EP2350404B1 - Wall design made of plates - Google Patents

Wall design made of plates Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2350404B1
EP2350404B1 EP08874021.2A EP08874021A EP2350404B1 EP 2350404 B1 EP2350404 B1 EP 2350404B1 EP 08874021 A EP08874021 A EP 08874021A EP 2350404 B1 EP2350404 B1 EP 2350404B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stone
wall element
shear
supporting wall
resistant
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EP08874021.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2350404A1 (en
Inventor
Mera Kuse
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Technocarbon Technologies GbR
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Technocarbon Technologies GbR
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/382—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of concrete or other stone-like substance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel wall construction.
  • This wall construction is used in the construction of, for example, buildings or houses.
  • Previous wall constructions have a massive construction with concrete or brick, which are equipped with insulating material from the outside .
  • the new wall is formed of a symmetrical sandwich of pressure-stable plates, which are held at a certain distance. Between the plates is the insulating layer, which stiffens the construction over the cross section.
  • the two plates absorb the compressive forces and are made of particularly pressure-resistant material such as natural stone, artificial stone of all kinds, concrete and other earthenware, as well as ceramics to glass-containing substances or glass - in the following stoneware - the pressure stable, but usually also by a brittle and fragile structure are characterized .
  • Naturally are especially natural stones such as granite, granite-like rocks such as gneiss, marble, limestone, high pressure-resistant modern ceramics, glass ceramic or glass to say, and all other stone materials or ceramic, natural or artificialdited earthenware.
  • the present invention relates to a load-bearing wall element and thus proposes a way to become such thinly laid stone or earthenware or ceramic or artificial stone slabs that are sustainably stabilized in a cost effective manner, and on the way proposed here for self-supporting wall element.
  • the stone, the ceramic or the glass and other pressure-resistant materials - generally drawn here as the stoneware - which previously meant purely as facade cladding additional weight for the construction of buildings, is now itself the load-bearing element of the house wall.
  • the invention proposes with a symmetrical wall structure, wherein the feature of the flatness of the flagstone in wide temperature and pressure ranges to an essential core of the invention, in combination with a second characteristic feature of the use of the facade element itself as a supporting part.
  • the way ensures that the earthenware is stabilized under a variety of thermally induced mechanical loads, as well as purely mechanical loads that they suitable for the respective use and loading cases, stabilization against mechanical destruction by tearing the wall plate on the one hand, and in particular be additionally protected against thermal bending.
  • the dimensional stability at temperature difference on the wall inside and outside of the wall and also related temperature changes on the wetted side is also of significant importance.
  • the core of the solution which is the most suitable stabilizing jacket for such self-supporting walls in sandwich construction, is to keep the overall expansion coefficient of the inner and outer plates as small as possible and, in particular, as equal as possible, ideally ideally close to zero.
  • the invention is based on the stabilization of a symmetrical structure of two earthenware plates by a partially or completely applied to the earthenware fiber-containing carrier material, which allows the need for the stabilization of thin earthenware materials earthenware material as thin as possible or to save material and by an additional light and insulating carrier layer in the middle over the cross section fascisteifen so that the overall construction can bend as little as possible in order to withstand and compensate for the acting buckling loads, including those caused by temperature differences or temperature changes.
  • Wall elements or precast concrete elements, masonry stone, glass or ceramic construction which must absorb static-dynamic loads, find use. Trusses made of steel structures and wood are already being used. So far, wall constructions are known which are made massive over the cross section to accommodate the pressure loads. Under certain circumstances, such walls are then additionally provided on one side with a heat-insulating layer; as a rule, the overall structure is then asymmetrical in cross-section. Such walls can be additionally upgraded visually by panels, which is often performed with natural stone slabs or other stoneware slabs.
  • the invention filed for registration relates to the construction sector, in particular the building construction, more precisely the house construction with service buildings, dwelling houses, pavilions, halls and any kind of buildings in general.
  • Core of the invention relates to a novel technique for creating a house wall as a building element, with the functions of static load transfer and the facade with all the functions of a building envelope and the corresponding physical requirements according to the current standards.
  • the wall elements are prefabricated and finished in construction.
  • the ceiling constructions are placed on the wall elements.
  • the wall elements combine all structural and structural requirements in a sandwich construction.
  • the outer thin slices of stoneware or other pressure-resistant materials mainly take over the normal forces (disk forces). They can be used directly as finished surfaces for visibility indoors and outdoors .
  • the core of the sandwich for example, a shear-resistant insulating foam, which is shear-resistant connected to the outer discs. With the core, the thrust forces are absorbed by bending stresses, it results in a sufficient bending stiffness across the element. The element is thus secured against buckling and it can be horizontally across the element occurring loads such as wind loads recorded.
  • the load introduction and load extraction design of the floor slabs on this sandwich element brings the vertical loads symmetrically on the discs without creating a physically unbearable thermal bridge.
  • the watertightness, vapor-tightness is ensured by interaction of the sandwich materials with special connection details.
  • the elements are of the static principle as Pendulum supports installed in the ceilings at the top and bottom.
  • the thermal insulation values can reach Minergiestandard.
  • the thin discs consist of a pressure- and shear-resistant, waterproof material such as concrete, natural stone, glass, ceramics. They are secured by reinforcements against tensile stresses from thermal asymmetric deformations and against tensile stresses in the area of stress distribution in the load introduction zones, which could lead to unannounced total collapse fractures. Similarly, imperfections can be bridged in the material and in the design and it is produced a good-natured, ductile material as possible behavior.
  • the sandwich core consists of a shear-resistant, highly heat-insulating construction, usually made of a sufficiently solid foam.
  • the load introduction consists of a thermally weakly conductive pressure- and shear-resistant element made of GRP or wood or a truss.
  • connections between the panes and the load introduction, the panes and the sandwich core are produced by means of permanent butt-resistant bonds. Commercially available bonds are used.
  • the element can be built in compliance with all requirements for a house wall with 15 - 20% of the usual weight and thus material consumption.
  • the element still saves 20 - 50% space over comparable constructions.
  • the element and the individual components are easy to separate and reuse for comparable use.
  • the element has a finished surface Finnish on sight.
  • technical installations can be flexibly accommodated.
  • the elements allow a very fast construction progress.
  • insulating layers it is possible to use all possible cross-section stiffening solutions, for example also straight, corrugated or honeycomb paper materials, a wide variety of pressure-stable foams, wood frames with cavities in combination with rock wool, sheep wool or straw.
  • the expanded glass to mention which is characterized by low specific weight by an additionally usable high pressure stability and thereby brings very good heat insulating properties with a very low expansion coefficient.
  • fiber materials with resin matrix such as glass fiber or aramid fiber laminates, carbon fibers or stone fibers, as well as natural fiber materials, which stabilize the stone over a large area and prevent it from expanding.
  • the natural stone itself has a very low expansion modulus, which can be brought to zero with the fiber stabilization, since natural stone is compressible due to its porous structure.
  • a corresponding bias voltage can be brought into the composite of fiber matrix and stone, a temperature-induced expansion of the flagstone is minimized.
  • this plate in the symmetrical overall composite - fiber-stabilized flagstone - insulation cross section - more fiber-stabilized flagstone - not only from the perspective of optics indoors and outdoors attractive, but it is a completely new Wall construction represents that with the same load capacity about twice lighter or can be kept thinner than conventional house walls and building structures.
  • the task of reliably counteracting the tendency of thin natural stone, glass and / or ceramic plates to break or tear by much lighter designs, is solved by improved stabilizing properties of the carrier.
  • a support material is used, which has a similar low expansion coefficient, as the stone plate to be stabilized and which has a very low specific gravity.
  • the low weight combined with a low coefficient of expansion also becomes the core of the invention of the invention of this new wall construction, such as the symmetrical overall construction.
  • the carrier material referred to below carrier, consists - as for example in the patent application EP 106 20 92 described - from a fiber-reinforced matrix, which is a synthetic resin or possibly even a ceramic material.
  • Carbon fibers are used, for example, which withstand high tensile loads and contract under the influence of heat, ie have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion and sustainably stabilize a more or less thin stone slab.
  • the plate is particularly protected against cracks due to overstretching and heat, and counteracted the breakage by mechanical stress perpendicular to the earthenware.
  • the invention describes a suitable solution using trusses made of GRP parts or solid material, for example made of carbon-reinforced wood, which on the one hand high compressive strength and on the other hand must have insulating properties as possible in order to initiate the force on the one hand effectively in the fiber-reinforced stone slabs and still avoid thermal bridges in order to allow any Konsenswasser- and thus mold.
  • the overall construction of the novel wall construction described here takes into account the fact that the necessary vapor barrier is incorporated by the fiber matrix.
  • the stone slabs themselves can absorb and release a certain amount of water and thus have a regulating effect on the moisture balance in the interior.
  • the stone slabs On the outside , the stone slabs have the same effect and can thus become a cooling surface in the summer, when the moisture in the stone evaporates. If suitable granite is used, then such house walls are absolutely frost-proof and corrosion-free and virtually do not age, especially if they polished on the outside .
  • One of the many possible embodiments of the invention describes a plate of stoneware (1), which is stabilized on one side with a carbon fiber roving (2) ( Fig. 1 , Construction in cross section).
  • the connection between stone and fiber is produced by a temperature-stable epoxy resin matrix, which can be subjected to thermally stable depending on the application and their total coefficient of expansion of fiber and matrix is, if possible, smaller than the stone plate to be stabilized.
  • a further layer of insulating material for example polyurethane foam (3)
  • the plate with the aid of an epoxy resin adhesive bond (4) additionally mechanically stabilized and with the help of an additional - if possible the same or identical - stabilized flagstone (1) in construction built symmetrically to a house wall.
  • Force introduction elements (5) made of GRP profiles ensure that the loads are absorbed in the stone slabs via the fiber matrix (2).
  • a tilting bearing (6) made of CFS (carbon fiber-coated stone) or steel (20/60), the loads of the overlying ceiling (7) and wall elements upper floors (8) are placed on the force introduction elements (5).
  • Additional stiffeners (9) can additionally stiffen the carrier or connect non-positively at intervals.
  • Fig.2 shows the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment of the invention with another solution for the introduction of force into the house wall, which is necessary by the pressure of the overlying ceilings and other floors.
  • the figure shows two more or less thin thin stabilized stone slabs (1) which are stiffened over an insulating layer of foam material (3) by the plates with a layer of building adhesive (4) are connected.
  • a plywood block (5) with a sheath of carbon fiber matrix forms over the fiber coating of the Stone slabs the introduction of force into the two stone slabs.
  • On a tilting bearing (6) is the weight of the concrete floor (7) and the wall (8) for the floor above .
  • Fig. 3 shows the same arrangement as Fig. 2 with a framework of carbon fiber reinforced stone (CFS) for the introduction of force.
  • CFS carbon fiber reinforced stone

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine neuartige Wandkonstruktion. Diese Wandkonstruktion kommt zum Einsatz beim Bau von zum Beispiel Gebäuden oder Häusern. Bisherige Wandkonstruktionen weisen einen massiven Bau mit Beton oder Ziegel auf, die von außen mit Isoliermaterial bestückt werden. Im Unterschied hierzu wird die neue Wand aus einem symmetrischen Sandwich aus druckstabilen Platten gebildet, die in einem bestimmten Abstand gehalten sind. Zwischen den Platten befindet sich die isolierende Schicht, welche die Konstruktion über den Querschnitt aussteift. Die beiden Platten nehmen die Druckkräfte auf und bestehen aus besonders druckstabilem Material wie Naturstein, Kunststein aller Arten, Beton und sonstigem Steingut, sowie Keramik bis hin zu glashaltigen Substanzen oder Glas - im folgenden Steingut genannt - die zwar druckstabil, in der Regel aber auch durch eine spröde und bruchgefährdete Struktur gekennzeichnet sind. Hier sind besonders Natursteine wie Granit, granitähnliche Gesteine wie Gneis, sowie Marmor, Kalkstein, hochdruckfeste moderne Keramiken, Glaskeramik oder Glas zu erwähnen, sowie alle sonstigen Materialien aus Stein oder Keramik, natürlich oder künstlich entstandenem Steingut.The present invention relates to a novel wall construction. This wall construction is used in the construction of, for example, buildings or houses. Previous wall constructions have a massive construction with concrete or brick, which are equipped with insulating material from the outside . In contrast, the new wall is formed of a symmetrical sandwich of pressure-stable plates, which are held at a certain distance. Between the plates is the insulating layer, which stiffens the construction over the cross section. The two plates absorb the compressive forces and are made of particularly pressure-resistant material such as natural stone, artificial stone of all kinds, concrete and other earthenware, as well as ceramics to glass-containing substances or glass - in the following stoneware - the pressure stable, but usually also by a brittle and fragile structure are characterized . Here are especially natural stones such as granite, granite-like rocks such as gneiss, marble, limestone, high pressure-resistant modern ceramics, glass ceramic or glass to say, and all other stone materials or ceramic, natural or artificial entstandenem earthenware.

Diese Materialien zeichnen sich einerseits durch eine hohe Belastbarkeit bei Druckbeanspruchung bei einem vergleichsweise geringen spezifischen Gewicht aus, solche Materialien sind aber auch relativ instabil bei Zug- und Biegebelastung, insbesondere dann, wenn Sie möglichst dünn gehalten werden sollen und materialsparend und insbesondere so leichtgewichtig wie möglich ausgelegt werden sollen.These materials are characterized on the one hand by a high load capacity under compressive stress at a relatively low specific weight, but such materials are also relatively unstable under tensile and bending load, especially if you want to be kept as thin as possible and material saving and especially as lightweight as possible to be interpreted.

Dabei handelt es sich vorwiegend um dünne Steingutplatten, die bisher im Fassadenbau zu rein dekorativen Zwecken Verwendung finden und zusätzlich an tragenden Wandstrukturen angebracht werden.These are mainly thin stoneware slabs, which were previously used in facade construction for purely decorative purposes be found and additionally attached to supporting wall structures.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein tragendes Wandelement und schlägt damit einen Weg vor, solche dünn ausgelegten Stein bzw. Steingutplatten oder Keramik- bzw. Kunststeinplatten, die nachhaltig auf preiswerte Weise stabilisiert werden, und auf dem hier vorgeschlagenen Weg zum selbsttragenden Wandelement werden. Der Stein, die Keramik oder das Glas und sonstige druckstabile Materialien, - generell hier als das Steingut gezeichnet - welches bisher rein als Fassadenverkleidung zusätzliches Gewicht für den Bau von Gebäuden bedeutet, wird nunmehr selbst zum tragenden Element der Hauswand.The present invention relates to a load-bearing wall element and thus proposes a way to become such thinly laid stone or earthenware or ceramic or artificial stone slabs that are sustainably stabilized in a cost effective manner, and on the way proposed here for self-supporting wall element. The stone, the ceramic or the glass and other pressure-resistant materials - generally drawn here as the stoneware - which previously meant purely as facade cladding additional weight for the construction of buildings, is now itself the load-bearing element of the house wall.

Wichtig ist dabei, dass solche Wandelemente in weiten Temperaturbereichen formstabil bleiben und der "Bi-Metalleffekt" unterdrückt wird. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen ist es nicht nur nötig, die Steingutplatten oder Keramikplatten gegen Zug und damit verbundenen Bruch zu stabilisieren, sondern auch einen auf der zu stabilisierenden Steinseite an der Grenzfläche zwischen zu stabilisierendem Stein und Stabilisator einen Druckgradienten einzustellen, der praktisch gegen Null geht, damit die Steinlatte weder zu der einen Seite, noch zu der anderen Seite, auch bei wechselnden Temperaturen, gebogen wird und somit die sichtbare Fläche großflächig gerade und eben bleibt.It is important that such wall elements remain dimensionally stable in wide temperature ranges and the "bi-metal effect" is suppressed. To achieve this goal, it is not only necessary to stabilize the earthenware or ceramic plates against train and associated breakage, but also to set a pressure gradient on the stone side to be stabilized at the interface between stone to be stabilized and stabilizer, which practically goes to zero so that the stone slat is neither bent to one side, nor to the other side, even at changing temperatures, and thus the visible surface remains flat and even over a large area.

Einen solchen Weg schlägt die Erfindung mit einem symmetrischen Wandaufbau vor, wobei das Merkmal der Ebenheit der Steinplatte in weiten Temperatur- und Druckbereichen zu einem wesentlichen Kern der Erfindung wird, in Kombination mit einem zweiten kennzeichnenden Merkmal der Nutzung des Fassadenelements selbst als tragendes Teil.Such a way the invention proposes with a symmetrical wall structure, wherein the feature of the flatness of the flagstone in wide temperature and pressure ranges to an essential core of the invention, in combination with a second characteristic feature of the use of the facade element itself as a supporting part.

Der Weg gewährleistet, daß das Steingut unter den unterschiedlichsten thermisch bedingten mechanischen Belastungen, sowie auch rein mechanischen Belastungen so stabilisiert wird, daß sie durch eine, für die jeweiligen Einsatz- und Belastungsfälle geeignete, Stabilisierung vor mechanischer Zerstörung durch Reißen der Wandplatte einerseits, und insbesondere auch zusätzlich vor thermisch bedingtes Verbiegen geschützt werden. Die Formstabilität bei Temperaturunterschied auf der Wandinnen- und Wandaußenseite und auch damit bedingter Temperaturänderungen auf der wettabhängigen Seite ist dabei ebenfalls von kennzeichnender Bedeutung.The way ensures that the earthenware is stabilized under a variety of thermally induced mechanical loads, as well as purely mechanical loads that they suitable for the respective use and loading cases, stabilization against mechanical destruction by tearing the wall plate on the one hand, and in particular be additionally protected against thermal bending. The dimensional stability at temperature difference on the wall inside and outside of the wall and also related temperature changes on the wetted side is also of significant importance.

Kern der Lösung, das für solche selbsttragenden Wände in Sandwichbauweise am besten geeignete Stabilisierungsmantel zu finden ist es, den Gesamtausdehnungskoeffizient der inneren und äußeren Platte möglich klein und insbesondere möglichst gleich, also idealerweise fast bei Null zu halten. Die Erfindung basiert auf der Stabilisierung von einem symmetrischen Aufbau von zwei Steingutplatten durch ein teilweise oder ganzflächig auf dem Steingut aufgebrachtes faserhaltiges Trägermaterial, welches ermöglicht, das für die Stabilisierung von dünnen Steingutmaterialien benötigte Steingutmaterial möglichst dünn bzw. leicht und materialsparend zu halten und durch eine zusätzliche leichte und isolierende Trägerschicht in der Mitte über den Querschnitt so auszusteifen, dass die Gesamtkonstruktion sich möglichst wenig biegen kann, um den einwirkenden Knickbelastungen, auch solchen , die durch Temperaturunterschiede oder Temperaturänderungen entstehen, zu widerstehen und auszugleichen.The core of the solution, which is the most suitable stabilizing jacket for such self-supporting walls in sandwich construction, is to keep the overall expansion coefficient of the inner and outer plates as small as possible and, in particular, as equal as possible, ideally ideally close to zero. The invention is based on the stabilization of a symmetrical structure of two earthenware plates by a partially or completely applied to the earthenware fiber-containing carrier material, which allows the need for the stabilization of thin earthenware materials earthenware material as thin as possible or to save material and by an additional light and insulating carrier layer in the middle over the cross section auszusteifen so that the overall construction can bend as little as possible in order to withstand and compensate for the acting buckling loads, including those caused by temperature differences or temperature changes.

Durch den Stand der Technik ist beschrieben, wie Ziegelbauweise mit aufgemauerten Steinen, vor Ort aus Beton gegosseneBy the prior art is described as brick construction with bricks, cast in situ concrete

Wandelemente oder Fertigbauteile aus Beton, sowie gemauerter Stein-, Glas- oder Keramikbauweise, die statisch-dynamische Lasten aufnehmen müssen, Verwendung finden. Fachwerke aus Stahlkonstruktionen und Holz finden bereits Anwendung. Bekannt sind bisher Wandkonstruktionen, die über den Querschnitt massiv ausgeführt werden, um die Druckbelastungen aufzunehmen. Solche Wände werden dann unter Umständen zusätzlich einseitig mit einer wärmeisolierenden Schicht versehen, der Gesamt-Aufbau ist in der Regel dann im Querschnitt unsymmetrisch. Solche Wände können zusätzlich durch Verkleidungen optisch aufgewertet werden, was häufig mit Natursteinplatten oder anderen Steingutplatten ausgeführt wird.Wall elements or precast concrete elements, masonry stone, glass or ceramic construction, which must absorb static-dynamic loads, find use. Trusses made of steel structures and wood are already being used. So far, wall constructions are known which are made massive over the cross section to accommodate the pressure loads. Under certain circumstances, such walls are then additionally provided on one side with a heat-insulating layer; as a rule, the overall structure is then asymmetrical in cross-section. Such walls can be additionally upgraded visually by panels, which is often performed with natural stone slabs or other stoneware slabs.

Bisher nicht bekannt sind Bauformen, bei denen zum Beispiel die Natursteinplatte selbst zum tragenden Element wird und damit zwei Funktionen erfüllt, einmal die statischen Notwendigkeiten beim Hausbau optimal zu übernehmen und gleichzeitig eine optimale Optik zu bieten.So far unknown are designs in which, for example, the natural stone slab itself becomes the load-bearing element and thus fulfills two functions, once optimally taking over the static requirements of home construction and simultaneously providing optimum optics.

Die optimale Statik wird damit erreicht, dass eine solche Natursteinplatte zum Beispiel aus Granit eine doppelt so hohe Tragkraft besitzt, wie eine vergleichbare Betonplatte gleichen Gewichts. Dadurch wird leichteres, höheres und raumgewinnendes Bauen möglich, im Vergleich zur klassischen Beton und Ziegelbauweise. Auch im Vergleich zum Bauen mit Stahl wird Gewicht und Raum gespart, weil zum Beispiel Granit mit einem spezifischen Gewicht von Aluminium um einen Faktor 2,7 leichter ist als Stahl, dabei aber eine Druckstabilität besitzt, die dem von Baustahl sehr nahe kommt.The optimum statics is achieved by such a natural stone slab, for example, granite has twice as high load capacity, as a comparable concrete slab same weight. This makes lighter, higher and space-saving construction possible, compared to classic concrete and brick construction. In comparison to building with steel, weight and space are also saved because, for example, granite with a specific weight of aluminum is lighter by a factor of 2.7 than steel, but has a pressure stability very close to that of structural steel.

Es folgt eine bautechnische Beschreibung der Wandkonstruktion. Die zur Anmeldung gebrachte Erfindung betrifft den Bausektor, darin insbesondere den Hochbau, genauer den Hausbau mit Dienstleistungsgebäuden, Wohnhäusern, Pavillons, Hallen und jegliche Art von Gebäuden allgemein. Kern der Erfindung betrifft eine neuartige Technik zur Erstellung einer Hauswand als Gebäudeelement, mit den Funktionen der statischen Lastabtragung und der Fassade mit allen Funktionen einer Gebäudehülle und den entsprechenden physikalischen Anforderungen gemäss den aktuellen Normierungen.This is followed by a structural description of the wall construction. The invention filed for registration relates to the construction sector, in particular the building construction, more precisely the house construction with service buildings, dwelling houses, pavilions, halls and any kind of buildings in general. Core of the invention relates to a novel technique for creating a house wall as a building element, with the functions of static load transfer and the facade with all the functions of a building envelope and the corresponding physical requirements according to the current standards.

Die Wandelemente werden vorfabriziert und am Bau fertig versetzt. Die Deckenkonstruktionen werden auf die Wandelemente aufgesetzt. Die Wandelemente vereinigen alle statischen und bauphysikalischen Anforderungen in einem Sandwichaufbau. Die äußeren dünnen Scheiben aus Steingut oder sonstigen druckstabilen Materialien übernehmen hauptsächlich die Normalkräfte (Scheibenkräfte). Sie können direkt als fertige Oberflächen auf Sicht im Innen- und Außenbereich genutzt werden. Den Kern des Sandwiches bildet zum Beispiel ein schubsteifer wärmedämmender Schaum, der schubsteif mit den äußeren Scheiben verbunden ist. Mit dem Kern werden die Schubkräfte aus Biegebeanspruchungen aufgenommen, es ergibt sich eine ausreichende Biegesteifigkeit quer zum Element. Das Element ist damit gegen Knicken gesichert und es können horizontal quer zum Element auftretende Lasten wie zum Beispiel Windlasten aufgenommen werden. Die Lasteinleitungs- und Lastausleitungskonstruktion von den Geschossdecken auf dieses Sandwichelement bringt die Vertikallasten symmetrisch auf die Scheiben ohne eine bauphysikalisch untragbare Wärmebrücke zu erzeugen. Die Wasserdichtigkeit, Dampfdichtigkeit wird durch Zusammenwirken der Sandwichmaterialien mit speziellen Verbindungsdetails gewährleistet. Das Lastniveau ohne zusätzliche statische Strukturen liegt bei Gebrauchslasten >= 75 kN/m. Die Elemente werden vom statischen Prinzip als Pendelstützen in den Decken oben und unten gehalten eingebaut. Die Wärmedämmwerte können Minergiestandard erreichen.The wall elements are prefabricated and finished in construction. The ceiling constructions are placed on the wall elements. The wall elements combine all structural and structural requirements in a sandwich construction. The outer thin slices of stoneware or other pressure-resistant materials mainly take over the normal forces (disk forces). They can be used directly as finished surfaces for visibility indoors and outdoors . The core of the sandwich, for example, a shear-resistant insulating foam, which is shear-resistant connected to the outer discs. With the core, the thrust forces are absorbed by bending stresses, it results in a sufficient bending stiffness across the element. The element is thus secured against buckling and it can be horizontally across the element occurring loads such as wind loads recorded. The load introduction and load extraction design of the floor slabs on this sandwich element brings the vertical loads symmetrically on the discs without creating a physically unbearable thermal bridge. The watertightness, vapor-tightness is ensured by interaction of the sandwich materials with special connection details. The load level without additional static structures is at working loads> = 75 kN / m. The elements are of the static principle as Pendulum supports installed in the ceilings at the top and bottom. The thermal insulation values can reach Minergiestandard.

Die dünnen Scheiben bestehen aus einem druck- und schubfesten, wasserdichten Material wie zum Beispiel Beton, Naturstein, Glas, Keramik. Sie werden gesichert über Bewehrungen gegen Zugbeanspruchungen aus thermisch asymmetrischen Verformungen und gegen Zugspannungen im Bereich der Spannungsverteilung in den Lasteinleitungszonen, die zu unangekündigten Totalsprödbrüche führen könnten. Ebenso können Imperfektionen im Material und in der Konstruktion überbrückt werden und es wird ein gutmütiges, möglichst duktiles Materialverhalten erzeugt. Der Sandwichkern besteht aus einem schubsteifen, hoch wärmedämmenden Aufbau, in der Regel aus einem ausreichend festen Schaum.The thin discs consist of a pressure- and shear-resistant, waterproof material such as concrete, natural stone, glass, ceramics. They are secured by reinforcements against tensile stresses from thermal asymmetric deformations and against tensile stresses in the area of stress distribution in the load introduction zones, which could lead to unannounced total collapse fractures. Similarly, imperfections can be bridged in the material and in the design and it is produced a good-natured, ductile material as possible behavior. The sandwich core consists of a shear-resistant, highly heat-insulating construction, usually made of a sufficiently solid foam.

Die Lasteinleitung besteht aus einem thermisch schwach leitenden druck- und schubsteifen Element aus GFK oder Holz oder einem Fachwerk.The load introduction consists of a thermally weakly conductive pressure- and shear-resistant element made of GRP or wood or a truss.

Die Verbindungen zwischen den Scheiben und der Lasteinleitung, den Scheiben und des Sandwichkerns werden über dauerhafte schubsteife Verklebungen hergestellt. Es kommen handelsübliche Verklebungen zum Einsatz.The connections between the panes and the load introduction, the panes and the sandwich core are produced by means of permanent butt-resistant bonds. Commercially available bonds are used.

Das Element kann unter Erfüllung aller Anforderungen an eine Hauswand mit 15 - 20% des sonst üblichen Gewicht und damit Materialverbrauchs gebaut werden.The element can be built in compliance with all requirements for a house wall with 15 - 20% of the usual weight and thus material consumption.

Das Element spart weiterhin 20 - 50% Platz gegenüber vergleichbaren Konstruktionen. Das Element und die einzelnen Bestandteile sind einfach zu trennen und einer vergleichbaren Nutzung wieder zuzuführen. Das Element hat ein fertiges Oberflächenfinnisch auf Sicht. Im Element können haustechnische Installationen flexibel untergebracht werden. Die Elemente erlauben einen sehr schnellen Baufortschritt.The element still saves 20 - 50% space over comparable constructions. The element and the individual components are easy to separate and reuse for comparable use. The element has a finished surface Finnish on sight. In the element, technical installations can be flexibly accommodated. The elements allow a very fast construction progress.

Als isolierende Schichten können alle möglichen über den Querschnitt aussteifenden Lösungen angewendet werden, beispielsweise auch gerade, gewellte oder wabenförmige Papiermaterialien, die verschiedensten druckstabilen Schäume, Holzrahmen mit Hohlräumen in Verbindung mit Steinwolle, Schafswolle oder Stroh. Hier ist insbesondere auch das Blähglas zu erwähnen, welches sich bei geringem spezifischen Gewicht durch eine zusätzlich nutzbare große Druckstabilität auszeichnet und dabei sehr gute wärmeisolierende Eigenschaften bei einem sehr geringen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten mitbringt.As insulating layers, it is possible to use all possible cross-section stiffening solutions, for example also straight, corrugated or honeycomb paper materials, a wide variety of pressure-stable foams, wood frames with cavities in combination with rock wool, sheep wool or straw. Here, in particular, the expanded glass to mention, which is characterized by low specific weight by an additionally usable high pressure stability and thereby brings very good heat insulating properties with a very low expansion coefficient.

Für die Stabilisierung der Steinplatten selbst wird die Verwendung von Fasermaterialien mit Harzmatrix vorgeschlagen, wie Glasfaser- oder Aramidfaserlaminaten, Carbonfasern oder Steinfasern, sowie Naturfasermaterialien, die den Stein großflächig stabilisieren und an der Ausdehnung hindern. Der Naturstein selbst hat ein sehr geringes Ausdehnungsmodul, welches mit der Faserstabilisierung auf Null gebracht werden kann, da Naturstein aufgrund seiner porösen Struktur komprimierbar ist. In dem Fall, dass der Faserzug entsprechend groß wird und die richtige Faser verwendet wird, bzw. mit Hilfe der Faser eine entsprechende Vorspannung in den Verbund aus Fasermatrix und Stein gebracht werden kann, wird eine temperaturbedingte Ausdehnung der Steinplatte minimiert. Das Ergebnis ist eine druck- und zugspannungsbelastbare Platte, die in normalen Anwendungsfällen eine ausreichende Stabilisierung des Steinguts gegen Reißen und Bruch gewährleistet. Damit wird diese Platte im symmetrischen Gesamtverbund - faserstabilisierte Steinplatte - Isolationsquerschnitt - weitere faserstabilisierte Steinplatte - nicht nur aus Sicht der Optik im Innenbereich und Außenbereich attraktiv, sondern es wird eine völlig neuartige Wandkonstruktion darstellt, die bei gleicher Tragkraft etwa zweifach leichter ist bzw. dünner gehalten werden kann, als herkömmliche Hauswände und Gebäudekonstruktionen.For the stabilization of the stone slabs themselves, the use of fiber materials with resin matrix is proposed, such as glass fiber or aramid fiber laminates, carbon fibers or stone fibers, as well as natural fiber materials, which stabilize the stone over a large area and prevent it from expanding. The natural stone itself has a very low expansion modulus, which can be brought to zero with the fiber stabilization, since natural stone is compressible due to its porous structure. In the event that the fiber pull is correspondingly large and the right fiber is used, or by means of the fiber a corresponding bias voltage can be brought into the composite of fiber matrix and stone, a temperature-induced expansion of the flagstone is minimized. The result is a pressure and tension loadable plate, which ensures a sufficient stabilization of the earthenware against tearing and breakage in normal applications. Thus, this plate in the symmetrical overall composite - fiber-stabilized flagstone - insulation cross section - more fiber-stabilized flagstone - not only from the perspective of optics indoors and outdoors attractive, but it is a completely new Wall construction represents that with the same load capacity about twice lighter or can be kept thinner than conventional house walls and building structures.

Die Aufgabe, der Neigung von dünnen Naturstein-, Glas- und/oder Keramikplatten zum Brechen oder Reißen durch wesentlich leichtere Bauformen sicher entgegenzuwirken, wird durch verbesserte stabilisierende Eigenschaften des Trägers gelöst. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Trägermaterial eingesetzt, welches einen ähnlich geringen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten hat, wie die zu stabilisierende Steinplatte und welches ein sehr geringes spezifisches Gewicht hat. Das geringe Gewicht kombiniert mit einem geringen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten wird ebenso zum Kern der Erfindung der Erfindung dieser neuen Wandkonstruktion, wie der symmetrische Gesamtaufbau.The task of reliably counteracting the tendency of thin natural stone, glass and / or ceramic plates to break or tear by much lighter designs, is solved by improved stabilizing properties of the carrier. For this purpose, a support material is used, which has a similar low expansion coefficient, as the stone plate to be stabilized and which has a very low specific gravity. The low weight combined with a low coefficient of expansion also becomes the core of the invention of the invention of this new wall construction, such as the symmetrical overall construction.

Das Trägermaterial, im folgenden Träger genannt, besteht - wie zum Beispiel in der Patentanmeldung EP 106 20 92 beschrieben - aus einer faserverstärkten Matrix, die ein Kunstharz oder gegebenenfalls selbst ein Keramikmaterial ist. Es kommen dabei z.B. Carbonfasern zum Einsatz, die hohe Zugbelastungen standhalten und sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung zusammenziehen, also einen negativen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzen und eine mehr oder weniger dünne Steinplatte nachhaltig stabilisieren. Dadurch wird die Platte insbesondere gegen Risse durch Überdehnung und Hitzeeinwirkung geschützt, sowie dem Bruch durch mechanische Belastung senkrecht auf das Steingut entgegengewirkt. Zusätzlich müssen solche Platten - je nach Anwendungsfall - zusätzlich für mechanische Beanspruchungen - wie in der EP 106 20 92 mit einer Sandwicheinlage beschrieben - statisch (auch gegen Knickkräfte) stabil gemacht werden. Dies geschieht bei dieser Erfindung durch eine Schicht, die aus den oben skizzierten Lösungen für Isolationsmaterialien besteht.The carrier material, referred to below carrier, consists - as for example in the patent application EP 106 20 92 described - from a fiber-reinforced matrix, which is a synthetic resin or possibly even a ceramic material. Carbon fibers are used, for example, which withstand high tensile loads and contract under the influence of heat, ie have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion and sustainably stabilize a more or less thin stone slab. As a result, the plate is particularly protected against cracks due to overstretching and heat, and counteracted the breakage by mechanical stress perpendicular to the earthenware. In addition, such plates - depending on the application - in addition to mechanical stresses - as in EP 106 20 92 described with a sandwich insert - static (also against bending forces) are made stable. This is done in this invention by a layer consisting of the above outlined solutions for insulation materials.

Mit Hilfe des Einsatzes von zum Beispiel temperaturstabilen Epoxidharzen, Polyesterharzen, Harzen auf Phenol-, Polyimid-, Cyanatester-, Melamin-, Polyurethan- oder Silikonbasis, genannt Matrix, in Kombination mit z. B. Carbonfasern, die einen negativen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten haben, wird eine solche sichere Stabilisierung auch von sehr großen Steinplatten möglich. Es wird darüber hinaus die Forderung erfüllt, die mechanische Belastbarkeit und Temperaturbelastbarkeit von dünnen Steintragwerken so zu optimieren, daß der Gesamt-Ausdehnungskoeffizient der Platte in weiten Temperaturbereichen kontrolliert wird, um das Schüsseln der Gesamt-Platte zu vermeiden und trotzdem eine Leichtbauweise zu realisieren. Um die Druckkräfte, die von einer solchen Hauswand aufgenommen werden müssen, in die Wand einzuleiten, beschreibt die Erfindung eine geeignete Lösung mit Hilfe von Fachwerken aus GFK-Teilen oder Vollmaterial, zum Beispiel aus Carbon-verstärktem Holz, welches einerseits eine hohe Druckbelastbarkeit und andererseits möglichst isolierende Eigenschaften besitzen muss, um die Kraft einerseits wirkungsvoll in die faserverstärkten Steinplatten einzuleiten und trotzdem Wärmebrücken zu vermeiden, um keinerlei Konsenswasser- und damit Schimmelbildung zuzulassen. Die Gesamtkonstruktion der hier beschriebenen neuartigen Wandkonstruktion trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass die notwendige Dampfsperre durch die Fasermatrix eingebaut ist. Die Steinplatten selbst können eine gewisse Menge Wasser absorbieren und wieder abgeben und wirken damit regulierend auf den Feuchtigkeitshaushalt im Innenraum. Nach außen hin haben die Steinplatten die gleiche Wirkung und können damit im Sommer zur Kühlfläche werden, wenn die in dem Stein befindliche Feuchtigkeit verdunstet. Wenn geeigneter Granit zur Anwendung kommt, dann sind solche Hauswände absolut frostsicher und korrosionsfrei und altern quasi nicht, insbesondere dann, wenn sie an der Außenseite poliert sind.With the help of the use of, for example, temperature-stable Epoxy resins, polyester resins, phenolic, polyimide, cyanate ester, melamine, polyurethane or silicone based resins, called matrix, in combination with e.g. As carbon fibers, which have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, such a secure stabilization of very large stone slabs is possible. It is also the requirement to optimize the mechanical strength and temperature resistance of thin stone structures so that the total coefficient of expansion of the plate is controlled in wide temperature ranges, to avoid the bowls of the overall plate and still realize a lightweight construction. To initiate the pressure forces that must be absorbed by such a house wall in the wall, the invention describes a suitable solution using trusses made of GRP parts or solid material, for example made of carbon-reinforced wood, which on the one hand high compressive strength and on the other hand must have insulating properties as possible in order to initiate the force on the one hand effectively in the fiber-reinforced stone slabs and still avoid thermal bridges in order to allow any Konsenswasser- and thus mold. The overall construction of the novel wall construction described here takes into account the fact that the necessary vapor barrier is incorporated by the fiber matrix. The stone slabs themselves can absorb and release a certain amount of water and thus have a regulating effect on the moisture balance in the interior. On the outside , the stone slabs have the same effect and can thus become a cooling surface in the summer, when the moisture in the stone evaporates. If suitable granite is used, then such house walls are absolutely frost-proof and corrosion-free and virtually do not age, especially if they polished on the outside .

Eine der vielen möglichen Ausführungen der Erfindung beschreibt eine Platte aus Steingut (1), die einseitig mit einem Carbonfaserroving (2) stabilisiert wird (Abb. 1, Aufbau im Querschnitt). Die Verbindung zwischen Stein und Faser wird durch eine temperaturstabile Epoxidharzmatrix hergestellt, welche sich je nach Einsatzgebiet entsprechend thermisch stabil belasten lässt und deren Gesamt-Ausdehnungskoeffizent von Faser und Matrix nach Möglichkeit kleiner dem der zu stabilisierenden Steinplatte ist. Durch eine weitere Schicht aus Isoliermaterial, zum Beispiel PUR-Schaum (3) wird die Platte mit Hilfe einem Epoxid-Harz Klebverbindung (4) zusätzlich mechanisch stabilisiert und mit Hilfe einer zusätzlichen - nach Möglichkeit gleichen oder identischen - stabilisierten Steinplatte (1) im Aufbau symmetrisch zu einer Hauswand aufgebaut. Krafteinleitungselemente (5) aus GFK-Profilen sorgen für die Aufnahme der Lasten in die Steinplatten über die Faser-Matrix (2). Über ein Kipplager (6) aus CFS (Carbonfaser ummanteltem Stein) oder Stahl (20/60) werden die Lasten der darüber liegenden Decke (7) und Wandelemente oberer Stockwerke (8) auf die Krafteinleitungselemente (5) gebracht. Zusätzliche Aussteifungen (9) können die Träger zusätzlich aussteifen oder auch kraftschlüssig in gewissen Abständen verbinden.One of the many possible embodiments of the invention describes a plate of stoneware (1), which is stabilized on one side with a carbon fiber roving (2) ( Fig. 1 , Construction in cross section). The connection between stone and fiber is produced by a temperature-stable epoxy resin matrix, which can be subjected to thermally stable depending on the application and their total coefficient of expansion of fiber and matrix is, if possible, smaller than the stone plate to be stabilized. By a further layer of insulating material, for example polyurethane foam (3), the plate with the aid of an epoxy resin adhesive bond (4) additionally mechanically stabilized and with the help of an additional - if possible the same or identical - stabilized flagstone (1) in construction built symmetrically to a house wall. Force introduction elements (5) made of GRP profiles ensure that the loads are absorbed in the stone slabs via the fiber matrix (2). Via a tilting bearing (6) made of CFS (carbon fiber-coated stone) or steel (20/60), the loads of the overlying ceiling (7) and wall elements upper floors (8) are placed on the force introduction elements (5). Additional stiffeners (9) can additionally stiffen the carrier or connect non-positively at intervals.

Abb.2 zeigt die in Abb. 1 gezeigt Ausführung der Erfindung mit einer anderen Lösung für die Krafteinleitung in die Hauswand, die durch den Druck der darüber liegenden Decken und weitere Stockwerke notwendig wird. Die Abb. zeigt zwei mehr oder weniger große dünne stabilisierte Steinplatten (1), die über eine isolierende Schicht aus Schaummaterial (3) ausgesteift werden, indem die Platten mit einer Schicht aus Baukleber (4) verbunden werden. Ein Schichtholzklotz (5) mit einem Mantel aus Carbonfasermatrix bildet über die Faserbeschichtung der Steinplatten die Krafteinleitung in die beiden Steinplatten. Auf einem Kipplager (6) liegt das Gewicht der Betondecke (7) und der Wand (8) für das darüber liegende Stockwerk. Abb. 3 zeigt die gleiche Anordnung, wie Abb. 2 mit einem Fachwerk aus Carbonfaser-verstärktem Stein (CFS) für die Krafteinleitung. Fig.2 shows the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment of the invention with another solution for the introduction of force into the house wall, which is necessary by the pressure of the overlying ceilings and other floors. The figure shows two more or less thin thin stabilized stone slabs (1) which are stiffened over an insulating layer of foam material (3) by the plates with a layer of building adhesive (4) are connected. A plywood block (5) with a sheath of carbon fiber matrix forms over the fiber coating of the Stone slabs the introduction of force into the two stone slabs. On a tilting bearing (6) is the weight of the concrete floor (7) and the wall (8) for the floor above . Fig. 3 shows the same arrangement as Fig. 2 with a framework of carbon fiber reinforced stone (CFS) for the introduction of force.

Claims (6)

  1. Supporting wall element for buildings with two symmetrically arranged support plates (1) made of stone, natural stone, artificial stone, ceramics, concrete, glass or glass-containing material,
    - wherein an additional, the overall arrangement mechanically via the cross-sectional increase stabilizing layer of shear-resistant insulation material (3) between two carrier plates (1) is adhesively bonded to these,
    - wherein the carrier plates (1) are additionally stabilized with an only inside-mounted fibrous matrix (2) on basis of epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin polyamide resin, cyanate ester resin, melamine resin, polyurethane resin or silicone resin, or ceramic or water glass base,
    - wherein the matrix (2) contains fiber materials such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, stone fibers or natural and vegetable fibers or wood fibers,
    - wherein the expansion coefficient of the fiber matrix (2) is smaller than that of the support plates to be stabilized (1) and together with the stabilization layer of shear-resistant insulation material (3) has a coefficient of expansion which is smaller than that of the support plates (1) to be stabilized,
    - wherein the carrier plates (1) are pre-stressed by means of the fiber materials and
    - wherein the supporting wall element has a load introducing structure (5) at the top and bottom, which is connected via permanent shear-resistant adhesive bonds to the carrier plates.
  2. Supporting wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that both carrier plates (1) each consist of similar plate material.
  3. Supporting wall element according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the layer of shear-resistant insulating material (3) consists of a shear-resistant, insulating foam.
  4. Supporting wall element according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the layer of shear-resistant insulation material (3) consists of a wooden frame with cavities, which are filled with rock wool, sheep wool, straw or other insulating materials.
  5. Supporting wall element according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the force introduction (5) consists of wood, solid wood or a framework of fiber-reinforced earthenware, wood or other pressure-resistant materials.
  6. Supporting wall element according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the carrier plates (1) are each equiped with their own stiffeners, for example in the form of stiffening ribs, or arranged in such a way that stiffeners at certain intervals are arranged between the carrier plates, connecting them forcefitting.
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EP2350404A1 (en) 2011-08-03

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