EP3879035A1 - Meeresfundament, anordnung, verwendung eines meeresfundaments und verfahren zur installation und deinstallation eines meeresfundaments - Google Patents

Meeresfundament, anordnung, verwendung eines meeresfundaments und verfahren zur installation und deinstallation eines meeresfundaments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3879035A1
EP3879035A1 EP20162902.9A EP20162902A EP3879035A1 EP 3879035 A1 EP3879035 A1 EP 3879035A1 EP 20162902 A EP20162902 A EP 20162902A EP 3879035 A1 EP3879035 A1 EP 3879035A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
marine foundation
base
cavity
foundation
marine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20162902.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jarl KAILA
Jyrki LOULA
Jarmo NORDBERG
Toni LEPPÄNEN
Miikka LINDROOS
Jouni PELTOMAA
Matti REPOLAHTI
Petri TÄHKÄNEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pori Offshore Constructions Oy
Original Assignee
Pori Offshore Constructions Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pori Offshore Constructions Oy filed Critical Pori Offshore Constructions Oy
Priority to EP20162902.9A priority Critical patent/EP3879035A1/de
Publication of EP3879035A1 publication Critical patent/EP3879035A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/0017—Means for protecting offshore constructions
    • E02B17/0021—Means for protecting offshore constructions against ice-loads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/02—Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0065—Monopile structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a marine foundation.
  • the present invention relates to an arrangement comprising a marine foundation and an object.
  • the present invention relates to a use of a marine foundation.
  • the present invention relates to a method of installing a marine foundation.
  • the present invention relates to a method of de-installing a marine foundation.
  • marine foundations in which the marine foundation structure is made by pile-driving the framework structure submerged in water to the bottom.
  • the use of one large pile anchored or submerged to the bottom is known as a different alternative.
  • a third alternative is to transport to the installation site or to manufacture on site a massive foundation structure of steel and/or concrete, onto which a construction or object can be joined above the water surface.
  • EP 1402119 B1 discloses a marine foundation structure comprising a shell structure which is thin in relation to the diameter of the structure.
  • the shell structure is filled with soil.
  • Document EP 2930273 B1 further discloses a gravity based marine foundation.
  • a marine foundation capable of being easily transported, installed and de-installed without use of special heavy equipment such as jack-up vessels and the like.
  • the equipment required for transportation, installation and de-installation of the marine foundation should be moderately priced standard equipment.
  • Certain embodiments of the marine foundation should be capable of being used in arctic weather conditions.
  • the marine foundation should be further capable of being manufactured in industrial scale. Additionally, certain embodiments of the marine foundation should be capable of being used as a foundation for an offshore wind energy power plant.
  • a marine foundation comprising a polygonal base, a perimeter wall having a plurality of sides protruding from the base to a polygonal cover, thus forming a shell structure having a cavity, a hollow structure extending through an opening in the cover to the base, and wherein within the cavity a plurality of compartments is formed by inner walls extending from at least two edges to the hollow structure, wherein each edge is formed between two adjacent sides of the perimeter wall.
  • an arrangement comprising a marine foundation according to any one of claims 1-11 and an object coupled to a coupling section of the hollow structure of the marine foundation.
  • the object comprises a wind energy power plant, a light house, a seamark, a part of a bridge, or a marine structure.
  • a marine foundation according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein an object is coupled to a coupling section of the hollow structure of the marine foundation.
  • a method of installing a marine foundation comprising providing at an installation site a floating marine foundation comprising a polygonal base, a perimeter wall having a plurality of sides protruding from the base to a polygonal cover, thus forming a shell structure having a cavity, a hollow structure extending through an opening of the cover to the base, and wherein within the cavity a plurality of compartments is formed by inner walls extending from at least two edges to the hollow structure, wherein each edge is formed between two adjacent sides of the perimeter wall, and filling the cavity at least partially with ballast in order to lower the base of the marine foundation to a seabed.
  • a method of de-installing a marine foundation comprising providing at a de-installation site a semi-submerged marine foundation comprising a polygonal base, a perimeter wall having a plurality of sides protruding from the base to a polygonal cover, thus forming a shell structure having a cavity, a hollow structure extending through an opening of the cover to the base, and wherein within the cavity a plurality of compartments is formed by inner walls extending from at least two edges to the hollow structure, wherein each edge is formed between two adjacent sides of the perimeter wall, and removing ballast from the cavity in order to change the state of the marine foundation to a floating state.
  • a marine foundation and a method of installing a marine foundation are provided.
  • the design of the marine foundation is such that land-based construction of the marine foundation can take place, for example at a harbour or shipyard, and then the floating marine foundation can be towed to a sea-based installation site prior to installing it at the installation site by ballasting the marine foundation.
  • a jack-up vessel comprising a crane or similar other heavy equipment is not required at the installation site for installation of the marine foundation.
  • the marine foundation is typically mainly built on land.
  • the marine foundation may be finalized when being positioned at the bottom at a quay. In other words, the marine foundation is typically not built in a floating condition.
  • the design of the marine foundation according to certain embodiments is further such that the marine foundation is able to float even in shallow waters prior to installation. This is of importance in case that the marine foundation has to be towed to the final installation site via shallow waters.
  • Installation at the installation site by changing the state of the marine foundation from a floating state to a semi-submerged state can take place utilizing ballast water.
  • the cavity of the marine foundation may be completely filled with ballast water or with ballast water and pressurized air.
  • de-installation of the marine foundation for example 20 years after installation, is possible by removing ballast water or any other sort of ballast present in the shell structure. This may, for example, take place utilizing pressurized air and/or pumps.
  • sand, gravel or material capable of being pumped may be present instead or in addition to water in the shell structure. Consequently, transportation, installation and de-installation of the marine foundation can take place quickly, safely, reliably, easily and cost-efficiently without that use of special heavy equipment is required.
  • the equipment required for transportation, installation and de-installation of the marine foundation is moderately priced standard equipment such as tugs, pumps, means for providing pressurized air, etc.
  • the structure of the marine foundation is further strong enough to allow towing.
  • only minor preparation of the seabed has to be carried out prior to installation of the marine foundation.
  • only a gravel layer has to be provided on the seabed prior to installation of the marine foundation.
  • the design of the marine foundation is such that a low accuracy in gravel layer tolerances is sufficient for installation of the marine foundation. Consequently, pre-treatment of the seabed can be carried out quickly, cost-efficiently and with standard equipment such as a dredger or an excavator positioned on a lighter or barge.
  • there is no preparation of the seabed required at all prior to installation of the marine foundation For example, it may not be required to drive a pile or to pre-treat moraine by exploding when installing a seamark.
  • the marine foundation in accordance with the present invention is further easily scalable depending on its intended use. Certain embodiments of the present invention may be used in connection with installation of objects such as offshore wind energy power plants, lighthouses, seamarks, marine structures or as structures of a bridge.
  • a wind energy power plant can be coupled to the marine foundation e.g. in a harbour prior to towing the combined unit including the marine foundation and the wind energy power plant to the installation site.
  • the state of the combined unit is then changed from a floating state to a semi-submerged state as described above.
  • heavy installation equipment is not required at the sea-based installation site and the wind energy power plant can be installed quickly, safely, reliably, easily and cost-efficiently.
  • the marine foundation is capable of being used in arctic weather conditions due to arrangement of an ice protector or an ice shield.
  • each side of the perimeter wall is inclined at an angle to a horizontal plane in a range between 45° and 80° and even more preferably in a range between 45° and 70°.
  • marine foundation includes an offshore foundation, an inshore foundation to be installed near the coastline as well as a foundation structure to be installed in rivers and lakes.
  • polygonal means a geometric form having a number of corners, for example a triangular form, a quadrangular form, a hexagonal form, or an octagonal form.
  • the number of corners can be three or more.
  • the polygonal form is symmetrical.
  • the expression "material capable of being pumped” is used.
  • said material includes water.
  • said expression also includes other material that can be transported from one position to another position utilizing pumps.
  • the expression further includes material that cannot be transported from one position to another position utilizing only pumps, but also material that can be transported from one position to another position utilizing pumps and an additive which creates the pumping capability of the material during the pumping process.
  • Such an additive may be, for example, water.
  • FIGURE 1 a schematic perspective view of a part of a marine foundation 1 in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated.
  • the shown marine foundation 1 comprises a hexagonal base 2, a perimeter wall 3 having six sides 11, i.e. outer walls, protruding from the base 2 to a hexagonal cover (not shown), thus forming a shell structure.
  • the hexagonal base 2 and the hexagonal cover are symmetrical to provide a shell structure that can be uniformly loaded with ballast.
  • the sides 11 are typically, but not necessarily, planar.
  • the base 2 and the cover 4 are typically planar. Between two adjacent sides 11 an edge 10 is formed.
  • the shell structure is typically made of concrete. Within the shell structure formed by the base 2, the perimeter wall 3 and the cover a cavity 5 is formed.
  • a hollow structure extends through an opening (not shown) of the cover to the base 2.
  • a plurality of compartments 8 is formed by inner walls 9 extending from each edge 10 formed between two adjacent sides 11 of the perimeter wall 3 to the hollow structure 6.
  • the inner walls 9 are typically also made of concrete.
  • the number of sides 11 is different than the number of inner walls 9, i.e. the number of compartments 8 is not necessarily linked to the shape of the perimeter wall 3 or the base plate 2.
  • the base 2 may be quadrangular
  • the cover 4 may be quadrangular and two compartments 8 are formed within the cavity 5 by two inner walls 9.
  • Each side 11 of the perimeter wall 3 comprises a plurality of first profiles 12 arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other.
  • each side 11 of the perimeter wall 3 is reinforced by the first profiles 12.
  • the first profiles 12 are orientated in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the Earth's normal, i.e. in a horizontal direction.
  • the first profiles 12 are comprised by the sides 11 of the perimeter wall 3 or attached to each inner side 13 of the perimeter wall 3.
  • the sides 11 may comprise a plurality of connector plates (not shown) to which the first profiles 12 are welded, for instance.
  • the first profiles 12 typically extend along the entire width of each side 11 of the perimeter wall 3.
  • the first profiles 12 may be T-shaped profiles, for instance.
  • the first profiles 12 may be, for example, made of steel.
  • each inner wall 9 comprises a plurality of second profiles 14 arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other.
  • each inner wall 9 of the perimeter wall 3 is reinforced by the second profiles 14.
  • the second profiles 14 are orientated in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the Earth's normal, i.e. in a horizontal direction.
  • the second profiles 14 are comprised by or attached to only one side of each inner wall 9.
  • second profiles 14 may also be present on both sides of each inner wall 9.
  • the inner walls 9 may comprise a plurality of connector plates (not shown) to which the second profiles 14 are welded, for instance.
  • the second profiles 14 typically extend along the entire width of each inner wall 9.
  • the second profiles 14 may be T-shaped profiles, for instance.
  • the second profiles 14 may be, for example, made of steel.
  • the marine foundation 1 comprises within each compartment 8 at least one stiffening element 15 extending from an inner side 13 of the perimeter wall to at least one inner wall 9.
  • a plurality of stiffening elements 15 extend within each compartment 8 from a side 11 of the perimeter wall 3 to one inner wall 9.
  • the stiffening elements 15 provide stability to the shell structure and the inner walls 9 of the marine foundation 1.
  • the stiffening elements 15 may be, for example, in the form of pipes or hollow cylinders.
  • the stiffening elements 15 may be, for example, made of steel.
  • each stiffening element 15 is welded to a first profile 12 and a second profile 14.
  • a footprint of the base 2 is greater than a footprint of the cover 4, i.e. a surface area of the base 2 is greater than a surface area of the cover 4. Consequently, each side 11 of the perimeter wall 3 is inclined at an angle relative to the horizontal plane. Each side 11 of the perimeter wall 3 may be inclined at an angle to a horizontal plane in the range between 45° and 90°, for example 75°. As a result, the marine foundation 1 is able to float even in very shallow waters when the cavity is filled with air or pressurized air.
  • the marine foundation 1 typically comprises at least one connector or valve (not shown) for filling at least a part of the cavity 5 with ballast such as (sea-) water or material capable of being pumped in order to install the floating marine foundation 1 at a desired installation site. Typically, ballast is then simultaneously guided into each of the compartments 8 of the marine foundation 1 for reaching final installation depth, i.e. the marine foundation 1 is gravity based.
  • the marine foundation 1 further comprises at least one connector or valve configured to guide pressurized air into at least a part of the cavity 5, preferably into each of the compartments 8. In the semi-submerged state the cavity 5 of the marine foundation 1 may be completely filled with ballast such as water, water and pressurized air, or material capable of being pumped.
  • the marine foundation 1 typically comprises at least one connector or valve for emptying at least a part of the cavity 5 from ballast such as (sea-) water or material capable of being pumped. Water can also be removed using a pump and/or pressurized air in order to de-install the floating marine foundation 1. Typically, ballast is then simultaneously guided out of each of the compartments 8 of the marine foundation 1 until the marine foundation 1 is floating again.
  • ballast such as (sea-) water or material capable of being pumped. Water can also be removed using a pump and/or pressurized air in order to de-install the floating marine foundation 1.
  • ballast is then simultaneously guided out of each of the compartments 8 of the marine foundation 1 until the marine foundation 1 is floating again.
  • the form of the base 2 and/or the cover 4 may also be circular according to certain embodiments.
  • the shell structure typically has a circular cross-section.
  • manufacturing a shell structure having a circular-cross section is more complex than providing a polygonal base 2 and a polygonal cover 4 separated by a plurality of planar sides 11 of the perimeter wall 3.
  • FIGURE 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of a detail of a marine foundation in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated.
  • Six inner walls 9 are connected to a hollow structure 6.
  • the hollow structure 6 may comprise at least one ring 20 for stiffening the hollow structure 6.
  • the at least one stiffening ring 6 is typically arranged within the hollow structure 6.
  • the hollow structure 6 is typically arranged in the center of the polygonal base (not shown).
  • the inner walls 6 are connected within the cavity to an outer surface 17 of the hollow structure 6, thus forming a plurality of compartments 8.
  • FIGURE 3 a schematic view of another detail of a marine foundation in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated.
  • a plate 21 or ring is arranged outside of the hollow structure 6.
  • the plate 21 is typically made of steel and welded to the hollow structure 6.
  • a concrete layer 22 is then made in such a way, that the plate 21 is embedded in or covered by the concrete layer 22, i.e. a concrete layer surrounding the hollow structure 6 is made above the cover 4.
  • the cover 4 is further reinforced by several first beams 23.
  • the first beams 23 are typically arranged within the cavity 4 in horizontal direction.
  • the first beams 23 are typically made of steel. Between the cover 4 and the first beams 23 an additional steel cover 25 may be arranged.
  • second beams 24 are integrated at an end of each inner wall.
  • the second beams 24 extend from the base to the plate 21 in vertical direction.
  • the second beams 24 are typically made of steel.
  • the second beams 24 are welded to the hollow structure 6, to the first beams 23, to the steel cover 25 and to the plate 21, i.e. the second beams 24 extend into the concrete layer 22. Manufacturing takes place by welding the parts made of steel prior to forming the concrete cover 4 and the concrete layer 22.
  • the described construction avoids or at least reduces the risk of fatigue failure in the area of the opening in the cover 4.
  • FIGURE 4 a schematic perspective view of a detail of a marine foundation 1 in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated.
  • the hollow structure 6 extends through an opening 7 in the cover 4.
  • the hollow structure is typically in the form of a hollow cylinder made of metal or a metal alloy, for example steel.
  • the dimensions of the hollow structure 6 depend on various parameters such as water depth, height of the tide, intended use of the marine foundation 1 and size of the marine foundation 1 as such.
  • An ice protector or ice shield 17 is connected to the hollow structure 16 outside of the cavity.
  • the ice shield 17 may be, for example, in the form of a conical ring.
  • the ice shield 17 is typically made of steel and welded to the hollow structure 6. The position and the dimensions of the ice shield 17 depend on various parameters such as water depth, height of the tide, and size of the marine foundation 1 as such.
  • FIGURE 5 a schematic perspective view of an arrangement comprising an object 18 and a marine foundation 1 in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated.
  • the shown object 18 is a wind energy power plant.
  • the object 18 is coupled to the marine foundation 1 at the upper end of the hollow structure 6 comprising a coupling section 19.
  • the coupling section 19 may, for example, comprise a flange for attachment of the object 18.
  • the shell structure of the marine foundation 1 may be covered with soil, gravel and/or stones in order to provide further stability.
  • a wind energy power plant can be coupled to the marine foundation floating e.g. in a harbour prior to towing the combined unit including the marine foundation and the wind energy power plant to the installation site.
  • the marine foundation 1 is configured to change its state from a floating state to a semi-submerged state and reverse.
  • the cover 4 and a part of the hollow structure 6 are located above the water surface.
  • the combined unit is partially submerged into a semi-submerged state.
  • the semi-submerged state only a part of the hollow structure 6 is located above the water surface, i.e. the base 2, the perimeter wall 3 and the cover 4 forming the shell structure are submerged completely below the water surface.
  • the combined unit can be de-installed by changing the state back into the floating state and towing the combined unit to a land-based de-installation site.
  • heavy installation equipment is not required at the sea-based installation site and the wind energy power plant can be installed and de-installed cost-efficiently.
  • At least some embodiments of the present invention find industrial application in installation of marine foundations, for example installation of marine foundations for wind energy power plants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
EP20162902.9A 2020-03-13 2020-03-13 Meeresfundament, anordnung, verwendung eines meeresfundaments und verfahren zur installation und deinstallation eines meeresfundaments Pending EP3879035A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20162902.9A EP3879035A1 (de) 2020-03-13 2020-03-13 Meeresfundament, anordnung, verwendung eines meeresfundaments und verfahren zur installation und deinstallation eines meeresfundaments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20162902.9A EP3879035A1 (de) 2020-03-13 2020-03-13 Meeresfundament, anordnung, verwendung eines meeresfundaments und verfahren zur installation und deinstallation eines meeresfundaments

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EP3879035A1 true EP3879035A1 (de) 2021-09-15

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EP20162902.9A Pending EP3879035A1 (de) 2020-03-13 2020-03-13 Meeresfundament, anordnung, verwendung eines meeresfundaments und verfahren zur installation und deinstallation eines meeresfundaments

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006002780A1 (de) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Tiefbau-Gmbh "Unterweser" Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wasserbauwerks
GB2451191A (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-21 Peter Ronald Chambers Wind turbine mounting
EP2036814A2 (de) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-18 Jähnig GmbH Felssicherung und Zaunbau Metallskelett zur Errichtung unterseeischer Fundamente
EP2236676B1 (de) 2009-03-25 2012-09-19 Tiefbau-GmbH "Unterweser" Fundamentkörper für eine Windenenergieanlage
WO2014060650A2 (en) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Stx Finland Oy Offshore structure
EP1402119B1 (de) 2001-05-22 2016-04-27 Esa Eranti Fundament in wasser
EP2930273B1 (de) 2014-04-07 2018-05-09 Koninklijke BAM Groep N.V. Fundament auf schwerkraftbasis für eine offshore-anlage

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1402119B1 (de) 2001-05-22 2016-04-27 Esa Eranti Fundament in wasser
DE102006002780A1 (de) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Tiefbau-Gmbh "Unterweser" Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wasserbauwerks
GB2451191A (en) * 2007-07-18 2009-01-21 Peter Ronald Chambers Wind turbine mounting
EP2036814A2 (de) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-18 Jähnig GmbH Felssicherung und Zaunbau Metallskelett zur Errichtung unterseeischer Fundamente
EP2236676B1 (de) 2009-03-25 2012-09-19 Tiefbau-GmbH "Unterweser" Fundamentkörper für eine Windenenergieanlage
WO2014060650A2 (en) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Stx Finland Oy Offshore structure
EP2930273B1 (de) 2014-04-07 2018-05-09 Koninklijke BAM Groep N.V. Fundament auf schwerkraftbasis für eine offshore-anlage

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