung aller Komponenten zu beherrschen, ohne das die Grenzschichten sich voneinander trennen. Einen solchen Weg schlägt die Erfindung mit einem symmetrischen Wandaufbau vor, wobei das Merkmal der Ebenheit der Steinplatte in weiten Temperatur- und Druckbereichen zu einem weiteren wesentlichen Kern der Erfindung wird, in Kombination mit einem dritten kennzeichnenden Merkmal der Nutzung des Fassadenelements selbst als tragendes Teil, das mit Hilfe einer zugstabilen Faserschicht, die vorzugsweise aus pflanzlich basiertem Kohlenstoff hergestellt wird oder ersatzweise aus energiearmen Fasern wie Glasfasern oder Steinfasern bestehen, ausgeführt wird. For this it is important that the insulating intermediate layer is so porous and therefore stable in stretch that the fiber material is able to control the expansion of all components without the boundary layers separating from one another. The invention proposes such a route with a symmetrical wall structure, the characteristic of the flatness of the stone slab becoming a further essential core of the invention in wide temperature and pressure ranges, in combination with a third characteristic feature of the use of the facade element itself as a supporting part, which is carried out with the aid of a tensile fiber layer, which is preferably made from vegetable-based carbon or, alternatively, consists of low-energy fibers such as glass fibers or stone fibers.
Der Weg gewährleistet, dass das Steingut unter den unterschiedlichsten thermisch bedingten mechanischen Belastungen, sowie auch rein mechanischen Belastungen so stabilisiert wird, dass sie durch eine, für die jeweiligen Einsatz- und Belastungsfälle geeignete, Stabilisierung vor mechanischer Zerstörung durch Reißen der Wandplatte einerseits, und insbesondere auch zusätzlich vor thermisch bedingtem Verbiegen geschützt werden. Die Formstabilität bei Temperaturunterschied auf der Wandinnen- und Wandaußenseite und auch damit bedingter Temperaturänderungen auf der wetterabhängigen Seite ist dabei ebenfalls von kennzeichnender Bedeutung, die auch dadurch unterstützt werden kann, dass die Platten aus jeweils unterschiedlichen Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestehen. The path ensures that the earthenware is stabilized under a wide variety of thermally induced mechanical loads, as well as purely mechanical loads, in such a way that it is stabilized against mechanical destruction by tearing the wall plate on the one hand, and suitable for the respective application and load cases in particular also be additionally protected against thermal bending. The dimensional stability when there is a temperature difference on the inside and outside of the wall and also the associated temperature changes on the weather-dependent side is also of significant importance, which can also be supported by the fact that the plates each consist of different materials with different expansion coefficients.
Kern der Lösung, das für solche selbsttragenden Wände in Sandwichbauweise am besten geeignete Isolationsmaterial zu finden ist es, den Gesamtausdehnungskoeffizient der inneren und äußeren Platte möglich klein und insbesondere möglichst gleich zu halten, die Aufnahme von Kohlenstoff zu ermöglichen, ein gutes Brandschutzverhalten zu gewährleisten und einen hohen Isolationswert zu besitzen, sowie formstabil, wasserfest und frostsicher zu sein. Aussichtsreiche Kandidaten sind neben mineralischen Schäumen vor allem Pflanzenkohle basierte Baustoffe, die eine ausreichende Flexibilität und eine ausreichende Zugkraft besitzen, um durch Verklebung mit den faserstabiiisieren Steingutplatten diese am Ausknicken zu hindern. The essence of the solution to find the most suitable insulation material for such self-supporting walls in sandwich construction is to keep the overall expansion coefficient of the inner and outer panel as small and in particular as possible as possible, to allow the absorption of carbon, to ensure good fire protection behavior and one have a high insulation value, as well as being dimensionally stable, waterproof and frost-proof. In addition to mineral foams, promising candidates are, above all, biochar-based building materials, which have sufficient flexibility and sufficient tensile strength to prevent them from buckling by gluing with the fiber-stabilized earthenware plates.
Bisher wenig bekannt sind Bauformen, bei denen zum Beispiel die Natursteinplatte selbst zum tragenden Element wird und damit zwei Funktionen erfüllt, einmal die statischen Notwendigkeiten beim Hausbau optimal zu übernehmen und gleichzeitig eine optimale Optik zu bieten. So far little is known of designs in which, for example, the natural stone slab itself becomes a load-bearing element and thus fulfills two functions, firstly to optimally take over the static requirements in house construction and at the same time to offer an optimal appearance.
Die optimale Statik wird damit erreicht, dass eine solche Natursteinplatte zum Beispiel aus Granit eine doppelt so hohe Tragkraft besitzt, wie eine vergleichbare Betonplatte gleichen Gewichts. Dadurch wird leichteres, höheres und raumgewinnendes Bauen möglich, im Vergleich zur klassischen Beton und Ziegelbauweise. Auch im Vergleich zum Bauen mit Stahl wird Gewicht und Raum gespart, weil zum Beispiel Granit mit einem spezifischen Gewicht von Aluminium um einen Faktor 2,7 leichter ist als Stahl, dabei aber eine Druckstabilität besitzt, die dem von Baustahl nahe kommt. The optimal statics are achieved by the fact that such a natural stone slab made of granite, for example, has twice the load capacity as a comparable concrete slab of the same weight. This makes it lighter, higher and space-saving construction possible compared to classic concrete and brick construction. Weight and space are also saved compared to building with steel because, for example, granite with a specific weight of aluminum is 2.7 times lighter than steel, but has a pressure stability close to that of structural steel.
Es folgt eine bautechnische Beschreibung der Wandkonstruktion. Die zur Anmeldung gebrachte Erfindung betrifft den Bausektor, darin insbesondere den Hochbau, genauer den Hausbau mit Dienstleistungsgebäuden, Wohnhäusern, Pavillons, Hallen und jegliche Art von Gebäuden allgemein. Kern der Erfindung betrifft eine Technik zur Erstellung einer Hauswand als Gebäudeelement, mit den Funktionen der statischen Lastabtragung und der Fassade mit allen Funktionen einer Gebäudehülle und den entsprechenden physikalischen Anforderungen gemäß den aktuellen Normierungen, die nunmehr auch über die isolierenden Materialien zur Kohlenstoffsenke ertüchtigt werden soll. A structural description of the wall construction follows. The invention filed for registration relates to the construction sector, in particular to building construction, more precisely house construction with service buildings, apartment buildings, pavilions, halls and any type of building in general. The core of the invention relates to a technology for creating a house wall as a building element, with the functions of static load transfer and the facade with all functions of a building envelope and the corresponding physical requirements in accordance with the current standards, which are now to be upgraded via the insulating materials to the carbon sink.
Die Wandelemente werden vorfabriziert und am Bau fertig versetzt. Die Deckenkonstruktionen werden auf die Wandelemente aufgesetzt. Die Wandelemente vereinigen alle statischen und bauphysikalischen Anforderungen in einem Sandwichaufbau. Die äußeren dünnen Scheiben aus Steingut oder sonstigen druckstabilen Materialien übernehmen hauptsächlich die Normalkräfte (Scheibenkräfte). Sie können direkt als fertige Oberflächen auf Sicht im Innen- und Außenbereich genutzt werden. Den Kern des Sandwiches bildet ein auf Kohle basiertes, vorzugsweise schubsteifes, wärmedämmendes Material, das entweder die anliegenden Scheiben verbindet oder nur die Isolationseigenschaften erfüllt, wenn die beiden Scheiben selbstragend ohne schubsteife Verbindung ausgeführt sind. Im Fall der steifen Verbindung werden mit dem Kern die Schubkräfte aus Biegebeanspruchungen aufgenommen, es ergibt sich eine ausreichende Biegesteifigkeit quer zum Element. Das Element ist damit gegen Knicken gesichert und es können horizontal quer zum Element auftretende Lasten wie zum Beispiel Windlasten aufgenommen werden. Die Lasteinleitungs- und Lastausleitungskonstruktion von den Geschossdecken auf dieses Sandwichelement bringt die Vertikallasten symmetrisch auf die Scheiben ohne eine bauphysikalisch untragbare Wärmebrücke zu erzeugen. Die Wasserdichtigkeit, Dampfdichtigkeit wird durch Zusammenwirken der Sandwichmaterialien mit speziellen Verbindungsdetails gewährleistet. Das Lastniveau ohne zusätzliche statische Strukturen liegt bei Gebrauchslasten >= 75 kN/m. Die Elemente werden vom statischen Prinzip als Pendelstützen in den Decken oben und unten gehalten eingebaut. Die Wärmedämmwerte können schweizerischen Minergiestandard erreichen. The wall elements are prefabricated and finished on site. The ceiling constructions are placed on the wall elements. The wall elements combine all structural and structural requirements in a sandwich structure. The outer thin disks made of earthenware or other pressure-stable materials mainly take over the normal forces (disk forces). They can be used directly as finished surfaces, both inside and outside. The core of the sandwich is a coal-based, preferably shear-resistant, heat-insulating material that either connects the adjacent panes or only fulfills the insulation properties if the two panes are self-supporting without a shear-resistant connection. In the case of a rigid connection, the shear forces become with the core absorbed from bending stresses, there is sufficient bending rigidity across the element. The element is thus secured against kinking and loads such as wind loads occurring horizontally across the element can be absorbed. The load transfer and load transfer design from the floor slabs to this sandwich element brings the vertical loads symmetrically to the panes without creating a physically intolerable thermal bridge. The watertightness, vapor tightness is guaranteed by the interaction of the sandwich materials with special connection details. The load level without additional static structures is at working loads> = 75 kN / m. According to the static principle, the elements are installed as pendulum supports in the ceilings above and below. The thermal insulation values can reach the Swiss Minergie standard.
Die dünnen Scheiben bestehen aus einem druck- und schubfesten, wasserdichten Material wie zum Beispiel Beton, Naturstein, Glas, Keramik. Sie werden gesichert über Bewehrungen gegen Zugbeanspruchungen aus thermisch asymmetrischen Verformungen und gegen Zugspannungen im Bereich der Spannungsverteilung in den Lasteinleitungszonen, die zu unangekündigten Totalsprödbrüchen führen könnten. Ebenso können Imperfektionen im Material und in der Konstruktion überbrückt werden und es wir ein gutmütiges, möglichst duktiles Materialverhalten erzeugt. Der Sandwichkern besteht aus einem schubsteifen, hoch wärmedämmenden Aufbau, in der Regel aus einem ausreichend festen Schaum oder sonstigen Bindemitteln mit Pflanzenkohle oder künstlich erzeugter Kohle. The thin panes are made of a pressure and shear resistant, waterproof material such as concrete, natural stone, glass, ceramics. They are secured with reinforcements against tensile stresses from thermally asymmetrical deformations and against tensile stresses in the area of the stress distribution in the load introduction zones, which could lead to unannounced total brittle fractures. Likewise, imperfections in the material and in the construction can be bridged and a good-natured, as ductile material behavior is generated. The sandwich core consists of a shear-resistant, highly heat-insulating structure, usually made of a sufficiently firm foam or other binding agents with biochar or artificially produced coal.
Die Lasteinleitung besteht aus einem thermisch schwach leitenden druck- und schubsteifen Element aus GFK oder Holz oder einem Fachwerk oder aus kohlenstoffhaltigem mineralischem Material. The load transfer consists of a thermally weakly conductive, pressure and shear resistant element made of GRP or wood or a Half-timbered or made of carbon-containing mineral material.
Die Verbindungen zwischen den Scheiben und der Lasteinleitung, den Scheiben und ggfls. auch dem Isolationskern werden über dauerhafte schubsteife Verklebungen hergestellt. Es kommen handelsübliche Verklebungen zum Einsatz, entweder basierend auf Harzbasis oder mineralischem Kleber wie hochtemperaturfeste Wassergläser mit einen Temperaturfestigkeit von mindestens 500°C. The connections between the washers and the load application, the washers and if necessary. the insulation core is also produced using permanent shear-resistant bonds. Commercially available bonds are used, either based on resin or mineral glue such as high-temperature water glasses with a temperature resistance of at least 500 ° C.
Als isolierende Schichten können alle möglichen über den Querschnitt aussteifenden Lösungen oder auch Schüttungen angewendet werden, die einen hohen Kohlenstoffgehalt haben. Hierbei handelt es sich um Kohlenstoff fossilen oder nicht fossilen Ursprungs, der durch pflanzliche Photosynthese der Atmosphäre entzogen wurde oder aus industriell abgeschiedenem CO2 besteht. Durch pyrolytische Behandlung wird der pflanzliche Kohlenstoff stabilisiert und kann sodann nicht mehr mikrobiell abgebaut werden. Verbaut in der isolierenden Schicht zwischen den Steinscheiben, stellt die Pflanzenkohle eine langfristige Kohlenstoffsenke dar. All possible solutions that are stiffening over the cross-section or fillings that have a high carbon content can be used as insulating layers. This is carbon of fossil or non-fossil origin, which was extracted from the atmosphere by plant photosynthesis or consists of industrially separated CO2. The plant carbon is stabilized by pyrolytic treatment and can then no longer be broken down microbially. Installed in the insulating layer between the stone discs, the biochar represents a long-term carbon sink.
Für die Stabilisierung der Steinplatten selbst wird die Verwendung von Fasermaterialien mit Matrix vorgeschlagen. Hierbei werden insbesondere Carbonfasern eingesetzt, welche vorzugsweise aus Biomasse oder direkt aus C02 hergestellt wurden. Ferner lassen sich auch Steinfasern, sowie Naturfasermaterialien, die den Stein großflächig stabilisieren und an der Ausdehnung und Bruch hindern, einsetzen. Der Naturstein selbst hat ein sehr geringes Ausdehnungsmodul, welches mit der Faserstabilisierung eingestellt werden kann, da Naturstein aufgrund seiner porösen Struktur komprimierbar ist. In dem Fall, dass der Faserzug entsprechend groß wird und die richtige Faser verwendet wird, bzw. mit Hilfe der Faser eine entsprechende Vorspannung in den Verbund aus Fasermatrix und Stein gebracht werden kann, wird eine temperaturbedingte Ausdehnung der Steinplatte minimiert. Das Ergebnis ist eine druck- und zugspannungsbelastbare Platte, die in normalen Anwendungsfällen eine ausreichende Stabilisierung des Steinguts gegen Reißen und Bruch gewährleistet und vor allem gerade und eben bleibt. Damit wird diese Platte im symmetrischen Gesamtverbund - faserstabilisierte Steinplatte - Isolationsquerschnitt - weitere faserstabilisierte Steinplatte - nicht nur aus Sicht der Optik im Innenbereich und Außenbereich attraktiv, sondern es wird eine Wandkonstruktion darstellt, die bei gleicher Tragkraft etwa zweifach leichter ist bzw. dünner gehalten werden kann, als herkömmliche Hauswände und Gebäudekonstruktionen. The use of fiber materials with a matrix is proposed for the stabilization of the stone slabs themselves. In particular, carbon fibers are used here, which were preferably produced from biomass or directly from C0 2 . Stone fibers and natural fiber materials that stabilize the stone over a large area and prevent it from expanding and breaking can also be used. The natural stone itself has a very low expansion module, which can be adjusted with the fiber stabilization, because natural stone is compressible due to its porous structure. In the event that the fiber draw becomes correspondingly large and the correct fiber is used, or with the help of the fiber an appropriate pretension can be brought into the composite of fiber matrix and stone, a temperature-related expansion of the stone slab is minimized. The result is a plate that can withstand compressive and tensile stress, which in normal applications guarantees sufficient stabilization of the stoneware against tearing and breaking and, above all, remains straight and level. This makes this slab in the symmetrical overall composite - fiber-stabilized stone slab - insulation cross-section - further fiber-stabilized stone slab - not only attractive from the point of view of the interior and exterior, but it also represents a wall construction that is about twice as light or can be kept thinner with the same load-bearing capacity , than conventional house walls and building constructions.
Das Trägermaterial, im folgenden Träger genannt, besteht - wie zum Beispiel in der Patentanmeldung EP 106 20 92 beschrieben - aus einer faserverstärkten Matrix, die ein Kunstharz oder gegebenenfalls selbst ein Keramikmaterial ist. Es kommen dabei z.B. Carbonfasern zum Einsatz, die hohen Zugbelastungen standhalten und sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung zusammenziehen, also einen negativen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzen und eine mehr oder weniger dünne Steinplatte auch unter wechselnder Temperaturbeanspruchung nachhaltig stabilisieren. Dadurch wird die Platte insbesondere gegen Risse durch Überdehnung geschützt, sowie dem Bruch durch mechanische Belastung senkrecht auf das Steingut entgegengewirkt. The carrier material, hereinafter referred to as carrier, consists - as described, for example, in patent application EP 106 20 92 - of a fiber-reinforced matrix, which is a synthetic resin or possibly a ceramic material itself. It comes e.g. Carbon fibers are used that withstand high tensile loads and contract under the influence of heat, i.e. have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion and sustainably stabilize a more or less thin stone slab even under changing temperature loads. As a result, the plate is particularly protected against cracks due to overexpansion, and the breakage caused by mechanical stress is counteracted vertically on the stoneware.
Mit Hilfe des Einsatzes von zum Beispiel temperaturstabilen Epoxidharzen, Polyesterharzen, Harzen auf Phenol-, Polyimid-, Cyanatester-, Melamin-, Polyurethan-, Silikon- oder Silikat-Basis oder auch Wasserglas, genannt Matrix, in Kombination mit z. B. io With the help of, for example, temperature-stable epoxy resins, polyester resins, resins based on phenol, polyimide, cyanate ester, melamine, polyurethane, silicone or silicate or water glass, called matrix, in combination with z. B. io
Carbonfasern, die einen negativen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten haben, wird eine solche sichere Stabilisierung auch von sehr großen Steinplatten möglich, welche die Höhe eines gesamten Stockwerks haben. Es wird darüber hinaus die Forderung erfüllt, die mechanische Belastbarkeit und Temperaturbelastbarkeit von dünnen Steintragwerken so zu optimieren, dass der Gesamt-Ausdehnungskoeffizient der Platte in weiten Temperaturbereichen kontrolliert wird, um das Schüsseln der Gesamt-Platte zu vermeiden und trotzdem eine Leichtbauweise zu realisieren. Um die Druckkräfte, die von einer solchen Hauswand aufgenommen werden müssen, in die Wand einzuleiten, beschreibt die Erfindung eine geeignete Lösung mit Hilfe von Fachwerken aus GFK-Teilen oder Vollmaterial, zum Beispiel aus Pflanzenkohle basierten Materialien, welche einerseits eine hohe Druckbelastbarkeit und andererseits möglichst isolierende Eigenschaften besitzen muss, um die Kraft einerseits wirkungsvoll in die faserverstärkten Steinplatten einzuleiten und trotzdem Wärmebrücken zu vermeiden, um keinerlei Kondenswasser- und damit Schimmelbildung zuzulassen. Die Gesamtkonstruktion der hier beschriebenen neuartigen Wandkonstruktion trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass die notwendige Dampfsperre durch die Fasermatrix eingebaut ist. Sowohl die Steinplatten als auch die Kohle-basierten Materialien der Isolationsschicht können Wasser absorbieren und wieder abgeben und wirken damit regulierend auf den Feuchtigkeitshaushalt im Innenraum. Nach außen hin haben die Steinplatten die gleiche Wirkung und können damit im Sommer zur Kühlfläche werden, wenn die in dem Stein und Isolationsmaterial gespeicherte Feuchtigkeit verdunstet. Wenn geeigneter Granit zur Anwendung kommt, dann sind solche Hauswände absolut frostsicher und korrosionsfrei und altern quasi nicht, insbesondere dann, wenn sie an der Außenseite poliert sind. Durch die hohe Adsorptionskapazität der Pflanzenkohle in der Isolationsschicht kommt es zu keinem Austritt von Kondensationswasser, wodurch etwaige Schimmelbildung verhindert wird. Carbon fibers, which have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, enable such secure stabilization even of very large stone slabs, which have the height of an entire floor. In addition, the requirement is met to optimize the mechanical strength and temperature resistance of thin stone structures in such a way that the overall expansion coefficient of the slab is controlled over a wide range of temperatures in order to avoid bowl-filling of the entire slab and still achieve a lightweight construction. In order to introduce the pressure forces that must be absorbed by such a house wall into the wall, the invention describes a suitable solution with the help of trusses made of GRP parts or solid material, for example made of biochar-based materials, which on the one hand has a high pressure resistance and on the other hand if possible must have insulating properties in order to effectively transfer the force into the fiber-reinforced stone slabs on the one hand and still avoid thermal bridges in order not to allow any condensation and therefore mold to form. The overall construction of the novel wall construction described here takes into account the fact that the necessary vapor barrier is built in through the fiber matrix. Both the stone slabs and the coal-based materials of the insulation layer can absorb and release water and thus have a regulating effect on the moisture balance in the interior. On the outside, the stone slabs have the same effect and can thus become a cooling surface in summer when the moisture stored in the stone and insulation material evaporates. If suitable granite is used, then such house walls are absolutely frost-proof and corrosion-free and practically do not age, especially if they are polished on the outside. Because of the high Adsorption capacity of the biochar in the insulation layer prevents condensation water from escaping, preventing any mold growth.
Wenn solche Wände nun zusätzlich in der Isolationsschicht so beschaffen sind, dass sie einen hohen Kohlenstoffanteil haben, dann bewirkt dieser Kohlenstoff nicht nur, dass die Isolationseigenschaften und Feuchtigkeitsregulierung verbessert, der Ausdehnungskoeffizient und das Gewicht der Isolationsschicht verringert werden, sondern die Bauteile werden durch das hohe Volumen der Isolationsschicht zu einer effizienten Kohlenstoffsenke, um das Erreichen der Klimaziele durch ein der Klimaproblematik angepasstes Baumaterial zu ermöglichen. Während die Konstruktion mit bisherigen Baumaterialien CO2 Emissionen verursacht haben, werden bei dieser neuen Baumethodik, C02-negative Materialien eingesetzt. Das Baumaterial speichert bzw. sequestriert mehr Kohlenstoff im Material als zu seiner Herstellung aufgewendet wurde. If such walls are additionally made in the insulation layer in such a way that they have a high carbon content, then this carbon not only causes the insulation properties and moisture regulation to be improved, the coefficient of expansion and the weight of the insulation layer to be reduced, but the components are also affected by the high Volume of the insulation layer to an efficient carbon sink in order to enable the climate targets to be achieved through a building material adapted to the climate problem. While the construction with previous building materials caused CO2 emissions, this new building method uses C0 2 negative materials. The building material stores or sequestrates more carbon in the material than was used to manufacture it.
Dabei finden insbesondere Pflanzenkohle basierte Zement- oder Geopolymer Mörtel, Pflanzenkohle basierte Harze oder Schäume aus PU, Glas oder mineralische Schäume Verwendung, die mit Hilfe von faser-Armierung der äußeren Steinscheiben zum selbsttragenden Wand- und Fassadenelement werden, welches in der Lage ist mehr Kohlenstoff zu speichern, als bei dessen Herstellung in Form von C02 entsteht und in die Atmosphäre entweicht. Faserstabilisierte Steinscheiben mit isolierender Schicht aus Schaummaterial in der Mittelschicht werden symmetrisch aufgebaut und so dimensioniert, dass sie Traglasten und Knickkräfte bei vergleichsweise sehr geringem Gewicht aufnehmen können. Aus diesem Grund muss das Isolationsmaterial trotz einem hohen Kohlenstoffgehalt ggfls. eine ausreichenden Zugstabilisierung aufweisen. Der Kohlenstoff kann andernfalls auch losen Dämmmaterialien aus Glaswolle oder Steinwolle beigemischt werden, wenn die beiden Steingutscheiben selbsttragend sind, was dadurch errricht werden kann, dass die jeweilige Scheibe selbst aus zwei Steinschichten mit einer Mittelschicht aus Fasermatrix besteht. In particular, biochar-based cement or geopolymer mortars, biochar-based resins or foams made of PU, glass or mineral foams are used, which, with the help of fiber reinforcement of the outer stone panes, become a self-supporting wall and facade element that is capable of more carbon to save than when it is produced in the form of C0 2 and escapes into the atmosphere. Fiber-stabilized stone slices with an insulating layer made of foam material in the middle layer are constructed symmetrically and dimensioned so that they can take loads and buckling forces with a comparatively very low weight. For this reason, the insulation material may have to have a high carbon content. have sufficient tension stabilization. The carbon can otherwise loose insulation materials made of glass wool or rock wool are added if the two stoneware disks are self-supporting, which can be achieved by the fact that the respective disk itself consists of two stone layers with a middle layer made of fiber matrix.
Eines die vielen möglichen Ausführungsbeispiele ist in Abb. 1 dargestellt. Die Abbildung zeigt zwei Steinplatten (1) die mit einer Carbonschicht (2) stabilisiert sind. Zwischen den faserbeschichteten Steinplatten ist eine Isolationsschicht (3) angebracht, die einen hohen Kohlestoffanteil hat. Die Isolationsschicht (3) ist hinreichend zugstabil, damit die Platten nicht nach außen knicken können. Die hinreichend zugstabile Isolationsschicht (3) kann vollflächig ausgeführt sein, oder wie in Abbildung 2 im Querschnitt gezeigt auch nur teilflächig, sinnvollerweise so, dass die Steinplatten am Knicken im Mittelbreich gehindert werden. Beide Abbildungen stellen außerdem die Lasteinleitungen (4) oben und unten dar. One of the many possible embodiments is shown in Fig. 1. The picture shows two stone slabs (1) stabilized with a carbon layer (2). An insulation layer (3) is attached between the fiber-coated stone slabs and has a high carbon content. The insulation layer (3) is sufficiently stable to prevent the panels from buckling outwards. The sufficiently tensile insulation layer (3) can be made over the entire surface or, as shown in Figure 2 in cross-section, only over part of the surface, meaningfully so that the stone slabs are prevented from buckling in the central region. Both figures also show the load introductions (4) above and below.
In Abb. 3 ist dargestellt, dass die faserbeschichteten Steinplatten so beschaffen sind, dass jede der Platten aus zwei Steinplatten mit innenliegender Carbonschicht ausgeführt ist. In der Mitte ist eine Isolationsschicht (3) angebracht, die einen hohen Kohlestoffanteil hat. Die Isolationsschicht (3) ist lose zwischen den Steinplatten ein- bzw. angebracht und übernimmt keine aussteifende Funktion. Fig. 3 shows that the fiber-coated stone slabs are made in such a way that each of the slabs is made of two stone slabs with an internal carbon layer. In the middle there is an insulation layer (3) with a high carbon content. The insulation layer (3) is loosely inserted or attached between the stone slabs and has no stiffening function.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1) Tragendes Wandelement für Gebäude mit zwei symmetrisch angeordneten Träger-Platten aus Stein, Naturstein, Kunststein, Keramik, Beton, Glas oder glashaltigem Material, genannt Steingut, 1) Load-bearing wall element for buildings with two symmetrically arranged support plates made of stone, natural stone, artificial stone, ceramic, concrete, glass or glass-containing material, called earthenware,
- wobei eine querschnittserhöhende Schicht aus Isolationsmaterial zwischen beiden Träger-Platten entweder ganzflächig oder teilflächig schubsteif oder lose oder gemischt schubsteif und lose eingebracht ist, a cross-section-increasing layer of insulation material is introduced between the two support plates either over the entire surface or over part of the area, either shear-resistant or loose or mixed, shear-resistant and loose,
- wobei die Träger-Platten mit einer faserhaltigen Matrix auf Epoxidharz-, Polyesterharz-, Phenolharz-, Polyamidharz, Cyanatesterharz-, Melaminharz-, Polyurethanharz-, Silikonharz oder Silikatharzbasis, bzw. Keramik- oder Wasserglass-Basis einseitig auf oder mittig in der Steingutschicht angeordnet stabilisiert sind, - The carrier plates with a fiber-containing matrix on epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, cyanate ester resin, melamine resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin or silicate resin base, or ceramic or water glass base on one side or in the center of the earthenware layer ordered are stabilized,
- wobei das tragende Wandelement oben und unten eine Lasteinleitungskonstruktion aufweist, die über dauerhafte schubsteife Verklebungen mit den Träger-Platten verbunden ist - The load-bearing wall element has a load introduction structure at the top and bottom, which is connected to the carrier plates by means of permanent shear-resistant bonds
- wobei die querschnitterhöhende Isolationsschicht aus einem Material besteht, welches Kohlenstoff enthält und und wobei die beiden Trägerplatten jeweils aus unterschiedlichem oder gleichartigem Plattenmaterial bestehen. - The cross-sectional insulation layer consists of a material containing carbon and and wherein the two carrier plates each consist of different or similar plate material.
2) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus schubsteifem und ausreichend zugstabilem Isolationsmaterial aus zugfesten, wärmedämmenden Schaum besteht, in dem Kohlenstoff vorzugsweise in Pulverform mit eingeschäumt ist. 3) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus schubsteifem und ausreichend zugstabilem Isolationsmaterial aus Blähglas besteht, in welchem Kohlenstoff vorzugsweise in Pulverform mit eingeschäumt ist. 2) Load-bearing wall element according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the layer of shear-resistant and sufficiently tensile insulation material consists of tensile, heat-insulating foam, in which carbon is preferably foamed in powder form. 3) load-bearing wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer consists of shear-resistant and sufficiently tensile insulation material made of expanded glass, in which carbon is preferably foamed in powder form.
4) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus schubsteifem und ausreichend zugstabilem Isolationsmaterial aus zementbasiertem porösen Strukturen besteht, in welchem Kohlenstoff vorzugsweise in Pulverform mit eingearbeitet ist. 4) Load-bearing wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer consists of shear-resistant and sufficiently tensile insulation material made of cement-based porous structures, in which carbon is preferably incorporated in powder form.
5) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus schubsteifem und ausreichend zugstabilem Isolationsmaterial aus nicht-zementbasiertem mineralischen porösen Strukturen besteht, in welchem Kohlenstoff vorzugsweise in Pulverform mit eingearbeitet ist. 5) load-bearing wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of shear-resistant and sufficiently tensile insulation material consists of non-cement-based mineral porous structures, in which carbon is preferably incorporated in powder form.
6) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Träger-Platten je mit Aussteifungen aus Isolationsmaterial, zum Beispiel in Form von Aussteifungsrippen aus geschäumten und mit Kohlenstoff versehenen Materialien nicht vollflächig, sondern teilflächig in bestimmten Abständen zwischen den Träger-Platten angeordnet sind und die entweder nur an jeder Träger-Platte einzeln befestigt oder diese kraftschlüssig verbindend befestigt sind. 7) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil als tragendes Teil im Bau, als Wand- oder Fertighauselement, oder als tragendes Element im Hochhausbau Verwendung findet. 8) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der für die Baumaterialien verwendeten Kohlenstoff aus pyrogenen pflanzenbasierten oder durch Pyrolyse aus jedweder Form biologischer Ausgangsstoffe oder künstlich hergestellt wurde. 6) Load-bearing wall element according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the carrier plates each with stiffeners made of insulation material, for example in the form of stiffening ribs made of foamed and carbon-coated materials, not over the entire surface, but over part of the surface at certain intervals between the carrier plates are arranged and which are either only individually attached to each support plate or these are non-positively connected. 7) load-bearing wall element according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the component is used as a load-bearing part in construction, as a wall or prefabricated house element, or as a load-bearing element in high-rise construction. 8) Load-bearing wall element according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the carbon used for the building materials was produced from pyrogenic plant-based or by pyrolysis from any form of biological starting materials or artificially.
9) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der für die Baumaterialien verwendeten pyrogene Kohlenstoffe sind dadurch auszeichnet, dass sie diverser post-pyrolytischer Behandlung wie Aktivierung, Dämpfung, Waschung, Säuerung, Magnetisierung unterzogen oder mit organischen Zusätzen wie Bioölen, Huminsäuren, Taninen und ähnlichen Substanzen gemischt werden. 9) load-bearing wall element according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the pyrogenic carbon used for the building materials are characterized in that they are subjected to various post-pyrolytic treatment such as activation, damping, washing, acidification, magnetization or with organic additives such as bio oils, Humic acids, tannins and similar substances can be mixed.
10) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die auf Kohlenstoff basierte Isolationsschicht mit den derzeit bekannten Bindemitteln wie10) load-bearing wall element according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the carbon-based insulation layer with the currently known binders such as
Zement, Kalk, Geopolymeren, Epoxid- und Polyesterharzen, PU-Schäumen versetzt und verarbeitet wird. Cement, lime, geopolymers, epoxy and polyester resins, PU foams are added and processed.
1 1) Tragendes Wandelement nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kohlestoff der Isolationsschicht mit Hilfe von elektrischer oder elektromagnetischer Energie und/oder elektrolytischen Verfahren direkt aus C02 gewonnen wird. 1 1) load-bearing wall element according to claim 8, characterized in that the carbon of the insulation layer is obtained directly from C0 2 with the aid of electrical or electromagnetic energy and / or electrolytic processes.
EP20702566.9A 2019-01-06 2020-01-06 Sandwich wall construction formed of spaced-apart slabs with insulation in-between having a high carbon content Pending EP3953538A1 (en)

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