EP3902956A1

EP3902956A1 - Method and track laying machine for processing a ballasted track

Info

Publication number: EP3902956A1
Application number: EP19813490.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinz SPRINGER
Original assignee: Plasser und Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH
Current assignee: Plasser und Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH
Priority date: 2018-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-02
Publication date: 2021-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-02
Also published as: WO2020135973A1; EP3902956C0; AT521990B1; EA202100174A1; JP7453977B2; JP2022515845A; AT521990A1; EP3902956B1; CN113195830A; US20220025585A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing a ballasted track (4) by means of a track laying machine (1) which comprises a lifting unit (10) having retaining rollers (17) for retaining a track grid (8) formed from rails (7) and sleepers (6) and having lifting drives (18) for lifting the track grid (8), and which comprises a measurement system (12) for aligning with a target position of the track (4), wherein the lifting unit (10) is made to vibrate by means of a vibration exciter (16) and the vibration is transmitted to the track grid (8). The lifting unit (10) is controlled by means of a control device (20) in such a way that, during a lifting operation, the lifting unit (10) is made to vibrate and the track grid (8) is first raised above the target position and then lowered to the target position.

Description

Process and track construction machine for processing a ballast track

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for processing a ballast track by means of a track construction machine, which has a lifting unit with holding rollers for holding a track grate formed from rails and sleepers and with lifting drives for lifting the track grate and a measuring system for

Alignment with a target position of the track includes, wherein the lifting unit is set in vibration by means of a vibration exciter and the

Vibration is transferred to the track grate. In addition, the invention relates to a corresponding track construction machine.

State of the art

A tamping machine is known from WO 2017/092840 A1, which has a lifting-straightening unit which can be set in vibration by means of a vibration exciter. The machine is used to carry out a

Process in which a track is processed in two work passes. In a first work cycle, the track is raised to a desired level in a conventional manner using the lifting / leveling unit and tamped using tamping units. During this lifting-straightening process, the vibration exciter of the lifting-straightening unit remains switched off. In a subsequent work cycle, the tamping machine drives the same

Track a second time. The vibration exciter is activated and the lifting-straightening unit is used as a stabilizing unit.

Summary of the invention

The invention has for its object to improve a track processing by means of a lifting unit of the type mentioned. In addition, a track construction machine optimized for the improved method is to be specified. [04] According to the invention, these objects are achieved by the features of

Claims Ί and 7. Advantageous further developments of the invention result from the dependent claims.

[05] The lifting unit is controlled by means of a control device in such a way that the lifting unit vibrates during a lifting operation and the track grating is first raised above the desired position and then lowered to the desired position. in the

When lifting under the sleepers, the effective area of the lifting unit initially creates cavities. These are already during the

Lifting process filled with ballast because the vibrations transmitted to the track grate put the ballast in a flow-like state.

In particular, the gravel grains located next to and on the sleepers start to move and move down into the emerging ones

Cavities. This combined lifting and vibrating movement takes place beyond the target position so that enough ballast gets under the sleepers. The vibrating lifting unit is then pushed down to achieve the desired position. The ballast that has entered the cavities is compacted and forms a stable support for the sleepers.

Horizontal vibrations in the transverse direction of the track are favorably transmitted to the track grate in order to achieve effective compaction of the ballast. With the method according to the invention, the track grate can be raised in a simple manner with simultaneous stabilization of the track position.

[06] In an improved variant of the method, the lifting process

interrupted at least once by a lowering of the vibrating lifting unit. This results in a pre-compaction of the ballast that has already been moved under the sleepers. This increases the void volume under the sleepers when the lifting process is continued, so that more ballast gets under the sleepers over the entire lifting process.

[07] A further development of the method provides that the lifting unit

Includes straightening drives, by means of which the track grate is straightened and that the vibration of the lifting unit is reduced during a straightening process. In this form, the lifting unit fulfills the functions of a Lift-straightening unit. With lifting and lowering movements are annoying

Reaction of the vibrated unit on one

The machine frame is negligible because the movably mounted

Height drives have a vibration-dampening effect. The situation is different for a directional movement in the cross-track direction. When activated

Directional drives do not allow the lifting unit to oscillate freely in the transverse direction of the track, because straightening forces act between the lifting unit and the machine frame. A disturbing transmission of vibrations to the

Machine frame is prevented by the vibration of the

Lifting unit is reduced. Ideally, there is a complete one

Vibration cut-off while the directional drives are activated.

[08] In an advantageous extension of the method, ballast is applied to the track grate in a previous operation. This is done either with the same track construction machine or with another machine, for example with a ballast plow. Especially the one on the

Ballast in front of sleepers is set in motion by the transmitted vibrations and fills the sinks and cavities that arise during the lifting process. In this way it is sufficient for the filling processes

subsequent ballast is available in order to achieve large lifting values with the present method.

[09] It is advantageous if new or cleaned ballast is applied to the track grate. The high-quality ballast is very agile at first and favors the shifting of the gravel grains set in vibration. After compaction, however, there is a very stable structure that is not affected by any dirt or abrasion. A desired high lateral displacement resistance of the sleepers embedded in the ballast is thus achieved.

[10] Another improvement provides that in a subsequent one

Work process Thresholds of the track grate are stuffed using a tamping unit. The ballast, pre-compacted by means of the vibrating lifting unit, is brought even more efficiently under the respective threshold with the tamping unit. The lifting unit keeps the track grate in the desired position. Due to the pre-compaction of the ballast is compared conventional tamping processes better compression with less

Tamping cycles achieved.

[11] The track construction machine according to the invention for processing a

Ballast tracks comprise a lifting unit with holding rollers for holding a track grate and with lifting drives for lifting the track grate, the lifting unit being coupled to a vibration exciter. The

The machine also includes a measuring system for comparing the lifting level during a lifting process with a target position of the track. In addition, a control device is arranged which is set up to control the lifting unit according to one of the methods described. This new one

Activation of the lifting unit enables compression or

Pre-compaction of the ballast during a lifting process.

[12] The vibration exciter advantageously includes an adjusting device for setting an impact force acting on the track grate from the lifting unit. The vibration transferred to the track grate can thus be adapted to the given requirements. During a straightening process in particular, it makes sense to reduce the transmitted vibration in order to reduce the impact force. In addition, the adjustable impact force can be used for the controlled lowering of the track grate. This leads to a stronger one with the same load

Power to lower the track grate faster.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a tamping unit is arranged on a machine frame or a satellite frame with respect to a working direction behind the lifting unit. This enables multi-stage compression in a work trip, with the lifting unit effecting pre-compression and the tamping unit effecting additional compression.

[14] Another advantageous form provides that with respect to a

Working direction a stabilizing unit is arranged behind the lifting unit. Such a combination is favorable for new tracks or after cleaning ballast. The track is raised to a desired target position and pre-compacted using the measuring system and the vibrating lifting unit. The ballast is then further compacted using the stabilizing unit. With this in layers Compression and simultaneous position correction are driving releases up to a predetermined permitted speed even without the use of a

Tamping unit possible.

Brief description of the drawings

[15] The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. In a schematic representation:

Fig. 1 track construction machine with lifting unit and tamping unit

Fig. 2 track construction machine with lifting unit and stabilizing unit

Fig. 3 track construction machine with a satellite frame

Fig. 4 ballast in a longitudinal section

FIG. 5 track grate according to FIG. 4 during a track grate lifting

FIG. 6 track grate according to FIG. 4 during a lowering of the track grate

Fig. 7 course of movement during a lifting process

Description of the embodiments

[16] The track construction machine 1 in FIG. 1 comprises a machine frame 2 which can be moved on a track 4 and is supported on rail bogies 3. The track 4 is a ballast track, in which sleepers 6 mounted on ballast 5 and associated rails 7 form a track grate 8. Regarding one

Working direction 9, a tamping unit 11 is arranged behind a lifting unit 10. A measuring system 12 comprises, for example, three measuring carriages 13, which detect a track position during processing in relation to a reference system 14. Either mechanically clamped measuring eyes or optical devices are used as the reference system 14.

[17] A mechanical measuring system 12 comprises two leveling chords (one for each rail) and one directional sight. The tendons are stretched between the two outer measuring carriages 13 and there is a measuring pickup 15 on the middle measuring carriage

Measuring car 13 light sources and optical sensors arranged, by means of which the positions of the measuring car 13 to each other are detected. In the present invention, the measuring system 12 is used to move the track grate 8 to be lifted to a desired level using the Heb0 vibrating unit.

[18] According to the invention, the lifting unit 10 comprises a vibration exciter 16.

This is preferably constructed in such a way that the lifting unit 10 is set into a horizontal vibration transverse to the machine longitudinal direction when the vibration exciter 16 is activated. For example, two rotating imbalances are arranged, the impact forces of which increase in the horizontal direction and cancel out in the vertical direction. It is advantageous if the resulting impact force is adjustable. For this purpose, either at least four imbalances with mutually adjustable phase positions or imbalances with adjustable eccentricity of the center of gravity are provided. With the adjustable impact force, the oscillation of the lifting unit 10 can be adapted to optimized specifications without delays.

To lift the track grate 8, the lifting assembly 10 includes holding rollers 17, which hold the rail heads in use and can be rolled off along the rails 7. Flange wheels and rollers arranged on roller tongs are used as holding rollers 17. The flanged wheels are by means of

Telescopic axes pressed against the inner edges of the rails. The roller tongs encompass the rail heads from the outside.

By means of the holding rollers 17, all movements of the

Lifting unit 10 on the fixed track grate 8. To raise and lower the track grate 8, the lifting assembly 10 comprises lifting drives 18 which are connected to the machine frame 2 and laterally

Can perform pendulum movements. This will make the horizontal

Vibration of the lifting unit 10 is not transmitted to the machine frame 2.

It makes sense that the lifting unit 10 also fulfills the function of

Track straightening. The track 4 is laterally brought into the desired position. The required directional drives 19 cause a lateral displacement of the lifting unit 10 relative to the actuation

Machine frame 2. In a straightening process, there is thus a lateral force transmission between the lifting unit 10 and the machine frame 2. In order to avoid a disturbing transmission of vibrations to the machine frame 2 To avoid this, the vibration exciter Ί6 is deactivated during track straightening. It is also sufficient to reduce the impact by adjusting the vibration-producing imbalance.

[22] The lifting unit Ί0 is controlled by a control device 20. In this control device 20 there is a control process for the

Lifting unit set up eingerichtet0. When the process is activated, the one set in vibration is raised at least in one process phase

Lifting unit Ί0 over a target position of the track 4. The current position of the track grate 8 during the lifting process is compared with the target position using the measuring system Ί2.

[23] Figures 2 and 3 show further advantageous versions of a

Track construction machine 1, by means of which the method according to the invention can be carried out in an optimized manner. In Fig. 2, a stabilizing unit 2Ί is arranged in the working direction 9 behind the lifting unit Ί0. This means that the track is continuously processed. After raising the track using the

Lifting unit Ί0 the track 4 is stabilized by means of the stabilizing unit 2Ί.

[24] The track construction machine Ί in Fig. 3 is working continuously

Tamping machine trained. The machine Ί moves continuously along the track 4. A satellite 22 with the lifting unit Ί0 and the tamping unit ΊΊ is cyclically moved forwards and backwards in relation to the machine frame 2 in order to position the tamping unit ΊΊ above the respective threshold 6 for the tamping process.

[25] The mode of operation of the lifting unit Ί0 is explained with the aid of the further FIGS. 4-7. At the beginning, the track grate 8 is covered with ballast 5 (Fig. 4). For example, with a ballast plow, ballast 5 of one

Slope slope shifted in the direction of the rails 7. During one

The machine grate 8 is raised by means of the oscillating lifting unit Ί0, which leads to a transfer of the

Vibrations on the gravel 5 comes. From an oscillation frequency of approx. 30 Hz, the ballast 5 set in vibration exhibits a behavior similar to that of a flowing medium. That is why the cavities that develop during form the lifting process under the sleepers 6, immediately filled with moving gravel grains (Fig. 5).

[26] A subsequent downward movement of the still vibrating

offset lifting unit Ί0 causes the ballast 5 moved under the sleepers 6 to be compressed (FIG. 6). Compared to a conventional one

Stabilization unit 2Ί a lower impact is sufficient. in the

Vibration exciters Ί6 are therefore smaller imbalances than with a stabilization unit 2Ί. Both during the lifting process and during the downward movement, an oscillation frequency in a range from 35 Hz to 50 Hz is optimal.

The invention extends to several working methods with and without

Stuffing unit 11. When using the lifting unit 10 as a lifting-straightening unit during a tamping process, the following process steps are used. At the start of work, the lifting unit 10 is lowered onto the track 4. The flanged wheels are moved using telescopic axes

pressed apart and the roller tongs pressed onto the rails 7.

Thereafter, the vibration exciter 16 is activated and the lifting unit 10 and the fixed track grille 8 begin to vibrate. The lifting unit 10 is initially held in position by the measuring system 12 in order to avoid an unwanted lowering of the track 4.

[28] During a right of way with the track-laying machine 1, the lifting unit 10 with the fixed track grating 8 is raised several times and lowered in between. This pulsating lifting process is carried out by means of the lifting drives 18, with the measuring system 12 continuously comparing the instantaneous track position with a predetermined target track position

is carried out.

7 shows a change in level (solid line c) of the track grating 8 during a lifting process in the vertical direction z over time t. During the duration d of a lifting process, the track grating 8 is to be raised from a starting position a with a lifting rating h to a predetermined target level b. The target level b corresponds to the target position of the track 4 in the vertical direction z. With the further forward movement of the Machine 1, the lifting unit Ί0 follows the track grating and starting from the starting position a, a new lifting process begins.

[30] In the present example, the track elevation is divided into three sections. In each section, the track grille 8 is first raised over a virtual linear track lift (dashed line e). For example, a corresponding overshoot value is stored in the control device 20. The aim of this overhaul is to bring sufficient ballast under the raised sleepers 6. It is advantageous if the extent of the overhang can be adjusted in order to adapt to the nature of the ballast and the desired overall lift.

[31] The lifting process is interrupted in each section by lowering the vibrating lifting unit 10. In the first sections, the level corresponding to a linear track lifting (dashed line e) can be provided. This increases the intermediate compression of the ballast 5 and increases the fillable cavities in the

subsequent track lifting. A load can be set via the lifting drives 18, with which the lifting unit 10 presses on the track grating 8 during a lowering phase. Load, impact force and vibration frequency of the

Lifting unit 10 and the lowering period determine the compaction of the ballast 5 under the sleepers. Adjusting these parameters leads to an optimization of the respective compaction process depending on the quality of the ballast.

[32] At least in the last section of the lifting process, the track grating 8 is raised above the target level b with a final lowering to the target position. This is done by means of continuous adjustment using the measuring system 12. In the simplest case, a straight line is specified as the target position for each rail in order to compensate for relative track position errors. An improved track position correction is made by specifying an absolute target position. For this purpose, the actual position is measured with respect to predetermined fixed points before the track is machined. Building on this, below

Taking into account various requirements and framework conditions, the optimal target position is derived. [33] During the actual tamping process, the lifting unit Ί0 holds the track grate 8 in the position specified by the measuring system Ί2. The already pre-compacted ballast 5 can be brought under the sleepers 6 more efficiently by means of the tamping unit ΊΊ and further compacted there. Due to the pre-compression of the ballast 5 are compared to one

conventional tamping process requires fewer tamping cycles to achieve a given degree of compression. In addition, the combined compaction processes using the lifting unit Ί0 and the tamping unit ΊΊ lead to improved compaction results.

[34] With the present invention, in particular in the case of new track locations or after ballast cleaning, it is possible to raise the track without using a tamping unit greg. This variant of the method offers itself

Ballast cleaning machines and track renewal machines. A comparison with the target position is also carried out here using the systems2 measuring system.

[35] The lifting unit Ί0 is lowered onto track 4 at the start of work. The lifting unit Ί0 connects to the track grate 8 via the holding rollers Ί7.

The activated vibration exciter Ί6 sets the lifting unit Ί0 and the track grating 8 in vibration, whereby an undesired sinking is avoided via the measuring system Ί2. As soon as the track-laying machine Ί moves in working direction 9, the lifting unit Ί0 begins with a pulsating lifting and lowering movement. As described above, the lifting process is interrupted by lowering phases. The result is a process in which lifting phases alternate with lowering phases.

During the lifting phases, the resulting cavities under the sleepers 6 are filled with gravel 5. This causes the track grate 8 to be raised. In the lowering phases, the ballast 5 that has come under the sleepers 6 is compacted. In this way, the track 4 is raised to the desired position by means of the measuring system Ί2.

[36] The pulsating lifting and lowering movement can be adapted to the type of ballast and the desired lifting. The relevant parameters such as lifting force, impact force, vibration frequency and load are set by an operator. Presettings for these parameters can also be stored in the control device 20. [37] Track 4 can also be straightened. For example, the oscillation of the lifting unit 10 is suspended every 1.5 to 2 meters in order to carry out a lateral displacement of the track grating 8 by means of the directional drives 19.

[38] A stabilizing unit 21 is used in a subsequent operation. For this purpose, several units 10, 21 can be arranged on one machine 1, as shown in FIG. 2. Conveniently it is

Stabilization unit 21 can be operated with an adjustable impact force. Then the impact force of the stabilizing unit 21 is controlled via the measuring system 12 so that any longitudinal height errors are smoothed out. Such

In exceptional cases, longitudinal height errors result from the pulsating lifting-lowering movement of the lifting unit 10

Stabilization unit 21 of the ballast 5 is further compressed, resulting in an even higher track quality.

With the described method, a layer-by-layer compaction of the ballast 5 and a restoration of the track geometry for driving releases up to a certain speed can be carried out even without the use of a tamping unit 11. If necessary, a finishing operation is carried out using a tamping machine.

Claims

Ί. Process for processing a ballast track (4) by means of a

Track construction machine (1), which a lifting unit (10) with holding rollers (17) for

Holding a track grate (8) formed from rails (7) and sleepers (6) and with lifting drives (18) for lifting the track grate (8) and a measuring system (12) for matching with a desired position of the track (4), wherein the lifting unit (10) is set in vibration by means of a vibration exciter (16) and the vibration is transmitted to the track grate (8), so that the

Lifting unit (10) is controlled by means of a control device (20) in such a way that the lifting unit (10) vibrates during a lifting operation and the track grate (8) is first raised above the desired position and then lowered to the desired position .

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the lifting process is interrupted at least once by a lowering of the oscillating lifting unit (10).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lifting unit (10) comprises directional drives (19), by means of which the track grate (8) is directed and that the vibration of the lifting unit (10) is reduced during a leveling process.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that ballast (5) on the track grate (8) in a previous operation.

is applied.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that new or cleaned ballast (5) is applied to the track grate (8).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that sleepers (6) of the track grate (8) are stuffed in a subsequent operation by means of a tamping unit (11).

7. Track construction machine (Ί) for processing a ballast track (4), comprising a lifting unit (10) with holding rollers (17) for holding a track grate (8) and with lifting drives (18) for lifting the track grate (8) and a measuring system (12 ) for comparison with a target position of the track (4), the lifting unit (10) being coupled to a vibration exciter (16), characterized in that a control device (20) is arranged which is used to control the lifting unit (10) is set up according to a method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. Track construction machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the vibration exciter (16) comprises an adjusting device for setting an impact force acting on the track grate (8) from the lifting unit (10).

9. Track construction machine (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a tamping unit (11) is arranged on a machine frame (2) or a satellite frame with respect to a working direction (9) behind the lifting unit (10).

10. Track construction machine (1) according to one of claims 7 to 9, dadu rch

characterized in that a stabilizing unit (21) is arranged behind the lifting unit (10) with respect to a working direction (9).