Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
  • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
  • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
  • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
  • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/12—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current
  • H03K17/122—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current in field-effect transistor switches
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
  • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
  • H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
  • B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
  • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an arrangement for switching a
• High-voltage battery in a vehicle a system with a high-voltage battery, a switching arrangement and a consumer circuit and a vehicle having such an arrangement or such a system.
• the invention further relates to a method for connecting and a method for disconnecting a battery.
• switching a battery ie switching a battery on or off, is used here to connect or disconnect the battery with a
• connecting or disconnecting the battery means connecting or disconnecting to a consumer circuit.
• a consumer circuit has, for example, an electric motor,
• Control circuits, voltage converters and other consumers in the vehicle typically has capacitors and inductors.
• High-voltage batteries in vehicles are usually mechanically or
• Electromechanically separated via switches or connected to the consumer circuit are located on both the positive and negative poles of the battery. Typically relays are used as switches. Since a connection without a sense of direction is established by a relay, the
• Circuit on the positive pole two paths with one switch each.
• One path is used for pre-charging the capacities of the subsequent circuit, while the other is intended for the period after the pre-charging.
• a total of three relays are therefore necessary; one for the precharge path and one for the interconnection path at the positive pole and one at the negative pole.
• the connections are bidirectional, which means that the current can flow either to the battery or away from the battery and to the consumer circuit in each path.
• the precharge circuit is used to limit the inrush current that occurs, for example, in the case of high-capacity consumers when a high voltage is applied.
• a resistor is used for this purpose, which is arranged in the precharge path. As soon as the capacities are loaded, the other path is switched without resistance, so that in the further course of time there are no losses and no heat at the resistor.
• relays are complex. Furthermore, relays are susceptible to wear and the precharge current cannot be regulated.
• the task is accomplished by a circuit arrangement, a system
• a circuit arrangement for switching a high-voltage battery has a
• Precharge circuit to connect to a first pole of the
• High-voltage battery and for precharging a consumer is set up, with a transistor for conducting a current from the battery to the consumer and a diode arranged antiparallel to the transistor for conducting a reverse current into the battery.
• This arrangement enables electronic switching, so that energy is transported from the battery to a consumer via the drain-source path of the transistor. Both turning on and that
• the diode enables a return flow of energy from the consumer circuit, that is, from the circuit connected to the circuit arrangement into the battery. Such a backflow can originate, for example, from a further battery in the connected circuit, from induction in the consumer circuit or from a charging process.
• the transistor is a silicon carbide MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) semiconductor (SiC-MOSFET) and the diode is integrated in the silicon carbide MOSFET semiconductor.
• SiC MOSFETs have a relatively high level of robustness and are also well suited for high switching frequencies. Furthermore, an SiC MOSFET has significantly lower power losses. Reduced power losses lead to higher efficiency and lower system costs and sizes due to lower cooling requirements.
• the transistor is configured to switch in a pulsed manner when the consumer is switched on during a precharging phase.
• the precharging phase can in particular be a phase in which the capacities of the consumer group are charged and continue until they are sufficiently charged. Sufficient here means that when the transistor is permanently switched on, which corresponds to a second phase, no impermissibly high currents flow.
• a phase in which the capacities of the consumer group are charged and continue until they are sufficiently charged Sufficient here means that when the transistor is permanently switched on, which corresponds to a second phase, no impermissibly high currents flow.
• Circuit arrangement for example, replace two paths, i.e. both the direct connection and the precharging path at the positive pole of the battery and additionally enables an energy flow to the battery. If an SiC-MOSFET with an integrated inverse diode is used, only one component is necessary for this. Furthermore, the good switching capability of SiC-MOSFETs is particularly advantageous for precharging in pulsed operation.
• the circuit arrangement has a switch which is set up for connection to a second pole of the high-voltage battery. The switch is implemented, for example, by a relay. In this way, the backflow of electricity can be prevented if necessary.
• a system for switching a high-voltage battery has a circuit arrangement as described above, a high-voltage battery, and a consumer circuit, the first pole of the high-voltage battery being connectable to the precharge circuit, and the precharge circuit being connectable to a positive line of the consumer circuit.
• the consumer group has capacitive properties.
• This aspect thus includes the circuit arrangement with the battery on the one circuit arrangement side and the consumer circuit on the other circuit arrangement side, the circuit arrangement representing the link between the battery and the consumer circuit.
• the circuit arrangement representing the link between the battery and the consumer circuit.
• Circuit arrangement connected to the positive pole of the battery on the one hand and the positive supply line of the consumer circuit.
• Circuitry takes into account in particular the capacitive properties of the consumer circuit through the precharge circuit.
• the second pole of the high-voltage battery in the system can be connected to a relay, and the relay can be connected to a negative line of the consumer circuit.
• the second pole can in particular be the negative pole of the battery, which can be connected to the negative line of the consumer circuit via the relay.
• This relay allows the circuit to be powered by the battery, i.e. the current flow from or to the battery can be disconnected.
• Switching through is understood here to mean that the transistor is switched on. The pulsed switching enables precharging in the first phase.
• the battery is connected to the consumer circuit via the conductive transistor.
• the first phase is complete when the consumer is approximately or fully charged.
• the purpose of the first phase, in which the current flows pulsed across the transistors, is that the battery and the electronic components, including the leads, pass through the
• the transistor is blocked, and a reverse current is conducted via the diode to the battery.
• a vehicle that has a switching arrangement described above.
• a vehicle can be, for example, an electric vehicle, a vehicle with a hybrid drive, a truck or a bus.
• the vehicles can still be catenary or rail-bound.
• vehicles are also understood to mean electrically powered boats or aircraft or flying machines.
• Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement for connecting and disconnecting a
• Fig. 2 shows a circuit arrangement and a system for connecting
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a method for connecting a high-voltage battery
• Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a method for separating a
• Fig. 5 shows a vehicle with a circuit arrangement or a system according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 1 shows a typical circuit arrangement for connecting and disconnecting a high-voltage battery 101.
• the circuit arrangement has three switches 102, 103, 104. To connect the battery, switch 104 on the negative pole and switch 102 on the positive pole are first closed. The battery 101 can then deliver current to the consumer circuit via the resistor 105, the capacitors of the consumer circuit being precharged by the resistor 105. After the precharging, the precharging branch 102, 105 is bridged by closing the switch 103. When the battery 101 is disconnected, the switch 103 is first opened. The reverse current can through the resistor 105 and
• Switches 102 and 104 are opened for final separation.
• the circuit arrangement has a non-electronic switch, e.g. a mechanical switch or relay 205 and an electronic switch, e.g. a transistor 203.
• the electronic switch 203 is integrated together with a diode 202 in a component, for example in an SiC MOSFET 204.
• a component for example in an SiC MOSFET 204.
• other high-performance transistors can also be used, e.g. IGBTs or suitable field effect transistor variants.
• the integrated diode 202 is e.g. a diode which, due to its forward direction, is opposite to the forward direction of the
• Transistor is also called an inverse diode or a "body diode”.
• the switch 205 can generally be closed, but it can be opened if necessary to completely disconnect the battery 201. If the battery 201 is connected, a pulse-shaped signal is applied to the gate of the transistor 203, so that the capacitances of the
• the effective current strength can be controlled by the pulse widths until the capacities are charged. It is therefore, for example It is possible to initially regulate the current strength by means of short pulses and to gradually extend the pulses up to a static signal, so that after the precharging phase the transistor is switched on permanently, ie when there is no more or only a little precharging current flowing.
• the current could also be controlled via an analog gate voltage. In this case, a drive circuit for the gate voltage is required, which the
• the transistor 203 is connected to the
• the reverse current can now flow to the battery 201 via the integrated diode 202.
• the battery 201 can also be mechanically separated via the switch 205. This can be used, for example, if no backflow of current into the battery is desired.
• the system for switching a high-voltage battery has a circuit arrangement with at least one precharge circuit 204, a high-voltage battery 201 and a consumer circuit 206 with capacitive ones
• the circuit arrangement can furthermore have the switch 205.
• FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a method for connecting a
• High-voltage battery according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the method is carried out with the arrangement described in FIG. 2.
• the transistor 203 is switched in a pulsed manner.
• transistor 203 In this phase, the capacities of the consumer group are preloaded.
• transistor 203 In a second phase 302 during connection, transistor 203
• Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a method for separating a
• High-voltage battery 201 according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the method is carried out with the arrangement described in FIG. 2.
• the transistor 203 is only blocked in 401.
• the backflow can flow through diode 202 to the battery.
• the advantage of the arrangement is particularly clear here, since no further switching or no further
• FIG. 5 shows a vehicle 500 according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Vehicle 500 has a battery 501 and a circuit 502, which corresponds to the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2 and contains a transistor 203 with a diode 202 described above.
• the circuit arrangement further includes a mechanical or electromechanical switch, such as e.g. a relay 205.
• the high-voltage battery 201 can be located in a suitable position in the vehicle, e.g. near the front axle or the rear axle.
• the circuit arrangement is preferably in the vicinity of the battery, so that the lines carrying potential at the poles of the battery are short.
• the circuit can also be arranged remotely from the battery.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=68808385

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2018
  • 2018-12-11 DE DE102018221426.3A patent/DE102018221426A1/de active Pending
• 2019
  • 2019-12-06 CN CN201980081879.8A patent/CN113169570A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-12-06 WO PCT/EP2019/083958 patent/WO2020120308A1/de unknown
  • 2019-12-06 US US17/312,300 patent/US20220029442A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-12-06 EP EP19816665.4A patent/EP3895275A1/de active Pending

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