EP3929000A1 - Security element for securities or security papers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a security element (1) for securities or security papers, wherein the security element (1) has a first side (2) and a second side (7) opposite the first side (2) and at least one side when viewed from the first side (2nd ) has a perceptible color-shifting first area (3), characterized in that the security element (1) has at least one second area (4) that produces a color impression independently of a viewing angle (5, 6) when viewed from the first side (2), wherein Changing a viewing angle (5, 6) in the first area (3) creates a color shift effect, with the first area (3) producing the same color impression at least at a first viewing angle (6) as the second area (4) and with the first area (3) has a different color impression than the second area (4) at least at a second viewing angle (5) that differs from the first viewing angle (6) .

Description

The invention relates to a security element for securities or security papers, the security element having a first side and a second side opposite the first side and at least one color-shifting first area that is perceptible when viewed from the first side.

Security elements of this type are usually used to increase the security against forgery of securities or security papers, such as bank notes, ID cards, credit cards, ATM cards, tickets, etc.

The object of the present invention is to create a security element with increased security against forgery, which is easy to manufacture and easy to verify.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a security element of the type mentioned at the outset in that the security element has at least one second area that produces a viewing angle independent of a viewing angle when viewed from the first side, a color shift effect being created when a viewing angle is changed in the first area, the The first area under at least a first viewing angle generates the same color impression as the second area and wherein the first area has a different color impression than the second area under at least a second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle.

The solution according to the invention significantly increases the security against forgery of securities and security papers. This is implemented in particular in that the first and the second area produce the same color impression for a viewer and the first area and the second area only differ in color from one another by tilting the security element by a viewing angle. Advantageously, the security element according to the invention is simple to produce in comparison to more complex security features and, moreover, can be easily verified with regard to its authenticity even for an inexperienced observer or user.

It should be explicitly pointed out at this point that, in the context of the invention, the term area means a visual impression that is created for a viewer. Therewith the areas described are surface sections that a viewer can perceive. For example, an area cannot only be recognizable or visible from one side of the security feature. This can be achieved in that, for example, a constant-color printing ink can be seen in the area, which is applied to one side of a transparent carrier layer and is also recognizable in the same way or in sections on the second side of the transparent carrier layer. An area which was applied to a first side of the security element due to the manufacturing process can thus optionally also be visible at least in sections on a second side of this security element. The term area therefore does not mean a special structure or concrete layer structure as such, but rather the optical effect that can be perceived in the section.

The security element, viewed from the first side, can have at least one first color-shifting effect and at least one first color impression that is independent of a viewing angle and matched to the color-shifting effect, the security element, viewed from the second side, having at least one second color-shifting effect and at least one second of can have a color impression that is independent of a viewing angle and is matched to the second color-shifting effect. In the present context, “matched” is understood to mean that color impressions matched to one another appear identical to a viewer from a specific viewing angle.

According to an advantageous development, it can be useful that an interaction of the first color-changing effect and the first color impression independent of the viewing angle is not perceptible from the second side, and an interaction of the second color-changing effect and the second color impression independent of the viewing angle cannot be perceived from the first side.

According to an advantageous development it can be provided that the at least one color-changing first area and / or the at least second area can be recognized at least in sections on the second side with a color impression independent of a viewing angle. In this way, the color-shifting effect or the color-constant effect can advantageously be implemented in a simple manner on both sides of the security element.

A color-shifting feature that is perceptible on both sides can be produced by means of just one color-shifting layer, which can prove to be extremely expedient both in terms of forgery protection and from an economic point of view.

Furthermore, it can be expedient if the security element has a color-changing third area on the second side, the third area producing the same color impression as the second area under at least a first viewing angle and the third area under at least a second of the first Viewing angle different viewing angle has a different color impression than the second area and / or that the security element has a fourth area on a second side with a color impression independent of a viewing angle, the first area generating the same color impression as the fourth under at least one first viewing angle Area and wherein the first area has a different color impression than the fourth area under at least one second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle.

This further development can be advantageous in particular because a double-sided attachment of color-tilting areas that are independent of the viewing angle offers a great variety of design options and thus also allows a high level of protection against forgery. For a high level of protection against forgery, it can also be particularly advantageous if security features can be attached to both sides of a security paper or security paper.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the first area and the second area form a continuously closed area with the same color impression at the at least one viewing angle at which the first area and the second area have the same color impression. The depicted motif is therefore not visually recognizable to a viewer.

This has the positive effect that the first and the second area do not visually differ from one another for a viewer, or do not stand out from one another. This can also contribute to increasing the security element's security against forgery. As a rule, even untrained viewers are able to recognize whether the color impression of the areas of a page is identical under a certain viewing angle, or whether the areas differ from each other. If the color-changing and viewing-angle-independent areas are formed directly adjacent to one another, even a layperson can in principle recognize whether or not they are identical.

In addition, it can be provided that the third area and the second area form a continuously closed area with the same color impression at the at least one viewing angle at which the third area and the second area have the same color impression and / or that the first area and the fourth area at the at least one viewing angle at which the first area and the fourth area have the same color impression form a continuously closed area with the same color impression.

This also has the effect that the third and the second area or the first and the fourth area do not differ from one another for a viewer or do not stand out from one another, which can also have a positive effect on the security element's security against counterfeiting.

An embodiment is also advantageous, according to which it can be provided that the first area and the third area are arranged opposite one another at least in sections and / or that the second area and the fourth area are arranged opposite one another at least in sections.

It is thus possible to implement two security features on a single security element, as a result of which this security element can be made relatively small. If the first area and the third area are arranged opposite one another in a certain manner defined by the manufacture of the security element, this can have an advantageous effect on the security against forgery. How or to what extent the first and third areas are arranged opposite one another can be defined in the course of register coordination. For example, the first and third areas can match in shape and size and be arranged congruently one above the other. Alternatively, it can also be useful if the first and third areas are arranged opposite one another and with a defined offset from one another.

According to a development, it is possible for the first area and the third area to be identical in color and / or for the second area and the fourth area to be identical in color.

This further development can contribute in a positive way to a cost-effective design of the security element. In addition, visually appealing designs can be created.

It can also be useful if the first area and / or the third area and / or the second area and / or the fourth area is designed as a letter, number, character, symbol or part of an image or pattern.

In addition, it can be provided that letters, numbers, characters, symbols or parts of an image or pattern are designed differently on the first side and on the second side.

The formation of letters, numbers, characters, symbols or parts of an image or pattern, in particular of differently shaped and differently sized contours, can offer a high level of protection against forgery in a simple manner. In particular with complex or elaborate contours and shapes, it can be very difficult to reconnect.

According to a particular embodiment, it is possible that at least on the first side a color-changing fifth area is formed which, before changing the viewing angle, generates the same color impression as the second area and which, after changing the viewing angle, generates the same color impression as the first area before the change the viewing angle.

This form enables a multitude of design and configuration options, so that both highly counterfeit-proof and visually appealing security elements can be created. Of course, it would also be conceivable and, if necessary, expedient if, instead of or in addition to the color-shifting fifth area, a further area that is constant in color or a further area that is independent of the viewing angle is formed. Such a further area could advantageously be formed by a true color image or also by black or silver colors.

According to an advantageous development, it can be provided that the first area and / or the third area has a layer with color-shifting pigments, in particular interference pigments, pigments with a color-shifting thin-layer structure or liquid crystal pigments, or a layer with a color-shifting thin-layer structure.

In particular, it can be advantageous if the first area and / or the third area has at least one liquid crystal layer, in particular at least one cholesteric liquid crystal layer.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the first area and / or the third area has at least one layer that enhances the color shift effect, in particular a layer of dark color and / or a layer of metal oxides such as, for example, substoichiometric aluminum oxide.

For example, the layer that enhances the color-shifting effect can be applied to the liquid crystal layer or the layer of color-shifting pigments, so that the layer of color-shifting pigments or the liquid crystal layer is arranged between the layer that enhances the color-shifting effect and a carrier layer. The layer that enhances the color-shifting effect can, however, also be arranged between the carrier layer and the layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer. In addition, it is also possible for the carrier layer to be arranged between the layer that enhances the color-shifting effect and the layer of color-shifting pigments or the liquid crystal layer.

At this point it should be pointed out that one or more intermediate layers can be arranged between the at least one layer that enhances the color-shifting effect and the carrier layer and / or the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer. It should also be pointed out that the term layer in this document is to be understood in such a way that a layer can also be made up of several partial layers.

In addition, it can be provided that the color-shifting thin-layer structure has at least one absorber layer and at least one spacer layer made of a dielectric material.

An embodiment is also advantageous, according to which it can be provided that the color-shifting thin-layer structure has at least one reflective layer, the spacer layer being arranged between the reflective layer and the absorber layer.

According to a further development, it is possible for a carrier layer to be formed from plastic, in particular from a translucent and / or thermoplastic plastic, the carrier layer preferably at least one of the materials from the group of polyimide (PI), polypropylene (PP), monoaxially oriented polypropylene ( MOPP), biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone, (PEEK) polyetherketone (PEK), polyethyleneimide (PEI), polysulfone (PSU), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), liquid crystalline polymers (LCP), polyester, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), cycloolefin copolymers (COC), polyoxymethylene (POM), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyvinylcholride (PVC) ) Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene fluoroterpolymer (EFEP) and / or mixtures and / or copolymers of these materials or is made from at least one of these materials.

Furthermore, it can be expedient if the carrier layer has a thickness of 5 μm to 1000 μm, particularly preferably a thickness of 8 μm to 50 μm.

In addition, it can be provided that on the at least one liquid crystal layer or the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments, the layer that enhances the color-shifting effect, in particular a layer of dark color and / or a layer of metal oxides such as substoichiometric aluminum oxide, is applied so that the at least a layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid-crystal layer is arranged between the at least one layer that enhances the color-shift effect and a carrier layer, or that the at least one layer that enhances the color-shifting effect is arranged between the carrier layer and the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer or that the carrier layer is between the at least one color-shifting effect enhancing layer and the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer is organized.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the at least one absorber layer has at least one metallic material, in particular selected from the group consisting of nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, palladium, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, aluminum, silver, copper and / or alloys comprises these materials or is made from at least one of these materials.

According to a particular embodiment, it is possible for the at least one spacer layer to have at least one low-index dielectric material with a refractive index less than or equal to 1.65, in particular selected from the group aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), metal fluorides, for example magnesium fluoride (MgF ₂ ), Aluminum fluoride (AlF ₃ ), silicon oxide (SIO _x ), silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ), cerium fluoride (CeF ₃ ), sodium-aluminum fluoride (e.g. _{Na 3 AlF 6} or Na ₅ Al ₃ F ₁₄ ), neodymium fluoride (NdF ₃ ), Lanthanum fluoride (LaF ₃ ), samarium _{fluoride (SmF 3} ) barium fluoride (BaF ₂ ), calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ), lithium fluoride (LiF), low-refractive organic monomers and / or low-refractive organic polymers or at least one high-refractive dielectric material with a refractive index greater than 1, 65, especially selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), carbon (C), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), indium tin oxide (ITO), tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), Cerium oxide (CeO ₂ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), europium oxide (Eu ₂ O ₃ ), iron oxides such as iron (II, III) oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) , Hafnium nitride (HfN), hafnium carbide (HfC), hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ), magnesium oxide (MgO), neodymium oxide (Nd ₂ O ₃ ), praseodymium _{oxide (Pr 6} O ₁₁ ), samarium oxide (Sm ₂ O ₃ ), antimony trioxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), silicon monoxide (SiO), selenium trioxide (Se ₂ O ₃ ), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ), comprises high-index organic monomers and / or high-index organic polymers or is made from at least one of these materials.

According to an advantageous development it can be provided that the at least one reflective layer has at least one metallic material, in particular selected from the group silver, copper, aluminum, gold, platinum, niobium, tin, or from nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt and palladium or alloys of these materials, in particular cobalt-nickel alloys or at least one high-index dielectric material with a refractive index greater than 1.65, in particular selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), carbon ( C), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), indium tin oxide (ITO), tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), cerium oxide (CeO ₂ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), europium oxide (Eu ₂ O ₃ ), Iron oxides such as iron (II, III) oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), hafnium nitride (HfN), hafnium carbide (HfC), hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ), magnesium oxide (MgO), neodymium oxide (Nd ₂ O ₃ ), praseodymium _{oxide (Pr 6} O ₁₁ ), Samarium _{oxide (Sm 2} O ₃ ), antimony trioxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), silicon monoxide (SiO), selenium trioxide (Se ₂ O ₃ ), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), Tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ), high refractive index organic monomers and / or high refractive index organic polymers or is made from at least one of these materials.

In particular, it can be advantageous if the security element is equipped with machine-readable features, the machine-readable features being in particular magnetic codings, electrically conductive layers, substances that absorb and / or re-emit electromagnetic waves.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the security element has additional layers, which additional layers include, in particular, protective lacquers, heat-sealing sheets, adhesives, primers and / or foils.

In this way, the specialist can create coordinated or optimized security elements according to his specialist knowledge and on the basis of the specific requirements for an area of application.

For a better understanding of the invention, it is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Fig. 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Sicherheitselements,

Fig. 2

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Sicherheitselements,

Fig. 3

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Sicherheitselements,

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt durch ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Sicherheitselements,

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt durch ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Sicherheitselements,

Fig. 6

einen Schnitt durch ein sechstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Sicherheitselements.

They each show in a greatly simplified, schematic representation:

Fig. 1

a first embodiment of a security element,

Fig. 2

a second embodiment of a security element,

Fig. 3

a third embodiment of a security element,

Fig. 4

a section through a fourth embodiment of a security element,

Fig. 5

a section through a fifth embodiment of a security element,

Fig. 6

a section through a sixth embodiment of a security element.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols or the same component names, whereby the disclosures contained in the entire description can be transferred accordingly to the same parts with the same reference symbols or the same component names. The position details chosen in the description, e.g. above, below, to the side, etc., refer to the figure immediately described and shown and these position details are to be transferred accordingly to the new position in the event of a change in position.

The figures, especially the Figures 1 to 3 , or the Figures 4 to 6 are comprehensively described in a synopsis in order to avoid unnecessary repetitions. Thereby are in the Figures 1 to 3 or in the Figures 4 to 6 If applicable, independent embodiments of the security element are shown.

The embodiments according to Figures 1 to 3 each show a security element 1 for securities or security papers, the security element 1 having at least one color-changing first area 3 on a first side 2. It is provided that the security element 1 on the first side 2 has a second area 4 with a color impression independent of a viewing angle 5, 6. When a viewing angle 5, 6 is changed in the first area 3, a color shift effect arises, the first area 3 producing the same color impression under at least one first viewing angle 6 as the second area 4. Under at least one second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle 6 5, the first area 3 has a different color impression than the second area 4.

In the Figures 1 to 3 it is also shown that the security element 1 viewed from the first side 2 can have at least a first color-shifting effect and at least a first color impression that is independent of a viewing angle 5, 6 and tailored to the color-shifting effect. Viewed from the second side 7, the security element 1 can have at least one second color-shifting effect and at least one second color impression that is independent of a viewing angle 5, 6 and tailored to the second color-shifting effect. An interplay of the first color-changing effect and the first viewing angle 6 independent color impression can not be perceptible from the second side 7, and an interplay of the second color-changing effect and color impression independent of the second viewing angle 5 cannot be perceptible from the first side 2.

According to Figure 1 the at least one color-changing first area 3 can be seen at least in sections on a second side 7 opposite the first side 2. The color-changing first area 3 is perceptible on the first side 2 as a star and on the second side 7 as the number ten. When the element is tilted, the star or the number ten "disappears" in front of the background of constant color, which in the design example is formed by the respective regions 4, 9 of constant color. The color-constant areas 4, 9 can be formed, for example, by a blue printing ink. The color-shifting first area 3 can be perceptible as green when viewed in the second viewing angle 5 and in the same blue as that of the color-constant areas 4, 9 in the first viewing angle 6.

As an alternative embodiment, the Figure 2 that the at least second area 4 can be seen with a color impression independent of a viewing angle 5, 6, at least in sections on a second side 7 opposite the first side 2. The second area 4, which is constant in color, can be perceived as a star on the first side 2 and as the number ten on the second side 7. When the element is tilted, the star or the number ten in front of the color-shifting background, which in the design example is formed by the respective color-shifting areas 3, 8, cannot be visually recognized. The color-constant area 4 can be formed, for example, by a blue printing ink. The color-shifting areas 3, 8 can be perceptible as green when viewed in the second viewing angle 5 and in the same blue as that of the color-constant area 4 in the first viewing angle 6.

In the Figure 2 is shown by way of example that the security elements 1 can have a color-changing third area 8 with a color impression dependent on a viewing angle 5, 6 on a second side 7 opposite the first side 2. The third area 8 can produce the same color impression at at least one first viewing angle 6 as the second area 4 and the third area 8 can have a different color impression than the second area 4 at at least a second viewing angle 5 that is different from the first viewing angle 6 .

But it can also be and is through the Figure 1 outlines that a security element 1 has a fourth area 9 on a second side 7 with a color impression independent of a viewing angle 5, 6. In this case, the first area 3 can produce the same color impression at at least one first viewing angle 6 as the fourth area 9 and the first area 3 can have a different color impression than the fourth area 9 at at least a second viewing angle 5 that is different from the first viewing angle 6 .

The security elements 1 in the Figures 1 to 3 are shown as a circular example, with a wide variety of other and possibly advantageous shapes or contours being conceivable, of course. In the Figures 1a , 2a and 3a the first side 2 and the second side 7 of the security element 1 are shown at the viewing angle 5, in which the color-changing first area 3 and the color-changing third area 8 produce a different color impression than the color-constant second area 4 or the color constant fourth area 9. The Figures 1b , 2 B and 3b each show the first side 2 and the second side 7 of the security element 1 at the viewing angle 6 at which the color-changing first area 3 and the color-changing third area 8 produce the same color impression as the color-constant second area 4 and the color-constant fourth area 9.

the Figure 1b , shows that the first area 3 and the fourth area 9 at the at least one viewing angle 6 at which the first area 3 and the fourth area 9 have the same color impression, can form a continuously closed area with the same color impression. In the Figures 2b and 3b it is shown that the third area 8 and the second area 4 at the at least one viewing angle 6 at which the third area 8 and the second area 4 have the same color impression, can form a continuously closed area with the same color impression.

The first area 3 with a constant color and the third area 8 with a constant color can be arranged opposite one another at least in sections. As an alternative or in addition, it can also be the case that the second area 4 with the constant color and the fourth area 9 with constant color are arranged opposite one another at least in sections. It is also conceivable and possibly sensible that the first area 3 and the third area 8 are identical in color and / or that the second area 4 and the fourth area 9 are identical in color.

This possible color equality is in the Figures 1 to 3 represented by means of similar hatching.

The first area 3 and / or the third area 8 and / or the second area 4 and / or the fourth area 9 can advantageously be designed as a letter, number, character, symbol or part of an image or pattern. These letters, numbers, characters, symbols or parts of an image or pattern can - as in the Figures 1 to 3 shown - be designed differently on the first side 2 and on the second side 7. An example is here in the Figure 1 the first area 3 is shown in the shape of a star and the third area 8 as the number "10". Alternatively, the second area 4 is in FIG Figure 2 Arranged in a star shape and the fourth area 9 as the number "10". Of course, a large number of other and, in particular, more complex arrangements are conceivable. It is known to the person skilled in the art that more complicated designs are significantly more forgery-proof than simple ones. In this way, the person skilled in the art can decide whether to choose a design in which defined color-shifting areas "disappear" or, alternatively, "appear".

In the views from the viewing angle 6 from which the first and second areas 3, 4 or the third and fourth areas 8, 9 produce the same color impression and thus the number-shaped or star-shaped areas "disappear" are the respective " "disappeared" areas shown by dashed lines. In fact, however, these dashed lines are not visible to a viewer, so that the viewer has the impression of a continuous color area without transitions.

Combinations of these effects are also conceivable, as shown in FIG Figure 3 is shown. For this purpose, a color-changing fifth area 10 may be formed at least on the first side 2. Before changing the viewing angle 5, 6, this can produce the same color impression as the second area 4, which is constant in color. After changing the viewing angle 5, 6, this can produce the same color impression as the color-changing first area 3 before changing the viewing angle 5, 6. In this way, the effect can be achieved that, by changing the viewing angle, defined elements, images or symbols "disappear", while others "appear" to a viewer. The second page 7 according to Figure 3b is designed identically to the first page 2 in the Figure 2b , however, the color-shifting second area 4 in the Figure 3b is designed as a star and not as a number.

the Figures 1 , 2 and 3 show, as already described, the color shift effect when the viewing angle 5, 6 of a viewer changes. It is of course possible to change the viewing angle 5, 6 in that the viewer tilts the security element 1 himself, or, for example, also by the viewer changing his own viewing position. the Figures 1a , 2a and 3a show the respective reference state at an original viewing angle 5, while the Figures 1b , 2 B and 3b reproduce the respective optical impression after changing the viewing angle 6. How much the viewing angle has to be changed so that a color-shifting effect can be perceived by a viewer depends to a large extent on the type or design of the color-shifting area.

It may be advantageous if the first, third and / or fifth area 3, 8, 10 has a layer with color-shifting pigments, in particular with interference pigments, pigments with a color-shifting thin-layer structure 11 or liquid crystal pigments, or a layer with a color-shifting thin-layer structure 11.

It can also be the case that the first, third and / or fifth area 3, 8, 10 has at least one liquid crystal layer, in particular at least one cholesteric liquid crystal layer.

The first, third and / or fifth area 3, 8, 10 can furthermore have at least one layer that enhances the color shift effect, in particular a layer of dark color and / or a layer of metal oxides such as, for example, substoichiometric aluminum oxide.

If the first, third and / or fifth area 3, 8, 10 has a color-shifting thin-layer structure 11, this can have at least one absorber layer 12 and at least one spacer layer 13 made of a dielectric material.

In addition, the color-changing thin-layer structure 11 can have at least one reflective layer 14, wherein the spacer layer 13 can be arranged between the reflective layer 14 and the absorber layer 12.

A carrier layer 15 can advantageously be formed from plastic, in particular from a translucent and / or thermoplastic plastic. This carrier layer 15 can preferably at least one of the materials from the group polyimide (PI), polypropylene (PP), monoaxially oriented polypropylene (MOPP), biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone, (PEEK) Polyetherketone (PEK), polyethyleneimide (PEI), polysulfone (PSU), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), liquid crystalline polymers (LCP), polyester, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate ( PC), cycloolefin copolymers (COC), polyoxymethylene (POM), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyvinylcholrid (PVC), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and ethylene tetrafluoride Hexafluoropropylene fluoroterpolymer (EFEP) and / or mixtures and / or copolymers of these materials comprise or be produced from at least one of these materials.

The carrier layer 15 can have a thickness 16 of 5 μm to 1000 μm, particularly preferably a thickness 16 of 8 μm to 50 μm.

In the first, third and / or fifth area 3, 8, 10, on the at least one liquid crystal layer or the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments, the layer that enhances the color-shifting effect, in particular a layer of dark color and / or a layer of metal oxides such as, for example, substoichiometric Aluminum oxide. This is such that the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer is arranged between the at least one layer that enhances the color-shift effect and a carrier layer 15, or that the at least one layer that enhances the color-shift effect is arranged between the carrier layer 15 and the at least one layer color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer is arranged, or that the carrier layer 15 is arranged between the at least one layer that enhances the color-shifting effect and the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer.

If an absorber layer 12 is provided, it preferably comprises at least one metallic material, in particular selected from the group consisting of nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, Cobalt, palladium, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, aluminum, silver, copper and / or alloys of these materials or is made from at least one of these materials.

If a spacer layer 13 is arranged, it advantageously comprises at least one low-refractive dielectric material with a refractive index less than or equal to 1.65, in particular selected from the group aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), metal fluorides, for example magnesium fluoride (MgF ₂ ), aluminum fluoride (AlF ₃ ), silicon oxide (SIO _x ), silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ), cerium fluoride (CeF ₃ ), sodium-aluminum fluoride (e.g. _{Na 3 AlF 6} or Na ₅ Al ₃ F ₁₄ ), neodymium fluoride (NdF ₃ ), lanthanum fluoride (LaF ₃ ), samarium _{fluoride (SmF 3} ), barium fluoride (BaF ₂ ), calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ), lithium fluoride (LiF), low-refractive organic monomers and / or low-refractive organic polymers or at least one high-refractive dielectric material with a refractive index greater than 1.65, in particular selected from the group zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), carbon (C), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), indium tin oxide (ITO), tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), cerium oxide ( CeO ₂ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), europium oxide (Eu ₂ O ₃ ), iron oxides such as iron (II, III) oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), hafnium nitride (HfN) , Hafnium carbide (HfC), hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ), magnesium oxide (MgO), neodymium oxide (Nd ₂ O ₃ ), praseodymium _{oxide (Pr 6} O ₁₁ ), samarium oxide (Sm ₂ O ₃ ), antimony trioxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), silicon monoxide (SiO), selenium trioxide (Se ₂ O ₃ ), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ), high-index organic monomers and / or high-index organic polymers or is made from at least one of these materials.

If a reflective layer 14 is formed, this can be at least one metallic material, in particular selected from the group silver, copper, aluminum, gold, platinum, niobium, tin, or from nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt and palladium or alloys of these materials , in particular cobalt-nickel alloys or at least one high-index dielectric material with a refractive index greater than 1.65, in particular selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), carbon (C), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), indium tin oxide (ITO), tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), cerium oxide (CeO ₂ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), europium oxide (Eu ₂ O ₃ ), iron oxides such as Iron (II, III) oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), hafnium nitride (HfN), hafnium carbide (HfC), hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ), Magnesium oxide (MgO), neodymium oxide (Nd ₂ O ₃ ), praseodymium oxide (Pr ₆ O ₁₁ ), samarium _{oxide (Sm 2} O ₃ ), antimony trioxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), silicon monoxide (SiO), selenium trioxide (Se ₂ O ₃ ), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ), high refractive index organic monomers and / or high refractive index organic polymers or be made from at least one of these materials.

It can also be that those in the Figures 1 to 3 shown security elements 1 are equipped with machine-readable features. This can in particular be magnetic coding, electrically conductive layers, electromagnetic waves absorbing and / or re-emitting substances.

In addition, the security element 1 can have additional layers, which additional layers comprise in particular protective lacquers, heat-sealing lacquers, adhesives, primers and / or foils. Generic designs and their advantages are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art and are therefore not explained in more detail at this point.

In the Figures 4 to 6 three conceivable, simplified structures of security elements 1 are shown by way of example in a sectional view. It goes without saying that the described embodiments are only to be understood as examples and that the person skilled in the art is basically familiar with methods for realizing a structure that corresponds to the security element 1 according to the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made at this point to the detailed description of the preceding Figures 1 to 3 referenced or referred to.

In the Figure 4 a relatively simple layer structure is shown. The security element 1 is formed by a transparent carrier layer 15, the carrier layer 15 being provided on one side with color-changing and color-constant features. A fourth area 9 of constant color is applied to the carrier layer 15 in sections, that is to say not over the entire surface, with recesses 18 being formed as a result. According to the example, this color-constant fourth area 9 is completely covered by means of a color-changing first area 3, the color-changing first area 3 in particular also including the cutouts 18. As the outermost layer, a printing ink is applied in sections as the second color-constant area 4, it being useful if the color of the color-constant fourth area 9 and the color of the second area 4, which is constant in color, is identical. Viewed from the first side 2, a user can see the second color-constant area 4 and also the recesses 18 of the first color-shifting area 3 that are not covered by the second color-constant area 4. Since the first color-shifting area 3 is preferably an opaque layer, the fourth area 9, which is constant in color, cannot be seen from the first side 2. When the security element 1 is tilted from a first viewing angle 5 to a second viewing angle 6, the color of the first color-changing area 3 changes in such a way that it creates an identical color impression for the viewer as the second color-constant area. Viewed from the second side 7, a user can see the color-constant fourth area 9 applied in sections through the transparent carrier layer 15, as well as parts of the color-changing first area 3 in the recesses 18 from a first viewing angle 5 to a second viewing angle 6 the impression that the color of the first color-shifting area 3 changes in such a way that it creates an identical color impression for the viewer as the fourth color-constant area 9. The carrier layer 15 can have a thickness 16 of 5 µm to 1000 µm, particularly preferably a thickness 16 of 8 µm to 50 µm. It is conceivable that the color-shifting area 3, as described above, has a layer with color-shifting pigments, in particular interference pigments, pigments with a color-shifting thin-layer structure 11 or liquid crystal pigments. Layer structures with liquid crystal pigments can advantageously have dark layers or reflective layers comparable to thin-layer structures 11. Of course, it is not absolutely necessary for the color-shifting areas 3 - as shown - to be formed over the entire surface. The shape, size and configuration can advantageously be adapted to any conceivable design configuration.

In the Figure 5 Another conceivable layer structure is shown schematically. The basic structure of the security element 1 is formed by a transparent carrier layer 15, the carrier layer 15 being provided with features of constant color on both sides. A color-shifting first area 3 is applied over the entire surface of the carrier layer 15. According to the example, it is provided that the color-shifting area 3 is designed as a color-shifting thin-layer structure 11. The thin-layer structure 11 can expediently be designed to be opaque on both sides, so that a color-shifting effect viewed from the first side 2 as well as can also be seen when viewed from the second side 7. For this purpose, the double-sided color-shifting thin-layer structure 11, as shown and described starting from the carrier layer 15, can be formed by a first absorber layer 12, a first spacer layer 13, an opaque reflective layer 14, a second spacer layer 13 and a second absorber layer 12. A first color-constant area 4 can be formed in sections on the thin-layer structure 11 acting as a color-shifting area 3. On the second side 7 of the security element 1, or on the second side of the carrier layer 15, a second area 9 of constant color can be arranged in sections, as shown. From the first side 2, a viewer can see the second constant color area 4 applied in sections, as well as the color-shifting first area 3 underneath in the recesses 18, which is defined by the opaque reflective layer 14, the second spacer layer 13 and the second absorber layer 12 of the thin-film structure 11 is formed. From the second side 7, a viewer can see the fourth constant color area 9 applied in sections, as well as in the recesses 18 the underlying color-shifting first area 3, which is defined by the opaque reflective layer 14, the first spacer layer 13 and the first absorber layer 12 of the thin-film structure 11 is formed. The two color-constant areas 4, 9 can optionally also be arranged directly one above the other, so that the same motif is shown for a viewer on both sides 2, 7. The training variant according to Figure 5 can enable a variety of design variants. In particular, the two-sided thin-layer structure 11 can be constructed in such a way that the color-shifting effect is different on the two sides 2, 7. It can thus be conceivable that the thin-film structure 11, viewed from the first side 2, appears blue at a first viewing angle 5 and appears green at a second viewing angle 6. The printing color of the second color-constant area 4 can, for example, produce the same green color impression. In addition, the thin-film structure 11, viewed from the second side 7, can appear green at a first viewing angle 5 and appear blue at a second viewing angle 6. The printing color of the fourth color-constant area 9 can produce the same blue color impression, for example.

Another conceivable variant is through the Figure 6 roughly outlined schematically. According to Figure 6 security element 1 is provided, which can be formed by two transparent carrier layers 15. A second area 4 of constant color can be formed over the entire surface or only in sections between the two carrier layers 15 - for example in the color blue. It may be necessary that the second area 4 of constant color is applied with the aid of a laminating adhesive 17, by means of which a sufficient adhesive effect can be achieved between the two carrier layers 15 or between the printing ink of the second area 4 with constant color and the carrier layers 15. On the first side 2 of the security element 1, a color-changing first area 3 can be applied in sections and a color-changing third area 8 can be applied in sections on the second side 7 of the security element 1. The two color-shifting areas 3, 8 can expediently be thin-layer structures 11, which - viewed from the carrier layers 15 - can be formed by an opaque reflective layer 14, a spacer layer 13 and an absorber layer 12. Since the reflective layer 14 is preferably an opaque layer, the respective underlying structure cannot be seen by a viewer. Thus, a viewer sees the color-changing first area 3 on the first side 2, as well as the second area 4, which is constant in color, in the recesses 18 formed as a result of the application in sections through the transparent carrier layer 15 he recognizes the color-shifting third area 8, as well as the color-constant second area 4 in the recesses 18 formed as a result of the application in sections through the transparent carrier layer 15.

The carrier layer 15 can have a thickness 16 of 5 μm to 1000 μm, particularly preferably a thickness 16 of 8 μm to 50 μm. In particular, the carrier layer 15 can advantageously be made thicker than the areas 3, 4, 8, 9 arranged on the sides 2, 7.

The first area 3 and the third area 8 can be arranged opposite one another at least in sections. In addition, the second area 4 and the fourth area 9 can be arranged opposite one another at least in sections or reproduce a pattern.

The exemplary embodiments show possible design variants, whereby it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated design variants of the same, but rather various combinations of the individual design variants with one another are possible and this possibility of variation is based on the teaching of technical action through the present invention in the Ability of the person skilled in this technical field.

The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and the drawings are to be used to interpret the claims. Individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can represent independent inventive solutions. The task on which the independent inventive solutions are based can be found in the description.

All information on value ranges in the present description are to be understood in such a way that they include any and all sub-areas, e.g. the information 1 to 10 should be understood to include all sub-areas, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 , ie all sub-ranges begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, for example 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10.

For the sake of clarity, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure, some elements have been shown not to scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced.

List of reference symbols

1

Security element

2

first page

3

first area

4th

second area

5

Viewing angle

6th

Viewing angle

7th

second page

8th

third area

9

fourth area

10

fifth area

11th

Thin-film structure

12th

Absorber layer

13th

Spacer layer

14th

Reflective layer

15th

Carrier layer

16

thickness

17th

Laminating adhesive

18th

Recess

Claims (25)

Security element (1) for securities or security papers, the security element (1) having a first side (2) and a second side (7) opposite the first side (2) and at least one color-shifting side that is perceptible when viewed from the first side (2) first area (3), characterized in that the security element (1) has at least one second area (4) which, when viewed from the first side (2), generates a color impression independent of a viewing angle (5, 6), wherein when a viewing angle ( 5, 6) a color shift effect arises in the first area (3), the first area (3) generating the same color impression under at least a first viewing angle (6) as the second area (4) and the first area (3) under at least one second viewing angle (5) different from the first viewing angle (6) has a different color impression than the second area (4). The security element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the security element (1) viewed from the first side (2) has at least one first color-shifting effect and at least one first color-shifting effect independent of a viewing angle (5, 6) Has color impression, the security element (1) viewed from the second side (7) having at least one second color-shifting effect and at least one second color impression, independent of a viewing angle (5, 6), coordinated with the second color-shifting effect. The security element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that an interaction of the first color-changing effect and the first viewing angle (6) independent color impression is not perceptible from the second side (7), and an interaction of the second color-changing effect and the second viewing angle (5) independent color impression from the first side (2) is imperceptible. The security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one color-shifting first area (3) and / or the at least second area (4) with a color impression independent of a viewing angle (5, 6) at least in sections on the second Side (7) are recognizable. The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1) has a color-changing third area (8) on the second side (7), the third area (8) at least from a first viewing angle (6). creates the same color impression as the second area (4) and wherein the third area (8) has a different color impression than the second area (4) and / or that the security element (1) has a fourth area (9) on a second side (7) with a color impression independent of a viewing angle (5, 6), the first area (3) having the same at least at a first viewing angle (6) Color impression is generated, like the fourth area (9) and wherein the first area (3) under at least one second viewing angle (5) different from the first viewing angle (6) has a different color impression than the fourth area (9). The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first area (3) and the second area (4) at the at least one viewing angle (6) at which the first area (3) and the second area (4 ) have the same color impression, form a continuously closed surface with the same color impression. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the third area (8) and the second area (4) at the at least one viewing angle (6) at which the third area (8) and the second area (4) have the same color impression, form a continuously closed area with the same color impression and / or that the first area (3) and the fourth area (9) under the at least one viewing angle (6) at which the first area (3) and the fourth area (9) have the same color impression, form a continuously closed area with the same color impression. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the first area (3) and the third area (8) are arranged opposite one another at least in sections and / or that the second area (4) and the fourth area ( 9) are arranged opposite one another at least in sections. Security element (1) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the first area (3) and the third area (8) are identical in color and / or that the second area (4) and the fourth area (9) are colored are identical. Security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first area (3) and / or the third area (8) and / or the second area (4) and / or the fourth area (9) as a letter, Number, sign, symbol or part of an image or pattern is formed. Security element (1) according to Claim 10, characterized in that the letter, number, character, symbol or part of an image or pattern are designed differently on the first side (2) and on the second side (7). The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a color-changing fifth area (10) is formed at least on the first side (2), which before changing the viewing angle (5, 6) creates the same color impression as the second area (4) and which after changing the viewing angle (5, 6) produces the same color impression as the first area (3) before changing the viewing angle (5, 6). The security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first area (3) and / or the third area (8) have a layer color-shifting pigments, in particular interference pigments, pigments with a color-shifting thin-layer structure (11) or liquid crystal pigments, or a layer with a color-shifting thin-layer structure (11). The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first area (3) and / or the third area (8) has at least one liquid crystal layer, in particular at least one cholesteric liquid crystal layer. The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first area (3) and / or the third area (8) has at least one layer that reinforces the color shift effect, in particular a layer of dark color and / or a layer of metal oxides such as substoichiometric aluminum oxide. Security element (1) according to one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the color-shifting thin-layer structure (11) has at least one absorber layer (12) and at least one spacer layer (13) made of a dielectric material. The security element (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that the color-shifting thin-layer structure (11) has at least one reflective layer (14), the spacer layer (13) being arranged between the reflective layer (14) and the absorber layer (12). The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a carrier layer (15) is formed from plastic, in particular from a translucent and / or thermoplastic plastic, the carrier layer (15) preferably at least one of the materials from the polyimide group (PI), polypropylene (PP), monoaxially oriented polypropylene (MOPP), biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone, (PEEK) Polyetherketone (PEK), polyethyleneimide (PEI), polysulfone (PSU), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), liquid crystalline polymers (LCP), polyester, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) , Polycarbonate (PC), cycloolefin copolymers (COC), polyoxymethylene (POM), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyvinylcholride (PVC), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and ethylene -Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-fluoroterpolymer (EFEP) and / or mixtures and / or copolymers of these materials comprises or is produced from at least one of these materials. Security element (1) according to Claim 18, characterized in that the carrier layer (15) has a thickness (16) of 5 µm to 1000 µm, particularly preferably a thickness (16) of 8 µm to 50 µm. The security element (1) according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that on the at least one liquid crystal layer or the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments, the layer that enhances the color-shifting effect, in particular a layer of dark color and / or a layer of metal oxides such as Substoichiometric aluminum oxide, is applied so that the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer is arranged between the at least one layer that enhances the color-shifting effect and a carrier layer (15), or that the at least one layer that enhances the color-shifting effect is arranged between the carrier layer (15) ) and the at least one layer of color-shifting pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer is arranged, or that the carrier layer (15) is arranged between the at least one layer that enhances the color-shifting effect and the at least one layer of color-shifting Pigments or the at least one liquid crystal layer is arranged. Security element (1) according to one of Claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the at least one absorber layer (12) has at least one metallic material, in particular selected from the group consisting of nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, Palladium, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, aluminum, silver, copper and / or alloys of these materials comprises or is made from at least one of these materials. Security element (1) according to one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the at least one spacer layer (13) has at least one low-refractive dielectric material with a refractive index less than or equal to 1.65, in particular selected from the group aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) , Metal fluorides, for example magnesium fluoride (MgF ₂ ), aluminum fluoride (AlF ₃ ), silicon oxide (SIO _x ), silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ), cerium fluoride (CeF ₃ ), sodium-aluminum fluoride (e.g. _{Na 3 AlF 6} or Na ₅ Al ₃ F ₁₄ ), neodymium fluoride (NdF ₃ ), lanthanum fluoride (LaF ₃ ), samarium _{fluoride (SmF 3} ), barium fluoride (BaF ₂ ), calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ), lithium fluoride (LiF), low-breaking organic monomers and / or low-breaking organic polymers or at least one high-index dielectric material with a refractive index greater than 1.65, in particular selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), carbon (C), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), indium tin oxide (ITO) , Tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), cerium oxide (CeO ₂ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), europium oxide (Eu ₂ O ₃ ), iron oxides such as iron (II, III) oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), hafnium nitride (HfN), hafnium carbide (HfC), hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ), magnesium oxide (MgO), neodymium oxide (Nd ₂ O ₃ ), praseodymium oxide ( Pr ₆ O ₁₁ ), samarium _{oxide (Sm 2} O ₃ ), antimony trioxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), silicon monoxide (SiO), selenium trioxide (Se ₂ O ₃ ), tin oxide ( SnO ₂ ), tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ), high refractive index organic monomers and / or high refractive index organic polymers or is made from at least one of these materials. Security element (1) according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the at least one reflective layer (14) has at least one metallic material, in particular selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, aluminum, gold, platinum, niobium, tin, or nickel , Titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt and palladium or alloys of these materials, in particular cobalt-nickel alloys or at least one high-index dielectric material with a refractive index of greater than 1.65, in particular selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO ), Titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), carbon (C), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), indium tin oxide (ITO), tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), cerium oxide (CeO ₂ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), europium oxide (Eu ₂ O ₃ ), iron oxides such as iron (II, III) oxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and iron (III) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), hafnium nitride (HfN), hafnium carbide (HfC), hafnium oxide (HfO ₂ ), lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ), magnesium oxide (MgO), neodymium oxide (Nd ₂ O ₃ ), praseodymium _{oxide (Pr 6} O ₁₁ ), samarium _{oxide (Sm 2} O ₃ ), antimony trioxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ), silicon carbide ( SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), silicon monoxide (SiO), selenium trioxide (Se ₂ O ₃ ), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ), high refractive index organic monomers and / or high refractive index organic polymers or at least one made of these materials. The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1) is equipped with machine-readable features, the machine-readable features being in particular magnetic codes, electrically conductive layers, electromagnetic waves absorbing and / or re-emitting substances . The security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1) has additional layers, which additional layers comprise in particular protective lacquers, heat-sealing lacquers, adhesives, primers and / or foils.

Images