EP3953079A1 - Method for producing a hollow shaft - Google Patents

Method for producing a hollow shaft

Info

Publication number
EP3953079A1
EP3953079A1 EP20717631.4A EP20717631A EP3953079A1 EP 3953079 A1 EP3953079 A1 EP 3953079A1 EP 20717631 A EP20717631 A EP 20717631A EP 3953079 A1 EP3953079 A1 EP 3953079A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
preform
hollow shaft
workpiece holder
tubular
forming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20717631.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernd RUDERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Winkelmann Powertrain Components GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Winkelmann Powertrain Components GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Winkelmann Powertrain Components GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Winkelmann Powertrain Components GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3953079A1 publication Critical patent/EP3953079A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning
    • B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
    • B21D41/04—Reducing; Closing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
    • B21H1/18—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution cylinders, e.g. rolled transversely cross-rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/066—Making machine elements axles or shafts splined

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a hollow shaft from a tubular preform by spinning, wherein both ends of the preform are each formed with at least one forming roller.
  • Such a method is known from DE 103 37 929 A1.
  • This document be writes a process for the production of one-piece hollow bodies with profiled end regions from a preform with a circular tube cross-section, the preform being stretched in its central region in a first process step. After completion of this ironing step, the preform is inserted into another workpiece holder and then at least one end area is ironed in a second method step and this end area is optionally further processed in a third method step.
  • this known method is relatively expensive, since it is necessary for the implementation of the various process steps to hold the preform or the partially already formed preform one after the other in different workpiece holders, so that a continuous forming process is not possible.
  • a complex adjustment is required to ensure exact concentricity of the preform with the forming rollers.
  • the method is limited to tubular preforms which can be ironed by spinning.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop such a method in such a way that it enables a continuous process sequence and can be used universally.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned in that a tubular preform with a round or polygonal cross-section is used and the preform is held by a workpiece holder in the middle pipe area during the entire manufacturing process up to the finished hollow shaft.
  • the method makes it possible to carry out the entire forming process with just one workpiece holder, so that the entire forming process can run continuously. This also eliminates the need for additional adjustments that would be required when changing the workpiece holder.
  • tubular preforms with a round (annular) or polygonal cross-section, so that the hollow shaft produced in this way is suitable for various purposes, e.g. for holding winding packages in an electric motor.
  • the preform is set in rotary motion relative to the at least one deformation roller, for which purpose the workpiece holder with the preform and / or the at least one deformation roller is driven.
  • the middle pipe area which is held by the workpiece holder, remains unchanged, while only the end areas are reshaped in a rotationally symmetrical manner, so that the middle area e.g. Winding packages of an electric motor can take up. Since the middle area is not reshaped, no inner mandrel is required in the middle area, but inner mandrels are only used in the two end areas, while the preform is held in the middle area from the outside by a workpiece holder.
  • Both drawn and welded tubes can be used as preforms.
  • the two ends of the preform are at least partially reshaped at the same time. On the one hand, this shortens the forming time and, on the other hand, results in a torque neutralization in the middle of the tube.
  • at least one end is stepped one or more times, ie axially adjoining areas with different diameters are produced.
  • an outer and / or inner profile is introduced into at least one end.
  • the finished hollow shaft is to have an external or internal profile at both ends, provision is accordingly made for a mandrel to be inserted into both ends.
  • a mandrel to be inserted into both ends.
  • To introduce an outer profile at least one correspondingly profiled forming roller and a non-profiled inner mandrel and for introducing an inner profile, at least one non-profiled order forming roller and a profiled inner mandrel are used.
  • the two inner mandrels are connected to one another in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner at the end.
  • the front ends of the two inner mandrels can e.g. have a spur toothing and are axially pressed against each other and thereby locked, so that lateral radial forces can be absorbed.
  • the deformation takes place at least temporarily with the application of heat.
  • the heat can be generated inductively, for example, and this application of heat can harden the component at the same time.
  • Fig. 2 is a section along the line A-A in Fig. 1 with three different implementation forms
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective illustration of the preform held in a central tube region by a workpiece holder during the forming process
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3, partly in longitudinal section,
  • FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a hollow shaft during the forming process using two divided inner mandrels
  • FIG. 9 shows a modification of FIG. 8 with two inner mandrels that are positively connected to one another in the axial direction
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the two inner mandrels according to FIG. 9,
  • FIG. 11 shows an end region of a preform with a shaping roller which applies a radial and axial force
  • FIG. 12 shows a perspective illustration of FIG. 11.
  • a tubular preform is indicated generally by 1 in FIG.
  • This rohrför shaped preform 1 can be a drawn or welded tube made of metal.
  • the tubular preform can have any round or polygonal cross section.
  • FIG. 2 it is indicated by way of example that it can have a circular, square or triangular cross section.
  • any cross-sectional shapes preferably polygonal cross-sectional shapes, are possible in adaptation to the respective application.
  • the central tube area la of the tubular preform 1 is not reshaped, this area is e.g. Suitable for receiving winding stacks of an electric motor or the like without further processing.
  • the tubular preform 1 is held by a workpiece holder 2 in its central pipe region la over the entire manufacturing process up to the finished hollow shaft.
  • This divided, ring-shaped workpiece holder 2 accordingly has an inner contour which corresponds to the outer contour of the tubular preform 1.
  • the entire process can be performed continuously without changing to another workpiece holder.
  • the two ends lb and lc of the preform 1 are at least partially formed simultaneously by means of forming rollers generally designated 3.
  • at least one forming roller 3 is provided for forming each of the two ends lb, lc.
  • three forming rollers 3 are indicated for the forming of the end lb and one forming roller 3 of the end lc.
  • the forming rollers 3 are, based on the longitudinal axis 4 of the preform 1, designed to be radially movable ver. Depending on the desired forming process, they can also be moved in the axial direction.
  • the pressure rollers 3 are rotated relative to the workpiece holder 2 and the tubular preform 1, so that either the pressure rollers 3 or the workpiece holder 2 with the preform 1 are driven.
  • the two ends 1b and 1c of the preform 1 are deformed in a rotationally symmetrical manner, i.e. the two ends lb and lc then no longer have a polygonal cross-sectional shape when the original preform 1 had a polygonal cross-section.
  • the polygonal cross section is of course retained in the unprocessed central area la.
  • the two ends lb and lc can be reshaped without changing the workpiece holder 2.
  • Fig. 5 it is shown that the two ends lb and lc see ge in the radial direction are each designed with two steps. These stepped areas are denoted in FIG. 5 by lb ', lb "and lc', lc", respectively.
  • a profile is introduced into the two ends lb and lc, namely in the end lb egg ne inner profile 5 and on the end lc an outer profile 6.
  • the inner profile 5 and the outer profile 6 can be a toothing, a Ränd development or another be geometric shape.
  • suitable forming rollers are used as forming rollers and internal mandrels.
  • FIG. 1 Another possible embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the preform 1 is held unchanged in its central area la in the workpiece holder 2 and in the already stepped end lb an inner mandrel 7 is axially out without profiling, while in the end lc an inner mandrel 8 with outer profiling 8a is inserted.
  • an inner mandrel 7 In order to introduce an outer profile 6 at the end lb of the preform 1 in the embodiment according to FIG. 8, in addition to the inner mandrel 7, at least one forming roller 9 with an outer profile 9a is provided.
  • At least one forming roller 10 without outer profiling is provided, ie the end lc is pressed by the forming roller 10 into the outer profile 8a of the inner mandrel 8 so that the inner profile 5 is created.
  • two separate inner mandrels 7 and 8 are not used, but the two inner mandrels 7 'and 8' are connected to one another at the end and / or in a form-fitting manner.
  • the two inner mandrels 7 'and 8' each have complementary face teeth 7a, 8a.
  • the inner mandrels 7 'and 8' are then compressed in the axial direction during the deformation by pressure on the outside, as a result of which lateral radial forces occurring during the deformation are intercepted.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 It is also possible to replenish metal material at at least one of the two ends 1b, 1c of the preform 1 during the deformation (in the deformation zone) when an axial force is applied to the respective end 1b or 1c.
  • This forming process is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • at least one forming roller 11 is used, which has a step-shaped, tubular outer circumferential area with a circumferential contact surface 11a.
  • an axial force F aX iai and a radial force F radiai are applied to the preform 1.
  • This material tracking can also be carried out several times, for example before the actual deformation of the ends 1b, 1c and afterwards.
  • the entire manufacturing process can be done by cold forming alone. All or at times, however, the deformation can also take place with the application of heat, for example by means of inductive heat generation. As a result, the preform 1 can harden at the same time.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a hollow shaft from a tubular preform by means of pressure rolling, wherein each end of the preform is shaped using at least one forming roller, a tubular preform (1) with a round or polygonal cross-section is used, and the preform (1) is held on a workpiece holder (2) in the central tube region (1a) during the entire production process until the hollow shaft is completed.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hohlwelle Method for manufacturing a hollow shaft
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hohlwelle aus einer rohrförmigen Vorform durch Drückwalzen, wobei beide Enden der Vorform jeweils mit wenigstens einer Umformrolle umgeformt werden. The invention relates to a method for producing a hollow shaft from a tubular preform by spinning, wherein both ends of the preform are each formed with at least one forming roller.
Ein solches Verfahren ist aus DE 103 37 929 Al bekannt. Diese Druckschrift be schreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von einteiligen Hohlkörpern mit profilierten Endbereichen aus einer Vorform mit kreisförmigem Rohrquerschnitt, wobei zu nächst in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt die Vorform in ihrem mittleren Bereich abgestreckt wird. Nach Abschluss dieses Abstreckschrittes wird die Vorform in ei nem anderen Werkstückhalter eingesetzt und anschließend wird in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt mindestens ein Endbereich abgestreckt und dieser Endbereich in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt ggf. weiterbearbeitet. Such a method is known from DE 103 37 929 A1. This document be writes a process for the production of one-piece hollow bodies with profiled end regions from a preform with a circular tube cross-section, the preform being stretched in its central region in a first process step. After completion of this ironing step, the preform is inserted into another workpiece holder and then at least one end area is ironed in a second method step and this end area is optionally further processed in a third method step.
Dieses bekannte Verfahren ist jedoch relativ aufwendig, da es für die Durchfüh rung der verschiedenen Verfahrensschritte notwendig ist, die Vorform bzw. die teilweise bereits umgeformte Vorform nacheinander in unterschiedlichen Werk stückhaltern zu halten, so dass kein kontinuierlicher Umformprozess möglich ist. Außerdem ist beim Wechsel des Werkstückhalters eine aufwendige Justierung er forderlich, um eine exakte Konzentrizität der Vorform mit den Umformrollen zu gewährleisten. Ferner ist das Verfahren auf rohrförmige Vorformen beschränkt, die durch Drückwalzen abgestreckt werden können. However, this known method is relatively expensive, since it is necessary for the implementation of the various process steps to hold the preform or the partially already formed preform one after the other in different workpiece holders, so that a continuous forming process is not possible. In addition, when changing the workpiece holder, a complex adjustment is required to ensure exact concentricity of the preform with the forming rollers. Furthermore, the method is limited to tubular preforms which can be ironed by spinning.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein solches Verfahren so weiterzuentwickeln, dass es einen kontinuierlichen Verfahrensablauf ermöglicht und universell einsetzbar ist. Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs bezeichneten Art erfin dungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass eine rohrförmige Vorform mit einem runden oder polygonalen Querschnitt verwendet und die Vorform während des gesamten Herstellprozesses bis zur fertigen Hohlwelle im mittleren Rohrbereich von einem Werkstückhalter gehalten wird. The object of the invention is to further develop such a method in such a way that it enables a continuous process sequence and can be used universally. This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned in that a tubular preform with a round or polygonal cross-section is used and the preform is held by a workpiece holder in the middle pipe area during the entire manufacturing process up to the finished hollow shaft.
Das Verfahren ermöglicht es, mit nur einem Werkstückhalter den gesamten Um formprozess durchzuführen, so dass das gesamte Umformverfahren kontinuierlich ablaufen kann. Dabei entfallen auch zusätzliche Justierungen, die bei einem Werkstückhalterwechsel erforderlich wären. Außerdem ist es möglich, rohrförmige Vorformen mit einem runden (kreisringförmigen) oder polygonalen Querschnitt zu verwenden, so dass sich die so hergestellte Hohlwelle für verschiedene Anwen dungszwecke eignet, z.B. für die Aufnahme von Wicklungspaketen bei einem Elektromotor. Während der jeweiligen Umformung wird die Vorform relativ zur wenigstens einen Umformrolle in Drehbewegung versetzt, wozu der Werkstück halter mit der Vorform und/oder die wenigstens eine Umformrolle angetrieben wird. Bei der Umformung bleibt der z.B. polygonale Querschnitt im mittleren Rohrbereich, der vom Werkstückhalter gehalten ist, unverändert, während nur die Endbereiche rotationssymmetrisch umgeformt werden, so dass ohne weitere Um formung der mittlere Bereich z.B. Wicklungspakete eines Elektromotors aufneh men kann. Da der mittlere Bereich nicht umgeformt wird, ist im mittleren Bereich auch kein Innendorn erforderlich, sondern es werden nur in die beiden Endberei che Innendorne eingesetzt, während die Vorform im mittleren Bereich von außen von einem Werkstückhalter gehalten wird. The method makes it possible to carry out the entire forming process with just one workpiece holder, so that the entire forming process can run continuously. This also eliminates the need for additional adjustments that would be required when changing the workpiece holder. In addition, it is possible to use tubular preforms with a round (annular) or polygonal cross-section, so that the hollow shaft produced in this way is suitable for various purposes, e.g. for holding winding packages in an electric motor. During the respective deformation, the preform is set in rotary motion relative to the at least one deformation roller, for which purpose the workpiece holder with the preform and / or the at least one deformation roller is driven. During the forming process, the e.g. polygonal cross-section in the middle pipe area, which is held by the workpiece holder, remains unchanged, while only the end areas are reshaped in a rotationally symmetrical manner, so that the middle area e.g. Winding packages of an electric motor can take up. Since the middle area is not reshaped, no inner mandrel is required in the middle area, but inner mandrels are only used in the two end areas, while the preform is held in the middle area from the outside by a workpiece holder.
Als Vorform können sowohl gezogene als auch geschweißte Rohre verwendet werden. Both drawn and welded tubes can be used as preforms.
In ganz besonders bevorzugter Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass die beiden Enden der Vorform wenigstens teilweise gleichzeitig umgeformt werden. Damit wird einerseits die Umformzeit verkürzt, andererseits führt dies zu einer Dreh momentneutralisierung im mittleren Rohrbereich. Je nach Anforderungen an die fertige Hohlwelle ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass wenigstens ein Ende ein- oder mehrfach abgestuft wird, d.h. es werden axial an einander angrenzende Bereiche mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern erzeugt. In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that the two ends of the preform are at least partially reshaped at the same time. On the one hand, this shortens the forming time and, on the other hand, results in a torque neutralization in the middle of the tube. Depending on the requirements for the finished hollow shaft, it is preferably provided that at least one end is stepped one or more times, ie axially adjoining areas with different diameters are produced.
Ferner ist vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass in wenigstens ein Ende eine Außen- und/ oder Innenprofilierung eingebracht wird. Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that an outer and / or inner profile is introduced into at least one end.
Dabei ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass vor dem Einbringen der Außen- und/oder Innenprofilierung in das wenigstens eine Ende ein ggf. profilierter Innendorn axial eingeführt wird. It is further provided that before the introduction of the outer and / or inner profiling into the at least one end, a possibly profiled inner mandrel is axially inserted.
Wenn die fertige Hohlwelle an beiden Enden eine Außen- oder Innenprofilierung aufweisen soll, ist entsprechend vorgesehen, dass in beide Enden jeweils ein In nendorn eingeführt wird. Zum Einbringen einer Außenprofilierung wird wenigstens eine entsprechend profilierte Umformrolle und ein nicht profilierter Innendorn und zum Einbringen einer Innenprofilierung wird wenigstens eine nicht profilierte Um formrolle und ein profilierter Innendorn verwendet. If the finished hollow shaft is to have an external or internal profile at both ends, provision is accordingly made for a mandrel to be inserted into both ends. To introduce an outer profile, at least one correspondingly profiled forming roller and a non-profiled inner mandrel and for introducing an inner profile, at least one non-profiled order forming roller and a profiled inner mandrel are used.
Es kann ganz besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass die beiden Innendorne stirnseitig kraft- und/oder formschlüssig miteinander verbunden werden. Die stirnseitigen Enden der beiden Innendorne können z.B. eine Stirnverzahnung aufweisen und werden axial gegeneinander gedrückt und dadurch verriegelt, so dass entstehende seitliche Radialkräfte abgefangen werden können. It can very particularly preferably be provided that the two inner mandrels are connected to one another in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner at the end. The front ends of the two inner mandrels can e.g. have a spur toothing and are axially pressed against each other and thereby locked, so that lateral radial forces can be absorbed.
Schließlich ist vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass die Umformung wenigstens zeitweise unter Wärmebeaufschlagung erfolgt. Die Wärme kann beispielsweise induktiv er zeugt werden und durch diese Wärmeaufbringung kann gleichzeitig eine Härtung des Bauteiles erreicht werden. Finally, it is advantageously provided that the deformation takes place at least temporarily with the application of heat. The heat can be generated inductively, for example, and this application of heat can harden the component at the same time.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Diese zeigen in Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine rohrförmige Vorform, The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. These show in 1 shows a longitudinal section through a tubular preform,
Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie A-A in Fig. 1 mit drei verschiedenen Aus führungsformen, Fig. 2 is a section along the line A-A in Fig. 1 with three different implementation forms,
Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Darstellung der in einem mittleren Rohrbereich von einem Werkstückhalter gehaltenen Vorform während der Umformung, 3 shows a perspective illustration of the preform held in a central tube region by a workpiece holder during the forming process,
Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht der Fig. 3, teilweise im Längsschnitt, FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3, partly in longitudinal section,
Fig. 5 einen Längsschnitt durch eine fertige Hohlwelle, 5 shows a longitudinal section through a finished hollow shaft,
Fig. 6 ein Detail X in Fig. 5, 6 shows a detail X in FIG. 5,
Fig. 7 ein Detail Y in Fig. 5, 7 shows a detail Y in FIG. 5,
Fig. 8 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Hohlwelle während der Umformung unter Verwendung zweier geteilter Innendorne, 8 shows a longitudinal section through a hollow shaft during the forming process using two divided inner mandrels,
Fig. 9 eine Abwandlung der Fig. 8 mit zwei in Axialrichtung formschlüssig mit einander verbundenen Innendornen, FIG. 9 shows a modification of FIG. 8 with two inner mandrels that are positively connected to one another in the axial direction,
Fig. 10 eine perspektivische Darstellung der beiden Innendorne nach Fig. 9, 10 shows a perspective view of the two inner mandrels according to FIG. 9,
Fig. 11 einen Endbereich einer Vorform mit einer eine radiale und axiale Kraft aufbringenden Umformrolle und 11 shows an end region of a preform with a shaping roller which applies a radial and axial force, and FIG
Fig. 12 eine perspektivische Darstellung der Fig. 11. FIG. 12 shows a perspective illustration of FIG. 11.
Eine rohrförmige Vorform ist in Fig. 1 allgemein mit 1 bezeichnet. Diese rohrför mige Vorform 1 kann ein gezogenes oder geschweißtes Rohr aus Metall sein. Für die Erfindung wesentlich ist, dass die rohrförmige Vorform einen beliebigen run den oder polygonalen Querschnitt aufweisen kann. A tubular preform is indicated generally by 1 in FIG. This rohrför shaped preform 1 can be a drawn or welded tube made of metal. For It is essential to the invention that the tubular preform can have any round or polygonal cross section.
In Fig. 2 ist beispielhaft angedeutet, dass sie einen kreisförmigen, quadratischen oder dreieckförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen kann. Generell sind in Anpassung an den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck beliebige Querschnittsformen, vorzugsweise polygo nale Querschnittsformen möglich. In FIG. 2 it is indicated by way of example that it can have a circular, square or triangular cross section. In general, any cross-sectional shapes, preferably polygonal cross-sectional shapes, are possible in adaptation to the respective application.
Da bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der mittlere Rohrbereich la der rohr förmigen Vorform 1 nicht umgeformt wird, ist dieser Bereich z.B. ohne weitere Bearbeitung zur Aufnahme von Wicklungspaketen eines Elektromotors od. dgl. geeignet. Since in the method according to the invention the central tube area la of the tubular preform 1 is not reshaped, this area is e.g. Suitable for receiving winding stacks of an electric motor or the like without further processing.
Um aus der rohrförmigen Vorform 1 durch Drückwalzen eine Hohlwelle herzustel len, ist erfindungswesentlich vorgesehen, dass die rohrförmige Vorform 1 über den gesamten Herstellungsprozess bis zur fertigen Hohlwelle in ihrem mittleren Rohrbereich la von einem Werkstückhalter 2 gehalten wird. Dieser geteilte, ring förmige Werkstückhalter 2 weist dementsprechend eine Innenkontur auf, die der Außenkontur der rohrförmigen Vorform 1 entspricht. In order to produce a hollow shaft from the tubular preform 1 by spinning, it is essential to the invention that the tubular preform 1 is held by a workpiece holder 2 in its central pipe region la over the entire manufacturing process up to the finished hollow shaft. This divided, ring-shaped workpiece holder 2 accordingly has an inner contour which corresponds to the outer contour of the tubular preform 1.
Da die Vorform 1 während des gesamten Herstellungsprozesses vom Werkstück halter 2 in ihrem mittleren Bereich la gehalten wird, kann der gesamte Verfah rensablauf kontinuierlich ohne Wechsel in einen anderen Werkstückhalter erfol gen. Since the preform 1 is held by the workpiece holder 2 in its central area la during the entire manufacturing process, the entire process can be performed continuously without changing to another workpiece holder.
Vorzugsweise ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die beiden Enden lb und lc der Vorform 1 wenigstens teilweise gleichzeitig mittels allgemein mit 3 bezeichneter Umform rollen umgeformt werden. Dabei ist zur Umformung jedes der beiden Enden lb, lc mindestens eine Umformrolle 3 vorgesehen. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 3 und 4 sind für die Umformung des Endes lb drei Umformrollen 3 und des Endes lc eine Umformrolle 3 angedeutet. Die Umformrollen 3 sind, bezogen auf die Längsachse 4 der Vorform 1, radial ver fahrbar ausgebildet. Je nach gewünschtem Umformvorgang können sie zusätzlich auch in axialer Richtung verfahrbar sein. It is preferably provided that the two ends lb and lc of the preform 1 are at least partially formed simultaneously by means of forming rollers generally designated 3. In this case, at least one forming roller 3 is provided for forming each of the two ends lb, lc. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, three forming rollers 3 are indicated for the forming of the end lb and one forming roller 3 of the end lc. The forming rollers 3 are, based on the longitudinal axis 4 of the preform 1, designed to be radially movable ver. Depending on the desired forming process, they can also be moved in the axial direction.
Während der Umformung werden die Drückrollen 3 gegenüber dem Werkstück halter 2 und der rohrförmigen Vorform 1 in Rotationsbewegung versetzt, so dass entweder die Drückrollen 3 oder der Werkstückhalter 2 mit der Vorform 1 ange trieben werden. During the forming process, the pressure rollers 3 are rotated relative to the workpiece holder 2 and the tubular preform 1, so that either the pressure rollers 3 or the workpiece holder 2 with the preform 1 are driven.
Durch die in den Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellte Umformung werden die beiden Enden lb und lc der Vorform 1 rotationssymmetrisch umgeformt, d.h. die beiden Enden lb und lc weisen dann keine polygonale Querschnittsform mehr auf, wenn die ur sprüngliche Vorform 1 einen polygonalen Querschnitt aufgewiesen hat. Der poly gonale Querschnitt bleibt selbstverständlich im unbearbeiteten mittleren Bereich la erhalten. As a result of the deformation shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the two ends 1b and 1c of the preform 1 are deformed in a rotationally symmetrical manner, i.e. the two ends lb and lc then no longer have a polygonal cross-sectional shape when the original preform 1 had a polygonal cross-section. The polygonal cross section is of course retained in the unprocessed central area la.
Ausgehend von der bereits an beiden Enden lb und lc umgeformten rohrförmi gen Vorform 1 können die beiden Enden lb und lc weiter ohne Wechsel des Werkstückhalters 2 umgeformt werden. Starting from the tubular preform 1 already reshaped at both ends lb and lc, the two ends lb and lc can be reshaped without changing the workpiece holder 2.
In Fig. 5 ist dargestellt, dass die beiden Enden lb und lc in radialer Richtung ge sehen jeweils zweifach abgestuft ausgebildet sind. Diese abgestuften Bereiche sind in Fig. 5 mit lb', lb" bzw. lc', lc" bezeichnet. Außerdem ist in die beiden Enden lb und lc jeweils eine Profilierung eingebracht, nämlich in das Ende lb ei ne Innenprofilierung 5 und auf das Ende lc eine Außenprofilierung 6. Die Innen profilierung 5 und die Außenprofilierung 6 können eine Verzahnung, eine Rände lung oder eine andere geometrische Form sein. In Fig. 5 it is shown that the two ends lb and lc see ge in the radial direction are each designed with two steps. These stepped areas are denoted in FIG. 5 by lb ', lb "and lc', lc", respectively. In addition, a profile is introduced into the two ends lb and lc, namely in the end lb egg ne inner profile 5 and on the end lc an outer profile 6. The inner profile 5 and the outer profile 6 can be a toothing, a Ränd development or another be geometric shape.
Zur Erzeugung der Innenprofilierung 5 bzw. der Außenprofilierung 6 werden ge eignete Formrollen als Umformrollen sowie Innendorne verwandt. To generate the inner profile 5 or the outer profile 6, suitable forming rollers are used as forming rollers and internal mandrels.
Ein weiteres mögliches Ausführungsbeispiel ist in Fig. 8 dargestellt. Die Vorform 1 ist unverändert in ihrem mittleren Bereich la im Werkstückhalter 2 gehalten und in das bereits abgestufte Ende lb ist ein Innendorn 7 ohne Profilierung axial ein geführt, während in das Ende lc ein Innendorn 8 mit Außenprofilierung 8a einge führt ist. Um beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 8 am Ende lb der Vorform 1 ei ne Außenprofilierung 6 einzubringen, ist neben dem Innendorn 7 wenigstens eine Umformrolle 9 mit einer Außenprofilierung 9a vorgesehen. Um andererseits in das Ende lc der Vorform 1 eine Innenprofilierung 5 einzubringen, ist neben dem In nendorn 8 mit Außenprofilierung 8a wenigstens eine Umformrolle 10 ohne Außen profilierung vorgesehen, d.h. das Ende lc wird von der Umformrolle 10 in die Au ßenprofilierung 8a des Innendornes 8 eingedrückt, so dass die Innenprofilierung 5 entsteht. Another possible embodiment is shown in FIG. The preform 1 is held unchanged in its central area la in the workpiece holder 2 and in the already stepped end lb an inner mandrel 7 is axially out without profiling, while in the end lc an inner mandrel 8 with outer profiling 8a is inserted. In order to introduce an outer profile 6 at the end lb of the preform 1 in the embodiment according to FIG. 8, in addition to the inner mandrel 7, at least one forming roller 9 with an outer profile 9a is provided. On the other hand, in order to introduce an inner profile 5 into the end lc of the preform 1, in addition to the inner mandrel 8 with outer profile 8a, at least one forming roller 10 without outer profiling is provided, ie the end lc is pressed by the forming roller 10 into the outer profile 8a of the inner mandrel 8 so that the inner profile 5 is created.
Im Unterschied zur Ausführungsform nach Fig. 8 werden bei der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 9 und 10 nicht zwei getrennte Innendorne 7 und 8 eingesetzt, son dern die beiden Innendorne 7' und 8' werden stirnseitig und/oder formschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Dazu weisen die beiden Innendorne 7' und 8' jeweils eine komplementäre Stirnverzahnung 7a, 8a auf. Die Innendorne 7' und 8' werden dann während der Umformung in axialer Richtung durch außenseitige Druckbeauf schlagung zusammengedrückt, wodurch bei der Umformung entstehende seitliche Radialkräfte abgefangen werden. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 8, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10, two separate inner mandrels 7 and 8 are not used, but the two inner mandrels 7 'and 8' are connected to one another at the end and / or in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, the two inner mandrels 7 'and 8' each have complementary face teeth 7a, 8a. The inner mandrels 7 'and 8' are then compressed in the axial direction during the deformation by pressure on the outside, as a result of which lateral radial forces occurring during the deformation are intercepted.
Es ist auch möglich, an wenigstens einem der beiden Enden lb, lc der Vorform 1 während der Umformung (in der Umformzone) Metallmaterial nachzuführen, wenn eine axiale Kraft auf das jeweilige Ende lb bzw. lc aufgebracht wird. Dieser Umformvorgang ist in den Fig. 11 und 12 dargestellt. Dabei wird wenigstens eine Umformrolle 11 verwendet, die einen stufenförmigen, rohrförmigen äußeren Um fangsbereich mit einer umlaufenden Anlagefläche 11a aufweist. Mit dieser Um formrolle 11 wird auf die Vorform 1 eine axiale Kraft FaXiai und eine radiale Kraft Fradiai aufgebracht. Diese Materialnachführung kann auch mehrfach, z.B. vor der eigentlichen Umformung der Enden lb, lc und danach, durchgeführt werden. It is also possible to replenish metal material at at least one of the two ends 1b, 1c of the preform 1 during the deformation (in the deformation zone) when an axial force is applied to the respective end 1b or 1c. This forming process is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. In this case, at least one forming roller 11 is used, which has a step-shaped, tubular outer circumferential area with a circumferential contact surface 11a. With this order forming roller 11, an axial force F aX iai and a radial force F radiai are applied to the preform 1. This material tracking can also be carried out several times, for example before the actual deformation of the ends 1b, 1c and afterwards.
Der gesamte Herstellungsprozess kann allein durch Kaltumformung erfolgen. Ganz oder zeitweise kann aber auch die Umformung unter Wärmebeaufschlagung statt finden, z.B. durch induktive Wärmeerzeugung. Dadurch kann gleichzeitig eine Härtung der Vorform 1 erfolgen. The entire manufacturing process can be done by cold forming alone. All or at times, however, the deformation can also take place with the application of heat, for example by means of inductive heat generation. As a result, the preform 1 can harden at the same time.
Bezuaszeichenliste: Reference list:
1 Rohrförmige Vorform la Mittlerer Rohrbereich lb, lc Enden 1 tubular preform la middle tube area lb, lc ends
lb', lc' Abgestufter Bereich lb", lc" Abgestufter Bereichlb ', lc' Graduated area lb ", lc" Graduated area
2 Werkstückhalter2 workpiece holders
3 Umformrollen3 forming rollers
4 Längsachse 4 longitudinal axis
5 Innenprofilierung 5 internal profiling
6 Außenprofilierung6 external profiling
7,7' Innendorn 7.7 'inner mandrel
8,8' Innendorn 8.8 'inner mandrel
8a Außenprofilierung 8a external profiling
8b Stirnverzahnung8b spur gear
9 Umformrolle 9 Forming roller
9a Außenprofilierung 9a external profiling
9b Stirnverzahnung9b spur gear
10 Umformrolle 10 forming roller
11 Umformrolle 11 forming roller
Faxiai axiale Kraft Faxiai axial force
F radial radiale Kraft Fra dial radial force

Claims

Patentansprüche: Patent claims:
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hohlwelle aus einer rohrförmigen Vorform durch Drückwalzen, wobei beide Enden der Vorform jeweils mit wenigstens einer Umformrolle umgeformt werden, 1. A method for producing a hollow shaft from a tubular preform by spinning, whereby both ends of the preform are each formed with at least one forming roller,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass eine rohrförmige Vorform (1) mit einem runden oder polygonalen Querschnitt verwendet und die Vorform (1) während des gesamten Herstellprozesses bis zur fertigen Hohlwelle im mittleren Rohrbereich (la) von einem Werkstückhalter (2) gehalten wird. that a tubular preform (1) with a round or polygonal cross section is used and the preform (1) is held by a workpiece holder (2) during the entire manufacturing process up to the finished hollow shaft in the central pipe area (la).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass eine gezogene oder geschweißte Vorform (1) verwendet wird. that a drawn or welded preform (1) is used.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die beiden Enden (lb,lc) der Vorform (1) wenigstens teilweise gleichzeitig umgeformt werden. that the two ends (lb, lc) of the preform (1) are at least partially reshaped at the same time.
4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass wenigstens eine Ende (lb,lc) ein- oder mehrfach abgestuft wird. that at least one end (lb, lc) is graded one or more times.
5. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass in wenigstens ein Ende (lb,lc) eine Außen- und/oder Innenprofilierung (5,6) eingebracht wird. that in at least one end (lb, lc) an outer and / or inner profile (5,6) is introduced.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Einbringen der Außen- und/oder Innenprofilierung (5,6) in das we nigstens ein Ende (lb,lc) ein ggf. profilierter Innendorn (7, 7', 8, 8') axial einge führt wird. characterized, that before the introduction of the outer and / or inner profiling (5, 6) in at least one end (lb, lc) an optionally profiled inner mandrel (7, 7 ', 8, 8') is axially inserted.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, 7. The method according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass in beide Enden (lb,lc) jeweils ein Innendorn (7, 7', 8, 8') eingeführt wird. that an inner mandrel (7, 7 ', 8, 8') is inserted into both ends (lb, lc).
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, 8. The method according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die beiden Innendorne stirnseitig kraft- und/oder formschlüssig miteinander verbunden werden. that the two inner mandrels are frictionally and / or positively connected to one another at the front.
9. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, 9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Umformung wenigstens zeitweise unter Wärmebeaufschlagung erfolgt. that the deformation takes place at least temporarily with the application of heat.
EP20717631.4A 2019-04-08 2020-04-06 Method for producing a hollow shaft Pending EP3953079A1 (en)

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DE102019109183.7A DE102019109183A1 (en) 2019-04-08 2019-04-08 Method for manufacturing a hollow shaft
PCT/EP2020/059743 WO2020207960A1 (en) 2019-04-08 2020-04-06 Method for producing a hollow shaft

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EP (1) EP3953079A1 (en)
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DE102021103704B3 (en) 2021-02-17 2022-05-19 GFU - Maschinenbau GmbH Gesellschaft für Umformung und Maschinenbau Method for producing a one-piece hollow shaft from a tubular metal workpiece, hollow shaft and device produced therewith and their use
DE102021105744A1 (en) 2021-03-10 2022-09-15 Winkelmann Powertrain Components GmbH & Co. KG. hollow rotor shaft
DE102021106672A1 (en) 2021-03-18 2022-09-22 Winkelmann Powertrain Components GmbH & Co. KG. Method for manufacturing a hollow shaft
DE102021127200B3 (en) 2021-10-20 2022-12-08 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Method and flow-forming machine for producing a flow-formed hollow shaft
AU2022279411A1 (en) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-15 Eta Green Power Limited Motor rotor and methods of manufacture

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DE102019109183A1 (en) 2020-10-08

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