EP3889352A1 - Method for producing concrete block - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a concrete block (1) comprising at least one, multi-layer concrete block body (2) with at least one flat concrete block underside (2.1) and an essentially flat concrete block top (2.2) opposite this, the concrete block body (2) at least one the first concrete stone layer (2a) forming the concrete stone top (2.2), at least one water-permeable second concrete stone layer (2b) adjoining the first concrete stone layer (2a) and a third concrete stone layer (2c) immediately following the second concrete stone layer (2b), the third Concrete block layer (2c) forms the concrete block underside (2.1), which is intended to rest on a bedding layer (3) of a subsurface, and the second concrete block layer (2b) arranged between the first and third concrete block layer (2a, 2c) for receiving and storing Water is formed. Advantageously, after providing a formwork, in a first step to produce the third concrete block layer (2c) with a lower water permeability than the second concrete block layer (2b), fine grit-rich and / or sand-rich concrete is introduced into the formwork. In a subsequent second step, to produce the water-permeable second concrete block layer (2b), additional pore-free core concrete is introduced into the formwork and, in a third step, facing concrete is introduced into the formwork to produce a third concrete block layer (2a), the concrete material then being compacted.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a concrete block according to the preamble of claim 1.

Concrete blocks, in particular paving stones, steps, wall and boundary stones made of concrete are well known from the prior art. Such concrete blocks are often used in the construction of roads, traffic routes and landscaping for the production of surface coverings, walls, stairs or other structures built into the ground.

For example, in urban areas, large areas of the surface are often designed as walkable or drivable traffic areas such as streets, paths, squares or parking lots and covered with surface coverings formed from such concrete blocks, in particular paving stones or slabs. The concrete blocks or paving stones made of concrete are preferably laid on a bedding layer of the subsoil in a composite, specifically in such a way that joints are created between adjacent paving stones or shaped stones. The joints are filled with suitable, mostly sand-like joint materials. Such surface coverings in the form of plasters are sufficiently known from the prior art.

For all areas covered with a surface, care must be taken that the rainwater hitting the surface of the surface is drained off as effectively and sufficiently as possible. In the above-mentioned pavements made of shaped stones, the rainwater that hits it is usually drained away, whereby the rainwater, depending on the nature of the shaped stones, in particular depending on the type of concrete used to manufacture the shaped stones, only via an infiltration path through the joints or over a seepage path can seep through the joints and the shaped stones themselves.

From the DE 10 2012 100 616 B4 For example, a surface covering made of two-layer shaped stones is already known which have a water-absorbing, water-permeable layer underneath an essentially water-impermeable layer on the surface. Due to the water-permeable design of the lower layer, the rainwater can flow down both over the joints and at least partially over the water-permeable layer in the direction of the bedding layer and thus hits the bedding layer over an area, which can reduce so-called blocking of the joints.

In the case of large-scale traffic areas with surface coverings, from an urban planning point of view, it should also be noted that such traffic areas contribute significantly to above-average inner-city warming, especially in the summer months. The surface coverings are heated by the daytime solar radiation, store this heat and release it again at night as thermal radiation. This phenomenon is known as the "urban heat island effect". This can cause additional warming of several degrees Celsius in urban areas compared to rural areas, especially at night. In order to counteract this urban "heat island effect", it is already known to provide increased water evaporation, since it is known that evaporative cold occurs when water is evaporated. It is therefore desirable to achieve an increased evaporation rate even through special surface coverings in urban traffic areas.

According to a drainage plan being considered in Germany, the future goal is to preserve the natural water balance in settlement areas in order to limit damage caused by heavy rain. Ideally, between 34% and 92% of the rainwater should evaporate and transpire and the rest should seep into the ground, i.e. be returned to the groundwater.

There is therefore a need for surface coverings that are capable of absorbing and storing water and releasing the temporarily stored water back into the environment through evaporation when exposed to heat.

Such surface coverings are already from the US2014 / 0048542 A1 and the JP2006283447 A known. However, a disadvantage with such surface coverings is a specific preparation of the subsurface, which is associated with a significant additional effort and thus higher costs.

Also is from the EP 3 153 625 B1 already known a concrete block and a surface covering made from it. The concrete block also has a multilayer structure and is designed to be placed on a bedding layer of a subsurface and to be laid as a composite. Here, the molded block comprises at least one water-impermeable, first layer arranged along the upper side of the molded block and at least one directly adjoining water-permeable, second layer and at least one third layer adjoining the second layer. The third layer is designed as a water-impermeable layer and arranged on the underside of the concrete block provided for resting on the bedding layer, and the second layer arranged between the first and third layer is designed to absorb and store water. The impermeability of the third layer to water leads to the fact that it is in the second layer Waterlogging forms and the second layer can become oversaturated. Disadvantageously, the onset of the evaporation effect is delayed in time or only starts to a limited extent if the concrete block is heated too little. Another disadvantage is that the evaporation properties of such a concrete block are therefore limited due to the water-impermeable third layer. The formation of waterlogging during a freeze / thaw cycle can also lead to damage to the concrete block, which is particularly disadvantageous.

Based on this, the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a concrete block, in particular a paving block from concrete, that eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art and that enables the production of a concrete block that also absorbs moisture from the bedding material below the concrete block is trained. The object is achieved by a method for producing a concrete block according to claim 1.

Concrete blocks within the meaning of the invention can in particular be paving stones and slabs made of concrete, which can be laid in a composite on a bedding layer.

In the method according to the invention for producing a concrete block comprising at least one, multi-layer concrete block body with at least one flat concrete block underside and an essentially flat concrete block top opposite, the concrete block body at least one first concrete block layer forming the concrete block top, at least one water-permeable second layer adjoining the first concrete block layer Concrete block layer as well as a third concrete block layer directly adjoining the second concrete block layer, the third concrete block layer forming the concrete block underside, which is intended to rest on a bedding layer of a subsurface, and the second concrete block layer arranged between the first and third concrete block layer for receiving and storing water is designed, is particularly advantageous after providing a formwork in a first step for the production of the third bed concrete stone layer with a lower water permeability than the second concrete stone layer of fine gravel and / or sand-rich concrete is introduced into the formwork, then in a second step for the production of the water-permeable second concrete stone layer, pore-free core concrete is additionally introduced into the formwork and in a third step for production A third concrete block layer of facing concrete is introduced into the formwork, the concrete material being subsequently compacted. In the context of the invention, the production of a water-permeable layer with a lower water permeability is understood to mean a concrete block layer in which water can penetrate through this layer, but with a time delay and / or compared to a water-permeable concrete block layer with normal or higher water permeability at a reduced or reduced speed. Also, this layer is not designed to take up and store water. This avoids waterlogging in the second concrete block layer, ie the amount of water absorbed by the second water-permeable concrete block layer can be adjusted or better regulated, in such a way that improved evaporation properties of the concrete block or concrete paving stone result. This also effectively prevents damage to the concrete block in the event of waterlogging and a freeze / thaw cycle. Due to the water-permeable design of the third concrete block layer, there is the further advantage that moisture in the bedding material below the concrete block can be sucked into the concrete block via the third layer due to the capillary effect. This also increases the amount of evaporation from the concrete block into the atmosphere.

After the concrete material has been compacted, the formwork or form is removed and then the compacted concrete material is preferably cured in a drying chamber, the compacted concrete material already having the shape and dimensions of the concrete block or paving stone made of concrete after the formwork has been removed.

The production of the second concrete block layer according to the invention from a core concrete with pore structure enables optimal absorption and storage of water in the concrete block.

In a preferred embodiment variant, the fine grit-rich and / or sand-rich concrete and the core concrete with pores and pores are precompacted in an intermediate step before the facing concrete is introduced.

Furthermore, the fine grit and / or sand-rich concrete is applied thinly with the first concrete spreading agent and then the pore-like core concrete with a second concrete spreading agent over a thick area and the two concrete layers introduced are pre-compacted in the formwork by means of a stamp and / or shaking vibration.

Depending on the desired water permeability, coarse-grained crushed stone material can also be added to the fine, grit-rich and / or sand-rich concrete. By using a fine concrete material rich in grit and / or sand with possibly a coarse-grained fraction of grit to produce the third concrete block layer, a low level of water permeability is achieved, the degree of which is due to the respective mixture is at least partially adjustable by the added proportion of sand and / or grit and / or the particular grain size used. With the concrete material mentioned and the correspondingly selected binder content, small pores and / or cavities which generate a capillary effect are advantageously created in the third concrete block layer. Due to this capillary effect, moisture that is still present in the bedding layer can also be supplied to the second concrete block layer via the third concrete block layer, whereby the evaporation properties of the concrete block can be improved even further.

In a further development of the invention, the first concrete block layer is produced from partially water-permeable or water-impermeable facing concrete. By producing a water-permeable facing concrete layer, rainwater can also be supplied via the first concrete stone layer to the second, water-storing concrete stone layer, or it can escape again in the event of evaporation. The water-impermeable design of the facing concrete layer enables the targeted supply of rainwater via the joints or the joint material located therein, so that effective filtering of the rainwater is also particularly advantageously possible via this infiltration path.

The third concrete block layer can also advantageously be produced with a layer thickness between 3% and 15% of the total height of the concrete block body, preferably between 3% and 8% of the total height of the concrete block body. In particular, the third concrete block layer can be produced with a layer thickness between 3 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 8 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the second concrete block layer is produced with a layer thickness between 60% and 90% of the total height of the concrete block body, preferably between 70% and 85% of the total height of the concrete block body. The second concrete block layer thus forms a large part of the concrete block body, so that a large amount of water can be stored in it and released again.

The concrete block is advantageously produced in one piece or in one piece, i.e. all three concrete block layers are produced in one production process in the form of a single block.

In a further development of the invention, the third concrete block layer is produced with a water permeability which is reduced by at least 30%, preferably by 50%, compared to the water permeability of the second concrete block layer. This ensures sufficient saturation of the second concrete block layer with rainwater guaranteed, but effectively prevents its oversaturation. This significantly improves the evaporation properties of the concrete block.

In one embodiment of the invention, a photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide is incorporated into the first concrete block layer. The surface of the concrete block is thus designed for photocatalytic air cleaning. Particularly advantageously, harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides or volatile organic substances present in the ambient air can be oxidized and thus removed from the air by irradiation with light, preferably sunlight.

The terms “approximately”, “essentially” or “approximately” mean deviations from the exact value in each case by +/- 10%, preferably by +/- 5% and / or deviations in the form of changes that are insignificant for the function .

Developments, advantages and possible applications of the invention also emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the figures. In this case, all of the features described and / or shown in the figures, individually or in any combination, are fundamentally the subject matter of the invention, regardless of how they are summarized in the claims or their reference. The content of the claims is also made part of the description.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische, Ansicht eines gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Betonsteins,

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Schnitt durch den Betonstein gemäß Figur 1,

Fig. 3

einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen Flächenbelagabschnitt hergestellt unter Verwendung der Betonsteine gemäß der Figuren 1 und 2,

Fig. 4

einen schematischen und vergrößert dargestellten Schnitt durch den Flächenbelagabschnitt gemäß Figur 3 zur Erläuterung des Versickerungswegs und

Fig. 5

einen schematischen und vergrößert dargestellten Schnitt analog zu Figur 4 mit eingezeichnetem Verdunstungsweg.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures using exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a concrete block produced according to the method according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a schematic section through the concrete block according to Figure 1 ,

Fig. 3

a schematic section through a surface covering section produced using the concrete blocks according to FIG Figures 1 and 2 ,

Fig. 4

a schematic and enlarged section through the surface covering section according to FIG Figure 3 to explain the infiltration path and

Fig. 5

a schematic and enlarged section analogous to FIG Figure 4 with the evaporation path shown.

Identical reference symbols are used in the figures for elements of the invention that are the same or have the same effect. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures that are necessary for the description of the respective figure.

In Figure 1 is an example of a perspective view of a concrete block produced according to the method according to the invention 1 and FIG Figure 2 a schematic section along a section plane running parallel to the central longitudinal axis MLA and the longitudinal axis LA of the concrete block 1.

The concrete block 1 is preferably designed in the form of a surface element that can be laid in a composite to create a surface covering. In the present case, concrete block or concrete slab is understood to mean essentially structurally identical elements that can be used in a manner known per se to create a surface covering. Depending on the chosen laying pattern, these are interlocked with one another and laid flush with one another, so that a preferably flat surface covering 10 is created.

A concrete block 1 produced according to the method according to the invention comprises at least one multi-layer concrete block body 2 with at least one flat concrete block underside 2.1 and an essentially flat concrete block top 2.2 opposite this, which preferably forms the step surface or drivable area or traffic area. The specific configuration of the lateral surface sections of the concrete block 1 is not relevant for the invention, i.e. the specific cross-sectional shape of the concrete block 1 can be selected almost as desired without departing from the concept of the invention.

In the present embodiment, the concrete block 1 is cuboid and has two equal and opposite concrete block sides 2.3, 2.4. The concrete block underside 2.1 and the concrete block top 2.2 run perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis MLA of the concrete block body 2 or concrete block 1, the concrete block sides 2.4 being oriented perpendicular and the concrete block sides 2.3 parallel to the longitudinal axis LA of the concrete block body 2 or concrete block 1.

The multi-layer concrete block body 2 comprises at least one first concrete block layer 2a forming the concrete block top 2.2, at least one water-permeable second concrete block layer 2b adjoining the first concrete block layer 2a and a third concrete block layer 2c immediately following the second concrete block layer 2b, the third concrete block layer 2c being the concrete block underside 2.1 forms, which is intended to rest on a bedding layer 3 of a substrate, and wherein the between the first and the second concrete stone layer 2b arranged on the third concrete stone layer 2a, 2c is designed for receiving and storing water.

According to the invention, the third concrete block layer 2c is made water-permeable, the third concrete block layer 2c having a lower water permeability compared to the second concrete block layer 2. A water-permeable layer with low water permeability is understood in the present context as a concrete block layer through which water can be transported or passed, but with a time delay and / or compared to the second, water-permeable concrete block layer 2b with a reduced or reduced flow velocity.

The method according to the invention for producing or manufacturing the concrete block 1 with improved evaporation properties can be carried out by means of industrial production methods in which concrete blocks are produced in a process-controlled manner, preferably in layers, i.e. several concrete blocks at the same time in one layer.

First of all, within the scope of the production method according to the invention, a concrete formwork known per se for producing concrete blocks 1, in particular paving stone form or plate form, is provided.

After providing the formwork or form, in a first step to produce the at least partially water-permeable first concrete block layer 2a, fine grit-rich and / or sand-rich concrete is introduced into the formwork or form and in a second step to produce the water-permeable second concrete block layer 2b, it is additionally pore-like Core concrete introduced into the formwork or form. Finally, in a third step for producing the third concrete block layer 2a, facing concrete is introduced into the formwork or form, the introduced concrete material then being compacted. After compaction, the formwork or form is removed, the compacted concrete block 1 remaining on a support and holding plate. The hardening of the compacted concrete block 1 preferably takes place in a drying chamber.

The fine grit and / or sand-rich concrete and the pore-free core concrete are preferably precompacted in an intermediate step before the facing concrete is introduced. In particular, the fine, grit-rich and / or sand-rich concrete can be poured into the formwork over a thin surface with a first concrete spreading agent and then the pore-like core concrete with a second concrete spreading agent over a thick area, and the concrete layers introduced into the formwork by means of a stamp and / or shaking vibration of the support and holding plate Formwork or form are precompacted. The lowering of the punch onto the in the formwork or form Introduced concrete material and the subsequent application of a vibrating shock on the part of the support and holding plate is also referred to as "intermediate sinking". Subsequently, the ram is raised again and the facing concrete is introduced into the formwork or form and then the ram is lowered again in order to re-compact the concrete material in the formwork or form. Here, too, there is preferably another jolting shock, which is transmitted to the concrete material via the support and holding plate. This operation is also known as "final compaction".

The third concrete block layer 2c is preferably made of a fine concrete material rich in grit and / or sand, which has at least moderate water permeability. If necessary, a coarse fraction of chippings can also be added.

The concrete block 1 or the concrete block body 2 are produced with a total height H which preferably corresponds to the sum of the layer thicknesses Da, Db, Dc of the first to third concrete block layers 2a, 2b, 2c. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first concrete block layer 2a has a first layer thickness Da, the second concrete block layer 2b has a second layer thickness Db and the third concrete block layer 2c has a third layer thickness Dc.

According to the invention, the third layer thickness Dc of the third concrete block layer 2c is between 3 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 8 mm. In relation to the total layer thickness H of the concrete block, the third layer thickness Dc has between 3% and 15% of the total height H of the concrete block body 2, preferably between 3% and 10% of the total height H of the concrete block body 2.

For optimal absorption and storage of water, the second layer thickness Db of the second concrete block layer 2b is between 60% and 90% of the total height H of the concrete block body 2, preferably between 70% and 85% of the total height H of the concrete block body 2.

The second layer thickness Db of the second concrete block layer 2b is, for example, approx. 80% of the total height H of the shaped block 1 in the present exemplary embodiment cm and the third layer thickness Dc, for example, 0.5 cm.

The first concrete stone layer 2a forming the concrete stone top side 2.2 is made from a water-permeable or water-impermeable facing concrete, with as impermeable facing concrete a structurally dense, impermeable concrete material is used. The first concrete block layer 2a is preferably immediately followed by the second concrete block layer 2b, which is produced from a core concrete with pores and a large proportion of fine and micropores. This pore-like concrete layer 2b supports the absorption and storage of water and thus enables water to penetrate via the concrete stone sides 2.3, 2.4 into the second concrete stone layer 2b. Under thermal conditions that promote evaporation of water, the water temporarily stored in the second concrete block layer 2b can be released to the outside again, again in vapor form via the concrete block sides 2.3, 2.4 and / or with a water-permeable formation of the first concrete block layer 2a over them escape from the concrete block 1 or are released into the environment.

In the illustrated embodiment, the concrete block 1 has so-called spacers or spacer noses 4, which ensure uniform joints 5 with an approximately uniform width when the concrete blocks 1 are laid in a composite and ensure a minimum width of the joints 5.

In the Figure 3 a section through a surface covering 10 formed by means of concrete blocks 1 designed according to the invention is shown by way of example. The surface covering 10 comprises a multiplicity of multilayer concrete blocks 1 laid in a composite on a bedding layer 3 of a subsurface. 2c on. Joints 5 are formed between adjacent concrete blocks 1 of surface covering 10, which are filled with a joint material 6 and form an infiltration path for draining rainwater from the surface of surface covering 10 facing away from bedding layer 3. The bedding layer 3 is a conventional bedding layer which essentially consists of a material mixture with a grain size of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. After the concrete blocks 1 have been laid as a composite, the joint material 6 is brushed dry into the joints 5. Subsequently, the surface covering 10 is shaken off and, if necessary, grouted again, ie further joint material 6 is filled into joints 6 that are not yet completely filled. This process can be repeated again after a certain time.

The joint material 7 of the present exemplary embodiment consists, for example, of a mixture of a sand component, a fine component and an artificial molecular sieve and thus forms a filter layer for removing pollutants from the rainwater. Alternatively, however, conventional joint material can also be used, provided that no pollutant filtering is desired.

To illustrate the water cycle taking place on the surface covering 10 is shown in FIG Figures 4 and 5 each a section of the surface covering 10 shown in a sectional view, wherein in Figure 4 the infiltration and absorption route for rainwater and in Figure 5 the evaporation path for rainwater temporarily stored in the concrete block 1 and there in particular in the second concrete block layer 2b is indicated.

Rainwater hits the surface of the surface covering 10 on the first concrete block layer 2a of the concrete blocks 1 and preferably seeps through the joints 5 into the joint material 6, with the first concrete block layer 2a being at least partially water-permeable, the rainwater also being guided by this. Independently of this, at least part of the seeping rainwater moving in the direction of the bedding layer 4 passes from the joint material 6 into the second concrete stone layer 2b, which preferably sucks up the water like a sponge. Preferably, the supply takes place via the concrete stone sides 2.3, 2.4 adjoining the joint material 7. The infiltration or transport route of rainwater is exemplified in Figure 4 indicated by black arrows. Due to the at least partially water-permeable design of the third concrete block layer 2c according to the invention, part of the rainwater absorbed in the second concrete block layer 2b can also be discharged into the bedding layer 3 or the subsoil, so that optimal water flow is achieved. In particular, this avoids oversaturation of the second concrete stone layer 2b with rainwater, which would worsen the evaporation properties.

The rainwater temporarily stored in the second concrete block layer 2b of the concrete blocks 1 can therefore, due to the inventive design of the third concrete block layer 2c, under appropriate conditions, for example when the surface covering 10 is heated by solar radiation, evaporate significantly better than with concrete blocks 3 known from the prior art, which have a water-impermeable Provide a third layer of concrete blocks. The evaporating water arrives in the form of water vapor from the second concrete block layer 2b of the concrete block 1 either via the joint material 6 and / or via the water-permeable first concrete block layer 2a to the surface, where it is released into the air above. One possible way of evaporation for water is in Figure 5 indicated by double arrows.

The evaporation can on the one hand counteract an urban heat island effect due to the resulting evaporation cold and on the other hand support the natural water cycle and thus improve the urban water balance. The sheet material 10 is particularly suitable for an effective contribution to a To carry out environmentally friendly drainage planning, in particular to achieve evapotranspiration between 34% and 92% of the rainwater.

Also, due to the capillary effect generated in the third concrete block layer 2c, a supply of moisture from the bedding layer 3 or the subsoil into the second concrete block layer 2b is possible, whereby the evaporation properties of the concrete block 1 are additionally improved, in particular the evaporation rate is increased.

The first concrete stone layer 2a forming the concrete stone top side 2.2 can be produced in one embodiment from a concrete material with incorporated photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide. For this purpose, nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2), preferably in powder form or in liquid form, are added to the concrete material provided for producing the first concrete block layer 2a. The first concrete stone layer 2a with incorporated photocatalysts serves as a photocatalyst, via which photocatalytic air cleaning takes place under solar radiation.

The invention was described above using exemplary embodiments. It goes without saying that numerous changes and modifications are possible without thereby departing from the inventive concept on which the invention is based.

List of reference symbols

1

Concrete block

2

Concrete block body

2a

first layer of concrete blocks

2 B

second layer of concrete blocks

2c

third layer of concrete blocks

2.1

Concrete block underside

2.2

Concrete block top

2.3

Concrete block side

2.4

Concrete block side

3

Bedding layer

4th

Spacers

5

Put

6th

Grout

10

Surface covering

There

Layer thickness of the first concrete block layer

Db

Layer thickness of the second concrete block layer

Dc

Layer thickness of the third concrete block layer

H

Total height of the concrete block

MLA

Central longitudinal axis

LA

Longitudinal axis

Claims (12)

A method for producing a concrete block (1) comprising at least one multi-layer concrete block body (2) with at least one flat concrete block underside (2.1) and an essentially flat concrete block top (2.2) opposite this, the concrete block body (2) at least one concrete block top (2.2) ) forming first concrete block layer (2a), at least one water-permeable second concrete block layer (2b) adjoining the first concrete block layer (2a) and a third concrete block layer (2c) directly adjoining the second concrete block layer (2b), the third concrete block layer (2c) the concrete block underside (2.1) which is intended to rest on a bedding layer (3) of a subsurface, and wherein the second concrete block layer (2b) arranged between the first and third concrete block layer (2a, 2c) is designed to receive and store water, characterized in that after providing a Scha treatment, in a first step for the production of the third concrete block layer (2c) with a lower water permeability than the second concrete block layer (2b), fine grit and / or sand-rich concrete is introduced into the formwork Concrete block layer (2b) additionally pore core concrete is introduced into the formwork and in which, in a third step, facing concrete is introduced into the formwork to produce a third concrete block layer (2a), the introduced concrete material then being compacted. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine and / or sand-rich concrete introduced into the formwork and the core concrete with pores and pores are precompacted in an intermediate step before the facing concrete is introduced. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fine and / or sand-rich concrete is introduced into the formwork over a thin surface with the first concrete spreading means and then the pore-like core concrete with second concrete spreading means over a thick area, and the concrete layers introduced into the formwork by means of a stamp and / or vibrating vibration Formwork can be pre-compacted. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first concrete block layer (2a) is produced from partially water-permeable or water-impermeable facing concrete. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third concrete block layer (2c) with a layer thickness (Dc) between 3% and 15% of the total height (H) of the concrete block body (2), preferably between 3% and 10% of the total height ( H) of the concrete block body (2) is produced. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third concrete block layer (2c) is produced with a layer thickness (Dc) between 3 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 8 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second concrete block layer (2c) with a layer thickness (Db) between 60% and 90% of the total height (H) of the concrete block body (2), preferably between 70% and 85% of the total height ( H) of the concrete block body (2) is produced. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete block is produced in one piece or in one piece. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third concrete block layer (2c) is produced with a water permeability which is reduced by at least 30%, preferably by 50%, compared to the water permeability of the second concrete block layer (2b). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide is incorporated into the first concrete block layer (2a). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork is removed after the concrete material has been compacted. Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that after the formwork has been removed, the compacted concrete material is preferably cured in a drying chamber.

Images