Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
  • C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
  • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
  • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
  • C03B13/08—Rolling patterned sheets, e.g. sheets having a surface pattern
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
  • C03C2204/08—Glass having a rough surface
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
  • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
  • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
  • C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
  • C03C2217/48—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific function
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
  • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of glazing with high transparency, in particular for the manufacture of horticultural greenhouses.
• glazings which exhibit both a high light transmission and preferably a high scattering of incident light (for example as measured by the level of blur, most often called haze according to the English term) are particularly suitable for entering the constitution of greenhouses.
• the glasses used in the construction of greenhouses consist of float glass, preferably extra-clear glass (like the Diamant TM glass of the applicant company).
• glazing with a smooth surface is mainly used because of their strong light transmission.
• a smooth surface is a surface for which the surface irregularities are smaller than the wavelength of the radiation incident on the surface, so that the radiation is not deflected by these surface irregularities.
• the incident radiation is then very essentially transmitted in a specular (or regular) manner by the surface so that incident radiation on the glazing with a given angle of incidence is transmitted by the glazing with a transmission angle depending on the angle of incidence.
• specular transmission implies that an incident ray is transmitted in the form of a single ray.
• a transmitted ray always includes a diffuse component, the latter being however negligible in the case of a so-called specular transmission and of a smooth surface.
• most glazing has a smooth surface on both sides and thus a high light transmission. They are obtained from flat float glass (also known as “float” glass), the float process consisting in pouring the glass ribbon out of the oven onto a bath of metal such as tin.
• float glass also known as “float” glass
• Such smooth-surface glazing by virtue of its specular transmission, has the drawback of concentrating the light rays transmitted at hot spots located in the greenhouse. Certain types of crops can suffer from the existence of such hot spots and / or inhomogeneous lighting within the greenhouse.
• Textured glasses have been proposed, on the contrary configured to diffuse and distribute the light evenly inside the greenhouse, which implies a positive impact for horticultural production as indicated above. Indeed, the diffusion effect avoids hot spots on the plants and allows better penetration of light in all areas of the greenhouse and ultimately obtaining more homogeneous lighting. In such glazing, it is sought this time to obtain a hemispherical light transmission (TLH, sometimes denoted THEM) as high as possible, the TLH being in this case the transmission averaged over several angles of incidence. For each angle of incidence, the entire light intensity passing through the glazing is measured whatever the angle of emergence.
• TSH hemispherical light transmission
• the applicant company has thus already developed a textured glass intended more particularly for use for horticultural greenhouses, as described in patent application WO2016 / 170261.
• the texturing of the glazing has thus been adapted to such use, and in particular makes it possible to obtain a high blur, while keeping a TLH substantially equal to that of an identical glass but devoid of texture.
• a texturing is voluntarily applied on the glass substrate in order to diffuse the light through the greenhouse and to avoid the concentrations of light at certain points inside the greenhouse (see page 1 lines 3-15 of WO2016 / 170261).
• Textured glasses such as those described in WO2016 / 170261 have the drawback, however, of having generally a lower light transmission compared to the same non-textured glass, which is opposed to the primary function sought for a glass with high light transmission for horticultural production.
• certain current extra-clear glasses in particular those of the Albarino® type sold by the applicant company, can be obtained by a lamination process.
• such a method is the only one making it possible to obtain extraclear glasses having a very low linear absorption coefficient of wavelengths between 300 and 800 nm, at a low cost, in particular a very low absorption coefficient.
• rolling is meant a process in which the glass is obtained by a manufacturing process by plastic deformation. This deformation is obtained by continuous compression of the glass in a softened state between two cylinders. It is known that such a process results in the appearance of defects visible to the naked eye which greatly affect the perceived quality of the glazing by the end user.
• the object of the present invention is thus to provide a laminated glazing having a surface appearance without apparent defects, and providing under external solar radiation and / or under auxiliary radiation, optimal light transmission and suitable radiation, in particular of length wave essentially between 600 and 750 nm, for the equipment it protects such as a greenhouse.
• the present invention relates to a laminated glass article, comprising at least one extra-clear glass substrate, having first and second main faces, said substrate having on one of said main faces a relief texture, said texture being such that its average slope Pm is greater than 0.5 ° and less than or equal to 7 °, limits included, preferably less than or equal at 5 °, terminals included, said substrate further comprising at least one layer comprising phosphors on one of said main faces of said glass substrate, or phosphor particles dispersed on one of said main faces of said glass substrate, said phosphors being made up of 'A material converting at least part of the incident radiation outside said glazing, in particular solar radiation, into radiation extracted by at least one other main face or a section of said glazing.
• the phosphor emits main radiation centered on a wavelength between 600 and 750 nm.
• the layer comprising phosphors or said phosphor particles is / are deposited on the main face of said substrate having said texture.
• the layer comprising phosphors or said phosphor particles is / are deposited on the opposite main face of the substrate having said texture.
• the glass article consists of a laminated structure from two substrates linked by a particularly plastic interlayer, preferably PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or an adhesive, the phosphor being included in said interlayer sheet or deposited on the surface of this one.
• a particularly plastic interlayer preferably PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or an adhesive
• a first substrate is made of extra-clear glass and the other substrate is also made of extra-clear glass or alternatively of another material, in particular a plastic which can be rigid or flexible.
• This second plastic material is for example made of polycarbonate, PMMA
• the glass article comprises two substrates of extra-clear glass, at least one of the substrates having on at least one of its faces turned outwards a relief texture, said texture being such that its average slope Pm is greater than 0, 5 ° and less than or equal to 7 °, limits included, said two substrates being linked by a layer of a plastic material such as PVB, said layer comprising said phosphor or said phosphor being deposited on the surface of said plastic layer.
• a plastic material such as PVB
• the glass article has a texture on two sides, the average slope of at least one texture, preferably of the two textures, being between 0.5 ° and 7 °, limits included in particular between 0.5 ° and 5 °, terminals included.
• the average slope of the texture is between 0.5 ° and 3 °, limits included, especially between 0.5 ° and 2 °, limits included.
• the average slope of the texture is between 3 ° and 7 °, limits included, especially between 3 ° and 5 °, limits included.
• the substrate is made of a mineral glass, comprising less than 0.030%, in particular less than 0.020%, or even less than 0.015% of iron oxide, expressed as Fe 2 03.
• the linear absorption at 650 nm of the glass substrate (s) is less than 2 nrr 1 , preferably less than 1 nrr 1 , or even less than 0.5 nrr 1 .
• the substrate has the following mass composition, limits included:
• the invention also relates to a light concentrator comprising a glass article as described above and at least one photoelectric device arranged on the opposite face of the substrate having said texture or on a edge of said article.
• the light concentrator can comprise a glass article as described above and at least one external light source such as an LED device, arranged along a section of the glass substrate, said source providing a lighting function for the section of said substrate, the latter constituting a guide from said light to the phosphor.
• an external light source such as an LED device
• the light concentrator comprises a glass article as described above, at least one external light source such as an LED device, disposed on a first edge of the glass substrate and at least one photoelectric device arranged on the opposite face of the substrate having said texture or on a edge of said article.
• the glazing may also include one or more anti-reflective layers to increase light transmission (TLH).
• the anti-reflective coating can be deposited on one or both sides of the glazing, and in particular on the non-textured side. This anti-reflection effect can be obtained by depositing a layer or several layers forming a stack, by chemical attack or any other suitable technique.
• the anti-reflective effect is chosen to be effective at wavelengths 400-700 nm.
• An anti-reflection coating (anti-reflection layer or stack of anti-reflection effect layers) generally has a thickness in the range from 10 to 500 nm.
• Such antireflection layers are in particular advantageously chosen from layers of porous silicon oxide, in particular of the type of those described in the publication WO2008 / 059170.
• the invention is useful for acting as glazing allowing light to pass through greenhouses for horticulture, but could also be applied to other applications requiring high light transmission and suitable lighting such as a horticultural greenhouse but also a veranda, a lobby, public space.
• the invention relates, however, first of all to a horticultural greenhouse equipped with at least one glazing as previously described.
• a luminescent solar concentrator for a greenhouse comprising a laminated glass substrate, the specific composition of which allows the whole of the incident radiation crossing it over long distances through the glass matrix, with in particular the possibility of internal reflections on the surface of the substrate, without significant absorption of the radiation passing through.
• the texturing of the glass is also configured to maintain an ideal guiding capacity in the sense described above, in combination with said composition, while visually masking surface defects, and possibly providing a diffusing effect.
• the concentrator modifies the wavelength of part of the incident light, which in particular makes the part absorbed and then re-emitted more efficient for growing crops.
• the transparent substrate comprises a relief texture on at least one of its two main faces, such as:
• the average slope Pm in degrees of this textured face is greater than 1 ° and less than 5 °, limits included, and
• each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pnrn, Pnri2).
• Each slope Pnrn, Pnri2 can have an average slope between 0.5 ° and 7 °, limits included, in particular between 0.5 and 5 °, limits included.
• each slope Pnrn, Pnri2 is greater than or equal to 0.5 ° and less than or equal to 3 °, limits included.
• at least one of said textures has an average slope greater than or equal to 0.5 °, the sum of the slopes Pnrn, Pnri2 being greater than 0.5 °.
• the slope at a point on the surface of a sheet designates the angle formed between the tangent plane at this point and the general plane of the substrate.
• the measurement of the slope at a point is carried out from the measurement of the variation in height in the vicinity of this point and relative to the general plane of the substrate.
• the average slope Pm of the surface is determined from the measurement of slopes at points distributed over a surface according to a square mesh of period 20 pm.
• the devices or profilometers
• the measurement of the average slope Pm of the surface is determined from the measurement of slopes at points distributed over a square mesh of period 20 micrometers. We then calculate the average of the slope of all these points.
• patterns are preferably produced whose size is of the order of 100 micrometers to 3 millimeters, in particular from 500 micrometers to 2 millimeters.
• size is meant the diameter of the smallest circle containing the pattern.
• the texture patterns can be parallel linear patterns like parallel prisms or be patterns that can fit in a circle like cones or pyramids.
• the patterns of the texture have for example an average depth (or average height) of between approximately 5 and 50 micrometers, on the basis of the same measurement conditions as described above and according to standard IS04287 (1997).
• the substrate is made of mineral glass and thus has high mechanical strength. It preferably comprises iron oxide in a total weight content (expressed as Fe 2 C> 3) of at most 0.030%, in particular at most 0.020%, or even 0.015%, and is preferably of the silico- soda-lime.
• Fe 2 C> 3 less than 0.030%, preferably less than 0.020%, more preferably less than 0.015%.
• the present characteristics relate in particular to extra-clear type glasses, and more particularly to the Albarino TM glass matrices, sold by Saint-Gobain.
• These glass substrates have the advantage of having a light transmission greater than 90.5%, again preferably greater than 90.8%, still preferentially greater than 91.0%, still preferentially greater than 91.2%, still preferentially greater than 91.4% for a glass thickness of 4 mm, or even for a thickness of 6 mm . They are thus distinguished from so-called “clear” glasses whose light transmission is generally less than 90%.
• the light transmission is measured in% according to standard NF EN410-2011 (illuminant D65; 2 ° Observer) with a Lambda950 TM spectrometer from Perkin Elmer.
• the rolling is carried out in such a way that at least one of the metal cylinders has a textured surface which corresponds to the negative of the texture to be obtained on at least one face of the glass.
• the patterns of the texture are for example bumps or prisms such as cones or pyramids, which can for example be registered at the base of the substrate in a circle.
• the relief patterns (texture) can come from holes / cavities / pits made, generally in the form of circles, formed on the surface and in the thickness of the substrate, and obtained by rolling rolls having relief shapes.
• the texture is preferably obtained during the rolling of the material constituting the substrate between two rollers, a first roller being with a smooth surface and a second roller being with a textured surface, or the two rollers being with a textured surface.
• the rolling is hot, in particular in a temperature range from 800 to 1300 ° C.
• the rolling manufacturing process allows the use of the specific glass compositions described above having a very low absorption coefficient of solar radiation and in particular of its visible part situated between 380 and 800 nm, even though these same compositions with low absorption cannot be used in the float process because they are incompatible with the tin bath used in such a process.
• the lamination process for obtaining smooth glass is not particularly popular in areas where the visual aspect of the glazing is important because it generally generates localized but very visible surface defects.
• This drawback is however overcome by my use of a substrate according to the present invention.
• the weak texture printed on the substrate has the effect according to the invention of masking any localized surface defects, with in the end obtaining a visual appearance of the textured laminated glazing close to that obtained for a smooth glass obtained. by a float process.
• the phosphors according to the present invention can be of any type: they can in particular be organic compounds such as organic luminescent dyes or minerals. Examples of such compounds are for example described in the publication US 8,674,281 B2 (in particular column 12), this list being of course not exhaustive.
• FIG. 1 represents a schematic sectional view of a first example of a glass article according to the invention comprising a textured substrate comprising a single textured face, as obtained by rolling;
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a second example of glass article according to the invention comprising a textured substrate on one side, as obtained by rolling;
• Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a third example of a glass article according to the invention comprising a set of substrates, one of which is textured on one side, at least said textured substrate being obtained by lamination and then bonded by a plastic sheet such as PVB in a structure called laminated.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a possible embodiment of a concentrator according to the invention, comprising the glass article according to FIG. 2, making it possible to describe its operation.
• FIG. 5 is a photograph of a top view of an example of texture according to the present invention.
• the textured substrate 1 in the figures is made of a silica-soda-lime mineral glass with a very low coefficient of linear absorption of visible solar radiation, in particular a glass sold under the reference AlbarinoT TM by the applicant company and of thickness between 3 and 6 mm, obtained by hot rolling between two rollers, the upper roller of which has a smooth surface, while the lower roller has a textured printing surface.
• the substrate 1 according to FIG. 1 has its first textured face 10, and its second opposite planar face 11.
• the raised patterns of the textured face 10 correspond to the negative patterns of the textured surface (printing patterns) of the roll.
• the patterns of the face shown diagrammatically in section in FIG. 1 are formed by a multiplicity of a succession of pyramidal patterns with an irregular base as described in application WO2016 / 17026 and obtained using a roller comprising the negative. such reasons.
• a layer 4 of a material such as an inorganic material transparent to light, a sol-gel compound transparent to light or even a plastic material transparent to light is deposited on the non-textured side of the glass substrate.
• This layer further comprises phosphors converting part of the incident light into radiation of another wavelength more particularly suited to the desired use, in particular a wavelength between 600 and 750 nm which is suitable for growth. optimal plants.
• FIG. 2 The mode illustrated by FIG. 2 is identical to that of FIG. 1, but the layer comprising the phosphors is this time placed on the textured face of the substrate.
• the interlayer may consist of a layer of glue.
• the phosphor is included in the interlayer sheet or deposited on the surface thereof.
• the substrate 1 is made of extra-clear glass and the substrate can also be made of extra-clear glass or any other material, in particular a rigid or flexible plastic.
• This second substrate can in particular consist of a film which can be unwound on the surface of the first substrate and the interlayer sheet.
• the second substrate is covered with the phosphor layer on the side of its face in contact with an intermediate sheet. The deposition of the phosphor layer on the surface of the interlayer is thus carried out in a simple and economical manner.
• FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of an embodiment of the invention concerning a solar concentrator incorporating a glass article according to FIG. 2.
• the operation described below remains essentially identical if the configurations illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 3 replace that of FIG. 2.
• Part of the incident solar radiation (illustrated by the arrow 5 in FIG. 4) is transmitted and diffused by layer 4.
• This part of the incident solar radiation, corresponding to the absorption band of the phosphor is converted via the phosphor into radiation of different wavelength more suited to the intended use.
• Another part 8 of the incident sunlight ie the rays whose wavelength is not located in the absorption band of the phosphor) is directly transmitted and passes through the substrate without transformation glassmaker towards the interior of the greenhouse.
• the radiation returned by the phosphor particles is re-emitted isotropically and can undergo several internal reflections on the glass surface until it reaches the opposite surface of the substrate to be extracted there.
• the path of a light radiation re-emitted in the glass is illustrated by the dotted arrows 6.
• the texturing of the substrate thus has the primary effect of masking the imperfections of the laminated surface but it also makes it possible concomitantly, thanks at its low average slope Pm, effectively conserving the light beam in the glass by successive internal reflections on its surface, the composition of the glass being further adjusted to greatly limit its absorption, in particular at the emission wavelength of the phosphor.
• photovoltaic cells 7 are affixed to the opposite surface 11 of the substrate or on its edge so as to recover the radiation passing through the glass (from directly or absorbed then re-emitted) and thus obtain an additional source of energy which can in particular then be used for the proper functioning of the greenhouse, in particular its heating.
• An economical light concentrator is thus obtained, which guarantees optimum lighting of the greenhouse and this at a wavelength radiation adjusted to the optimal development of the plants.
• the use of a luminescent concentrator and the optimization of the spectral range of the incident light, as explained previously, can be combined with a laminated glass using a specific formulation as described above.
• the texture of low average slope makes it possible to mask the point defects due to the process, but is sufficiently weak to allow the propagation of the light without significant loss over a long length of the glazing.
• the choice of a lower average slope of the texture appears to be an efficient and simple means of distributing the light emitted by the phosphors between the possible photovoltaic cells. present on the surface of the glazing and crops (see Figure 4).
• preference will be given to such low average slopes of the texture, so as to bring the radiation to said cells via the non-absorbent glass matrix.
• an extra-clear glass substrate sold by the applicant company under the reference Albarino is manufactured by rolling.
• the substrate is textured using a printed roller on an outside face.
• the texture constituted by a repetition of pyramidal patterns with an irregular base in recesses of different sizes as illustrated in Figure 5, the depth being the difference in height between the lightest and darkest points of the figure.
• the texture depth is around 25 micrometers.
• the average texture slope as measured by a MIME profilometer, using chromatic confocal technology, is 1 °.
• an acrylate layer containing a phosphor sold under the reference Lumogen F Red 300 sold by the company BASF is deposited on the rough side of the extra-clear laminated glass, with a volume ratio of around 10%.
• the layer absorbs incident sunlight whose wavelength is between 480 and 600 nm, with a maximum absorbance at 578 nm (in yellow). The light is re-emitted in a band centered on a wavelength of 618 nm.
• strips of photovoltaic material polycrystalline silicon
• the procedure is the same as for Example 1 but in order to benefit from maximizing this time the diffusion of light directly towards the interior of the greenhouse, an average slope of the texture is printed equal to 5 °, with a 5 times greater depth of the patterns, the overall geometry of the texture remaining identical. In this case, only 6W / m 2 is produced via the photovoltaic devices.
• the light re-emitted in the red is approximately twice as important, and more than compensates for the loss of light transmission due to the absorption of phosphors and the presence of cells, by allowing a more efficient growth of cultures, while producing some energy.
• a glazing unit is obtained which is capable of being advantageously used in horticultural greenhouses.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)

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• 2018
  • 2018-11-16 FR FR1860581A patent/FR3088634B1/fr active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-11-14 WO PCT/FR2019/052712 patent/WO2020099797A1/fr unknown
  • 2019-11-14 EP EP19835444.1A patent/EP3879969A1/de active Pending

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