EP3871849A1 - Machine and method for manufacturing a plate intended for making a wall or a floor - Google Patents

Abstract

Machine and method for the manufacture of a plate (1) intended to make a wall or a floor, comprising a shuttering (3) containing a material (4) capable of hardening in which wooden elements are embedded, the machine comprising a frame (21) movable in translation along a translation axis (A) and compression means (22) for compressing an extra thickness (12) of the material (4) capable of hardening projecting from an edge (8) ) of the formwork (3), the compression means (22) comprising a rule (25) connected to the frame (21) and movable in translation along the translation axis (A) relative to the frame (25).

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to the manufacture of a plate intended to make a wall or a floor, and more particularly a load-bearing wall.

State of the art

Currently, there are several ways to manufacture a plate intended to make a wall or a floor. In general, these plates are made from a material capable of hardening such as traditional concrete or mortar. Traditional mortar is a mixture of a binder, such as cement or lime, fine aggregates, such as sand, and water. Traditional concrete is a mixture of a binder, such as cement or lime, thick aggregates, such as gravel, and water. Generally, traditional mortar is rather liquid, and traditional concrete rather pasty. Conventionally, a traditional concrete is poured within a formwork, then the concrete located in the formwork is distributed and smoothed, more particularly the upper surface of the concrete, that is to say the visible surface of the concrete, is smoothed. concrete.

For example, a vibration and shaking compaction table is used. The compaction table supports the formwork and can vibrate. This equipment is different from that used to make cement tiles, in particular in their dimensions and in the technical elements used which are configured to work a material which has different characteristics. In the first place, the plates are formed with a concrete which contains a large quantity of water which encourages the use of a compacting plate.

You can also use a vibrating rule circulating above the formwork. The rule is connected to a movable frame in translation, via a suspension system. Vibrators are mounted on the rule in order to provide large frequency oscillations to the rule. This rule has a length greater than a width of the formwork and it abuts against the edges of the formwork at each oscillation.

Machines with blades rotating around a vertical axis can also be used to smooth a surface of the plate after the concrete has set.

Presses can still be used to compact concrete, but these presses are only used to make small plates.

The aforementioned means are suitable for traditional concrete or mortar which are sufficiently fluid, but they do not make it possible to effectively compact a concrete within which wooden elements are embedded, and which, unlike traditional concrete, has a lower fluidity .

We can cite the French patent application FR3084092 , which discloses a plate comprising a support made from a material capable of hardening in which are embedded wooden elements and beams introduced into housings provided within the support. But these plates are made from an assembly of joists and a support, which makes their manufacture complex.

Panels are currently manufactured from concrete in which wooden elements are embedded, to make noise walls. But these panels do not have sufficient compressive strength to make load-bearing walls or floors strong enough, especially for constructing multi-storey buildings.

Disclosure of the invention

An object of the invention consists in alleviating these drawbacks, and more particularly in providing means for producing plates from a material capable of hardening comprising wooden elements having sufficient compressive strength for the production of load-bearing walls. and resistant floors.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a machine for the manufacture of a plate intended to produce a wall or a floor, comprising a shuttering containing a material capable of hardening within which wooden elements are embedded, the machine comprising a frame movable in translation along a translation axis and compression means for compressing an extra thickness of the material capable of hardening projecting from an edge of the formwork.

The compression means comprise a rule connected to the frame and movable in translation along the axis of translation relative to the frame.

Thus a plate is provided, made from a material capable of hardening comprising wooden elements, which offers sufficient compressive strength to manufacture walls or floors intended for the construction of a multi-storey building. Such a plate is particularly compact. In addition, the machine makes it possible to limit human intervention and improves the yield and reproducibility for the manufacture of such a plate.

The machine may include a flexible element connecting the rule to the frame.

The rule is also movable in translation along an additional axis perpendicular to the translation axis, and the machine may include a stop placed below the rule to limit movement of the rule along the axis. additional.

The stop can be mounted mobile, on the frame, in translation along the additional axis.

The machine may also include means for leveling the extra thickness of the material capable of hardening.

Advantageously, the machine comprises a front part and a rear part relative to the translation axis, and in which the front part comprises the leveling means and the rear part comprises the compression means.

The edge of the formwork delimits a formwork surface, and the leveling means comprise blades mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation parallel to the formwork surface.

According to one advantage, the blades are mounted in a helix with respect to the axis of rotation.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a plate intended to make a wall or a floor, comprising a pouring, into a formwork, of a material capable of hardening within which elements in wood are drowned.

The method includes creating an allowance of the poured hardenable material, the allowance projecting from an edge of the formwork, leveling a surface of the created allowance, and compressing the leveled allowance.

This provides a rapid manufacturing process to implement, which improves the yield and reproducibility. In addition, it is possible to provide a prefabricated plate, which improves the control of the quality of the plate produced, compared to a plate built on site whose manufacturing process is constrained by, in particular, the external climate, such as for example rain which can slow down the setting and drying of the hardening material.

Compression of the leveled extra thickness can be carried out to obtain a compacted plate made of material capable of hardening, the plate having a thickness situated at the level of the edge of the formwork.

The edge of the formwork delimits a formwork surface and leveling can be performed by rotating blades about an axis of rotation parallel to the formwork surface.

Description of the drawings

• la figure 1, illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe d'un coffrage ;
• la figure 2, illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe d'une première étape d'un mode de mise en œuvre d'un procédé de fabrication d'une plaque selon l'invention ;
• la figure 3, illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe d'une deuxième étape du procédé ;
• la figure 4, illustre schématiquement une vue de côté et en coupe d'un mode de réalisation d'une machine selon l'invention mettant en œuvre une troisième étape du procédé ;
• la figure 5, illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe d'une quatrième étape du procédé ;
• la figure 6, illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe d'une cinquième étape du procédé ;
• la figure 7, illustre schématiquement une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'une partie avant d'une machine selon l'invention ;
• la figure 8 illustre schématiquement une vue de face et en coupe d'un mode de réalisation de la machine ;
• la figure 9, illustre schématiquement une vue de dessus de la machine illustrée à la figure 8 ; et
• la figure 10 illustre schématiquement une vue de côté et en coupe d'un autre mode de réalisation d'une machine selon l'invention mettant en œuvre une troisième étape du procédé.

Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementation of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

• the figure 1 , schematically illustrates a sectional view of a formwork;
• the figure 2 , schematically illustrates a sectional view of a first step of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a plate according to the invention;
• the figure 3 , schematically illustrates a sectional view of a second step of the method;
• the figure 4 , schematically illustrates a side view and in section of an embodiment of a machine according to the invention implementing a third step of the method;
• the figure 5 , schematically illustrates a sectional view of a fourth step of the method;
• the figure 6 , schematically illustrates a sectional view of a fifth step of the method;
• the figure 7 , schematically illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a front part of a machine according to the invention;
• the figure 8 schematically illustrates a front and sectional view of an embodiment of the machine;
• the figure 9 , schematically illustrates a top view of the machine illustrated on figure 8 ; and
• the figure 10 schematically illustrates a side view and in section of another embodiment of a machine according to the invention implementing a third step of the method.

detailed description

On the figures 1 to 6 , there is shown the main steps of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a plate 1 intended to produce a wall or a floor, in particular of a building. On the figures 4 and 7 to 9 , there is shown the elements of a machine 2 for the manufacture of such a plate 1. The plate 1 may be intended to produce a floor or a wall of a building, for example a partition or a wall, preferably a wall carrier. The plate 1 preferably has a generally parallelepipedal shape.

The process for manufacturing the plate 1 comprises an initial step of pouring S1, into a formwork 3, of a material 4 capable of hardening, as illustrated in figure 2 .

On the figure 1 , there is shown the formwork 3. The formwork 3 is a container which can contain the material 4 capable of hardening in the liquid or pasty state, so that the material 4 takes the form of an internal surface of the formwork 3, after hardening. The formwork 3 comprises a bottom 5 and a side wall 6. The side wall 6 has a first end 7 connected to the bottom 5, and a second end 8 free. The second end 8 is also called the edge of the formwork 3. In other words, the edge 8 of the formwork 3 corresponds to the free end of the side wall 6 of the formwork 3. Furthermore, the internal surface of the formwork 3 delimits a filling volume 9 of the formwork 3. The formwork comprising a bottom 5 extending in a first direction and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The side wall 6 extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the bottom. For example, the bottom defines a flat and horizontal face and the side wall 6 extends perpendicularly to the bottom.

On the figure 2 , there is shown an embodiment of the pouring step S1 of the material 4 capable of hardening within the formwork 3. The paste material 4 to be hardened is introduced into the formwork 3, filling the filling volume 9 , using a payment device 10.

The material 4 capable of hardening used to manufacture the plate 1 comprises a binder, for example a cement or lime, wooden elements 11 and water. In other words, the material 4 capable of hardening is a mixture which comprises a binder, water and wooden elements 11. Such a material 4 is also called wood concrete material 4. The wooden elements 11 are , for example, wood chips or aggregates. For example, the wood chips have a length between 5 and 100 mm, preferably between 20 and 60 mm. These wood chips may have a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 1 and 5 mm. The wood concrete material 4 is particularly pasty and less fluid than traditional concrete. The wooden elements are embedded in the mixture formed by the binder and water. Most of the wooden elements are completely surrounded by the mixture of binder and water.

Preferably, the material to be hardened 4 intended to be poured into the formwork 3 contains at least 10% by mass of wooden elements, preferably at least 15% or even at least 30%. It is advantageous that the material to be hardened 4 does not contain more than 50% by mass of wooden elements. Preferably, the material to be hardened has a density of between 750 and 1500 kg / m ³ . Preferably, the material to be hardened 4, in the fresh state, that is to say before hardening, comprises at least 250 liters of water to form 1000 liters of material to be hardened 4 which will be poured into the formwork 3. Below this water content, the fluidity of the mixture decreases which may require an increase in the treatment time to compact the mixture in the formwork 3.

On the figure 3 , there is shown a step of creation S2 of an extra thickness 12 of the wood concrete material 4 poured into the formwork 3. A volume of material 4 to be hardened is poured which is greater than the volume of the formwork 3 so that part of material to be hardened 4 is located beyond the side wall 6. The extra thickness 12 corresponds to an additional thickness with respect to the edge 8 of the formwork 3. In other words the extra thickness 12 comprises wood concrete material 4 located above the edge 8 of the formwork 3. It is also noted that the extra thickness 12 protrudes from the edge 8 of the formwork 3. In particular, the edge 8 defines a surface 13, called the formwork surface 13. The extra thickness 12 therefore corresponds to the wood concrete material 4 located above the formwork surface 3. In particular, after the creation step S2, the wood concrete material 4 contained in the formwork 3 comprises a first part in contact with the bottom 5 and the wall 6 of the formwork 3, and a second part located above the formwork surface 13. The first part has a thickness 14 ranging from the bottom 5 of the formwork 3 to the formwork surface 13. The second part corresponds to the added thickness 12 created. The creation S2 of the extra thickness 12 can be carried out by pouring the wood concrete material 4 over the edge 8 of the formwork 3.

On the figure 4 , there is shown a mode of implementation of a pre-leveling step S3 and a compression step S4. In general, the pre-leveling step S3 makes it possible to level a surface of the extra thickness 12. That is to say, the pre-leveling step S3 makes the surface of the extra thickness 12 created flat or more flat. . The pre-leveling step S3 makes it possible to obtain a leveled extra thickness 12, the thickness of which 15 is controlled. That is to say that after the pre-leveling step S3, the leveled extra thickness 12 has a relatively constant thickness 15 over a width of the formwork 3. The thickness 15 of the leveled extra thickness 12, noted thickness to be compressed 15, is located above the thickness 14 of the first part, that is to say above the side wall 6. In fact, before the pre-leveling step S3, the surface of the extra thickness 12 is irregular. The irregularity comes from the wood concrete material 4 which is not very fluid and which, after its pouring S1 and the creation of the extra thickness S2, reveals hollows and bumps on the surface. The pre-leveling step S3 makes it possible to distribute the wood concrete material 4 by filling in the hollows with the material 4 coming from the bumps. The pre-leveling step S3 makes it possible to avoid the lack of material, that is to say hollows, in the surface of the plate 1 that one wishes to obtain. The pre-leveling step S3 therefore makes it possible to obtain a relatively constant thickness to be compressed over a width of the formwork 3. Preferably, the pre-leveling step S3 is carried out before setting the wood concrete material 4. L The pre-leveling step S3 aims to homogenize the thickness of material 4 to be hardened over the entire surface of the formwork. In a particular embodiment, the pre-leveling step D3 reduces the average thickness of material 4 to be hardened. In other words, part of the volume of material poured into the formwork is removed during the homogenization of the thickness. In an alternative embodiment, the pre-leveling step S3 is not intended to reduce the average thickness deposited of material 4 in the formwork, but to homogenize this thickness. The pre-leveling step S3 keeps the extra thickness 12.

After the pre-leveling step S3, the compression S4 of the pre-leveled extra thickness 12 and generally of the entire thickness of the material 4 to be hardened is carried out. The compression S4 makes it possible to compact the first part of the wood concrete material 4. The compression S4 makes it possible to obtain a plate 1 having better resistance to compression. By leveling the material 4 to be hardened before performing the compression step, the compression ratio is homogenized in the volume of the plate 1 which then has more uniform mechanical performance from one end to the other.

The compression S4 of the material to be hardened 4 is preferably carried out to obtain a densification of between 5% and 10%. The compression makes it possible to eliminate part of the air-filled interstices in the volume of the material to be hardened 4 which is relatively pasty. The elimination of part of the air-filled interstices makes it possible to achieve better compressive strength once in the dry state. The compression also allows a better filling of the volume of the formwork which may make it possible not to use a vibrating table. The compression of the material to be hardened 4 in the formwork 3 also makes it possible to obtain better durability, that is to say better aging.

It is advantageous to use wooden elements which are non-circular or non-cubic. The wooden elements have a larger dimension in one direction. The compression step S4 makes it possible to orient the wooden elements on the external faces of the plate to be formed. It has been found that compression in the 5-10% range makes it possible to better close the external surface of the plate with the binder, which makes it possible to reduce the apparent roughness. It has been found that this also helps to increase the life of the plate.

Preferably, the formwork 3 has a bottom 5 whose dimensions are greater than the extension dimension of the side wall. For example, the formwork has a length and a width corresponding to the dimensions of the bottom 5 which are greater than the height of the formwork defined by the side wall 6. The application of a compression step directed substantially parallel to the direction of extension. side walls 6 improves the orientation of the elements. It is advantageous to compress the material to be hardened 4 in order to homogenize the distribution of the wooden elements in the formwork, which makes it possible to improve the bending strength of the plate.

On the figure 5 , there is shown an example of a plate 1 obtained after the compression step S4. The plate 1 has a final thickness 60 corresponding to the thickness of the first part 14, that is to say a final thickness 60 going from the bottom 5 of the formwork 3 to the formwork surface 13. In other words, the final thickness 60 of the plate 1 is located at the level of the edge 8 of the formwork 3. The extra thickness 12 has been compacted within the first part of the material 4. The final thickness after compression corresponds to the height defined by the wall lateral 6.

By compressing the wood concrete material 4, a plate 1 is obtained having better compressive strength. Such a plate 1 is particularly suitable for making load-bearing walls. Moreover, by compressing a leveled extra thickness 12 having a constant thickness, the compression ratio of the plate 1 obtained is controlled. The compression ratio can vary between 5 and 25%. Thus, for a plate 1 having a final thickness 14, the extra thickness 12 is leveled S3, to obtain a leveled extra thickness 12 having a constant thickness between 5 and 25% of the final thickness 14. The thickness of the extra thickness 12 is preferably between 5% and 25% of the height of the side wall 6.

On the figure 6 , there is shown the plate 1 obtained after hardening of the material 4, and after removal of the formwork 3.

On the figure 4 , there is shown an embodiment of a machine 2 particularly suitable for implementing the leveling S3 and compression S4 steps. The machine 2 comprises the formwork 3, a beam 20, a frame 21 and compression means 22. The beam 20 is mounted to move in translation along a translation axis A. In particular, the translation axis A is horizontal. For example, the beam 20 is mounted on wheels capable of rolling on the ground. The beam 20 is also movable relative to the formwork 3. More particularly, the frame 21 is mounted on the beam 20, above the formwork 3. The frame 21 is therefore movable in translation along the translation axis A The frame 21 is also movable relative to the formwork 3. Advantageously, the machine 2 comprises an adjustment system 24 mounted on the beam 20 and connected to the frame 21 by a link 40. The adjustment system 24 makes it possible to adjust a height of the frame 21 relative to the beam 20.

The compression means 22 are configured to compress the extra thickness 12 of the wood concrete material 4 protruding from the edge 8 of the formwork 3. According to one embodiment, the compression means 22 comprise a rule 25 connected to the frame 21 and mounted movably by with respect to the chassis 21. The term connected to the frame 21, the fact that the rule 25 is mechanically linked to the frame 21. The rule 25 is mounted mobile in translation along the translation axis A. The rule moves from one end to the other of the formwork 3 for squeeze material 4 to harden. The rule 25 partially covers the formwork 3 in a vertical direction to compress the material 4 to be hardened. The rule 25 extends along a first dimension smaller than the dimension of the formwork 2 in the direction of the translation axis. On the other hand, the rule extends from one end of the formwork to the other in a horizontal direction and perpendicular to the axis of translation A. The compression of the material to be hardened 4 is not carried out all at once but in at least twice 2 to compress the entire volume of material to harden 4 present in the formwork 3.

During compression, the rule 25 presses vertically on the material 4 to be hardened which reorganizes. Ruler 25 descends until the thickness of material 4 to be hardened corresponds to the height of side wall 6. Ruler 25 descends until it comes into contact or nearly in contact with the top of side wall 6. The material 4 to be hardened being blocked laterally by the side wall 6, a possible movement of material takes place along the translation axis A. In addition, the already compressed part of material 4 to be hardened being denser than the part to be compressed, the material preferably moves upstream of the rule 25. The material 4 to be hardened being dense and pasty, the material already compressed changes little with the subsequent stages of compression over the length of the formwork 3.

Preferably, the rule 25 is movable in translation along the translation axis A and movable in translation relative to the frame 21. It is advantageous that the frame 21 is functionally linked to the rule 25 so that the frame 21 drives the rule 25 moving along the translation axis A when the frame 21 is moved in translation in the direction of movement and the distance between the rule 25 and the frame 21 may change slightly. When the frame 21 is movable in translation along the translation axis A, the frame 21 causes the rule 25 to move along the translation axis A. Preferably, the rule 25 is connected to the frame 21 so as to be pulled by the frame 21 along the translation axis A. In general, the rule 25 is mounted free to move relative to the frame 21. That is to say, the rule 25 is mounted movably on the frame 21, in translation along the translation axis A and in translation along an additional axis B. The additional axis B is perpendicular to the translation axis A and to the bottom 5 of the formwork 3. More particularly, the additional axis B is vertical. Thus, the rule 25 is allowed maximum freedom of movement along the translation axes A and additional B. The rule 25 is connected to the frame 21, while being free to move relative to the frame 21. For example, the machine 2 comprises at least one flexible element 26 connecting the rule 25 to the frame 21 to form a flexible connection. A flexible element 26 can be a strap, a chain or a rope. The rule 25 comprises a compression surface 33 intended to be in contact with the extra thickness 12 of the material 4 capable of hardening, in order to compress the extra thickness 12.

In a particular embodiment, the rule 25 is placed on the material 4 to be hardened. The rule 25 is not supported by the frame 21. The mass of the rule 25 is insufficient on its own to achieve the compression of the material 4 to be hardened with the desired compression ratio. In other words, the rule 25 floats on the material 4 to be hardened. The rule 25 is moved by the frame 21, for example pulled by means of a mechanical connector. The mechanical connector is advantageously a flexible connector, for example a wire element chosen from a rope, a strap, a sling or even a chain.

The displacement of the frame 21 in the direction of advance causes the mechanical connector to be energized and causes the traction of the rule 25. On the other hand, the displacement of the frame 21 in the other direction does not necessarily result in a displacement of rule 25. In addition, the use of a flexible connector such as for example a wire element, facilitates the displacement of the rule 25 vertically with respect to the frame 21.

It is particularly advantageous to use a rule 25 which is always in contact with the upper surface of the volume of material 4 to be hardened present in the formwork 3. It has been observed that when the rule 25 is lifted vertically, part of the material 4 to be hardened which is in the pasty state adheres to the rule 25. Thus, the removal of the rule 25 results in a significant degradation of the surface condition. By moving the rule 25 from one end of the formwork to the other while remaining in contact with the upper face of the material 4 to be hardened, it is possible to compress the material in the pasty state while maintaining a good quality upper face. . It is advantageous to drag the rule from one end of the formwork to the other 3.

Thus, when the frame 21 is moved in translation along the translation axis A, the frame 21 pulls the rule 25 to translate it along the translation axis A. Further, since the rule 25 is mounted at the same time movable in translation along the additional axis B and movable in translation along the axis of translation A, the rule 25 can rise on the extra thickness 12 to compress it. Such maximum freedom of movement of the rule 25 offers compression means 22 suitable whatever the value of the thickness to be compressed 15.

Advantageously, the machine 2 comprises a vertical oscillation generator 27 mounted on the rule 25, so as to cause the rule 25 to oscillate up and down to promote the compression of the extra thickness 12. More particularly, the fact that the generator of vertical oscillations 27 is mounted on a rule 25 mounted free in movement, allows repeated shocks to be created on the surface of the extra thickness 12 to be leveled. The repeated shocks are created by jumps of the rule 25 which rests on the allowance 12. In addition, the weight of the rule 25 is added to the oscillations to improve the compression of the allowance 12. The weight of the rule 25 can be added to the oscillations. be chosen according to the height of the thickness to be compressed 15. The vertical oscillations generator 27 applies a vertical back and forth movement to the rule 25.

In a particular embodiment, the vertical oscillations generator is configured to perform movements having a vertical amplitude of at least 2cm, preferably at least 5cm and even more preferably at least 10cm or even at least 15cm.

It is particularly advantageous to use a generator of vertical oscillations which comprise arms which move the rule 25 at least in a vertical direction in order to obtain a large amplitude. The arms are connected to the beam 20 and preferably via the frame 21. Such an embodiment is illustrated on figure 10 .

It is also advantageous for the vertical oscillations generator to be configured to apply a compressive force with a frequency less than 30Hz, even more preferably less than 15Hz, or even less than 10Hz or less than 5Hz. It is also advantageous for the vertical oscillations generator to be configured to apply a compressive force with a frequency greater than 0.3 Hz. During each compression operation, it is also advantageous for the vertical oscillations generator to be configured to apply energy, on the material to be hardened 4 located in the formwork 3, greater than or equal to 30 Joules, and more preferably greater than or equal to 50Joules, i.e. during each compression cycle.

It has been observed that the application of an impact on the surface of the material to be hardened and with a low frequency favors the orientation of the wooden elements and the densification of the material compared to what is obtained with a rule equipped with a generator of vertical oscillations whose frequency is greater than 50Hz.

The rule 25 may include a front spatula to facilitate the translation of the rule 25 along the translation axis A. Preferably, the spatula is configured to level the material to be hardened 4. The spatula is placed upstream. of a compression wall of the rule 25. The compression wall and the spatula define an angle of between 20 ° and 70 ° or a rounding.

In a particular embodiment, the rule 25 jumps by means of the vertical oscillation generator 27 without resting on the frame 21 or on the side wall of the formwork 6 which compresses the material to be hardened in one or more stages until that the thickness of the material 4 to be hardened is equal to the height of the side wall 6.

The compression means 22 can be configured to perform a single compression, that is to say a single cycle of increasing and then decreasing the pressure in the material 4 to be hardened located under the rule 25 in order to reduce the thickness of the material. material 4 to be hardened up to the height of the side wall 6. Preferably, several consecutive compression cycles are carried out for the same position of rule 25, that is to say several back and forth movements of the rule 25 before moving the rule 25 to a new position in direction A. The compression of the volume of material to be hardened present in the formwork is effected by means of a plurality of vertical reciprocations of the rule 25.

In general, the machine 2 comprises a front part 30 and a rear part 31 relative to the translation axis A. The rear part 31 comprises the compression means 22. Advantageously, the front part 30 comprises leveling means 23. configured to level the extra thickness 12 of the wood concrete material 4. The leveling means 23 are located in front of the compression means 22, relative to the direction of movement of the frame 21, so as to perform the compression step S4 after the 'S3 pre-leveling step. This arrangement of the leveling means 23 makes it possible to perform the leveling step S3, then the compression step S4, in the same passage of the machine 2, that is to say during a movement of the machine. 2 in the same direction along the axis of translation A. Thus, the process for manufacturing the plate 1 is made faster. For example, the leveling means 23 comprise blades 32 mounted in rotation about an axis of rotation C. The axis of rotation C is preferably perpendicular to the translation axis A and perpendicular to the additional axis B. It is also noted that the axis of rotation B is parallel to the formwork surface 13, that is to say vertical. When the blades 32 are rotated, they level the surface of the extra thickness 12, in particular by projecting the material 4 coming from the bumps into the hollows in front of the leveling means 23. As illustrated in FIG. figure 4 , the progression of the frame 21 along the translation axis A, in the direction of movement, makes it possible to level the extra thickness 12, behind the leveling means 23, then to compress the leveled extra thickness 12, to obtain, behind of the rule 25, a plate surface 1 located at the level of the edge 8 of the formwork 3. Preferably, the blades 32 rotate in the direction which pushes the material upstream of the leveling means, that is to say towards the area not yet leveled or compressed.

More particularly, the adjustment system 24 makes it possible to adapt the distance between the leveling means 23 and the surface of the added thickness 12 created, as a function of the height of the thickness to be compressed 15 which is desired to be obtained.

On the figure 7 , there is shown an embodiment of the leveling means 23. According to this embodiment, the leveling means 23 comprise a cylinder 34 extending along the axis of rotation C. The cylinder 34 is rotatably mounted on the frame 21. The blades 32 are mounted on the cylinder 34 in a helix with respect to the axis of rotation C. In addition, the machine 2 can include a protective cover 35 to prevent projections of the material 4 outside the formwork 3 .

On the figures 8 and 9 , another embodiment of the machine 2 has been shown, and another embodiment of the compression step S4. In this embodiment, the machine 2 comprises a stop 50 placed below the rule 25 to limit a movement of the rule 25 along the additional axis B. The stop 50 can include one or more stop elements 51 , 52. Preferably, two stop elements 51, 52 are placed outside the formwork 3, on each side of the formwork 3. In particular, the stop elements 51, 52 are placed below the rule 25, that is to say below the compression surface 33 of the rule 25. Thus, the displacements of the rule 25 along the additional axis B are limited towards the low. During the compression step S4, the rule 25 can translate along the additional axis B, by the oscillations created by the vertical oscillation generator 27, and the rule 25 comes into contact against the stop elements 51, 52.

Advantageously, an upper surface of the stop elements 51, 52 is located above the formwork surface 13. Thus, the rule 25 does not press against the edge 8 of the formwork 3. This limits the wear of the formwork 3. and the noise related to the impact of the rule on the formwork 3.

According to this embodiment, and since the upper surfaces of the stop elements 51, 52 are located above the formwork surface 13, after the compression step S4, a plate 1 is obtained whose final thickness 60 exceeds the edge 8 of the formwork 3. In other words, the final thickness 60 of the plate is greater than the thickness of the first part 14. The final thickness 60 is very slightly greater than the height of the side wall 6 to take advantage of the compression by means of the side walls 6.

Furthermore, the stop elements 51, 52 can comprise a noise damping part 53. For example, the damping part 53 can be made of a flexible elastomeric material. The noise of the contact between the rule 25 and the stop elements 51, 52 is thus reduced. Preferably, the damping part 53 is deformed so that the rule is flush with the top of the side wall 6.

According to another advantage, the stop 50 is movably mounted on the frame 21. More particularly, the stop 50 is mounted movable in translation along the additional axis B. The stop elements 51, 52 can therefore be adjustable in height. It is thus possible to adapt the position of the stop 50 as a function of the final thickness 60 of the plate 1 that is to be obtained. It is noted that according to the embodiment illustrated in figure 4 , the stop 50 corresponds to the edge 8 of the formwork 3.

The machine which has just been described makes it possible to obtain a plate made of compact wood-concrete material having a final leveled surface, that is to say a regular surface. The regular surface makes it easier to later apply a plaster or paint on the plate.

Thus, a substantially compacted plate is provided which is particularly suitable for making walls, such as load-bearing walls.

Claims (14)

Machine for the manufacture of a plate (1) intended to make a wall or a floor, comprising: - a formwork (3) intended to receive a material (4) to be hardened, the formwork (3) comprising a bottom (5) extending in a first direction and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and a side wall ( 6) extending in a direction perpendicular to the bottom (5); - A frame (21) mounted movable in translation along a translation axis (A) relative to the formwork (3), the translation axis (A) extending in a substantially horizontal direction and secant to the first direction; - a rule (25) arranged to partially cover the material (4) to be hardened arranged in the formwork (3) in a vertical direction and extending from one edge to the other of the formwork (3) in the first direction, the rule (25) being mounted movable relative to the formwork (3) along the translation axis (A) and mounted movably vertically relative to the frame (21) and to the formwork (3); - rule displacement means (25) configured to move the rule (25) from one end to another end of the formwork (3) along the translation axis (A) and in a direction of movement; and - a vertical oscillations generator (27) fixed to the rule (25) and configured to apply at least one vertical back and forth movement to the rule (25) and compress the extra thickness (12) of the material (4) to be hardened projecting from the side wall (6), the vertical oscillations generator (27) making several vertical back and forth movements during the movement of the rule from one end of the formwork (3) to the other along the axis of translation (A). Machine according to Claim 1, in which a flexible connection connects the rule (25) to the frame (21), the flexible connection (26) being formed by a rope, a strap, a sling or a chain. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, comprising two stops (50) separated by the formwork, the rule (25) coming into contact with the two stops and in which, the two stops are mounted movably vertically so that the two stops prevent the rule from coming into contact with the side wall (6). Machine according to Claim 3, in which the stop (50) moves along the translation axis (A) in a fixed manner relative to the frame (21). Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the rule (25) comprises a spatula configured to level the material (4) to be hardened, the spatula being disposed upstream of a compression wall of the rule (25). ), the compression wall and the spatula defining an angle between 20 ° and 70 ° or a rounding. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the frame comprises a pre-leveler (23) arranged upstream of the rule and moving along the translation axis (A), the pre-leveler (23) comprising an impeller provided with a plurality of blades (32), the blades (32) being mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation (C) parallel to a horizontal plane the blades rotating so that the blades push the mixture into the direction of progress of the rule. Machine according to Claim 6, in which the blades (32) are mounted in a helix with respect to the axis of rotation (C). Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the vertical oscillation generator is configured to perform movements having a vertical amplitude of at least 2cm, preferably at least 5cm and even more preferably at least 10cm even at least 15cm. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the vertical oscillations generator is configured to apply a compressive force with a frequency less than 30Hz, even more preferably less than 15Hz, or even less than 10Hz or less than 5Hz . Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the vertical oscillations generator is configured to apply an energy, on the material to be hardened 4 located in the formwork 3, greater than or equal to 30 Joules, and more preferably greater than or equal to 50Joules, during each compression operation. Machine according to the combination of claims 8, 9 and 10. A method of manufacturing a plate intended to make a wall or a floor, comprising the following steps: - pouring (S1), into a formwork (3) comprising a bottom and a side wall, a mixture comprising a material (4) capable of hardening within and wooden elements, the wooden elements being embedded in the material (4) ) capable of hardening, the mixture projecting from the side wall (8) of the formwork (3) to form an extra thickness, the formwork comprising a bottom extending in a first direction and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and a side wall extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the bottom; - move a rule along the translation axis (A) with a direction of advance and moving in a vertical direction, the rule (25) partially covering the bottom in the vertical direction and extending from edge to edge '' other of the formwork in the first direction to level (S3) a surface of the extra thickness (12), apply a vertical back and forth movement to the rule (25) to compress the leveled mixture, perform several back and forth movements vertical of the rule (26) when the rule (26) moves from one end to the other of the formwork along the translation axis the translation axis (A) to compress the mixture in several times. A method according to claim 12, wherein the mixture is a mixture of concrete and wood. A method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the edge (8) of the formwork (3) delimits a formwork surface (13) and the leveling (S3) is effected by rotating blades (32) about an axis rotation (C) parallel to the formwork surface (13).

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