EP3931921A1 - Lightning-protection spark gap - Google Patents
Lightning-protection spark gapInfo
- Publication number
- EP3931921A1 EP3931921A1 EP20734723.8A EP20734723A EP3931921A1 EP 3931921 A1 EP3931921 A1 EP 3931921A1 EP 20734723 A EP20734723 A EP 20734723A EP 3931921 A1 EP3931921 A1 EP 3931921A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- area
- conductive layer
- base material
- diverging
- spark gap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/14—Arcing horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
- H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lightning protection spark gap with diverging electrodes.
- diverging electrodes run along and the line follow current arc in one
- the arcing chamber is divided and extinguished.
- DE 10 2005 015 401 A1 discloses a lightning protection spark gap with two diverging electrodes and a spark gap acting between the electrodes, a housing and a sliding aid for the arc and means for magnetic blowing of the arc, the mobility of the arc immediately following its ignition by a combination of measures to strengthen the
- divergent electrodes e.g. Stainless steel or copper.
- Extinguishing devices can be effected.
- the arc root point can “persist” and thus, in this case, an undesirable thermal overload.
- This constructive design variant of the electrodes therefore does not produce the desired effect.
- the power conversion in the arc remains as small as possible, which can only be achieved with the lowest possible arc voltage due to the current applied to the pulse process.
- the smallest possible arc voltage can be achieved in particular over the smallest possible arc length in the ignition area.
- the arc should remain in this ignition range during the pulsed current phase. If the arc were to run into the arc extinguisher during the pulse phase, there would be a thermal overload or destruction of the spark gap.
- the mains follow current fed from the low-voltage network must be limited and switched off. This can be achieved using the highest possible arc voltage, which acts as a counter voltage to the mains voltage.
- the arc should run into the arc quenching chamber as quickly as possible after the end of the pulse current phase.
- the present invention provides a lightning protection spark gap according to claim 1.
- the essence of the invention is the use of at least one divergent electrode with a layer structure of different conductive layers, the conductive layers made of materials with different electrical conductivity (preferably factor> 4 or> 10) and the conductive layer with higher electrical conductivity at least in
- Running area of the diverging electrode is provided.
- the present invention makes it possible to increase the running speed of the arc on diverging electrodes in the case of mains follow current and to reduce the forces acting on the arc in the case of high pulse current loads in order to create a “persistence” in the ignition area.
- This "persistence” goes hand in hand with a small arc tension (small arc column) and a low power consumption and pressure generation. This protects the materials used and the entire assembly.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is on the
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is applied to the base material at least in some areas.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is applied to the base material at least in regions in the ignition region of the first and second diverging electrodes.
- the first diverging electrode has a first electrical connection area with a first connection terminal connected to it, and the second diverging electrode has a second electrical connection area with a second connection terminal connected thereto.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is on the associated inside of the first and / or second connection area
- Base material applied at least in areas. This improves the heat dissipation for the pulse current.
- the base material is exposed at least in areas in the ignition area of the first and / or second diverging electrode.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is applied to the base material at least in some areas on the associated outside of the first and / or second diverging electrode.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is applied over the entire surface of the base material and on the first outer side
- the first diverging electrode is as
- the operating behavior can also be influenced in the desired way by the contours of the electrodes.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is on the at least in the running area of one of the first and second diverging electrodes
- Base material applied over the whole area at least in some areas, with the conductive layer of the conductive material being applied over the whole area of the base material at least in areas in the ignition area of one of the first and second diverging electrodes, and with a whole area of the conductive layer in the running area and a whole area of the conductive layer in the
- Ignition area are separated by an area in which the base material is completely exposed.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is on the at least in the running area of one of the first and second diverging electrodes
- Base material applied at least in regions in the form of longitudinal strips with a width smaller than the width of the inside, the conductive layer of the conductive material being applied to the base material in the ignition area of one of the first and second diverging electrodes at least in regions in the form of longitudinal strips with a width smaller than the width of the inside, and wherein a longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the running area and a longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the ignition area are separated by an area in which the
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is on the at least in the running area of one of the first and second diverging electrodes
- Base material applied in the form of a longitudinal strip with a width smaller than the width of the inside the conductive layer of the conductive material being applied to the base material in the form of a longitudinal strip with a width of less than a width of the inside in the ignition area of one of the first and second diverging electrodes, and a longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the running area and a longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the ignition area are connected to one another.
- the conductive layer made of the conductive material is on the at least in the running area of one of the first and second diverging electrodes
- Base material applied in the form of a longitudinal strip with a width smaller than the width of the inside the conductive layer made of the conductive material on the base material in the form of a longitudinal strip with a smaller width than one in the ignition area of one of the first and second divergent electrodes Width of the inside is applied, wherein a first longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the running area and a second longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the ignition area are connected to one another, a third longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the running area and a fourth longitudinal strip-shaped area of the conductive layer in the ignition area are interconnected, and wherein between the first and second
- the second electrical conductivity is a factor greater than or equal to 4, in particular a factor greater than or equal to 10, higher than the first electrical conductivity.
- the base material is stainless steel and / or the conductive layer is copper or silver.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention
- 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
- 6a) a schematic sectional plan view of the first and second diverging electrodes to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a sixth and seventh embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 shows a fragmentary schematic cross-sectional view to explain a
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the lightning protection spark gap according to the first embodiment has a first diverging electrode 3a, which has a first outside Aa and a first inside Ia. Furthermore, the lightning protection spark gap has a second diverging electrode 3b, which has a second outside Ab and a second inside Ib.
- the first and second diverging electrodes 3a, 3b are formed from a base material which has a first electrical conductivity. In this example it is
- Base material stainless steel has an electrical conductivity between 1.4 MS / m and 9 MS / m, preferably 1.4 MS / m.
- An ignition area Z and an adjoining running area L for an arc are formed on the inside of the second diverging electrode 3b.
- the first diverging electrode 3a and the second diverging electrode 3b are closely spaced, whereas the distance in the running area L widens continuously.
- the lightning energy is essentially converted by a pulse current in the ignition area Z, whereas in the running area L a line follow current arc, driven by a line follower current, spreads towards an arc extinguishing chamber 4, the arc extinguishing chamber 4 being laterally surrounded by arc guide plates 5a, 5b.
- a conductive layer 6a, 6b made of a conductive material with a second electrical conductivity on the
- this conductive material is copper, which has an electrical conductivity of 56 MS / m, so that the electrical conductivity of the applied conductive material is about a factor of 6 greater than the conductivity of the base material.
- the first diverging electrode 3a For connection to an electrical system, for example an electrical system with a first and second busbar of a supply network, the first diverging electrode 3a has a first electrical connection area A1 with a first connected thereto
- Connection terminal la and the second diverging electrode 3b has a second electrical connection area A2 with a second connection terminal 1b connected to it.
- Mobility of the arc base point is reduced by the base material stainless steel in the ignition area of the first and second diverging electrodes 3a, 3b.
- the mobility of the arc in the running area L is increased so that the line follow current arc can quickly enter the arc extinguishing chamber 4.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a lightning protection spark gap according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the layer made of the conductive material copper is also provided over the entire area in the ignition area Z of the first divergent electrode 3a and merges continuously into the running area L.
- the basic material steel in the ignition zone Z is the second divergent one
- the energy conversion in the ignition area Z can be increased by this configuration.
- the layer thickness of the electrically conductive layer 6a made of copper should be coordinated in such a way that in the case of impulse currents of a certain level (energy, charge), at which the arc should not enter the arc extinguishing chamber 4, the conductive layer made of copper is adiabatically overloaded and at least partially destroyed is, whereby the current density is reduced so much by the distribution in a geometrically significantly stronger layer that known measures to avoid the running of pulsed arcs are sufficient and nevertheless an accelerated movement with a line follower current can be used.
- a copper layer with a thickness of 200 ⁇ m on a stainless steel layer with a thickness of 1.5 mm is destroyed within approx. 400 ps under a load of 25 kA.
- the load can be set to different values of pulse currents.
- the partial coating of the ignition area Z with the conductive layer made of copper also contributes to further improved heat dissipation.
- Lig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the conductive layer 6a made of copper is also applied to the inside 1a of the first diverging electrode 3a in the first connection area A1 and in thermal contact with the first connection terminal 1a.
- the conductive layer made of copper 6b is applied to the inside Ib of the second diverging electrode 3b also in the second connection area A2 and is in thermal contact with the second connection terminal 1b.
- the base material steel is also exposed in the ignition region of the second diverging electrode 3b in the third embodiment.
- the copper coating of this type on the first and second connection areas A1, A2 enables considerably improved heat dissipation in the event of a lightning strike, which contributes to the protection of a typically surrounding polymer housing.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a lightning protection spark gap according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that the conductive layer made of copper 6a is only provided in a partial area of the ignition area Z of the first diverging electrode 3a and the conductive layer 6b made of copper is also provided in a corresponding partial area of the ignition area Z of the second divergent electrode Electrode 3b.
- a corresponding layer thickness of the conductive layer made of copper can ensure that the conductive layer made of copper is adiabatically overloaded and partially destroyed when the pulse currents are too high, so that the pulse current remains in the ignition area.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a lightning protection spark gap according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the conductive layer 6a made of copper is applied over the entire surface of the first outside Aa on the base material, the base material stainless steel being exposed over the entire surface of the first inside Ia.
- the conductive layer 6b made of copper is applied over the entire surface of the base material stainless steel, whereas on the second outside Ab the base material stainless steel is exposed over the entire surface.
- the coating of the outside Aa of the first diverging electrode 6a in addition to improved heat dissipation, increases the forces exerted by the inherent magnetic field on the arc at the second divergent electrode 3a, which also results in greater mobility and faster entry of the arc into the arc extinguishing chamber 4 can be achieved.
- the second connection terminal 1b ' is on the outside Ab of the second diverging electrode 3b anchored so that the inside Ib of the second diverging electrode 3b can be covered over the entire surface with the conductive material from 6b made of copper.
- Fig. 6a), b) show a schematic sectional plan view of the first and second
- the conductive layer 6a, 6b made of the conductive material copper is applied over the entire surface at least in some areas of the base material stainless steel.
- Reference symbol K denotes a virtual dividing line between running area L and ignition area Z.
- the conductive layer 6a, 6b made of the conductive material copper is applied over the whole area at least in some areas on the base material stainless steel.
- a full-area area 61 of the conductive layer 6a, 6b in the running area L and a full-area area 62 of the conductive layer 6a, 6b in the ignition area Z are separated by an area 60 in which the base material is exposed over the whole area.
- the conductive layer 6a, 6b made of the conductive material copper on the base material stainless steel is at least regionally in the form of longitudinal strips with less
- Width as a width of the inside Ia, Ib applied.
- the conductive layer 6a, 6b made of the conductive material copper is applied to the base material stainless steel at least in some areas in the form of longitudinal strips with a width smaller than the width of the inside Ia, Ib.
- a longitudinal strip-shaped area 61 'of the conductive layer 6a, 6b in the running area L and a longitudinal strip-shaped area 62' of the conductive layer 6a, 6b in the ignition area Z are separated by an area 60 in which the base material is exposed over the entire area.
- 7a), b) show a schematic sectional plan view of the first and second diverging electrodes to explain a lightning protection spark gap according to an eighth and ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- the conductive layer 6a, 6b made of the conductive material copper on the base material stainless steel is longitudinally strip-shaped with a width smaller than a width of
- the conductive layer 6a made of the conductive material copper is applied to the base material stainless steel in the form of a longitudinal strip with a width smaller than the width of the inside Ia, Ib.
- a longitudinal strip-shaped area 61 ′′ of the conductive layer 6a, 6b in the running area L and a longitudinal strip-shaped area 62 ′′ of the conductive layer 6a, 6b are connected to one another in the ignition area Z.
- the conductive layer 6a, 6b made of the conductive material copper on the base material stainless steel is longitudinally strip-shaped with a width smaller than a width of
- FIG. 8 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a lightning protection spark gap according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the first diverging electrode 3a is formed as a long horn electrode and the second diverging electrode 3b is formed as a hook electrode, i.e. the diverging electrodes 3a, 3b run asymmetrically.
- the conductive layer 6a is made of copper on the first
- the conductive layer 6b made of copper is on the base material on the second inner side Ib
- the functional separation between the pulse current phase and the line follower current phase is not only due to the material combination, but also due to the
- Electrode contours influenced.
- the first diverging electrode 3a designed as a long horn electrode, has a continuous contour with an essentially constant radius of curvature to a maximum of 90 ° without fluidic inhomogeneities. As a result, a laminar flow can be generated along the first diverging electrode 3a without turbulence.
- the active inside Ia of the first diverging electrode 3a consists of stainless steel 6a and has a low thermal conductivity of about 20 W / (mK).
- the arc base moves only very slowly or abruptly on the first diverging electrode 6a in the pulsed current phase, since it remains fixed in the melt crater.
- the laminar flow is used to move the arc base in the direction of the arc extinguishing chamber 4.
- a certain pressure build-up is necessary for this, which is only reached with a time delay after the maximum value of the pulse current has been reached.
- the second diverging electrode 3b designed as a hook electrode, has a discontinuous contour with a higher rectified radius of curvature starting from the ignition area Z than the first diverging electrode 3 a designed as a long-horn electrode and then, after a turning point, an opposing radius of curvature like the first diverging electrode 3 a designed as a long-horn electrode.
- Copper 6b which has a high thermal conductivity of around 380 W / (m K), is used as the material on the active inner side Ib. As a result, no melting crater forms there that would cause the arc to persist.
- diverging electrode 3b could cause the arc to blow out too quickly
- Ignition area Z moves in the direction of the arc extinguishing chamber 4.
- the said flow shadow causes the arc root point to persist in the ignition area Z for a few 100 microseconds up to one microsecond, and only afterwards and thus after the impulse current has subsided, the rapid movement continues in the direction of
- Arc extinguishing chamber 4 a Arc extinguishing chamber 4 a.
- Hook electrode formed second diverging electrode 3b can also in this case
- Embodiment can be achieved that the conductive layer 6b made of copper at too high
- Pulse currents are adiabatically overloaded and partially destroyed, so that the pulse current remains in the ignition area.
- the present invention is not limited to the material combination steel / copper. It has been found that in general any material combinations can be used for the diverging electrodes in order to achieve the effects according to the invention.
- the invention is also not limited to the described geometry of the diverging electrodes, but can be used in principle for any geometries.
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019209477.5A DE102019209477B4 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Lightning protection spark gap |
PCT/EP2020/067720 WO2020260400A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2020-06-24 | Lightning-protection spark gap |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3931921A1 true EP3931921A1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
Family
ID=71143742
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20734723.8A Pending EP3931921A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2020-06-24 | Lightning-protection spark gap |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3931921A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102019209477B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020260400A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1123023A (en) * | 1965-03-19 | 1968-08-07 | Ass Elect Ind | Improvements in spark gap electrodes |
DE4435968C2 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-09-12 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | Surge protection element |
AU4577596A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-04 | Felten & Guilleaume Austria Ag | Overvoltage protector |
EP0793318A1 (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-03 | Felten & Guilleaume Austria Ag | Overvoltage arrester device |
AT405112B (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1999-05-25 | Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester | OVERVOLTAGE DEVICE |
DE102005015401B4 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2014-03-20 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Surge arrester with two diverging electrodes and a spark gap acting between the electrodes |
FR2907606B1 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2009-01-09 | Soule Prot Surtensions Sa | OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE WITH CONNECTION RANGES AND MONOBLOC ELECTRODES. |
DE102011051738B4 (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2023-05-04 | Dehn Se | Horn spark gap lightning arrester with deion chamber |
-
2019
- 2019-06-28 DE DE102019209477.5A patent/DE102019209477B4/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-06-24 EP EP20734723.8A patent/EP3931921A1/en active Pending
- 2020-06-24 WO PCT/EP2020/067720 patent/WO2020260400A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102019209477B4 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
DE102019209477A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
WO2020260400A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
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