EP3944229A1 - Laminiertes schallabsorbierendes material - Google Patents

Laminiertes schallabsorbierendes material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3944229A1
EP3944229A1 EP19920759.8A EP19920759A EP3944229A1 EP 3944229 A1 EP3944229 A1 EP 3944229A1 EP 19920759 A EP19920759 A EP 19920759A EP 3944229 A1 EP3944229 A1 EP 3944229A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
fiber
fiber layer
porous layer
frequency range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19920759.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3944229A4 (de
Inventor
Takayuki Hattori
Hidemi Ito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JNC Corp
JNC Fibers Corp
Original Assignee
JNC Corp
JNC Fibers Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=69568050&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3944229(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by JNC Corp, JNC Fibers Corp filed Critical JNC Corp
Publication of EP3944229A1 publication Critical patent/EP3944229A1/de
Publication of EP3944229A4 publication Critical patent/EP3944229A4/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • B60R13/0815—Acoustic or thermal insulation of passenger compartments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sound absorbing material having a laminated structure in which two or more types of layers are laminated.
  • a sound absorbing material is a product having a function of absorbing sound and is widely used in the fields of construction and automobiles.
  • Use of a nonwoven fabric as a material constituting a sound absorbing material is known.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses that a support body layer and a submicron fiber layer laminated on the support body layer are included as a multilayer article having a sound absorbing property, in which the submicron fiber layer has a central fiber diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m and an average fiber diameter in a range of 0.5 to 0.7 ⁇ m and is formed by a molten film fibrillation method or an electro spinning method.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a laminated article in which a polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven fabric having a basis weight (basis weight) of 100 g/m 2 and a diameter of about 18 ⁇ m is used as a support body layer, and a submicron polypropylene fiber having a basis weight of 14 to 50 g/m 2 and an average fiber diameter of about 0.56 ⁇ m is laminated thereon. Also, another example discloses a multilayer article in which electrospun polycaprolactone fibers having a basis weight of 6 to 32 g/m 2 and an average fiber diameter of 0.60 ⁇ m are laminated on a polyester card-treated web having a basis weight of 62 g/m 2 . The multilayer articles produced in the examples have been measured for sound absorption characteristics, and this has shown that the sound absorption characteristics are superior to sound absorption characteristics of the support body alone.
  • Patent Literature 2 discloses a laminated structure for improving acoustic comfort (reducing and optimizing sound reflection components) and thermal comfort including an organic polymer foamed body having an open porosity in a specific range as a support layer, a glass fabric having specific permeability resistance as a surface layer, and a discontinuous adhesive layer between the support layer and the surface layer.
  • examples of the organic polymer foamed body include polyurethane, particularly polyester urethane, neoprene (registered trademark), and those using silicone or melamine as a basic material, and a density thereof is preferably 10 to 120 kg/m 3 and a thickness is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
  • Patent Literature 3 discloses a multilayer sheet used as an insulator for automobiles.
  • the multilayer sheet of Patent Literature 3 is one in which a first porous sheet and a second porous sheet are fused and integrated by polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics inserted therebetween.
  • Short-fiber adhesive entangled nonwoven fabric sheets, glass wool mat sheets, and the like are exemplified as the first porous sheet and the second porous sheet, dense polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics with low air permeability are inserted therebetween, and when the melt-blown nonwoven fabrics with an average fiber diameter of 2 ⁇ m or less are used, it is thought that the fibers can be uniformly dispersed and a physical property of the low air permeability of the melt-blown nonwoven fabrics can be inherited even when they are melted during molding.
  • an objective of the present invention is to provide a sound absorbing material having an excellent sound absorbing property in a low-frequency range, an intermediate-frequency range, and preferably a higher frequency range.
  • the inventors conducted intensive research to solve the above-described problems. As a result, they found that the above-described problems can be solved when a laminated sound absorbing material including a porous layer and a fiber layer is made to have a structure including a dense fiber layer having a mean flow pore size in a specific range and an air permeability in a specific range, and a sparse porous layer having a constant thickness and density and formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of a foamed resin, a nonwoven fabric, and a woven fabric, and thus completed the present invention.
  • the present invention has the following configurations.
  • a high sound absorbing property can be realized with a small number of layers, and a thickness of a sound absorbing material can be reduced.
  • a sound absorbing material having excellent sound absorbing characteristics can be obtained in a low-frequency range, an intermediate-frequency range, and preferably a higher frequency range.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention is excellent in sound absorbing performance in a range in which a peak of sound absorbing characteristics is lower than that of a conventional sound absorbing material, that is, in a range of 2000 Hz or less and particularly in a range of 1000 Hz or less.
  • a peak of sound absorbing characteristics is lower than that of a conventional sound absorbing material, that is, in a range of 2000 Hz or less and particularly in a range of 1000 Hz or less.
  • most of daily life noise is about 200 to 500 Hz
  • road noise is about 100 to 500 Hz
  • noise during acceleration or a transmission change is about 100 to 2000 Hz
  • wind noise during vehicle traveling is about 800 to 2000 Hz.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention is useful for a countermeasure against such noise.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention is lighter than a sound absorbing material made of a porous material, a glass fiber, or the like, weight reduction and space saving of the member is possible, and it is particularly useful as a sound absorbing material for the field of automobiles in this respect.
  • a laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention is a laminated sound absorbing material including at least a fiber layer and a porous layer, in which the fiber layer has a mean flow pore size of 1.0 to 60 ⁇ m and an air permeability of 30 to 220 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s by the Frazier method, the porous layer is a layer formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of a foamed resin, a nonwoven fabric, and a woven fabric and has a thickness of 3 to 40 mm and a density which is lower than that of the fiber layer and is 3 to 50 kg/m 3 , and the fiber layer is disposed on a sound incidence side.
  • At least one fiber layer is included, and specifically, one or two layers can be included, but one layer is more preferable from the perspective of reducing a thickness of the sound absorbing material.
  • Each fiber layer may be formed of one fiber aggregate or may have a form in which a plurality of fiber aggregates is overlapped in one fiber layer.
  • at least one fiber layer is disposed on a sound incidence side.
  • the fiber layer and the porous layer included in the laminated sound absorbing material may be one type each but may be two or more different types of fiber layers or porous layers. Also, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, a constituent other than the fiber layer and the porous layer may be included, and for example, an additional fiber layer (one layer or two or more layers), a printing layer, a foamed body, a foil, a mesh, a woven fabric, or the like outside the range specified in the present invention may be included. Also, an adhesive layer, a clip, a suture thread, or the like for connecting each layer may be included.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention may be a two-layer laminate in which a fiber layer is disposed on a sound incidence side and a porous layer is disposed on a sound transmission side, may be a three-layer laminate in which a porous layer is sandwiched between a first fiber layer and a second fiber layer, or may be a four-layer laminate in which a first fiber layer/a first porous layer/a second fiber layer/a second porous layer are laminated in that order.
  • a first fiber layer and a second fiber layer may have densities that are the same as or different from each other.
  • the second fiber layer positioned on the sound transmission side preferably has a higher density than the first fiber layer.
  • a first porous layer and a second porous layer may have densities that are the same as or different from each other.
  • the second porous layer positioned on a sound transmission side preferably has a higher density than the first porous layer.
  • Spaces between layers of the laminated sound absorbing material may or may not be physically and/or chemically adhered.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material may have a form in which a part between the plurality of layers is adhered and a part therebetween is not adhered.
  • the fiber layer and the porous layer may be adhered by performing heating to melt some of the fibers constituting the fiber layer and fusing the fiber layer to the porous layer, for example, in a step of forming the fiber layer or as a post-step. It is also preferable to adhere the layers by applying an adhesive to a surface of the porous layer or the fiber layer and then overlapping the porous layer or the fiber layer thereon.
  • a thickness of the laminated sound absorbing material is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained, but can be, for example, 3 to 50 mm, preferably 3 to 40 mm, and more preferably 3 to 30 mm from the perspective of a space-saving property. Further, the thickness of the laminated sound absorbing material is typically a total thickness of the fiber layer and the porous layer, and when an exterior body such as a cartridge or a lid is attached, a thickness of that portion is not included therein.
  • An air permeability of the laminated sound absorbing material is not particularly limited as long as desired sound absorbing performance can be obtained, but can be 30 to 500 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s, preferably 30 to 220 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s, and more preferably 45 to 220 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • the air permeability is 30 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s or more, there is no decrease in sound absorption coefficient due to sound reflection on a surface of the sound absorbing material, and when the air permeability is 500 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s or less, tortuosity inside the sound absorbing material decreases and there is no decrease in energy loss inside the sound absorbing material.
  • a density of the fiber layer is preferably higher than a density of the porous layer, in other words, it is preferable to have a structure in which a layer having a relatively low density (porous layer) is positioned on a sound transmission side with respect to a layer having a high density (fiber layer) or is sandwiched between the fiber layers.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention reduces sound reflection by having high air permeability, and furthermore, can obtain a high sound absorbing property by employing a porous layer having an excellent sound absorbing property.
  • a fiber layer having a high density and low air permeability can be obtained by, for example, making fibers constituting the fiber layer small in diameter.
  • the air permeability can also be adjusted by a method such as embossing or heating and pressurizing. Further, the air permeability can be measured by a known method, for example, by the Frazier method.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material has a laminated structure in which the porous layer is positioned downstream (sound transmission side) of the fiber layer, or the porous layer is sandwiched between the fiber layers.
  • a distance between the fiber layers (also referred to as a thickness of the porous layer or an interlayer distance) is preferably 3 to 40 mm.
  • the interlayer distance is 3 mm or more, sound absorbing performance in a low-frequency range is satisfactory, and when the interlayer distance is 40 mm or less, a thickness of the sound absorbing material does not become too large and a sound absorbing material having an excellent space-saving property can be obtained.
  • the sound absorbing material of the present invention preferably has a structure in which a thick porous layer is sandwiched between thin fiber layers, and a thickness of the porous layer preferably occupies most of the thickness of the laminated sound absorbing material.
  • the fiber layer included in the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention is a layer formed of fibers having an average fiber diameter of 30 nm to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the layer is preferably formed of fibers having an average fiber diameter of 50 nm to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the average fiber diameter of 30 nm to 30 ⁇ m means that the average fiber diameter is within this numerical range. When the fiber diameter is in the range of 30 nm to 30 ⁇ m, this is preferable because a high sound absorbing property can be obtained.
  • the fiber diameter can be measured by a known method. For example, the fiber diameter is a value obtained by measuring or calculating from an enlarged image of a surface of the fiber layer, and a detailed measurement method is described in detail in examples.
  • one fiber layer may be formed of one fiber aggregate, and one in which a plurality of fiber aggregates is included in one fiber layer and layers of the fiber aggregates are overlapped may form one fiber layer.
  • the fiber aggregate is a fiber aggregate which is configured as one continuum.
  • a basis weight of the fiber layer is preferably 0.01 to 500 g/m 2 , and more preferably 0.1 to 200 g/m 2 . When the basis weight is 0.1 g/m 2 or more, control of flow resistance due to a density difference between the fiber layer and the porous layer is satisfactory, and when the basis weight is less than 500 g/m 2 , the productivity as a sound absorbing material is excellent.
  • a thickness of the fiber layer is preferably thin, specifically, preferably less than 2.9 mm, more preferably less than 2.0 mm, still more preferably less than 1.5 mm, and particularly preferably less than 1 mm.
  • An air permeability of the fiber layer is 30 to 220 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s, and preferably 40 to 220 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s. It is thought that, when the air permeability is 30 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s or more, sound generated from a sound source can be introduced into the sound absorbing material, and thus the sound can be efficiently absorbed, and when the air permeability is 220 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s or less, a flow of sound waves with respect to the porous layer inside can be adjusted, and thus this is preferable. Also, a mean flow pore size of the fiber layer can be 1.0 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1.0 to 60 ⁇ m.
  • the mean flow pore size is 1.0 ⁇ m
  • a reflected wave to be able to be suppressed and the sound to be able to be taken into the sound absorbing material
  • the mean flow pore size is 100 ⁇ m or less
  • the sound can be efficiently eliminated inside the sound absorbing material by confining the sound inside the sound absorbing material in the fiber layer and the porous layer controlled by the density.
  • the fiber aggregate constituting the fiber layer is preferably a nonwoven fabric and is not particularly limited as long as a fiber diameter and a basis weight thereof are in the range described above, but is preferably a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, a melt-blown nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric formed by an electrospinning method, or the like. According to the melt-blown nonwoven fabric, fibers having a small diameter can be efficiently laminated on another member such as a base material. Details of the melt-blown nonwoven fabric will be described in description of the manufacturing method.
  • a resin constituting the fiber layer is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the invention can be obtained, and examples thereof include a polyolefin-based resin, polyurethane, polylactic acid, an acrylic resin, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, nylons (amide resins) such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and nylon 1,2, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polysulfone, liquid crystal polymers, a polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, and the like.
  • polyethylene resin a polyethylene resin and a polypropylene resin
  • a polyethylene resin and a polypropylene resin can be exemplified.
  • the polyethylene resin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and the like can be exemplified
  • the polypropylene resin a propylene homopolymer, a polypropylene copolymer in which propylene and other monomers and ethylene, butene, or the like are polymerized, and the like can be exemplified.
  • the fiber aggregate preferably contains one type of the above-described resins and may also include two or more types.
  • the fiber layer is preferably a spunbonded nonwoven fabric using flat yarn in which a cross-sectional shape of the fiber is flat.
  • a spunbonded nonwoven fabric using flat yarn having a denier of 0.01 to 20 dtex such as a polyolefin-based resin (polypropylene, polyethylene), polyethylene terephthalate, and nylon may be prepared and used as the flat yarn, and a product available on the market can also be used.
  • a product available on the market for example, Eltas FLAT, Eltas Emboss (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), or the like can be preferably used. It is thought that the spunbonded nonwoven fabric using flat yarn can be preferably used for the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention due to its low basis weight, small thickness, and high density.
  • the above-described fiber may contain additives of various types other than a resin.
  • additives that can be added to a resin for example, a filler, a stabilizer, a plasticizer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, an adhesion promoter (for example, silane and titanate), silica, glass, clay, talc, a pigment, a colorant, an antioxidant, a fluorescent whitening agent, an antibacterial agent, a surfactant, a flame retardant, and a fluoropolymer can be exemplified.
  • a weight and/or costs of the fibers and layers to be obtained may be reduced, viscosity may be adjusted, thermal properties of the fibers may be modified, or activation of various physical properties derived from properties of the additives including electrical properties, optical properties, properties related to a density, or properties related to a liquid barrier or adhesiveness may be imparted.
  • the porous layer in the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention has a sound absorbing property and a function of keeping a shape of the entire sound absorbing material by supporting the fiber layer.
  • the porous layer may be formed of one porous layer or may be in a form in which a plurality of porous layers is overlapped.
  • the porous layer has a density lower than that of the fiber layer by the Frazier method, is a layer formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of a foamed resin, a nonwoven fabric, and a woven fabric, and has a thickness of 3 to 40 mm and a density of 3 to 50 kg/m 3 .
  • the nonwoven fabric or the woven fabric is preferably formed of at least a fiber of one type selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene phthalate fiber, a polybutylene terephthalate fiber, a polyethylene fiber, a polypropylene fiber, and a glass fiber, or formed of a composite fiber in which two or more types thereof are composited.
  • the porous layer is particularly preferably a layer formed of a urethane foam resin or a melamine foam resin.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material may include a member of one type and preferably includes members of two or more types. Since it is particularly preferable that these have air permeability, it is preferable to have open pores when the air permeability is low.
  • the foamed resin is preferably a foamed resin having open cells (communicating pores).
  • a resin constituting the above-described foamed resin for example, a polyolefin-based resin, a polyurethane-based resin, and a melamine-based resin can be exemplified.
  • a polyolefin-based resin a homopolymer such as ethylene, propylene, butene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, or the like, a random or block copolymer of these with other ⁇ -olefins, that is, with one or more of ethylene, propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, and the like, a copolymer obtained by combining them, or a mixture thereof can be exemplified.
  • the porous layer is positioned downstream of the fiber layer (sound transmission side) or is positioned between the fiber layers.
  • the porous layer may also be included as a layer positioned on an outermost surface of the laminated sound absorbing material.
  • the member may form the porous layer with only one layer, and it is also preferable that two or more layers be continuously disposed to form one porous layer. When two or more layers of the member are continuously disposed, there is an advantage that an interlayer distance of the layer can be controlled by a thickness of the porous layer.
  • a density of the porous layer is preferably 3 to 50 kg/m 3 and preferably 6 to 45 kg/m 3 .
  • a foamed resin layer having open cells (communicating pores) is preferable, and examples thereof include a urethane foam resin, an acrylic-based foam resin, a melamine foam resin, and the like.
  • the density is 3 kg/m 3 or more, it is preferable in terms of good moldability and being easily obtainable due to being available on the market generally, and when the density is 50 kg/m 3 or less, it is preferable because it is lightweight as the sound absorbing material and has high workability during installation or the like.
  • the porous layer preferably has a thickness of 3 mm or more.
  • An upper limit of the thickness of the porous layer is not particularly limited, but from the perspective of a space-saving property, it is preferably 3 to 60 mm and more preferably 3 to 40 mm.
  • a thickness of each member constituting the porous layer can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m to 60 mm and preferably 3 mm to 60 mm.
  • a thickness of the member is 20 ⁇ m or more, wrinkles do not occur, handling is easy, and the productivity is satisfactory, and when the thickness of the member is 60 mm or less, there is no likelihood of hindering the space-saving property.
  • the porous layer is a thicker layer having a lower density than the fiber layer, and it is thought that such a structure reduces sound reflection and contributes to a sound absorbing property.
  • An air permeability of the porous layer can be, for example, 10 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s or more.
  • Additives of various types such as, for example, a colorant, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorbing agent, a neutralizer, a nucleating agent, a lubricant, an antibacterial agent, a flame retardant, a plasticizer, other thermoplastic resins, and the like may be added to the porous layer within a range not hindering the effects of the present invention.
  • a surface thereof may be treated with finishing agents of various types, and thereby functions such as water repellency, an antistatic property, surface smoothness, wear resistance, and the like may be imparted.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention has a feature of having an excellent sound absorbing property particularly in a low-frequency range (frequency range of 500 to 1000 Hz or less), an intermediate-frequency range (frequency range of 1600 to 2500 Hz), and preferably a higher frequency range (frequency range of 5000 to 10000 Hz).
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention exhibits sound absorbing characteristics different from those of conventional sound absorbing materials in that the sound absorbing property is excellent particularly in the range of 500 Hz to 1000 Hz.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention can obtain a small thickness and a performance of having excellent absorbency in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range as a result of utilizing a density difference between the fiber layer and the porous layer to control flow resistance of sound waves and utilizing transmission, reflection, and interference of the sound waves.
  • a sound absorption coefficient by a vertical incidence sound absorption coefficient measuring method at the frequency of 500 to 1000 Hz be improved by 0.03 or more compared to a sound absorption coefficient of a case in which only one porous layer is included in the laminated sound absorbing material.
  • a sound absorption coefficient by the vertical incidence sound absorption coefficient measuring method at the frequency of 1600 to 2500 Hz be improved by 0.03 or more compared to the sound absorption coefficient of the case in which only one porous layer is included in the laminated sound absorbing material.
  • a sound absorption coefficient by the vertical incidence sound absorption coefficient measuring method at the frequency of 5000 to 10000 Hz be improved by 0.03 or more compared to the sound absorption coefficient of the case in which only one porous layer is included in the laminated sound absorbing material.
  • a method of manufacturing the laminated sound absorbing material is not particularly limited, but can be obtained by a manufacturing method including, for example, a step of preparing a fiber layer that forms a fiber aggregate of one layer on one porous layer, and a step of overlapping and integrating a predetermined number of a plurality of fiber layers in a predetermined order.
  • a manufacturing method including, for example, a step of preparing a fiber layer that forms a fiber aggregate of one layer on one porous layer, and a step of overlapping and integrating a predetermined number of a plurality of fiber layers in a predetermined order.
  • an additional layer for example, an additional protective layer
  • a foamed resin, a nonwoven fabric, and/or a woven fabric used as the porous layer may be manufactured by a known method and used, or a product available on the market may be selected and used.
  • a method of overlapping and integrating a plurality of laminates formed of two layers of the porous layer/the fiber layer obtained as described above is not particularly limited and may be simple overlapping without performing adhesion, and adhesion methods of various types, that is, thermo-compression bonding with a heated flat roll or embossed roll, adhesion with a hot melt agent or a chemical adhesive, thermal adhesion with circulating hot air or radiant heat, and the like can also be employed.
  • a heat treatment with circulating hot air or radiant heat is particularly preferable from the perspective of suppressing deterioration of physical properties of the fiber layer.
  • thermo-compression bonding with a flat roll or embossed roll deterioration in performance such as deterioration of sound absorption characteristics is likely to occur and stable manufacture is likely to be difficult because of damage such as the fiber layer being melted to form a film and tearing occurring at a portion near an embossed point.
  • adhesion with a hot melt agent or a chemical adhesive spaces between fibers of the fiber layer may be filled with components thereof, and deterioration in performance is likely to occur.
  • integration by the heat treatment with circulating hot air or radiant heat is preferable because damage to the fiber layer is small and integration can be performed with a sufficient delamination strength.
  • Fibers were observed using a scanning electron microscope SU8020 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, and diameters of 50 fibers were measured using image analysis software. An average value of the fiber diameters of the 50 fibers was taken as an average fiber diameter.
  • a sound absorption coefficient was measured in one-third octave band of sound absorption of the obtained sample, and an improvement range was evaluated by a comparative evaluation with a sample without the fiber layer.
  • the vertical incidence sound absorption coefficient of each sample was measured in the 1/3 octave band, and an evaluation was performed by calculating a difference.
  • an improvement range of the sound absorbing performance in the frequency range of 500 to 1000 Hz is shown, it is determined that the improvement range of the sound absorbing property is high when the numerical value is high.
  • An air permeability was measured by a woven fabric air permeability tester (Frazier method) manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho Ltd. in accordance with JIS L1913.
  • An MFR of a polypropylene resin is a value measured at 230°C under a load condition of 2160 g in accordance with JIS K 7210 (1999).
  • An MFR of a polyethylene resin is a value measured at 190°C under a load condition of 2160 g in accordance with JIS K 7210 (1999).
  • a commercially available card method through-air nonwoven fabric (with a basis weight of 18 g/m 2 and a thickness of 60 ⁇ m) made of polyethylene terephthalate was prepared.
  • Kynar (trade name) 3120 which was polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (hereinafter abbreviated as "PVDF"), manufactured by Arkema was dissolved in a co-solvent of N, N-dimethylacetamide and acetone (60/40 (w/w)) at a concentration of 15% by mass to prepare an electrospinning solution, and 0.01% by mass of a conductive auxiliary agent was added.
  • the PVDF-HFP solution was electrospun on the protective layer to prepare a fiber laminate formed of two layers of the protective layer and PVDF-HFP ultrafine fibers. Conditions for the electrospinning were that a 24 G needle was used, a single-hole solution supply amount was 3.0 mL/h, an applied voltage was 35 kV, and a spinning distance was 17.5 cm.
  • a basis weight of the layer was 0.2 g/m 2 , an average fiber diameter was 80 nm, and a melting temperature was 168°C. This was defined as a fiber layer A.
  • a mean flow pore size thereof was evaluated to be 5.8 ⁇ m, and an air permeability by the Frazier method was 47 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • a transfer speed of the protective layer was changed so that the basis weight was adjusted to 0.6 g/m 2 .
  • An average fiber diameter of the obtained fiber layer was 80 nm, and the melting temperature was 168°C. This was defined as a fiber layer B.
  • a mean flow pore size was evaluated to be 1.5 ⁇ m, and an air permeability by the Frazier method was 10 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • the basis weight was adjusted to 3.0 g/m 2 .
  • the average fiber diameter was 80 nm and the melting temperature was 168°C. This was defined as a fiber layer C.
  • a mean flow pore size was evaluated to be 0.7 ⁇ m, and an air permeability by the Frazier method was 0.7 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • Fiber layers D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K (spunbonded nonwoven fabric)
  • Asahi Kasei ELTAS registered trademark FLAT EH5025 (thickness 0.11 mm) was used as a fiber layer D
  • EH5035 (thickness 0.14 mm) was used as a fiber layer E
  • EH5035C (thickness 0.06 mm) was used as a fiber F
  • ELTAS E01100 (thickness 0.44 mm) was used as a fiber layer G
  • E05030 (thickness 0.15 mm) was used as a fiber layer H
  • E01030 (thickness 0.20 mm) was used as a fiber layer I
  • E01025 (thickness 0.17 mm) was used as a fiber layer J
  • EH5045C (thickness 0.07 mm) was used as a fiber layer K.
  • the fiber layers D, E, and F were spunbonded nonwoven fabrics using flat yarn, a fiber diameter of the fibers had a major axis diameter of 40 ⁇ m and a minor axis diameter of 5 ⁇ m of an ellipse, and the fiber layer D had a mean flow pore size of 41 ⁇ m and an air permeability of 138 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s by the Frazier method.
  • the fiber layer E had a mean flow pore size of 28 ⁇ m and an air permeability of 70 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s by the Frazier method.
  • the fiber layer F had a mean flow pore size of 18 ⁇ m and an air permeability of 22 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s by the Frazier method.
  • Fiber layer M (melt-blown nonwoven fabric)
  • MFR 70 g/10 minutes
  • a basis weight thereof was arbitrarily set by adjusting a speed of the collecting conveyor.
  • An average fiber diameter was 2.6 ⁇ m
  • a basis weight of the fiber layer was 24 g/m 2 and a thickness thereof was 0.9 mm.
  • a mean flow pore size of the fiber layer M was 11 ⁇ m
  • an air permeability by the Frazier method was 144 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • Fiber layer N (melt-blown nonwoven fabric)
  • a nonwoven fabric manufacturing apparatus including two extruders each having a screw (50 mm diameter), a heating body, and a gear pump, a spinneret for mixed fibers (a hole diameter of 0.3 mm, and an effective width of 500 mm in which 501 holes through which resins from the two extruders were alternately ejected were aligned in a line), a compressed air generator, an air heater, a collecting conveyor having a polyester net, and a winder was used to form a fiber layer.
  • the ejected fibers were sprayed onto a collecting conveyor at a distance of 60 cm from the spinneret by a compressed air of 98 kPa (gauge pressure) heated to 400°C to form a fiber layer.
  • a basis weight thereof was set to 80 g/m 2 by adjusting a speed of the collecting conveyor.
  • An average fiber diameter was 1.3 ⁇ m, and this was defined as a fiber layer N.
  • a mean flow pore size thereof was evaluated to be 9.4 ⁇ m, and an air permeability by the Frazier method was 15 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • Porous layers ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ (urethane foam)
  • Calmflex F-2 (density 25 kg/m 3 ) manufactured by Inoac Corporation with a thickness of 25 mm was used as a porous layer ⁇ , that with a thickness of 20 mm was used as a porous layer ⁇ , and that with a thickness of 5 mm was used as a porous layer ⁇ .
  • An air permeability by the Frazier method was 50 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s for the porous layer ⁇ , 70 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s for the porous layer ⁇ , and 180 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s for the porous layer ⁇ .
  • a card method through-air nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 200 g/m 2 , a thickness of 5 mm, and a width of 1000 mm was prepared.
  • the card method through-air nonwoven fabric was crushed to about 8 mm using a uniaxial crusher (ES3280) manufactured by Shoken Co., Ltd.
  • This crushed nonwoven fabric was heated at a set temperature of 142°C by an air-laid tester to obtain a porous layer ⁇ having a basis weight of 1050 g/m 2 and a thickness of 25 mm, a porous layer ⁇ having a basis weight of 840 g/m 2 and a thickness of 20 mm, and a porous layer ⁇ having a basis weight of 210 g/m 2 and a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the porous layer ⁇ had a density of 42 kg/m 3 and an air permeability of 130 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • the porous layer ⁇ had a density of 42 kg/m 3 and an air permeability of 150 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • the porous layer ⁇ had a density of 42 kg/m 3 and an air permeability of 250 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • Porous layers ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ (glass fiber)
  • an Aclear mat (trade name) having a thickness of 50 mm manufactured by Asahi Fiber Glass Co., Ltd. was processed to have a basis weight of 400 g/m 2 and a thickness of 25 mm and was used as a porous layer ⁇ . Also, it was processed to have a basis weight of 320 g/m 2 and a thickness of 20 mm and was used as a porous layer ⁇ . Further, it was processed to have a basis weight of 80 g/m 2 and a thickness of 5 mm and was used as a porous layer ⁇ .
  • the porous layer ⁇ had a density of 16 kg/m 3 and an air permeability of 150 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • the porous layer ⁇ had a density of 16 kg/m 3 and an air permeability of 170 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • the porous layer ⁇ had a density of 16 kg/m 3 and an air permeability of 300 cc/cm 2 ⁇ s.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of a sample in which the fiber layer A was not present (comparative example 1) was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.186 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.159 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the improvement range was 0.069 or more and was satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer D as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer D/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of comparative example 1 was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.180 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.101 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer E as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer E/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of comparative example 1 was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.179 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.082 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of comparative example 1 was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.235 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.070 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer M as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer M/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of comparative example 1 was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.195 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.081 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of comparative example 2 (only the porous layer ⁇ ) was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.04 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.117 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of comparative example 2 was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.119 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.125 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range, and a difference of the sound absorption coefficient from that of a sample of comparative example 3 in which the fiber layer is not present was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.043 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.245 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer H as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer H/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient compared to that of comparative example 1 was taken, and an improvement range was calculated.
  • the improvement range was 0.110 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.173 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • porous layer ⁇ thickness 25 mm was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement, and a sound absorption coefficient was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range. Since the sample was an object itself to be compared, a difference in sound absorption coefficient of the sample was 0 in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range, and improvement of the sound absorbing property was poor.
  • porous layer ⁇ thickness 25 mm was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement, and a sound absorption coefficient was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range. Since the sample was an object itself to be compared, a difference in sound absorption coefficient of the sample was 0 in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range, and improvement of the sound absorbing property was poor.
  • porous layer ⁇ thickness 25 mm was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement, and a sound absorption coefficient was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range. Since the sample was an object itself to be compared, a difference in sound absorption coefficient of the sample was 0 in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range, and improvement of the sound absorbing property was poor.
  • the fiber layer J as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer J/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.002 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.003 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were poor.
  • the fiber layer C as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer C/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the result was that no improvement tendency was observed in both the low-frequency range and the intermediate-frequency range.
  • the fiber layer F as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer F/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • an improvement range was calculated, although the improvement range was 0.141 or more in the low-frequency range and was satisfactory, it was 0.021 or more in the intermediate-frequency range and was poor.
  • Examples 1 to 9 are summarized in Table 1, and the configurations of comparative examples 1 to 6 are summarized in Table 2.
  • the sound absorption coefficients of examples 1 to 9 are summarized in Table 3, the sound absorption coefficients of comparative examples 1 to 6 are summarized in Table 4, and the improvement ranges of the sound absorption coefficient are summarized in Tables 5 and 6.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.113 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.033 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer E as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer E/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.030 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.039 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.085 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.063 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer M as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer M/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.040 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.034 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.086 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.211 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.031 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.056 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.039 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.279 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer J as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer J/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measure in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.003 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.002 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and the improvement range was small and poor.
  • the fiber layer F as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer F/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the result was that no improvement tendency was observed in the intermediate-frequency range, although the improvement range was 0.081 or more in the low-frequency range.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer B, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.171 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.035 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer D as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layer were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer D/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.037 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.037 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer E as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layer were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer E/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measure in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.038 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.050 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layer were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.103 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.040 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer M as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer N as the first fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layer were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer M/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer N, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range
  • a difference of the sound absorption coefficient from that of a sample of comparative example 7 in which the fiber layer is not present was taken and an improvement range was calculated, the improvement range was 0.036 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.033 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer B as the first fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layer were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer B, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.130 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.214 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.097 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.177 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer B as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer B, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the improvement range was 0.141 or more in the low-frequency range and 0.277 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer J as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer J/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the result was that the improvement range was 0.002 or more in the low-frequency range and no improvement tendency was observed in the intermediate-frequency range.
  • the fiber layer F as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer F/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K, which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • a sound absorption coefficient thereof was measured in the low-frequency range, the intermediate-frequency range, and the high-frequency range.
  • the result was that no improvement tendency was observed in both the low-frequency range and the intermediate-frequency range, although the improvement range in the low-frequency range was 0.093 or more and was satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer B as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer B/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the improvement range was 0.142 or more in the low-frequency range, 0.213 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and 0.034 or more in the high-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer D as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer D/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the improvement range was 0.061 or more in the low-frequency range, 0.176 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and 0.056 or more in the high-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer E as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer E/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the improvement range was 0.118 or more in the low-frequency range, 0.204 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and 0.034 or more in the high-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the improvement range was 0.093 or more in the low-frequency range, 0.206 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and 0.044 or more in the high-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer B as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer B/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the improvement range was 0.059 or more in the low-frequency range, 0.112 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and 0.034 or more in the high-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer G as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer G/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the improvement range was 0.072 or more in the low-frequency range, 0.122 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and 0.030 or more in the high-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer A as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer B as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer A/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer B/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the improvement range was 0.068 or more in the low-frequency range, 0.262 or more in the intermediate-frequency range, and 0.083 or more in the high-frequency range, and these were satisfactory.
  • the fiber layer J as the first fiber layer, the fiber layer K as the second fiber layer, and the porous layer ⁇ and the porous layer ⁇ as the porous layers were used and overlapped to form the fiber layer J/the porous layer ⁇ /the fiber layer K/the porous layer ⁇ , which was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm to prepare a sample for sound absorption coefficient measurement.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material of the present invention is particularly excellent in sound absorbing property in the low-frequency range to the intermediate-frequency range, it can be utilized as a sound absorbing material in a field in which noise in the low-frequency range to the intermediate-frequency range is a problem.
  • the laminated sound absorbing material can be utilized as a sound absorbing material used for ceilings, walls, floors, or the like of houses, a soundproof wall for highways, railway lines, or the like, a soundproof material for home appliances, a sound absorbing material disposed in each part of vehicles such as railways and automobiles, and the like.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
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US6631785B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-10-14 Collins & Aikman Products Co. Sound attenuating composite articles incorporating scrim material and methods of making same
US20050026527A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2005-02-03 Schmidt Richard John Nonwoven containing acoustical insulation laminate
US7500541B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2009-03-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Acoustic material with liquid repellency
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JP2009512578A (ja) 2005-10-19 2009-03-26 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 音響吸収特性を有する多層物品、並びにその製造および使用方法
FR2979281B1 (fr) 2011-08-25 2013-08-23 Saint Gobain Adfors Revetement mural pour confort thermique et acoustique
US9314993B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-04-19 National Nonwovens Inc. Composites and articles made from nonwoven structures
US9314995B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-04-19 National Nonwovens Inc. Composites comprising nonwoven structures and foam
JP6498454B2 (ja) 2015-01-28 2019-04-10 日本バイリーン株式会社 多層成形用シート及びシート成形体
MX2017011285A (es) * 2015-03-12 2018-01-23 Toray Industries Tela no tejida laminada.
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