EP3891461A1 - Dispositif de protection balistique - Google Patents
Dispositif de protection balistiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3891461A1 EP3891461A1 EP19820825.8A EP19820825A EP3891461A1 EP 3891461 A1 EP3891461 A1 EP 3891461A1 EP 19820825 A EP19820825 A EP 19820825A EP 3891461 A1 EP3891461 A1 EP 3891461A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ballistic
- ballistic protection
- lights
- perforated plates
- protection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/023—Armour plate, or auxiliary armour plate mounted at a distance of the main armour plate, having cavities at its outer impact surface, or holes, for deflecting the projectile
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
- F41H5/045—Layered armour containing metal all the layers being metal layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
- F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of ballistic protection intended in particular to stop kinetic energy projectiles, and in particular piercing projectiles.
- the invention relates more particularly to ballistic protection or ballistic overprotection intended to be mounted on the outside side away from a basic ballistic protection structure, in particular provided on an armored vehicle.
- the ballistic protections must jointly deflect, stop and / or break under-calibrated type projectiles and deflect and / or brake artillery shrapnel type projectiles.
- the technical protection solutions currently available on the market are either made up of several layers of ballistic material generally separated with an air layer, also known as the "air gap", which leads to a high protective surface mass, or made up of external shielding made of very hard materials in the form of attached panels made up, among other things, of a multitude of ceramic tiles generally assembled on a composite support, which leads to mechanical fragility of the protection, and to a very high surface cost since each panel must be custom made and the materials used are very Dear.
- ceramic tiles Due to the materials and processes used for their manufacture, ceramic tiles generally have sizes that do not allow, for example, to cover the entire face of a vehicle with a single module. Thus, a ballistic weakness also exists at the edge junction of each of these unit modules and these shielding devices, in addition to being expensive and inconvenient, ultimately offer unsatisfactory ballistic protection.
- This shielding device is however not satisfactory in particular in that two successive shielding plates are in contact with one another or glued to each other, which allows propagation from one plate to another for the wave of shock which strikes the first plate touched by a projectile. Such a shock wave is then liable to damage the entire shielding device and its fixing points.
- the inclined passage through the slots of the plates is disadvantageous in that it is capable of creating a guide channel for the passage of under-calibrated type projectiles through the shielding device.
- the object of the present invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a new ballistic protection device capable of stopping the aforementioned type of projectiles, while responding to many technical, economic and ecological constraints.
- Other objects of the present invention also relate to a ballistic protection device advantageously having a protective surface mass as light as possible so as not to unnecessarily weigh down the vehicle, a surface cost as low as possible and a modularity of protection against different threat.
- Additional objects of the present invention also target a ballistic protection device which is easy and quick to produce, having good impact and drop resistance, allowing a rapid and optimized custom design, allowing simple and rapid repair by user after damage, can be shaped or folded, insensitive to environmental conditions, having good durability of its ballistic performance over time, not containing toxic or controversial substances, can be recycled, and can be manufactured in a wide range of materials.
- Other objects of the present invention are also aimed at a ballistic protection device that can be custom-made, which makes it possible to size and conform it according to the structure to be protected, in the form of a ballistic protection device. whose three-dimensional shape is adapted to that of the structure to be protected while having as few ballistic weaknesses as possible.
- a ballistic protection characterized in that it comprises at least two perforated plates each having lights of width 1 and length L, in that:
- At least two successive perforated plates are at a distance from each other, this distance being strictly less than 15 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, and more preferably less than 5 mm;
- each of the openings of at least two successive perforated plates has a length L which is at least six times greater than their width 1, and more preferably twelve times greater than their width 1;
- the lights of the same perforated plate are distributed in several aligned light lines, the general longitudinal orientation of these aligned light lines being parallel; and • a material bridge is present between two successive lumens of the same line, the material bridges of two successive lines of aligned lumens not being aligned in the width direction 1 of the lumens.
- perforated plates advantageously makes it possible to destabilize and / or break a projectile on approach and advantageously provides a reduced areal mass compared to other protection solutions using similar materials of comparable cost.
- the sub-calibrated projectiles are very likely to touch the rim of a light, which breaks them and / or deflects them, as illustrated in FIGS. 20a, 20b and 20c.
- ballistic protection has good multi-impact performance thanks to a very small surface degraded by the impacts of piercing projectiles and a good multi-caliber performance effectively curbing the impact of high kinetic energy penetrating or non-piercing projectiles.
- the dimensional ratio existing between the length and the width of the lights tends to maximize the rim effect, in particular for superimposed plates, on long lengths in order to destabilize and break the smallest projectiles - namely projectiles whose caliber effective is potentially less than or equal to the width of the lights, while providing sufficient resistance for the perforated plates to stop or brake the largest projectiles - namely projectiles whose caliber is greater than the width of the lights.
- the ballistic protection forms a kind of grid which not only offers a very high surface area of light flange, but which is also likely to break locally in case impact of an artillery shrapnel type projectile.
- the rupture takes place at the level of the material bridges which are present between two successive openings of the same line of aligned openings and / or at the level of the strips of material present between each of the aligned openings of openings. This rupture absorbs a large amount of kinetic energy from the projectile.
- the rupture strips of material from the perforated plates of the ballistic protection is also accompanied by a deformation of said strips of material, which not only makes it possible to absorb a large amount of kinetic energy coming from the projectile, but also brakes the projectile by the support of the strips of material on the projectile for the strips of material deformed along the direction of movement of said projectile.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention has excellent fire resistance.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention is insensitive to environmental conditions such as high heat and / or high humidity, and also constitutes an external thermal screen limiting the effect of solar radiation on the bodywork. protected. Its durability is exceptional and guaranteed maintenance of ballistic performance over time, linked only to corrosion protection, unlike other protection solutions using composite materials.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention is simple and quick to repair by the user by straightening, and if necessary by the possible addition of bolted and / or welded patches.
- the successive superimposed perforated plates are however very close to one another, which advantageously reinforces the edge effect and prevents a very small caliber projectile from passing through the lights of the ballistic protection without encountering an obstacle.
- the purpose of the superimposition and the offset of the lights of the perforated plates is to create these rim effects so that projectiles of the sub-calibrated type, when they penetrate a light, must collide with the rim of at least one light, which destabilizes and / or breaks them.
- the possible space between two successive perforated plates is preferably not filled with any material, since it would have no role of ballistic protection relevant to the invention and would only result in increasing manufacturing costs, to complicate the manufacturing process, propagate impact shock waves and unnecessarily increase the mass of the shield. Only a thin blackout film may possibly be provided on one side of one of the perforated plates for aesthetic reasons and more psychological comfort for the user who does not perceive a "hole" in his protection.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention offers a great modularity of the protection, allowing the removal or the addition of a perforated plate to adapt it effectively and simply to different levels of threat.
- the dimensions of the ballistic protection according to the invention depend only on the dimensions of the metal plates and of the cutting machines used for its manufacture, so the ballistic protection according to the invention can be produced with very large dimensions, in particular impossible to achieve with a ceramic solution.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention can advantageously be shaped and folded for example in order to follow the contours of a bodywork or to reinforce the level of protection against higher threats by presenting for example alternating angles of incidence.
- the ballistic protection of the invention can be made to order. It can thus be dimensioned and conform as a function of the structure to be protected, in the form of a ballistic protection device whose three-dimensional shape is adapted to that of the structure to be protected while presenting the least possible ballistic weaknesses.
- Ballistic protection can be produced easily and quickly, allowing the use of standard cutting machines commonly used in the metallurgical industry. Its manufacture is simple and quick, unlike previous solutions which require a long and complex manufacturing process as is the case with ceramic panels. Likewise, its manufacture generally does not require heat treatment, for example of the quenching type, after cutting the lights, unlike many existing industrial solutions for obtaining perforations. Formed from perforated plates which can be cut simply and quickly by cutting machines which are simple to implement, adaptable and inexpensive, for example from a digital file quick to modify according to the desired ballistic protection, ballistic protection according to the invention is easy to evolve, unlike previous solutions which would require for example to create new molds and to evolve expensive and complex processes.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention allows an optimized custom design, quick to design and manufacture.
- the density of edge length of the lights per square meter of surface for a perforated plate is between 100 and 200 m / m 2 , preferably between 120 and 180 m / m 2 and more preferably between 150 and 170 m / m 2 .
- This surface density range of edge lengths of the lights advantageously makes it possible to increase the chances that a projectile penetrates into a light and is affected by a rim effect, while minimizing the mechanical resistance to the impacts of the perforated plates as little as possible. .
- At least two successive perforated plates are mutually offset both in the direction of the width and in the direction of the length of the lights.
- the offset of the perforated plates in both directions advantageously makes it possible to benefit from a rim effect in both directions also.
- the material bridge located between the lights of the same line is located between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the lights of the preceding and following light lines and preferably substantially mid-length of the lights of the previous and next light lines.
- the material bridge located between the openings of the same line has a length p considered along the longitudinal axis of the openings such that 0.5 x 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 3 x 1, preferably such as 0.7 x 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 2 x 1 and more preferably such as 0.9 x 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 1.5 x 1.
- the strip of material present between each of the parallel lines of aligned lights has a width b such that 0.5 x 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 3 x 1, preferably such as 0.7 x 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 2 x 1 and more preferably such as 0.9 x 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.5 x 1.
- At least two successive perforated plates are mutually offset so that the solid part of a perforated plate covers at least one fifth and at most half of the surface of the lights of the next perforated plate.
- This offset of the perforated plates provides an effective rim effect to both destabilize and break the perforating projectiles. It also makes it possible to avoid creating a direct passage through the openings of two successive perforated plates for a projectile whose diameter is less than the width of the openings.
- the perforated structure formed by the lights is identical for at least two successive perforated plates.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention can be manufactured from identical plates, which simplifies manufacture and reduces costs.
- the lights are oblong.
- This shape makes it possible to easily create edge effects by shifting the perforated plates, without reducing the mechanical resistance of said plates excessively.
- At least two successive perforated plates are corrugated or accordion-folded plates.
- a protection thus conformed advantageously makes it possible to present to the projectile both multiple faces whose orientation is optimized to constitute a protective envelope and an angle of incidence promoting the effectiveness of the protection.
- At least two successive perforated plates are in one piece. It is thus possible to manufacture two successive perforated plates by folding a plate, by removing material or by adding material.
- At least two perforated plates are made of steel, preferably of ballistic class, having a Brinell hardness of at least 500 HB, preferably of at least 600 HB and more preferably of '' at least 650 HB.
- the ballistic protection of the invention thus advantageously has a low cost, in particular by the main use of rolled steel of ballistic class sold in the form of sheets, compared to other protection solutions using several types of materials, some of which are very expensive.
- Ballistic class steel has a very satisfactory hardness for protection, while advantageously offering a certain resilience allowing the effects of rupture and deformation of the strips of material of the perforated plates previously described.
- This type of steel also has excellent impact and fall resilience in the event of voluntary or involuntary mechanical attack or collision, which ensures satisfactory maintenance of the level of ballistic protection on the ground.
- the ballistic protection according to the invention advantageously does not include any synthetic product which may contain controversial substances.
- the elements constituting the ballistic protection according to the invention are advantageously easy to recycle after deterioration or at the end of life after withdrawal from service.
- a ballistic protection comprising two successive perforated plates at a distance from each other has a total thickness of between 2 and 100 mm, preferably between 5 and 30 mm and more preferably between 8 and 15 mm.
- the ballistic protection comprises at least three perforated plates and at least the first and the third perforated plates are arranged so that their lights overlap.
- the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of ballistic overprotection intended to be mounted on the outside side away from a basic ballistic protection structure in particular provided on an armored vehicle, said ballistic overprotection being characterized in that it comprises at least one ballistic protection as previously described.
- ballistic protection can be used as a basic ballistic protection structure, it can also serve as additional ballistic protection - or ballistic overprotection - by combining it with a basic ballistic protection structure, which can even be a ballistic protection such as that of the invention or another type of ballistic protection.
- the ballistic overprotection according to the invention aims to filter the projectiles while the basic ballistic protection structure aims to stop the projectiles that have been destabilized, braked and / or broken by ballistic overprotection .
- destabilized is meant the fact that the projectile is deviated from its initial trajectory and / or that its orientation is modified, that is to say that it no longer moves in the axis of its initial trajectory or that the he longitudinal axis of his body is no longer oriented in the same direction as initially.
- Ballistic protection and ballistic overprotection according to the invention are more specifically intended for sub-calibrated projectiles comprising a penetrator, generally a tungsten carbide arrow, and which are intended to easily pass through the basic ballistic protection structure.
- a preferred object of the invention is to have a STANAG 4569 level 3 protection solution aimed at stopping sub-calibrated tungsten carbide projectiles type AP8 / M993 at 950 m / sec as well as 20 mm FSP projectiles at 790 m / sec.
- the dimensions of the apertures of the perforated plates according to the invention are preferably provided so that the width of the free passage window formed between two successive perforated plates is less than or equal to the diameter of the penetrator of the projectile which it is desired to oppose.
- the penetrator During the impact of the projectile against ballistic overprotection according to the invention, the penetrator necessarily meets the edge of a light.
- the mechanical force undergone by the penetrator is different from the initial axis of movement of the projectile, which destabilizes the projectile and makes it change its trajectory or makes it undergo a destructive asymmetric stress, which breaks it. In both cases the penetrator loses a large amount of its initial kinetic energy and its efficiency and is then easily stopped by the basic ballistic protection structure.
- the rim effect described above is much more effective in the case of the superposition of two perforated plates having offset lights forming a rim effect.
- the superposition of two perforated plates makes it possible to mutually reinforce their mechanical strength in order to compensate the weakening generated by the presence of lights.
- ballistic protection and ballistic overprotection according to the invention also aim to resist artillery shrapnel, and must therefore have a mechanical resistance to impacts adapted to this type of projectiles.
- the at least two perforated plates are preferably close to each other, but without being in contact, and that their lights have an optimized shape and surface density so as to represent a density d highest light edges possible.
- the invention must be clearly distinguished from ballistic protection devices comprising metal plates of thickness and hardness studied to stop the projectiles and not to destabilize and / or break them.
- These metal plates may have perforations, generally round, which are intended to lighten the shielding, without seeking a rim effect, which moreover creates ballistic gaps which reduce the effectiveness of the protection provided. Multiplying this type of ballistic protection device would only aim to reduce the reduction in the effectiveness of the protection provided, which would however increase the cost and weight of the overall armor.
- a ballistic protection device for an external wall of a structure, in particular an armored vehicle, said ballistic protection device being characterized in that it comprises a basic ballistic protection structure and a ballistic overprotection as described above, said ballistic overprotection being provided at a distance and generally parallel to the mean plane of the basic ballistic protection structure.
- the ballistic protection device according to the invention has no geometric constraint of the flatness type of the surface to be protected and it allows to free small reliefs generally existing on the main bodies.
- the ballistic overprotection is provided at a distance of at least 1 cm from the basic ballistic protection structure, preferably at a distance of at least 4 cm and more preferably at a distance of at least 6 cm.
- This distance advantageously allows the projectiles to break or destabilize before impacting the basic ballistic protection structure.
- the ballistic overprotection is removably attached to the protective structure basic ballistics, which allows in particular to facilitate its maintenance or its replacement, to replace it by another ballistic overprotection to modify the level of performance of the protection and / or to modify the thickness of the air layer.
- the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a method of manufacturing ballistic protection or ballistic overprotection as described above, characterized in that at least two successive perforated plates are manufactured by thermal cutting, preferably by laser cutting.
- the applicant has surprisingly discovered that the laser cutting technique does not weaken ballistic steel, and that not only the modification of hardness of the perforated plates by laser cutting is not u problem vis-à-vis artillery shrapnel type projectiles, but that in addition the edges of the cut lights maintain a surprisingly satisfactory mechanical strength for the rim effect they must produce against sub-calibrated projectiles.
- the manufacturing method comprises a step of spatial conformation of ballistic protection or ballistic overprotection into at least one structural element of the structure that said ballistic protection or overprotection must protect , including an armored vehicle.
- the manufacturing process comprises a step of spatial conformation of a ballistic protection or a ballistic overprotection to constitute at least partially a mechanical support or support for the structure that said ballistic protection or overprotection must protect, in particular an armored vehicle.
- the manufacturing process of the invention makes it possible to manufacture the perforated plates to order, and thus advantageously makes it possible to manufacture ballistic protections of large surface area, the spatial shape and the cuts of which are optimized as a function of the structure to be protected.
- This cutting technique advantageously makes it possible to quickly and easily cut the lights in a plate, whether before or after its spatial conformation, that is to say before or after its folding, bending, etc.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a ballistic protection device according to the invention shown in the dissociated state
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of a ballistic protection device according to the invention shown in the assembled state
- Figure 3 is a front plan view of the ballistic protection device of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a vehicle door equipped with a ballistic protection device according to the invention shown in the dissociated state
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of a vehicle door equipped with a ballistic protection device according to the invention shown in the assembled state
- Figure 6 is a detailed plan view of a ballistic protection or overprotection according to the invention, wherein the perforated plates are mutually offset only in the direction of the width of the lights;
- FIG. 7 is a detailed plan view of a ballistic protection or overprotection according to the invention, in which the perforated plates are mutually offset both in the width direction and in the length direction of the lights.
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of a ballistic protection or overprotection according to the invention shown in the dissociated state, in which two perforated plates are folded in accordion fashion according to a first folding variant;
- Figure 9 is a perspective view of the two perforated plates of Figure 8 shown very close to each other;
- Figure 10 is a side view of the two perforated plates of Figure 9;
- Figure 11 is a perspective view of protection or ballistic protection or overprotection according to the invention shown in the dissociated state, in which two perforated plates are folded in accordion according to a second variant of folding ;
- Figure 12 is a perspective view of the two perforated plates of Figure 11 shown very close to each other;
- Figure 13 is a side view of the two perforated plates of Figure 12;
- Figures 14 to 19 are plan detail views illustrating different possible shapes for the lights of a perforated plate according to the invention.
- Figures 20a to 20c are sectional side views along a sectional axis transverse to the lines of light illustrating how a projectile of under calibrated type is broken and deflected by an edge effect of a ballistic protection or overprotection according to the invention
- FIGS. 21a and 21b are sectional side views along a cutting axis parallel to the lines of light illustrating how a projectile of artillery burst type is slowed down by the deformation of strips of material of a protection or of a ballistic overprotection according to the invention along the direction of movement of said projectile;
- Figure 22 is a sectional profile view along a cutting axis transverse to the lines of light illustrating ballistic protection or overprotection comprising four successive perforated plates according to the invention; and • Figure 23 is a schematic front view of a cut plate according to the invention showing in an exaggerated manner the formation of microreliefs at the edges of the cut lights (7).
- the ballistic protection (1) according to the invention is provided, for example, to serve as a basic ballistic protection structure, or even as a bodywork or wall, for a structure to be protected (3).
- a ballistic protection device (23) consists of at least two ballistic protection structures, namely a basic ballistic protection structure (4) and ballistic overprotection (5), and is provided to protect the outer wall (2) of a structure to be protected (3).
- the structure to be protected (3) is generally an armored vehicle, but the invention can also be provided to protect an intervention vehicle, a civil protection vehicle or an armored van. Likewise, the structure to be protected
- (3) is not necessarily a vehicle, but can also be a building, machine or container.
- the basic ballistic protection structure (4) generally made of metal or composite materials, by its hardness or by its thickness, has an ability to provide a basic ballistic protection structure (4).
- a basic ballistic protection structure (4) In the case of a protected vehicle, it may be an armored part of the body.
- the structure to be protected (3) can constitute a basic ballistic protection structure
- the ballistic overprotection (5) is provided at a distance and generally parallel to the mean plane of the basic ballistic protection structure (4). It is intended to reinforce the level of protection of the basic ballistic protection structure (4) in particular by "filtering" ballistic attacks, for example by destabilizing and breaking projectiles.
- the ballistic overprotection (5) is preferably removable and maintained by fixing means (21), for example screws (22), which are taken up on the basic ballistic protection structure (4). It can also be implemented independently or integrated by welding within a mechanically welded structure with an independent ballistic protection capacity.
- Ballistic overprotection (5) is provided at a distance of at least 1 cm from the basic ballistic protection structure (4), preferably at a distance of at least 4 cm and more preferably at a distance of at least 6 cm.
- the ballistic protection (1) and the ballistic overprotection (5) according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise at least two perforated plates (6), each presenting lights (7), that is to say through cuts.
- These lights (7) preferably oblong, have a length which is at least six times greater than their width (1), and preferably twelve times their width (1).
- the width (1) is identical for all the lights (7) of the same perforated plate (6).
- the dimensions given here and in the rest of this description relate to an ideal ballistic protection device (23). It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that at the edges of the perforated plates (6), in areas of reduced dimensions following cuts made in the perforated plates (6), these dimensions may differ locally. These areas in which the dimensions differ are generally areas of ballistic fragility, which are inevitable in the field of ballistic protection devices, but which represent less than 10% of the total area of the ballistic protection device (23) according to the invention .
- the oblong shape is preferred for reasons of simplicity of manufacture, but other shapes are possible.
- Examples of alternative shapes for the lights (7) are given in Figures 14 to 19.
- the lights (7) can for example be rectangular (Figure 14), chevron-shaped (Figure 15) or shaped waves ( Figures 16 to 17).
- the lights (7) can have different shapes within the same perforated plate (6) ( Figures 17 and 18).
- the lights (7) are not triangular, square or circular.
- the openings (7) are preferably identical and distributed evenly, at least for the parts of the structure to be protected (3) which do not have any technical specificities. It is however possible to provide lights (7) of different shapes, or with a more or less dense distribution, in order to locally adapt a perforated plate (6), for example to a specific type of ballistic threat existing only on a given direction.
- the lights (7) can be oriented horizontally or vertically, see at any angle. Within a single plate, the lights (7) may not all be oriented in the same direction, which in particular makes it possible to adapt them to the spatial conformation of the perforated plates (6), to the surface available for the lights ( 7) and / or in the direction of the projectiles liable to strike the perforated plates (6). It is the same for the dimensions of the lights (7), which can also be adapted to the type of projectiles liable to strike the perforated plates (6).
- the apertures (7) of the perforated plates (6) can be chamfered, at least on the outside, which makes it possible to impose an orientation of these relative to the angle of attack of a specific threat.
- the perforated structure formed by the lights (7) is preferably identical for at least two perforated plates (6), and more preferably for all the perforated plates (6) of ballistic overprotection (5) according to the invention.
- oblong shaped lights (7) may have a length (L) of 60 mm and a width (1) of 5 mm for projectiles in tungsten carbide under calibrated type AP8 / M993 at 950 m / sec.
- the lights (7) each have a width (1) of between 3 and 12 mm and preferably between 5 and 8 mm.
- the lights (7) each have a length (L) greater than or equal to 18 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 36 mm and more preferably included between 60 and 100 mm.
- the length (L) of a light (7) is its dimension considered along the longitudinal axis in which extend said light (7), while its width (1) is its dimension considered in the direction perpendicular to the axis longitudinal in which extend said light (7).
- the lights (7) of the same perforated plate (6) are distributed in several rows of lights (7) aligned.
- the surface of the lights (7) has between 35% and 70%, preferably between 40% and 60%, and preferably between 45% and 50% of the overall surface of said perforated plate (6).
- the area of the perforated plates (6) having no lights (7) is designated as a solid part (8).
- This solid part (8) comprises the material bridges (24) located between two successive slots (7) of the same line, and the strips of material (25) present between each of the parallel rows of aligned slots (7).
- the material bridges of two successive rows of aligned lights (7) are not aligned in the width direction (1) of the lights (7).
- the material bridge (24) located between two successive lights (7) of the same line is located between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the lights (7) of the light lines (7) previous and next and preferably substantially at mid-length of the lights (7) of the preceding and next light lines (7), as shown in FIGS. 1 to 16.
- the material bridge (24) located between the lights (7) of the same line has a length (p) when considered along the longitudinal axis of the lights (7) such that 0.5 x (1) ⁇ (p) ⁇ 3 x (1), preferably such as 0.7 x (1) ⁇ (p) ⁇ 2 x (1) and more preferably such as 0.9 x (1) ⁇ (p) ⁇ 1.5 x (1 ).
- the strip of material (25) present between each of the aligned parallel lines of lights (7) has a width (b) such that 0.5 x (1) ⁇ (b) ⁇ 3 x (1), preferably such that 0, 7 x (1) ⁇ (b) ⁇ 2 x (1) and more preferably such as 0.9 x (1) ⁇ (b) ⁇ 1.5 x (1).
- the aligned lines of lights (7) are preferably parallel.
- groups or parallel aligned lines of light zones (7) can coexist with different orientations, for example perpendicular, as can for example be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5 where, in their upper right corner, the perforated plates (6) have a group of lines of lights (7) aligned in vertical parallel, while all the other lines of lights (7) aligned in parallel are horizontal.
- the alternation of orientation may in particular be necessary when a perforated plate (6) has narrow areas, the aligned lines of light (7) then being preferably oriented in the direction of extension of said narrow areas. It is in fact avoided to create lines of lights (7) aligned perpendicular to the direction of extension of said narrow areas.
- the perforated plates (6) of the ballistic protection (1) or of the ballistic overprotection (5) are superimposed and parallel so that their respective lumens (7) are at least partially opposite one another, that is to say say that the solid part (8) of a perforated plate (6) partially covers the openings (7) of the next perforated plate (6).
- At least two successive perforated plates (6) are mutually offset linearly, but always taking care that the solid part (8) of a perforated plate (6) does not completely mask the openings (7) of the perforated plate (6 ) next successive.
- linear offset is meant that one plate is offset from another in the direction of the width and / or length (L) of the lights
- the perforated plates (6) are preferably mutually offset in the direction of the width of the openings (7) (see FIG. 6).
- the direction of the offset of a perforated plate (6) relative to the following perforated plate (6) can also be realized in the direction of the length of the lights (7) of so take advantage of a double offset in length (L) and in width (1) in order to benefit from a rim effect in both directions. So two perforated plates
- the solid part (8) of a perforated plate (6) covers at least one fifth and at most half of the surface of the apertures (7) of the perforated plate (6) next.
- the solid part (8) of a perforated plate (6) preferably covers at least one fifth and at least maximum half the width (1) of the lights (7) of the next perforated plate (6).
- the solid part (8) of a perforated plate (6) preferably covers at least one fifth and at most half the length (L) of the lights (7) of the next perforated plate (6).
- each perforated plate (6) according to the invention must have the most light
- each perforated plate (6) vis-à-vis the sub-calibrated type projectiles (26) also depends on the probability rate that a projectile of this type meets the edge of the edge of a light (7 ) to undergo an edge effect which will deflect and / or break said sub-calibrated type projectile (26).
- the distance separating two successive perforated plates (6) must be as small as possible, preferably strictly less than 15 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, and more preferably less than 5 mm.
- the density of light edge length (7) per square meter of surface for a perforated plate (6) is preferably between 100 and 200 m / m 2 , preferably between 120 and 180 m / m 2 and more preferably included between 150 and 170 m / m 2 .
- the density of edge length of the light (7) per square meter is ideally between 150 and 300 m / m 2 , preferably between 180 and 270 m / m 2 , and more preferably between 225 and 255 m / m 2 , which corresponds to approximately 50% more compared to a single perforated plate (6).
- the perforated plates (6) are made of a material having a Brinell hardness of at least 500 HB and more than at least 600 HB. Ideally, the perforated plates (6) are made of a material having a Brinell hardness of at least 650 HB, that is to say a Rockwell hardness of at least 65 HRC.
- the perforated plates (6) are preferably made of steel, more preferably of ballistic class steel. Other metals can be envisaged, in particular tungsten in the form of metal or carbide.
- the perforated plates (6) can also include non-metallic materials. Ballistic class steel remains preferred for its low cost, however.
- Two perforated plates (6) assembled have an overall thickness between 2 and 100 mm, preferably between 5 and 30 mm and more preferably between 8 and 15 mm, the thin layer of air present between said plates being within this thickness total.
- the perforated plates (6) of the same ballistic overprotection (5) can all have the same thickness, or on the contrary have different thicknesses, for example increasing towards the outside, which makes it possible to adapt the protection of ballistic overprotection (5), for example to a specific type of ballistic threat.
- Two successive perforated plates (6) can be formed in one piece. Indeed, at least two perforated plates (6) can be manufactured in one piece, for example by folding in half a large plate.
- Two successive perforated plates (6) can also be formed by an additive technology reconstituting layer by layer the lights (7) and their relative positioning, which advantageously makes it possible to use different materials for certain layers.
- Two perforated plates (6) can also be produced by subtraction of material, for example by milling or EDM, from a single piece of monobloc material. Two perforated plates (6) can also be manufactured or by any structural manufacturing process making it possible to obtain in one piece the desired rim effect.
- the materials used to manufacture the perforated plates (6) of the invention make it possible to fold said plates.
- This forming makes it possible in particular to adapt the ballistic overprotection (5) of the invention to the shape of the outer wall (2) of the structure to be protected (3).
- the ballistic overprotection (5) is formed at 90 ° in a rounded manner in its right part.
- This folding also allows the perforated plates (6) to be shaped so that their surface is not necessarily flat.
- angles and radii of folding, the number of folds, the dimensions and design of the perforated plates (6) depend on the volume available by nature limited by the width imposed by the highway code on an armored wheeled vehicle. This type of solution is more easily applied on heavy armored vehicles, usually tracked, overcoming the conventional width limits, in particular on an operating theater.
- the folding should not be carried out parallel to the lights (7) because the metal can refuse to follow the radius of the tool and the thin bridges of material located between two lights (7) are likely not to resist deformation .
- the local hardening of the perforated plates (6) in the folds is favorable for ballistic behavior.
- At least two successive perforated plates (6) can be corrugated or accordion folded plates.
- accordion folded it is meant that the perforated plate (6) has a zigzag-shaped section.
- each ply when the perforated plates (6) are viewed vertically, the lower (9) and upper (10) parts of each ply each have a slope substantially equal to +/- 45 ° and are therefore symmetrical, which in particular allows mounting in any direction.
- each ply when the perforated plates (6) are viewed vertically, the upper part (10) of each ply is preferably horizontal while the lower part (9) of each ply is and has a slope substantially equal to +/- 30 ° from the vertical.
- This geometry is however more complex and more risky to produce than the previous one due to a residual bending angle of less than 90 °, to be reserved for relatively ductile shielding materials.
- This geometry advantageously makes it possible to place the normal of the lower parts (9) in an inclined manner sloping towards the ground when the overprotection is mounted vertically, for better effectiveness of the ballistic overprotection (5) according to the STANAG 4569 standard.
- standard generally provides for ballistic aggression between 0 ° (horizontal) and 30 ° angle oriented exclusively from top to bottom, which corresponds to an elevated position of the shooter relative to his target.
- each fold can thus be dispensed with lights (7) or include wider lights (7), which makes it possible to save in manufacturing cost and / or in mass.
- the projectile impacts the perforated plates (6) of overprotection with an angle of incidence of approximately 60 ° and the thickness of the perforated plates (6) is largely sufficient in this case to prevent the projectile from crossing the main armor without the need for perforations to destabilize it.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 An example of an armored door (11) of a vehicle overprotected by the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the ballistic overprotection (5) only comprises two perforated plates (6), which include lights (7) produced in two directions, which illustrates the ability for the invention to be able to orient them as a function of the perforated plate surface (6) available.
- the perforated plates (6) are substantially planar, with a rim folded 90 ° in a rounded manner in their left part (12).
- the lights (7) do not open onto the edge (13) of the perforated plates (6), since they were provided during the design of the parts, which has advantages in terms of mechanical strength, safety and aesthetics.
- the dimensions of the lights (7) may not be uniform within the same perforated plate (6), which allows for example to provide lights (7) shorter in the upper left oblique part ( 14) of each of the perforated plates (6), for obvious questions of mechanical strength.
- Additional perforations (15), of circular shape, are provided in the perforated plates (6) for their fixing on studs (16) projecting provided on a mechanically welded armored door (11) of the vehicle, extending outwards and for example threaded for receiving a mounting screw (22).
- a ballistic liner (17) is also optionally provided on the internal face of the armored door (11), and an armored counter-frame (18) is fixed on the ballistic overprotection (5) in order to maintain armored glazing (not shown). Due to the thickness of the armored glazing, mobile spacers (19) are preferably provided between the armored counter frame (18) and the outermost perforated plate (6) (the right perforated plate in FIGS. 4 and 5 ).
- the fixing means are not shown in Figures 4 and 5. They maintain the perforated plates (6) between them and their attachment to the basic ballistic protection structure (4).
- the fixing points are preferably provided approximately every 500 mm.
- the two perforated plates (6) are substantially identical, except at the level of their left lateral part (12), where the folds (20) have folding radii and slightly different dimensions for the nesting of the two perforated plates (6) one against the other without excessive play.
- a ballistic protection (1) or a ballistic overprotection (5) comprises three or more perforated plates (6), if the perforated plates (6) are numbered from the outermost plate, each of the plates perforated (6) pairs and each of the odd perforated plates (6) are respectively preferably arranged so that their lights (7) are superimposed, as for example illustrated in FIG. 22.
- the first and the third perforated plates (6) have openings (7) which are superimposed along the same axis transverse to the external protection surface of said plates. The same is true for the second and fourth perforated plates (6).
- the perforated plates (6) being preferably removable, providing more than two allows in particular to increase the ballistic overprotection (5) of the invention. It is then possible to remove perforated plates (6) deemed unnecessary for the protection sought because this in particular makes it possible to alleviate ballistic overprotection (5).
- the lights (7) can be difficult to paint, and can cause passengers to feel insecure.
- the lights (7) can be obscured, for example on the internal and / or external faces of the ballistic overprotection (5), by the addition of a thin sheet or by the addition of 'a thin layer of material in the lights (7).
- This occultation material has a very small thickness and does not fulfill any role of ballistic protection.
- the ballistic protection (1) of the invention can also be used as a ballistic structure basic ballistic protection (4), for example provided on an armored vehicle.
- at least two perforated plates (6) according to the invention can be used to form a fully-fledged ballistic protection for a structure (3) to be protected.
- the structure to be protected is an armored vehicle
- at least two perforated plates (6) according to the invention can be used to constitute the body of said armored vehicle.
- the ballistic protection (1) of the invention in addition to fulfilling its protective role, can also fulfill other roles or functional cuts, such as for example for immobilizing glazing on a vehicle, act as openings, equipment supports, etc.
- the invention preferably by laser cutting, makes it possible to create perforated plates (6) shaped and cut to order, which makes it possible to adapt their 3D shape and their dimensions to the structure to be protected, while cutting the lights (7) in the plates before or after their cutting and deformation - preferably before, which makes it possible to adapt the orientation and the position of the lights (7) in the plates in particular according to the constraints imposed by the form adopted by the ballistic protection device of the invention and according to the orientation and the nature of the ballistic threats likely to strike the area to be cut in the plates to form the lights (7).
- the method of manufacturing the perforated plates (6) according to the invention makes it possible to avoid minimizing the number of junctions between the ballistic protections (1) and / or the overprotections (5) of the invention, and therefore to limit the number unprotected areas.
- the method of manufacturing the perforated plates (6) according to the invention makes it possible in particular, for example by digital simulation in fast dynamics, to optimize the dimensions, the geometry, the orientation and the density of the lights (7), as well as the number of perforated plates (6) used, their composition, their thickness, their relative positioning, etc.
- microreliefs (28) are not seem to lead to mechanical fragility of the protection and seem to improve the shattering effect of the rim effect of the edges of the cut lights (7).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1872499A FR3089619B1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Dispositif de protection balistique |
| PCT/FR2019/052623 WO2020115379A1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-06 | Dispositif de protection balistique |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3891461A1 true EP3891461A1 (fr) | 2021-10-13 |
| EP3891461B1 EP3891461B1 (fr) | 2024-01-03 |
| EP3891461C0 EP3891461C0 (fr) | 2024-01-03 |
Family
ID=66641030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19820825.8A Active EP3891461B1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-06 | Dispositif de protection balistique |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3891461B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3115018A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3089619B1 (fr) |
| SA (1) | SA521421754B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020115379A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5007326A (en) * | 1990-01-16 | 1991-04-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Cast single plate P900 armor |
| DE19928370A1 (de) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-04 | Sachsenring Entwicklungsgmbh | Energieabsorbierendes Panzerungselement |
| US9097495B1 (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2015-08-04 | Commercial Metals Company | Armor apparatus and method |
| WO2015179013A2 (fr) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-11-26 | American Technical Coatings, Inc. | Système de blindage balistique amélioré léger |
-
2018
- 2018-12-07 FR FR1872499A patent/FR3089619B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-06 EP EP19820825.8A patent/EP3891461B1/fr active Active
- 2019-11-06 CA CA3115018A patent/CA3115018A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-11-06 WO PCT/FR2019/052623 patent/WO2020115379A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2021
- 2021-04-14 SA SA521421754A patent/SA521421754B1/ar unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SA521421754B1 (ar) | 2023-10-09 |
| CA3115018A1 (fr) | 2020-06-11 |
| WO2020115379A1 (fr) | 2020-06-11 |
| EP3891461B1 (fr) | 2024-01-03 |
| EP3891461C0 (fr) | 2024-01-03 |
| FR3089619A1 (fr) | 2020-06-12 |
| FR3089619B1 (fr) | 2022-05-06 |
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