EP3942624A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer batterie - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung einer batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP3942624A1 EP3942624A1 EP20705902.3A EP20705902A EP3942624A1 EP 3942624 A1 EP3942624 A1 EP 3942624A1 EP 20705902 A EP20705902 A EP 20705902A EP 3942624 A1 EP3942624 A1 EP 3942624A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extruder
- extrusion
- conductive particles
- suspension
- determined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0411—Methods of deposition of the material by extrusion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/9258—Velocity
- B29C2948/926—Flow or feed rate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a battery, in which a suspension is extruded denpaste in an extrusion process by means of an extruder as an electrode.
- the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method and a battery produced by the method.
- Electrically drivable or powered motor vehicles such as electric or hybrid vehicles, typically have an electric motor as the drive machine, which is coupled to a vehicle-internal electrical (high-voltage) energy store for supplying electrical energy.
- vehicle-internal electrical (high-voltage) energy store for supplying electrical energy.
- energy storage devices are designed, for example, in the form of (vehicle) batteries.
- An electrochemical battery here is to be understood in particular as a so-called secondary battery (secondary battery) of the motor vehicle, in which a used chemical energy can be restored by means of an electrical (charging) process.
- Such batteries are carried out in particular as electrochemical accumulators, for example as lithium-ion accumulators.
- electrochemical accumulators for example as lithium-ion accumulators.
- Such batteries typically have several individual battery cells, which are connected in a modular manner.
- Batteries of the type mentioned have a cathode and an anode as well as a separator and an electrolyte on a battery cell level.
- the electrodes i.e. the anode and the cathode, are made from a respective electrode -active material.
- the electrode active material is a prerequisite for this a powerful battery.
- the electrode active materials are often mixed with conductive particles as a conductive additive. Due to their high conductivity, carbon-based conductive particles, for example conductive soot or conductive graphite, are an important component of lithium-ion batteries, which reduce the electrode resistance, and thus the internal resistance of the battery.
- the electrodes of the battery cells are produced from a plastic mass which is pressed from a nozzle element.
- the high efficiency of the mixing process makes it possible to significantly reduce the process time and the energy required in the production of batteries.
- the electrodes of the battery or the battery cells are produced here by means of extruded electrode pastes, the paste quality being determined by specific criteria or product parameters, for example by a particle size of the conductive particles.
- the electrode pastes are then applied, for example, to a respective current conductor, in particular to a copper or aluminum foil.
- the regulation and / or control of a continuously operated extruder that is, the regulation and / or control of its extrusion or operating parameters, for the production of electrode pastes for lithium-ion batteries has so far been carried out manually and after sampling and analysis of the electrode paste.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable method for producing a battery. In particular, the most effective and automated extrusion process possible should be made possible. The invention is also based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable device for implementing the method, as well as a battery produced according to such a method.
- the object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 1 and with regard to the device with the features of claim 9 and with regard to the battery with the features of claim 10.
- Advantageous refinements and developments are the subject of the sub-claims.
- the advantages and features mentioned with regard to the process can also be applied to the extruder and the battery, and vice versa.
- the method according to the invention is suitable and designed for the production of batteries, in particular for the production of lithium-ion battery cells.
- a suspension with a variable product parameter is extruded as an electrode paste in an extrusion process by means of an extruder, that is to say is produced essentially continuously.
- An electrode paste is to be understood here as the extrudate, that is to say the extruded composite of the suspension.
- the suspension is essentially a solid composition consisting of an electrode active material and a binder (binding agent), it being possible for additional conductive additives to be added.
- a number of extrusion parameters are determined as operating or machine parameters of the extrusion process or of the extruder. These extrusion parameters are used in a
- an extruder-specific load model is calculated.
- the extrusion process is then controlled and / or regulated on the basis of the stored stress model.
- the conjunction “and / or” is to be understood here and below in such a way that the features linked by means of this conjunction can be formed both together and as alternatives to one another.
- This means that the extruder or its extrusion parameters are automatically and preferably continuously or continuously controlled and / or regulated during operation by means of the calculated stress model, in particular with regard to the product parameter. This realizes a particularly suitable method for producing a battery.
- the method according to the invention essentially realizes a real-time adaptation of the extrusion parameters, that is to say of the production parameters, whereby production rejects are reduced.
- the extrusion parameters are recorded, for example, as analysis data, for example in the form of viscosity data or dwell time data, and processed by the stored stress model in such a way that independent and automatic regulation and / or control of the extruder is possible.
- the extrusion parameters can, for example, initially be provided by external sensors that are not part of the extruder (offline analysis) and, in the course of operation, additionally or alternatively by extruder-integrated sensors (inline analysis), or predicted using appropriate models or be forecast.
- a dispersion of conductive particles in the suspension is used as the product parameter. This means that conductive particles are added to the suspension as a conductive additive, with the extruder-specific load model for continuous and homogeneous dispersion, i.e. the most uniform possible distribution, the conductive particles in the suspension will be calculated.
- a product parameter or a quality parameter of the conductive particles for example a particle size distribution of the conductive particles, is correlated with a specific energy required for a deagglomeration of the conductive particles of this product parameter.
- the stress model is based on a calculation of a specific energy contribution which is required for the deagglomeration (digestion) of the conductive particles.
- the product parameter is characterized by means of a measurement and plotted against the specific energy occurring with the respective extrusion or process parameters.
- a model curve is then adapted or (adapted) fitted to this data. This correlation enables the production of an electrode paste with a specific product parameter, since the specific energy required for this can be determined from the stored model curve, and the extrusion parameters can thus be controlled and / or regulated using the stress model.
- the specific energy is to be understood in particular as a specific mechanical energy input.
- the specific energy is a measure of the stress on the product (the electrode paste) from the extrusion process.
- the specific energy characterizes the extruded electrode paste regardless of the size or dimensions of the extruder.
- the correlation or the link between the specific energy and the product parameter is an essentially material-specific constant of the electrode paste.
- This makes it possible to easily scale (scale-up) a manufacturing plant or device operated with the method, as a result of which the production of the battery is simplified.
- a particle size of the conducting particles is used as the product parameter.
- the conductive particles as conductive additive should be distributed as homogeneously or evenly as possible in the suspension in order to ensure improved electrical performance of the battery. Due to the optical properties and the process-related changes in the
- Particle size is a particularly suitable product parameter for calculating the stress model.
- the conductive particles which are largely present as agglomerates, are stressed and disagglomerated.
- This stress which is primarily caused by shear, results in changes in the agglomerate or aggregate size of the lead particles, i.e. structural changes in the suspension, which can be easily detected with a suitable analysis or measurement method and thus used as a product parameter or assessment criterion .
- the specific energy is dependent on a speed and a (volume or mass) throughput of the extruder, and can be determined, for example, by measuring the torque on an extruder shaft of the extruder. With increasing speed and / or decreasing throughput, the specific energy increases. In the manufacture of electrode pastes, the problem arises that the torques that occur are close to an no-load output of the extruder, where comparatively large inaccuracies in the determination of the specific energy occur. According to the method, it is therefore provided in a preferred embodiment that the specific energy is determined as a function of a shear stress and a degree of filling and a suspension density. This enables a reliable and precise determination of the specific energy.
- the shear stress and the degree of filling as well as the suspension density are extrusion parameters of the extruder or the extrusion process.
- the shear stress is in particular a measure of the (shear) stress of the extrusion process.
- the degree of filling is in particular a measure of the filling of the extruder, i.e. a measure of the volume of the suspension in the extruder sion and the conductive particle.
- the suspension density is in particular the density of the suspension with the conductive particles dispersed therein.
- the shear stress is determined indirectly using rheological methods, for example.
- the shear stress is preferably determined using a shear rate test in order to determine the shear stress on the suspension in the extruder. This enables a reliable determination or detection of the shear stress.
- the shear stress is preferably determined on the basis of a rheological model in the case of a sufficiently large amount of data. This enables the shear stress to be determined without the availability of physical measurement data. In other words, the shear stress is recorded at the beginning of the method, in particular using shear rate tests, and a model curve is determined in the course of the method on the basis of the recorded data, by means of which the shear stress is then preferably determined without measurement.
- the stress caused by shear and its height in the extruder are relevant.
- the volumes which experience high shear stress are suitably dimensioned to be relatively large in the extruder.
- the shear rate is determined, for example, by means of the geometric properties of the extruder, that is to say by means of the geometric dimensions and dimensions of the extruder elements (conveying elements, kneading elements).
- the geometrical properties relevant for determining the shear rate are, for example, a diameter of the housing bores, a distance between the shaft centers, an outer diameter of the conveyor elements, an inner diameter of the conveyor elements, an outer diameter of the kneading elements, and an inner diameter of the kneading elements ments.
- Wall that is the areas between the housing wall and the screw crest, and the gusset clearance, ie the gusset area between the two extruder screws.
- the shear rates that occur can be calculated using the clearance dimensions for a given extruder speed, for example using a two-plate model.
- a shear rate test is carried out in which so-called flow curves are determined by means of rotation tests with the respective electrode paste.
- flow curves are determined by means of rotation tests with the respective electrode paste.
- the or each shear rate test provides a flow curve for each extruded electrode paste, which can be plotted in a shear rate-shear stress diagram.
- a corresponding curve profile is then adapted or (fitted) fitted to the measured (electrode paste-specific) flow curves.
- the course of the curve can be adapted or adapted in particular by means of a so-called Herschel-Bulkley curve.
- the adapted or fitted curve shape then enables a simple calculation or determination of the shear stress at different shear rates.
- the course of the curve or the functional parameters of the fit function are expediently stored for later calculations or inter- / extrapolation of the shear stress and / or the specific energy, also for suspensions with unknown rheological properties.
- the degree of filling is determined by means of an average dwell time and a volume flow as extrusion parameters.
- the residence time is a measure of the frequency of stress, i.e. the number of stresses that act on the suspension and the conductive particles or agglomerates in the course of the extrusion process. This enables reliable determination of the degree of filling.
- the degree of filling is therefore also a measure of the dwell time behavior of the extrusion process, which has a great influence on the product quality of the electrode paste, both during melting and during dispersion.
- the dwell time is particularly dependent on the process or extrusion parameters throughput (volume flow) and (extruder) speed as well as a screw configuration.
- the screw configuration produces a narrow (pure screw conveyor) or a wide (screw with many tooth mixing / kneading elements or return elements) distribution width.
- the screw configuration is a fixed, known parameter of the extruder, so that an averaged filling level can be determined in a simple manner by measuring or recording the speed and the conveyed volume flow.
- a twin-screw or twin-screw extruder is used as the extruder.
- a particularly suitable extruder is used for the manufacture of batteries.
- the twin-screw extruder here preferably has a co-rotating and closely intermeshing structure with a high mixing and dispersing effect.
- a conductive carbon black (CB) is used as the conductive particle.
- CB conductive carbon black
- a particularly suitable conductive additive is used for the battery, in particular for a lithium-ion battery.
- the method is used to operate a device for manufacturing batteries.
- the device has an extruder, in particular a twin-screw or twin-screw extruder, for extruding electrode pastes, which is coupled to a controller, that is to say a control device.
- the controller is generally set up here - in terms of program and / or circuitry - to carry out the method according to the invention described above.
- the controller is thus specifically set up to monitor the extrusion process, in particular to determine the extrusion parameters, and to control and / or regulate the extrusion process on the basis of a stored stress model.
- the controller is at least essentially formed by a microcontroller with a processor and a data memory, in which the functionality for performing the method according to the invention is implemented in the form of operating software (firmware), so that the method - if necessary in interaction with a device user - is carried out automatically when the operating software is executed in the microcontroller.
- the controller can alternatively also be formed by a non-programmable electronic component, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), in which the functionality for performing the method according to the invention is implemented with circuitry.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- an electrode paste is extruded by means of the extruder.
- the electrode paste is made from the suspension (electrode active material and binder) and the added conductive particles by means of the
- Extrusion process generated for example, the screw configuration of the extruder is first determined and stored in a memory of the con trollers deposited. Then, for example, a minimum average value of the particle size of the conductive particles at a maximum, coatable solids content, a maximum speed and a minimum volume flow is determined as an extrusion parameter.
- This analysis or extrusion parameter is subsequently determined several times for suspensions with a reduced solids content, at a reduced (extruder) speed and an increased volume flow, the mean residence time in the extruder being determined in each case.
- the shear stress and the degree of filling are determined and fed to the stored stress model.
- the controller controls and / or regulates the extrusion process based on the stress model with regard to a desired particle size of the conductive particles in the electrode paste by setting a specific energy required for this.
- the controller can therefore reliably determine a stress model for safe and effective operation of the device on the basis of a few measurements or tests.
- the battery according to the invention is manufactured by means of the method described above.
- the battery is suitable and set up for a motor vehicle.
- the battery is designed, for example, as a lithium-ion battery with several interconnected battery cells.
- Fig. 1 in a schematic and simplified representation of an apparatus for the manufacture of batteries, with an extruder and a controller,
- Fig. 4 is a flow rate-residence time diagram for different extruder speeds, and 5 shows a specific energy-particle size diagram for different electrode pastes and volume flows.
- the device 1 shows a device 2 for positioning a battery, in particular for producing an electrode paste 4 for a battery cell of the battery.
- the device 2 has an extruder 6 in the form of a twin-screw or twin-screw extruder.
- the extruder 6 has only parts of Darge presented extruder elements 8 as conveying and / or kneading elements, which are driven in the same direction and are designed to mesh closely with one another.
- the extruder 6 is coupled to a controller 10.
- the electrode paste 4 is extruded as an extrudate by means of the extruder 6.
- the electrode paste 4 is produced additively by means of the extrusion process from a suspension 12 (electrode active material and binder) as well as added conductive particles 14 as conductive.
- the controller 10 is suitable and set up to monitor the extrusion process, in particular to determine extrusion parameters, and to control and / or regulate the extrusion process or the extruder 6 on the basis of a stored stress model 16.
- the controller 10 is particularly suitable and set up to control and / or regulate the extruder 6 with regard to a product parameter of the conductive particles 14 in the electrode paste 4.
- the extruder 6 is thus controlled and / or regulated in such a way that the desired product parameter of the conductive particles 14 is implemented in the extruded electrode paste 4.
- the desired product parameter is realized in particular by setting the specific energy required in each case for the extruder.
- the product parameter is correlated with the specific energy necessary for a deagglomeration of the conductive particles of this product parameter.
- a method according to the invention for producing a battery is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. The method is described here by way of example for conductive particles 14 embodied as conductive soot, the desired product parameter being in particular a particle size d of the conductive particles.
- Particle size d M of the conductive particles with a maximum, coatable solids content c m , a maximum (extruder) speed n and a minimum volume flow V are determined as extrusion parameters.
- the product parameter d is then determined for reduced solids content c m , reduced speed n and increased volume flow V, with the mean residence time t and the suspension density p in the extruder 6 being determined.
- a shear stress t and a degree of filling f are determined on the basis of these extrusion parameters or analysis data.
- the shear stress T which act on the respective suspension 12 within the extruder 6 at certain speeds n or shear rates g, are determined by means of a shear rate test in which so-called flow curves are determined by means of rotation tests with the respective electrode paste 4.
- the or each shear rate test provides a flow curve for each extruded electrode paste 4, which can be plotted, for example, in a shear rate / shear stress diagram shown in FIG. In Fig.
- the shear rate g is along the abscissa axis (X-axis) and the shear stress t is along the ordinate axis (Y-axis) shown in double logarithmic form, the shear rate g is shown in units of s 1 (second 1 ) and the shear stress t in units of Pa (Pascal).
- five flow curves 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d and 24e are shown by way of example.
- the flow curves 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d and 24e were measured for a suspension 12 at the same speed n, the same screw configuration SK, and the same volume flow V, and differ only in their respective solids content c m , with the flow curve 24a being the largest and the flow curve 24e has the lowest solids content c m .
- a corresponding curve profile is adapted or (fitted) fitted to the measured (electrode paste-specific) flow curves 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d and 24e.
- the course of the curve is in particular a so-called Herschel-Bulkley curve.
- volume flow-residence time diagram in which the volume flow V is plotted along the abscissa axis and the mean residence time t is plotted along the ordinate axis.
- the volume flow V is plotted in the unit of l / h (liters per hour) and the mean residence time t in the unit s (seconds).
- three parabolic curves 26a, 26b and 26c are shown for different speeds n.
- the curves 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d, 26a, 26b and 26c are stored in a memory of the controller 10.
- the degree of filling f of the extruder 6 is calculated on the basis of the free extruder volume V free , which can be determined from the geometric properties g E , and that of a respective mean residence time t at a given volume flow V using the following formula:
- a specific energy E m P is calculated based on the degree of filling f of the extruder 6 and based on the shear stress t within the extruder 6 at a prevailing shear rate g and based on the density of the respective electrode paste p.
- the specific energy E m P results here at according to
- the stress model 16 is calculated.
- the specific energy E m, p is correlated with the particle size d M of the conductive particles 14.
- Such a correlation is shown, for example, in FIG. 5 on the basis of a specific energy-particle size diagram.
- the calculated specific energy E m P is in units of J / kg (joules per kilogram) along the abscissa axis
- the particle size d M is plotted logarithmically in units of pm (micrometers) along the ordinate axis.
- the dependency of the resulting particle size d M in the Electrode paste 4 for two different suspensions 14 and two different volume flows V is shown.
- the fully filled squares show a suspension 12 with a cathode active material for a volume flow V of 1 l / h.
- the filled circles show a suspension 12 with the cathode active material for a volume flow V of 2.5 l / h.
- the half-filled squares show a suspension 12 with an anode active material for a volume flow V of 1 l / h.
- the filled circles show a suspension 12 with the anode active material for a volume flow V of 2.5 l / h.
- the courses of the cathode suspension are each fitted with a model curve 32a, 32b, the model curve 32a describing the course for the high volume flow V.
- the model curves 32a, 32b are determined and stored in a memory of the controller 10.
- the controller 10 controls and / or regulates the extrusion process on the basis of the stress model 16 or the model curves 32a, 32b with regard to a desired particle size d M of the conductive particles 14 in the electrode paste 4 by setting a specific energy E m required for this , p.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019205825.6A DE102019205825A1 (de) | 2019-04-24 | 2019-04-24 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Batterie |
| PCT/EP2020/053597 WO2020216491A1 (de) | 2019-04-24 | 2020-02-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer batterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3942624A1 true EP3942624A1 (de) | 2022-01-26 |
Family
ID=69630270
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20705902.3A Pending EP3942624A1 (de) | 2019-04-24 | 2020-02-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer batterie |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220143894A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3942624A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114008815A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019205825A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020216491A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT525055B1 (de) | 2021-10-12 | 2022-12-15 | Eisenbeiss Gmbh | Extrudergetriebe für die fertigung elektrischer batterien |
| EP4202404B1 (de) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-04-10 | Bühler AG | System und verfahren zur herstellung und steuerung der herstellung von viskosem material wie z. b. batteriepaste für industrielle anwendung |
| EP4268963B1 (de) | 2022-04-26 | 2024-11-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und anordnung zur grosstechnischen herstellung einer suspension für eine batterie |
| DE102023200728A1 (de) * | 2023-01-30 | 2024-08-01 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Elektrode einer Batterie |
| DE102024126194A1 (de) * | 2024-09-12 | 2026-03-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Herstellungsverfahren und Herstellungsvorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Komponente für eine Batteriezelle einer Energiespeichervorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997006660A2 (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1997-02-27 | Bourns, Multifuse (Hong Kong), Ltd. | Surface mount conductive polymer devices and method for manufacturing such devices |
| DE19530275A1 (de) * | 1995-08-17 | 1997-02-20 | Basf Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Schmelzextrusion |
| US6503957B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2003-01-07 | Electropure, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for the formation of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes |
| US20030158610A1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2003-08-21 | Jamal-Ahmad Mohammad Hafiz Fazal Elahi | Control systems for extrusion or drawing plants |
| WO2004051769A2 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-06-17 | Avestor Limited Partnership | Co-extrusion manufacturing process of thin film electrochemical cell for lithium polymer batteries and apparatus therefor |
| EP1665416B1 (de) * | 2003-08-01 | 2014-04-30 | Bathium Canada Inc. | Kathodenmaterial für polymerbatterien und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
| FR2982866B1 (fr) * | 2011-11-18 | 2015-02-20 | Arkema France | Procede de preparation d'une composition pateuse a base de charges conductrices carbonees |
| US9484569B2 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2016-11-01 | 24M Technologies, Inc. | Electrochemical slurry compositions and methods for preparing the same |
| WO2016024525A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-18 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | 電極用導電性組成物、それを用いた電極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| CN106202778A (zh) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 华东理工大学 | 一种用于反应挤出过程的双螺杆挤出机虚拟设计平台 |
| TWI617422B (zh) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-03-11 | 財團法人資訊工業策進會 | 塑膠押出製程控制方法及參數調整系統 |
| CN107910494B (zh) * | 2017-11-14 | 2021-07-06 | 江西赣锋锂电科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池阴极高粘度浆料及其挤压连续涂布方法 |
| CN108550793A (zh) * | 2018-05-12 | 2018-09-18 | 山东金品能源有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池用正极浆料的制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-04-24 DE DE102019205825.6A patent/DE102019205825A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-02-12 WO PCT/EP2020/053597 patent/WO2020216491A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-02-12 US US17/605,706 patent/US20220143894A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-02-12 CN CN202080043081.7A patent/CN114008815A/zh active Pending
- 2020-02-12 EP EP20705902.3A patent/EP3942624A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220143894A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
| WO2020216491A1 (de) | 2020-10-29 |
| DE102019205825A1 (de) | 2020-10-29 |
| CN114008815A (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
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