EP3880783A1 - Dispositif de production de microalgues - Google Patents
Dispositif de production de microalguesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3880783A1 EP3880783A1 EP19802177.6A EP19802177A EP3880783A1 EP 3880783 A1 EP3880783 A1 EP 3880783A1 EP 19802177 A EP19802177 A EP 19802177A EP 3880783 A1 EP3880783 A1 EP 3880783A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light source
- pmol
- main
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
- C12M25/02—Membranes; Filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
- C12M31/10—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by light emitting elements located inside the reactor, e.g. LED or OLED
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/20—Ribbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for the production of microalgae.
- Microalgae are unicellular phototrophic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Microalgae are able to get their energy from light, through photosynthesis.
- Prokaryotic microalgae are represented by cyanobacteria (sometimes called “blue-green algae”).
- Eukaryotic microalgae are diversified and represented by a multitude of classes among which there may be mentioned chlorophyceae, diatoms, chrysophyceae, coccolithophyceae, euglenophyceae and rhodopyceae.
- microalgae of which a few tens of thousands of species are referenced.
- Microalgae are ubiquitous and are found both in freshwater and in brackish and marine waters.
- the size of a microalgae cell is generally between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- microalgae production sector is currently growing. Microalgae are indeed capable of synthesizing products of economic and ecological interest. Among these products, mention may in particular be made of proteins, antioxidants, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids with long chains DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid).
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- Microalgae thus find application in several technological fields and in particular in the cosmetic industry, the pharmaceutical industry, aquaculture, the food industry or food supplements.
- Microalgae are also used in the production of bioenergy. They have an ability to capture light energy to fix and metabolize inorganic carbon from carbon dioxide (CO2) in energy molecules. Microalgae therefore have significant purifying capacities. In addition, the coupling of microalgae with CO2 and the fact that microalgae are often rich in sugars or oils means that microalgae are of great interest in the production of biofuels. For the production of microalgae, culture systems based on light growth are used. Thus, microalgae can be grown using natural light (sunlight) or artificial light.
- the invention improves the situation.
- the invention introduces a device for producing microalgae comprising a basin containing an aqueous medium and a mobile support capable of receiving a cell culture consisting of algae cells, which mobile support is at least partially immersed in the medium.
- aqueous and has at least two portions, characterized in that the movable support is arranged in the basin so that the first portion is exposed directly to a main light source and forms an exposure section, and the second portion is not directly exposed to the main light source and forms an inhibition section, the device further comprising a secondary light source arranged to emit actinic light in the direction of the inhibition section so as to inhibit the pigment synthesis of certain at least of said algae cells.
- the secondary light source is arranged to emit light of light intensity less than or equal to 30% of the average light intensity received by the exposure section. This light energy is optimal for good production.
- the secondary light source is arranged to emit light of light intensity less than or equal to 300 pmol / m 2 / s. This light energy allows good production while keeping energy expenditure and costs low.
- the secondary light source is arranged to emit light of light intensity between 5 pmol / m 2 / s and 300 pmol / m 2 / s, preferably between 30 pmol / m 2 / s and 120 pmol / m 2 / s, and more preferably around 50 pmol / m 2 / s. These ranges of light energy allow good production while further reducing energy expenditure and costs.
- the main light source is chosen from filtered or unfiltered sunlight and an artificial source having a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 800 nm. This light is optimal for photosynthesis.
- the main light source is an artificial source having a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 800 nm of light intensity greater than or equal to 400 pmol / m 2 / s.
- the secondary light source is chosen from light-emitting diodes and optical fibers. This type of source offers great flexibility for mounting in the basin.
- the secondary light source emits light with a wavelength between 400 nm and 550 nm. This allows in particular a high yield biomass production of algae cells chosen from the genus Tetraselmis, the genus Chlorella and the genus Emiliania preferably the species Emiliania huxleyi. In practice, LEDs are used, of which approximately 90% of the photons have a wavelength between 400 nm and 550 nm.
- the secondary light source emits light with a wavelength between 590 nm and 750 nm. This allows in particular a production in high yield biomass of algae cells chosen from the genus Dunaliella preferably the species Dunaliella satina, the genus Synechococcus and the genus Euglena.
- a subject of the invention is also a process for the production of microalgae comprising the successive exposure of a cell culture consisting of algae cells to phases of direct exposure to main incident light and phases sheltered from said main incident light, characterized in that the cell culture is further exposed to actinic light during at least some of the phases sheltered from said main incident light so as to inhibit the pigment synthesis of at least some of said cells 'algae.
- This process makes at least some of the algae cells transparent.
- actinic light is light with a wavelength between 400 nm and 550 nm. This makes it possible to act on the pigmentation of certain cell species of algae, and in particular on microalgae chosen from the genus Tetraselmis, the genus Chlorella and the genus Emiliania, preferably the species Emiliania huxleyi.
- actinic light is light with a wavelength between 590 nm and 750 nm. This makes it possible to act on the pigmentation of certain algal cell species, and in particular on the microalgae chosen from the genus Dunaliella, preferably the species Dunaliella satina, the genus Synechococcus and the genus Euglena.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the chlorophyll a content of exposed algal cells of Emiliania huxleyi to lights of different colors;
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the chlorophyll a content per unit of cellular carbon of Dunaliella satina exposed to lights of different colors
- FIG. 3 shows a graph of pigment ratios as a function of the PUR variation rate (%) in Dunaliella satina exposed to lights of different colors
- Figure 4 shows a device according to the invention
- Figure 5 shows a biomass productivity diagram
- Figure 6 shows a thickness diagram of biofilms
- Figures 7, 8 and 9 show alternative embodiments of the device of the invention.
- Figure 10 shows a comparative biomass productivity diagram.
- microalgae In all culture systems there is generally a tank or a basin filled with a culture medium. It is conventionally an aqueous medium.
- the microalgae are either dispersed in the culture medium or fixed on a support which is at least partially immersed in the culture medium.
- Microalgae can be described as a cell culture made up of algae cells.
- W02015007724 discloses a process in which the total duration of the phases in the shade is 50% greater than the total duration of the phases of exposure to sunlight.
- the Applicant has discovered a way of surprisingly modifying this system and thereby increasing the yield of biomass production.
- microalgae are photosynthetic species.
- Microalgae cells need light to proliferate.
- a wavelength light strongly absorbed by microalgae is necessary to obtain a high growth rate. In practice, this is sunlight or lights containing at least wavelengths in blue and in red.
- microalgae in phototrophic condition, it is necessary to provide, beyond the light, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur or silica for diatoms in particular, oligo- elements and vitamins. In the presence of the necessary nutrients in the culture medium, the microalgae can then initiate the photosynthesis, which essentially consists in converting light energy by metabolizing CO2 and thus producing oxygen and algal biomass (organic matter of microalgae).
- the microalgae form a cluster of cells regularly distributed on the support.
- a carpet type or disc type (Algaedisk) support cf. Blanken, W., Janssen, M., Cuaresma, M., Libor, Z., Bhaiji, T., & Wijffels, RH (2014), Biofilm growth of Chlorella sorokiniana in a rotating biological contactor based photobioreactor - Biotechnology and bioengineering, 111 (12), 2436-2445.
- the microalgae form a biofilm on the surface of the support. The thickness of the biofilm increases with the growth of cell culture, that is to say more particularly with the cell division of algae cells.
- the biofilm can be seen as a plurality of superimposed cellular layers.
- the layers are embedded in a complex polymer structure.
- the first layer of cells is formed by the algae cells on the support and in direct contact with it.
- the microalgae cells constituting this first layer multiply by cell division and then form a second layer of algae cells above the first layer.
- the second layer in turn divides and thus generates a third layer on top of the second layer, and so on. As cell divisions progress, the thickness of the biofilm increases.
- Self-shading phenomenon has a negative influence on the growth of cell culture. It is characterized by the fact that the cells on the surface, that is to say of the upper layers, shade the cells situated in the lower layers with respect to the light source. The cells in the lower layers then do not receive enough light to proliferate. Productivity drops drastically.
- biomass harvesting in the support systems must be done as soon as the biofilm has reached a certain thickness, preferably between 100 and 200 ⁇ m. This increases the number of steps and costs in the production process.
- Supported production systems include a primary light source to provide the light necessary for photosynthesis.
- This source may for example be the sun or a lamp generating artificial light.
- Microalgae cells close to the main source are exposed to an excess of photons compared to the amount of photons required to carry out photosynthesis.
- This excess of photons leads to a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency. It is a dissipation of energy called non-photochemical dissipation (in English: non-photochemical quenching).
- the phenomenon of non-photochemical dissipation is described in particular in the publication Non-Photochemical Quenching. A Response to Excess Light Energy - Müller et al., Plant Physiol, 2001, vol. 125, no. 4: 1558-1566.
- An excess of photons can also cause degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus, called photoinhibition.
- the cells in the upper layer (s) of the biofilm absorb the majority of photons from the main light source. A large part of the photons of the incident light then fail to penetrate deep into the biofilm to supply light to the cells of the lower layers. Consequently, a light gradient is created which has a harmful effect on the production of biomass. Indeed, the cells of the lower layers are found more or less in the dark because the light does not penetrate deep into the biofilm. Carbon fixation by photosynthesis then no longer compensates for energy losses through cellular respiration, which is based on the degradation of sugars which have been synthesized during photosynthesis.
- microalgae production systems comprising a support present a problem of light overexposure of the cells on the surface of the biofilm (close to the main light source), and a problem of under-exposure of the cells located deep in the biofilm.
- the Applicant has developed a microalgae production device which solves this problem.
- She studied the absorption by microalgae of light at various wavelengths. She noticed, not without surprise, that some of these lights have an actinic effect on algae cells, that is to say an effect which acts on the metabolic chemistry of the cells.
- wavelengths of light act on the pigmentation of microalgae.
- depigmentation has been observed on several strains of microalgae.
- discoloration of the algae cells which results in the cells becoming transparent.
- transparent cells cells having lost at least 20% of pigments belonging to the group of chlorophylls or to the group of carotenoids.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the chlorophyll a content (attomoles per cell: 10 18 moles / cell) of algae cells of the class of prymnesiophyceae (species Emiliania huxleyi) exposed to lights of wavelengths corresponding to a blue light, white light, green light and red light - Garrido, JL, Brunet, C., & Rodriguez, F. (2016), Pigment variations in Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP370) as a response to changes in light intensity or guality, Environmental microbiology, 18 (12), 4412-4425.
- prymnesiophyceae species Emiliania huxleyi
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the chlorophyll a content (attomoles per cell: 10 18 moles / cell) of algae cells of the class of prymnesiophyceae (species Emiliania huxleyi) exposed to lights of wavelengths corresponding to a blue light, white light, green
- the exposure of Emiliania huxleyi cells was carried out for each light at two distinct intensities: the strong one (HL) at 426 ⁇ 60 pmol.m 2 s 1 ; the other weak (LL) at 16 ⁇ 2 pmol.m 2 s _1 .
- the wavelength for blue light is 455 nm, for red light 617 nm and for green light 537 nm.
- the light intensity was between 250 and 450 pmol / m 2 / s in continuous light.
- Exposure to blue light makes it possible to reduce the content of chlorophyll pigments in algae cells of the species Emiliania huxleyi.
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the chlorophyll a content (grams of chlorophyll a / grams of carbon) of algae cells of the class of Chlorophyceae (species Dunaliella salina) exposed to lights of wavelengths corresponding to a light blue, white light, red light and green light for experiments performed with constant absorbed light (PUR) - Combe C., Guantitative and gualitative effects of light on the growth of microalgae in dense culture and on their production of molecules of interest: towards the optimization of microalgae production processes, doctoral thesis, Pierre and Marie Curie University, 2016.
- PUR constant absorbed light
- the wavelength for blue light is 455 nm, for red light 617 nm and for green light 537 nm.
- the light intensity was between 250 and 450 pmol / m 2 / s in continuous light.
- Exposure to red or blue light makes it possible to reduce the content of chlorophyll pigments in algae cells of the species Dunaliella satina.
- Figure 3 shows the percentage increase in the carotene / chlorophyll a (A) and chlorophyll a / carbon (B) ratios as a function of the PUR variation rate (%) in Dunaliella satina cultivated under lights of wavelengths corresponding to blue light (denoted B), white light (denoted W), green light (denoted V) and red light (denoted R).
- PUR photosynthetic usable radiation
- Exposure to red and blue lights reduces the pigment content of the algae cells of the Dunaliella satina species.
- the Applicant has formulated the postulate according to which a biofilm constituted at least partially of algae cells with reduced pigmentation (or "transparent" according to the definition above) no longer has, or almost no longer, the disadvantages of self-shading . This is due to the fact that algae cells with reduced pigmentation allow at least part of the photons from the main incident light to pass through. Each layer of cells, including the lower layers of the biofilm, then receive light from the main light source.
- the Applicant takes advantage of the so-called "shade" phases as described in WO2015007724. That is to say the phases during which the cells are not directly exposed to the main light source. More particularly, these are the phases during which the cells are located in areas in which the light received by the cells is of a light intensity less than or equal to 50% of the overall light intensity coming from the light source main. This applies to the overall photon flux, whatever the nature of the main light (therefore independently of the incident spectrum).
- the time during which cells remain in the shade is not necessarily greater than the time during which the cells are exposed to the main light.
- the phase time of the cells in the shade can be equal to the time of the phase of the exposure of the cells to the main light. In other embodiments, the phase time of the cells in the shade may be less than the phase time of the exposure to the main light.
- the device of the invention comprises a mobile support which has at least two portions.
- the mobile support is arranged in a basin comprising a culture medium.
- the support is further arranged so that the first of the two portions is exposed directly to a main light source and forms an exposure section, and the second of the two portions is not exposed directly to the main light source .
- portion directly exposed to the main light source is meant a portion exposed to the photons emitted by the main light source. This portion is generally facing the main light source and receives the light necessary for photosynthesis. In other words, during the exposure section the microalgae capture the light energy necessary for carrying out photosynthesis.
- a portion which is not exposed directly to the light source is meant a portion at least partially sheltered from photons coming from the main light light. The cells crossing this section therefore receive little or no photons coming directly from the main light source.
- the light intensity coming from the main light source is less than or equal to 50% of the overall light intensity from this source.
- the light intensity coming from the main light source is close to 0 pmol / m 2 / s or zero.
- the device is arranged so that the second portion is exposed to light capable of inducing depigmentation of the algae cells. It is an actinic light which acts on metabolic chemistry (or regulatory pathways) so as to inhibit pigment production.
- the second portion of the mobile support thus forms an inhibition section.
- the inhibition of pigment production can be partial or total. Partial inhibition results in down regulation of pigment synthesis. For example by blocking, decreasing or slowing down the transcription of the genes which are at the origin of the synthesis of pigments. The quantity of pigments produced in the cells is therefore reduced.
- the device To expose the cells to this actinic light, the device includes a light source other than the main light source.
- This source is here qualified as a secondary light source.
- the secondary light source is arranged to emit actinic light in the direction of the inhibition section so as to inhibit the synthesis of pigment and make at least some of the algae cells transparent.
- FIG. 4 shows a device 10 according to the invention.
- the device comprises a basin 12 and a support 14 circulating in the basin 12 and on which microalgae cells develop forming a biofilm.
- the basin 12 comprises an aqueous culture medium 22.
- the basin 12 is open in its upper part so that the surface 16 of the aqueous medium 22 is exposed to the main light source 18 (here the sun).
- the main light source 18 emits light with a light intensity lo of about 400 to 2000 pmol / m 2 / s depending on the weather conditions.
- the surface 16 extends over the entire open part of the basin 12.
- the basin 12 is a masonry tank.
- the basin may be a natural body of water such as a lake, pond, or marine bay in particular.
- the tank 12 can also be a tank of a bioreactor.
- the device further comprises a movable support 14.
- the movable support 14 is formed of a strip enclosed in a loop on itself. It is guided by a set of turning and guiding rollers 20.
- the rollers are two in number and arranged respectively near the edges of the basin 12. At least one of the rollers is motorized to drive the support 14.
- the movable support 14 is formed by a mat having mechanical strength.
- the surface of the support 14 on which the algae cells of the first layer of the biofilm are fixed is preferably a hydrophobic and rough support having cavities and / or microcavities.
- the support 14 has sufficient flexibility to support the passage on the rollers. It is also resistant to light, in particular to ultra-violet rays.
- the material of the support 14 is chosen so that its possible deterioration does not affect the metabolism of the cells.
- the mobile support comprises, in the example described here, two portions: a first portion 24 and a second portion 26.
- the support can comprise a plurality of portions.
- the rollers 20 are mounted so that their respective main axes are substantially parallel to the surface 16 of the aqueous medium 22.
- the first portion of the movable support 14 circulates so as to form a generally horizontal plane between the first roller 20 and the second roll from the opposite edge.
- the first portion is disposed above the surface 16 of the aqueous medium.
- the first portion circulates in atmospheric air (or if necessary in controlled air when the device 10 is placed in a greenhouse).
- the first portion is immersed in the aqueous medium 22, for example a few centimeters below the surface 16.
- the mobile support is the object of a reversal by each roller so that the second portion 26 of the mobile support 14 also circulates in a generally horizontal plane between the first roller and the second roller on the opposite edge.
- the second portion is arranged below the surface 16 of the aqueous medium. The second portion is therefore immersed in the aqueous medium 22.
- the first portion 24 is directly exposed to the light coming from the main light source 18.
- the second portion 26 is not directly exposed to the light coming from the main light source 18.
- the first portion 24 forms a section of exposure to the main light source 18 and the second portion 26 forms a section sheltered from the main light source 18.
- the device comprises one or more secondary light sources 28.
- Each secondary light source 28 is arranged to emit actinic light in the direction of the section which is sheltered from the main light source 18. In this way, the cells located on the mobile support 14 and traversing the section sheltered from the main source are exposed to actinic light coming from the secondary light sources 28. Actinic light acts on cell metabolism and inhibits pigment synthesis. At least some of the algae cells become at least partially transparent. The section sheltered from the main light source 18 is therefore qualified as an inhibition section.
- the secondary light source or sources 28 may in particular be light-emitting diodes or optical fibers.
- At least one of the portions is directly exposed to light from the primary light source and at least one of the portions is exposed to actinic light from the secondary light source.
- the secondary light source 28 is arranged to emit light of light intensity less than or equal to 30% of the average light intensity received by the exposure section or sections.
- the main light source is solar and emits a light intensity lo of 2000 pmol / m 2 / s the secondary light source 28 emits light of light intensity l act less than or equal to 600 pmol / m 2 / s.
- the secondary light source 28 is arranged to emit light of luminous intensity l act less than or equal to 300 pmol / m 2 / s. This greatly reduces energy costs.
- the secondary light source 28 is arranged to emit light of light intensity l act between 5 and 300 pmol / m 2 / s and preferably between 30 pmol / m 2 / s and 120 pmol / m 2 / s, and preferably around 50 pmol / m 2 / s.
- the main light source 18 is preferably a natural source having a wavelength between approximately 400 nm and approximately 800 nm with a light intensity greater than 400 pmol / m 2 / s. In this way energy costs are further reduced.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for the production of biomass of algae cells chosen from the genus Tetraselmis, the genus Chlorella and the genus Emiliania, preferably the species Emiliania huxleyi.
- the device 10 comprises a secondary light source which emits light of wavelength between 590 nm and 750 nm.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for the production of biomass of algae cells chosen from the genus Dunaliella, preferably the species Dunaliella satina, the genus Synechococcus and the genus Euglena.
- Example 1 The mobile support 14 of a device 10 as described above is inoculated with a cell culture consisting of algae cells of the genus Tetraselmis.
- the rotation speed of the rollers 20 is between 0.01 and 0.9 m / s. Preferably there are three times more areas not directly exposed to the incident light than exposed areas.
- the main light source 18 is an artificial light with a luminous intensity of 400 pmol / m 2 / s.
- the secondary light source 28 In a first experiment (I) the secondary light source 28 is inactive, ie extinguished. In a second experiment (II), the secondary light source 28 emits light of wavelength between 400 nm and 550 nm at the same location as the main light source (exposure section). And, in a third experiment (III), the secondary light source 28 emits light of wavelength between 400 nm and 550 nm at the level of the inhibition section.
- FIG. 5 shows the productivity diagram for each experiment. Subjecting the algae cells to blue actinic light on the sections away from the main light source has a positive effect on productivity. The productivity in experiment III is almost doubled compared to experiment I.
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the thicknesses of the biofilms of the three experiments I, II and III.
- the biofilm obtained in experiment III is thicker than those obtained in experiments I and II.
- Biomass production is increased by subjecting algae cells to blue actinic light on sections sheltered from the main light source.
- Example 2 Under the same experimental conditions, algae cells of the genus Chlorella were cultivated. The above productivity results have been confirmed.
- Example 3 In another embodiment, the mobile support 14 of a device 10 is inoculated with a cell culture consisting of algae cells of the genus Dunaliella.
- the experimental conditions are analogous to Example 1, with the difference that the secondary light source 28 emits light of wavelength between 590 nm and 750 nm.
- the examples demonstrate the increase in biomass yield when the cells are successively exposed to white light from a main light source and to actinic light from a secondary light source.
- the fact that photons can penetrate the bottom of the biofilm means that the self-shadowing phenomenon no longer manifests itself, or almost no longer.
- the thickness of the biofilm can thus increase without being forced to harvest the algae cells regularly.
- the stages of the production process are reduced, as are the costs.
- Figures 7 to 9 show other embodiments of the device 10 of the invention.
- the movable support 14 of Figure 7 is fully immersed in the aqueous medium.
- the first portion 24 is therefore placed in the aqueous medium below the surface 16.
- FIG. 8 shows a mobile support 14 of disc type.
- This type of support is sometimes called Algaedisk.
- a first portion 24 of the movable support 14 emerges from the aqueous medium 22, while a second portion 26 is immersed in the aqueous medium 22.
- the first portion 24 is exposed directly to a main light source 18 and forms a section of exposure
- the second portion 26 is not exposed directly to the main light source and forms a section of inhibition by its exposure to actinic light emitted by a secondary light source disposed at the bottom of the basin 12.
- the disc spins on itself to alternate the phases of exposure to light coming from the main source and the phases of exposure to actinic light coming from the secondary light source.
- Figure 9 shows an installation described in detail in W02015007724. Beyond what is described in this document, the installation further comprises an actinic light source 28 disposed at the bottom of the basin 12 and on the walls of the latter.
- the invention can also be defined as a device for producing microalgae comprising a basin containing an aqueous medium and a mobile support capable of receiving a cell culture made up of algae cells, which mobile support is at least partially immersed in the aqueous medium and has at least two portions, characterized in that the mobile support is arranged in the basin so that the first of the two portions is exposed to sunlight or white artificial light coming from outside the basin and forms a section d exposure, and the second of the two portions is not exposed directly to said sunlight or said white artificial light and forms an inhibition section, the device further comprising an actinic light source arranged to emit actinic light towards of the inhibition section so as to inhibit the synthesis of pigment and make at least some of the algae cells transp arentes.
- the invention can also be defined as a device for producing microalgae comprising a basin containing an aqueous medium and a mobile support capable of receiving a cell culture consisting of algae cells, which mobile support is at least partially immersed in the aqueous medium and has at least a first portion and a second portion, characterized in that the movable support is arranged in the basin so that the first portion is exposed directly to a main light source and forms an exposure section, and the second portion is not exposed directly to the main light source and forms an inhibition section, the device further comprising a secondary light source arranged to emit actinic light in the direction of the inhibition section so as to inhibit synthesis pigment from cell culture cells exposed directly to said actinic light.
- an actinic light is a non-photosynthetic light. That is to say an actinic light according to the invention is a light which is not capable of triggering the process of photosynthesis in the whole of a microalgae cell culture. Actinic light alone does not trigger cell growth and / or the production of microalgae biomass. More particularly here, an actinic light is a light whose average intensity is less than or equal to the intensity of compensation of photosynthesis.
- an actinic light is a light triggering the inhibition of the synthesis of pigments. Note, however, that this actinic light can, in rare cases, trigger the process of photosynthesis in cells isolated from a culture of microalgae. This isolated phenomenon of photosynthesis does not however have an effect on the increase in biomass or cell growth in general.
- the device is arranged so that the average light (or average lighting) is substantially at the level of the photosynthesis optimum, and so that the actinic light is substantially below the compensation threshold.
- the term “average light” is understood here to mean the average light received by the cells, or else the average light received per unit of biofilm. Those skilled in the art know how to identify the optimum photosynthesis and the compensation threshold.
- the Applicant has further studied the configuration of the actinic light of the invention with a view to obtaining satisfactory inhibition, or even total inhibition, of the synthesis of microalgae pigments.
- the device comprises a mobile support having a first portion and a second portion.
- the first portion forms the exposure section on which the microalgae cells are exposed directly to the main light, that is to say to the photosynthetic light capable of triggering photosynthesis in the algae cells.
- the microalgae cells are not exposed directly to the main light. More specifically, on the second portion, the algae cells are mainly in the dark.
- this surface S corresponds almost completely to the surface of the first portion of the mobile support exposed to the main light.
- I intensity of light triggering photosynthesis.
- this surface S corresponds almost completely to the surface of the first portion of the mobile support exposed to the main light.
- the total light can be measured and / or defined in the system of the invention.
- Blue light l b * has a wavelength between 400 nm and 800 nm, preferably about 460 nm +/- 50 nm.
- the surface S b * is a surface sheltered from the main light source. In other words, surface S b * is not exposed directly to the main light source. This surface is therefore defined on the second portion as described above. It is a sub-portion of the second portion. In this embodiment, the surface S b * forms the inhibition section.
- the photon flux of non-photosynthetic light (Q b ) brought to the surface S b * by blue light l b * is defined as follows:
- P is the ratio between actinic light and total light.
- the belt rotation speed is 0.07 m / s.
- Lighting with photosynthetic light (by means of the main light source) is done over a length of 2 m and over the entire width of the carpet. 200 pmol / m 2 / s
- the lighting with actinic light takes place over a length of 0.1 m and over the entire width of the carpet. m 2 / s ol / s
- the belt rotation speed is 0.2 m / s.
- the lighting with photosynthetic light (by means of the main light source) is done over a length of 20 m and over the entire width of the carpet.
- the lighting with actinic light (by means of the secondary light source) is done over a length of 2 m and over the entire width of the carpet.
- the belt rotation speed is 0.02 m / s.
- Lighting with photosynthetic light (by means of the main light source) is done over a length of 2 m and over the entire width of the carpet.
- the lighting with actinic light (by means of the secondary light source) is done over a length of 0.5 m and over the entire width of the carpet.
- the device of the invention is arranged so that the ratio (P) between the actinic light (non-photosynthetic) and the light coming from the main light source (photosynthetic light ) is less than or equal to 8%:
- the ratio P is between 3% and 7%. And, in a particularly preferred embodiment the ratio P is from about 3% to about 3.5%. This drastically increases the production of biomass.
- the present invention can be defined as follows:
- Device for producing microalgae comprising a basin containing an aqueous medium and a mobile support capable of receiving a cell culture consisting of algae cells, which mobile support is at least partially immersed in the aqueous medium and has at least a first portion and a second portion, in which the movable support is arranged in the basin so that the first portion is exposed directly to a main light source and forms an exposure section, and the second portion is not exposed directly to the source of main light and forms an inhibition section, the device further comprising a secondary light source arranged to emit actinic light in the direction of the inhibition section so as to inhibit the pigment synthesis of at least some of said algae cells , and in which the ratio P between actinic light and total light is less than or equal to 8%, preferably comprising is between 3% and 7%, and more preferably between about 3% and about 3.5%.
- the method of the invention can be defined as follows:
- Process for the production of microalgae comprising the successive exposure of a cell culture made up of algae cells to phases of direct exposure to a main incident light and phases sheltered from said main incident light, characterized in that the cell culture is further exposed to actinic light during at least some of the phases away from said main incident light so as to inhibit the synthesis of pigment and make at least some of the algae cells transparent, in which the ratio P between actinic light and total light is less than or equal to 8%, preferably between 3% and 7%, and more preferably between approximately 3% and approximately 3.5%.
- a microalgae culture is carried out with the device of the invention under the following conditions: ⁇ Main light source: culture system positioned outdoors, in a greenhouse, under real culture conditions;
- Actinic light wavelength max. 463 nm +/- 70 nm;
- Luminous intensity of actinic light ⁇ 100 pmol / m 2 / s at 10 cm;
- Figure 10 shows the results.
- the biomass harvest is higher using actinic light (blue light).
- the device of the invention considerably increases cell growth and thus the yield of biomass.
- Productivity is measured in g / m 2 biofilm / day over a period of 70 days in total.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1860614A FR3088649B1 (fr) | 2018-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Dispositif de production de microalgues |
PCT/EP2019/081386 WO2020099590A1 (fr) | 2018-11-16 | 2019-11-14 | Dispositif de production de microalgues |
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EP19802177.6A Withdrawn EP3880783A1 (fr) | 2018-11-16 | 2019-11-14 | Dispositif de production de microalgues |
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US (1) | US20220010249A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3880783A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2019378078A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3118469A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3088649B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020099590A1 (fr) |
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FR1356955A (fr) | 1962-12-22 | 1964-04-03 | Procédé et dispositif de mesure au moyen d'hyperfréquences | |
AU2014250606B2 (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2016-06-02 | Proterro, Inc. | Photobioreactor for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms |
KR20140040212A (ko) * | 2011-06-13 | 2014-04-02 | 에이엘-쥐 테크놀로지즈 아이엔씨. | 조류 바이오매스의 생산 및 수거를 위한 고정화 조류의 사용 방법 및 제품 |
WO2013063075A2 (fr) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Heliae Development Llc | Systèmes et procédés permettant de faire croître des organismes photosynthétiques |
FR3008420B1 (fr) | 2013-07-15 | 2020-01-31 | Inria Institut National De Recherche En Informatique Et En Automatique | Procede et installation de production de micro-algues |
-
2018
- 2018-11-16 FR FR1860614A patent/FR3088649B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-11-14 CA CA3118469A patent/CA3118469A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-11-14 EP EP19802177.6A patent/EP3880783A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-11-14 WO PCT/EP2019/081386 patent/WO2020099590A1/fr unknown
- 2019-11-14 US US17/294,300 patent/US20220010249A1/en active Pending
- 2019-11-14 AU AU2019378078A patent/AU2019378078A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CA3118469A1 (fr) | 2020-05-22 |
WO2020099590A1 (fr) | 2020-05-22 |
AU2019378078A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
FR3088649B1 (fr) | 2021-07-02 |
FR3088649A1 (fr) | 2020-05-22 |
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