Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
  • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
  • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
  • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
  • B61L23/047—Track or rail movements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
  • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
  • E01B9/44—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate
  • E01B9/46—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps
  • E01B9/48—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips
  • E01B9/483—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips the clip being a shaped bar
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
  • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
  • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
  • B61L23/044—Broken rails

Definitions

• the invention relates to a measuring arrangement for monitoring a
• Optical waveguide is connected to a measuring device in order to detect a load acting on a rail.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing the corresponding measuring arrangement.
• Optical waveguides are becoming increasingly important in corresponding measuring arrangements. These are used on the one hand for signal transmission and on the other hand as elements of a sensor.
• DAS distributed acoustic detection
• Vibrations along the track Specifically, the wheels of trains are monitored in order to detect damage at an early stage.
• the solution aims to make one already used for other purposes
• WO 2015/110361 A2 discloses a measuring device with a fiber-optic sensor unit for measuring a mechanical variable that acts on a rail.
• the fiber-optic sensor unit is arranged obliquely on a rail web and is used with primary light to generate a signal light Illuminated reflection or transmission. The signal light is evaluated to determine changes in the load on the rail.
• the object of the invention is to improve a measuring arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that simple manufacture and maintenance as well as precise measurement results with high replicability can be achieved.
• Another object of the invention is to specify a method for producing the corresponding measuring arrangement.
• optical waveguide is releasably clamped in at least one rail fastening. This is how one works
• Optical fibers can be evaluated using known methods.
• the measuring device connected to the optical waveguide sends light signals into the optical waveguide, reflections of these light signals correlating with the deformations of the optical waveguide. This also enables the precise location of a deformation. Vibrations or wheel loads are thus detected directly because the optical waveguide is arranged in the force path between the rail and the threshold.
• the optical waveguide is at least at two successive thresholds in the
• the optical waveguide advantageously runs over a wide area of the track section to be monitored and is clamped in all rail fastenings of the same rail.
• the optical waveguide serves as a sensor element with a longitudinal extension over a plurality of thresholds.
• a routed next to the track in a cable trough In contrast to a routed next to the track in a cable trough
• the optical fiber arranged according to the invention is excited in discrete sections (respective contact point with a threshold). This means that each threshold can be assigned its own virtual sensor. Each individual threshold is monitored with a local assignment of the measurement results. For example, hollow layers or loose ones
• Axle counters can also be implemented in this way, with interoperability with existing systems.
• optical waveguide has a loop for longitudinal compensation between two clamping points. This allows changes to be made to the measuring arrangement if necessary.
• the optical waveguide is placed at a sufficient distance from the welding point using the longitudinal compensation.
• Optical fiber between two successive sleepers is releasably attached to the rail by means of a fastening means.
• a fastening means For example, a clip clipped onto the rail foot prevents the
• Optical fiber sags between the sleepers. Especially for the trouble-free execution of maintenance processes such as
• the at least one rail fastening comprises an intermediate layer as a base for the rail foot and that the clamped-in optical waveguide lies against the intermediate layer. Vertical loads on the rail are transmitted directly to the optical fiber. In addition, with this arrangement the optical waveguide is protected from external influences by the rail.
• Rail fastening comprises a tension clamp and that the clamped optical fiber lies against the tension clamp.
• the lateral guide is an angle guide plate.
• an angle guide plate is arranged on each side of the rail foot in order to fix the lateral position of the rail.
• the respective angle guide plate usually also serves as a support for a tension clamp.
• the at least one rail fastening can be a
• ribbed plate ribs running parallel to the rail being arranged as lateral guides.
• Such a ribbed plate is usually used in conjunction with a wooden sleeper to also ensure a predetermined inclination of the rail towards the middle of the track.
• screw connections serve as fastening elements.
• the method according to the invention for producing one of the measuring arrangements described provides that in the case of new track construction or track renewal by means of a track construction machine, a rail is placed on sleepers that before, after or during this time the optical waveguide is unwound from a coil arranged on the track construction machine and on respective ones
• Clamping points is positioned and that the rail by means of
• Rail fastenings with simultaneous clamping of the fiber optic cable is attached to the sleepers.
• the measuring arrangement is erected in the course of track construction work, whereby the effort required for this is negligible.
• common track construction machines which are designed for laying or exchanging rails, can be easily equipped with a coil for unwinding the optical waveguide.
• Fig. 1 cross section through a rail and a rail fastening with a ribbed plate
• FIG. 2 Detail A from Fig. 1 with optical fiber in the released state
• FIG. 3 Detail A from Fig. 1 with optical fiber in the clamped state
• Fig. 4 cross section through a rail and a rail fastening with
• FIG. 5 top view of a rail and two sleepers description of the embodiments
• a rail 1 shown in Fig. 1 is slightly inclined by means of a
• Rail attachment 2 attached to a threshold 3.
• the rail fastening 2 comprises one
• Ribbed plate 4 which is screwed onto the threshold 3 with screws 5. Between the rail base 6 and the ribbed plate 4, an intermediate layer 7, which is usually made of plastic, is arranged.
• the ribbed slat 4 comprises ribs 8 running on both sides of the rail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the rail. These ribs 8 point downwards
• At least one optical waveguide 12 is arranged, which is releasably clamped in the rail fastening 2.
• the mechanical properties of the optical waveguide 12 and the rail fastening 2 are matched to one another.
• the optical waveguide 12 has a sheathing made from abrasion-resistant plastic or a composite material. This avoids premature mechanical wear of the optical waveguide 12. If necessary, the optical waveguide 12 is also exchanged in the course of a rail exchange, the resultant given thereby
• a longitudinal groove 13 is provided in the intermediate layer 7 for receiving the optical waveguide 12.
• the ribbed plate 4 has a corresponding longitudinal groove 13.
• the longitudinal groove 13 can also be provided in the threshold 3, so that a conventional rail fastening 2 can be used without further adjustments. The same applies to a longitudinal groove 13 on the underside of the rail foot 6.
• the respective longitudinal groove 13 has a depth which is less than the diameter of the optical waveguide 12 in the released state.
• the optical waveguide 12 is pressed against surfaces of the rail fastening 2 and optionally the rail 1 or the threshold 3.
• loads and vibrations acting on rail 1 or threshold 3 are transmitted directly to the
• the optical waveguide 12 is arranged in a longitudinal groove 13 of a rib 8. In the assembled state, the optical waveguide 12 is clamped between the rib 8 and a lateral web of the rail foot 6. In an advantageous development, this is
• Optical waveguide 12 with an optical waveguide 12 under the rail base 6 combined. In this way, separate detection and evaluation of the horizontal and vertical forces and vibrations is possible.
• the threshold 3 for receiving the rail fastening 2 on the top has relief
• the intermediate layer 7 here forms a damping element between the rail base 6 and the threshold 3.
• the angle guide plates ⁇ 4 serve as lateral guides which fix the rail base 7 in the horizontal transverse direction of the rail.
• Each angle guide plate ⁇ 4 also has a groove ⁇ 5 in which one
• Round material bent clamp ⁇ is engaged.
• the respective tension clamp ⁇ is tensioned by means of a rail fastening screw ⁇ 6, the ends of the tension clamp ⁇ being pressed against the rail foot 6 from above.
• a longitudinal groove ⁇ 3 is provided in the intermediate layer 7 or in the threshold 3 below the intermediate layer 7. Also the
• Angle guide plate ⁇ 4 or below the respective clamp kl is an advantage. Forces and vibrations in a horizontal
• Rail transverse direction are advantageously detected with an optical waveguide ⁇ 2 between the angle guide plate ⁇ 4 and the associated lateral web of the rail foot 6. For this, the corresponding points
• Angular guide plate ⁇ 4 has a lateral longitudinal groove ⁇ 3.
• the arrangement of several optical fibers run2 can be useful.
• the top view in FIG. 5 shows two rail fastenings 2 with a respective rib plate 4 as an example.
• the optical fiber ⁇ 2 is clamped in the respective rail attachment 2 below the rail ⁇ .
• the respective rib plate 4 has a corresponding longitudinal groove ⁇ 3.
• the optical fiber ⁇ 2 is excited discretely at these clamping points ⁇ 7, so that correspondingly discrete measurement results are available during a measurement process.
• the optical waveguide Licht2 is arranged in a loop Loop8 between the thresholds. This loop ⁇ 8 serves as length compensation if the
• Optical fiber ⁇ 2 must be repaired or positioned differently. To use the length compensation of several loops ⁇ 8, the
• Optical fiber ⁇ 2 can slide through the rail fastenings 2.
• the optical fiber ⁇ 2 is welded on the rail ⁇ using the length compensation at a sufficient distance from the
• a fastening means ⁇ 9 is advantageously provided in the respective sleeper compartment between two sleepers 3, with which the optical waveguide ⁇ 2 is detachably fastened to the rail ⁇ .
• this is a clip that is clipped onto the rail base 6 and holds the optical fiber ⁇ 2 in position. In this way, the optical fiber ⁇ 2 is adequately protected during maintenance work such as rail grinding or track plugs.
• Fasteners ⁇ 9 can also be used to omit the detector function of the optical fiber ⁇ 2 in complicated track systems.
• the optical waveguide ⁇ 2 is only clipped to a rail ⁇ in the area of a switch without being clamped in the rail fastenings 2.
• One end of the optical waveguide ⁇ 2 is connected to a measuring device 20
• Optical fiber ⁇ 2 and evaluates the resulting reflections. These reflections are dependent on the mechanical stress in the relevant fiber of the optical waveguide ⁇ 2. Such mechanical stresses arise when forces act on the optical waveguide oder2 or the optical waveguide ⁇ 2 is vibrated due to vibrations or vibrations. A localization of the force or the force is also possible via evaluable signal patterns, in particular through the discrete expression of the measurement signal
• Track maintenance with the old rails ⁇ in a continuous Working methods can be exchanged for new rails ⁇ .
• the new rails ⁇ are placed in front of the track.
• the rail fastenings 2 are released.
• Track construction machine uses a so-called conversion train.
• This has a conversion device in a central part, which is supported like a bridge on a front and a rear rail chassis.
• the front rail carriage runs on the old rails ⁇ and the rear rail carriage already drives on the new rails ⁇ .
• the old rails ⁇ from sleepers 3 and guide them to the outside next to the track.
• the new rails are guided from the outside in and placed on the sleepers 3.
• individual sleepers 3 with their rail fastenings 2 are exposed. This state is used to position the optical fiber ⁇ 2 at the respective clamping points ⁇ 7.
• a coil (cable drum) is arranged in the conversion device, from which the optical fiber 12 is unwound during the machine approach.
• a positioning device guides the optical waveguide 12 into the exposed longitudinal grooves 13 of the rib plates 4. This either happens only for one rail track or a separate optical waveguide 12 is unwound from an associated coil for each rail track.
• the intermediate layers 7 are placed on the rib plates 4 with a corresponding depositing device.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
• Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=68344826

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2019
  • 2019-10-23 WO PCT/EP2019/078791 patent/WO2020108873A1/de unknown
  • 2019-10-23 EA EA202100123A patent/EA202100123A1/ru unknown
  • 2019-10-23 EP EP19794487.9A patent/EP3887222A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-10-23 CN CN201980076207.8A patent/CN113056407B/zh active Active
  • 2019-10-23 JP JP2021529474A patent/JP2022508220A/ja active Pending
  • 2019-10-23 US US17/283,848 patent/US20210347394A1/en active Pending

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