EP3869278B1 - Dispositif d'embrayage vertical pour piece d'horlogerie - Google Patents

Dispositif d'embrayage vertical pour piece d'horlogerie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3869278B1
EP3869278B1 EP20217971.9A EP20217971A EP3869278B1 EP 3869278 B1 EP3869278 B1 EP 3869278B1 EP 20217971 A EP20217971 A EP 20217971A EP 3869278 B1 EP3869278 B1 EP 3869278B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vertical
wheel
force
spring
clutch device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20217971.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3869278A1 (fr
Inventor
M. Polychronis Nakis KARAPATIS
Marc Stranczl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montres Breguet SA
Original Assignee
Montres Breguet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Montres Breguet SA filed Critical Montres Breguet SA
Publication of EP3869278A1 publication Critical patent/EP3869278A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3869278B1 publication Critical patent/EP3869278B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00—Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G04B11/006—Clutch mechanism between two rotating members with transfer of movement in only one direction (free running devices)
    • G04B11/008—Clutch mechanism between two rotating members with transfer of movement in only one direction (free running devices) with friction members, e.g. click springs or jumper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/02—Back-gearing arrangements between gear train and hands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00—Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G04B11/001—Clutch mechanism between two rotating members with transfer of movement in both directions, possibly with limitation on the transfer of power
    • G04B11/003—Clutch mechanism between two rotating members with transfer of movement in both directions, possibly with limitation on the transfer of power with friction member, e.g. with spring action
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/04—Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0823—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with couplings between the chronograph mechanism and the base movement
    • G04F7/0833—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with couplings between the chronograph mechanism and the base movement acting perpendicular to the plane of the movement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical clutch device for a timepiece, more particularly for a chronograph.
  • Disengaging devices are used in the field of watchmaking and in particular for chronographs.
  • the chronograph wheel which carries the chronograph hand is connected to the seconds wheel via a clutch.
  • the clutch can occupy an engaged position, corresponding to the running position of the chronograph, where the chronograph wheel is driven by the seconds wheel, and a disengaged position, corresponding to the stop position of the chronograph, where the chronograph is not driven by the seconds wheel.
  • US 2008/304370 A1 discloses an example of a vertical clutch.
  • the operation of a vertical clutch device 1 within a partially represented chronograph mechanism 8 is illustrated in figures 1a and 1b for respectively the disengaged position and the engaged position.
  • the clutch device generally comprises on the same axis a first wheel 3, a second wheel 2 and a clutch disc 4.
  • the first wheel 3 is the driving element which rotates permanently and which is engaged with the seconds 9.
  • the second wheel 2 is engaged with the chronograph wheel 10.
  • the clutch disc 4 cooperates with a pair of clamps 5 whose opening and closing is controlled by a column wheel (not shown). Closing the clamps 5 lifts the clutch disc 4 against the action of a spring 6 as shown schematically in picture 1a .
  • the clutch disc 4 In this disengaged position, the clutch disc 4 is not in contact with the first wheel 3 with the corollary that the second wheel 2 is not driven.
  • the disc clutch 4 presses against the first wheel 3 under the action of the spring 6 ( fig.1b ).
  • the first wheel 3 drives the second wheel 2 by friction.
  • the engaged force F e In order for the friction to be sufficient, the engaged force F e must be high, ie. that a significant preload must be applied to the spring.
  • the springs are made of standard materials such as steel which exhibit elastic behavior over a few tenths of a percent before entering the plastic domain.
  • the spring In operation, the spring must work in its elastic range to avoid any irreversible deformation.
  • the spring In this elastic domain, the spring has a linear behavior with a restoring force proportional to the displacement.
  • There figure 2 typically represents the force-displacement curve in the elastic domain.
  • the engaged force (F e ) is fixed by the preload applied (displacement p) on the spring and the disengaged force (F d ) is fixed by the displacement (d) required to separate the clutch disc from the first wheel.
  • the spring works at the limit of its elastic capacities because it is subjected to a significant pre-stress with a risk of plastic deformation during displacement when disengaging. Apart from the risk of inducing irreversible deformation of the spring, these large deformations cause premature fatigue of the spring. Moreover, the behavior of the spring being linear in the elastic range, any increase in the engaged force leads to an increase in the disengaged force which will have to be provided by the clamps.
  • the distance of the clutch disc from the first wheel by a distance d requires a significant force F d of 1.5 N to counter the return force of the spring.
  • the disengaged force F d is thus more than twice greater than the engaged force F e .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a clutch device providing a maximized engaged force for a disengaged force which, for its part, is minimized.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the ratio between the disengaged force and the engaged force.
  • the present invention proposes a clutch device comprising a spring made of a shape memory alloy used at room temperature for its superelastic properties.
  • the spring made of a shape memory alloy has a non-linear behavior in the elastic domain with a stress which peaks at an almost constant value over a wide range of deformation. These properties of superelasticity and this nonlinear behavior make it possible to easily adjust the disengaged force and the engaged force according to the required operating conditions. Thus, a significant pre-stress can be applied to the spring without the risk of entering the plastic domain when disengaging the mechanism.
  • the spring is no longer stressed to the limit of its elastic capacities unlike the spring of the prior art, which makes it possible to avoid premature fatigue of the spring in use.
  • the disengaged force can be minimized by stressing the spring in the area where the stress, and therefore the force, peaks at an almost constant value.
  • the spring can be sized to increase the engaged force while maintaining an equivalent disengaged force or, conversely, be sized to reduce the disengaged force while maintaining an equivalent engaged force.
  • the ratio between the disengaged force and the engaged force is between 1.1 and 2.0.
  • the invention relates to a clutch device comprising a spring made of a shape memory alloy. She relates more specifically to a clutch device intended to equip a chronograph mechanism 8 of a timepiece 11 ( fig.7 ).
  • the superelastic properties of the shape memory alloy are used to reduce the difference between the engaged force and the disengaged force.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the superelastic behavior of a shape memory alloy which exhibits an austenitic structure at room temperature which transforms into martensite under the application of a stress ⁇ , which makes it possible to deform the material reversibly by several percent.
  • the tensile curve first exhibits linear elastic behavior up to a critical stress where the martensitic transformation induces superelastic behavior with increasing strain under near constant stress. This is the plateau that we observe on the picture 3 .
  • the reverse transformation from martensite to austenite takes place and the alloy returns to its original size.
  • a spring made of this material makes it possible to obtain a constraint, and therefore a force, as a function of the displacement which is not proportional but caps at a certain value on the plateau of the curve, unlike a conventional material such as 'steel.
  • the nickel-titanium base alloy consists of nickel, with a weight percentage between 52.5 and 63%, and titanium with a percentage by weight between 36.5 and 47%, for a total percentage of 100% and a content of possible impurities less than or equal to 0.5%.
  • This alloy presents at room temperature, in the absence of stresses, an austenitic microstructure.
  • the spring 6 comprises a central annular part 6a and several lugs 6b starting from said central annular part 6a as illustrated in figure 5a .
  • the number of legs can be 3.
  • the thickness of the spring is between 0.05 and 0.4 mm.
  • the tabs 6b are inclined with respect to the plane defined by the central annular part 6a as shown schematically in figures 1a and 1b . Depending on the level of preload applied to the dropouts in the engaged position ( fig.1b ), the latter are more or less inclined with respect to the plane of the annular part.
  • the spring 6 is arranged within the clutch device 1 as previously described with reference to the figures 1a and 1b with the clutch disc 4, the first wheel 3 and the second wheel 2.
  • the sizing of the spring namely the number of legs, the active length of each leg and the section of the legs will define the corresponding force-displacement curve of the spring produced. in this material as schematized in figure 6 for the dashed curve.
  • the spring is sized to work with a disengaged force F d which is on the upper level of the hysteresis and with a engaged force F e which is on the lower level of the hysteresis.
  • F d disengaged force which is on the upper level of the hysteresis
  • F e which is on the lower level of the hysteresis.
  • the shape of the hysteresis may vary depending on the grade chosen for the shape memory alloy.
  • the force on the upper bearing and the lower bearing can be more or less constant depending on the grade chosen.
  • the spring operates in a prestressed mode with the deformation of the spring, and advantageously of the legs of the spring, which defines the engaged force F e on the lower bearing.
  • the clutch force can thus be adjusted depending on the preload applied to the spring.
  • the material being superelastic a significant preload can be applied without the risk of plastically deforming the spring.
  • the disengaged force F d can be adjusted according to the minimum displacement d required to avoid any contact between the clutch disc and the first wheel.
  • the ratio between the disengaged force and the engaged force is minimized and between 1.1 and 2.0, preferably between 1.3 and 1.6.
  • the vertical force F d is between 1 and 3 N and the vertical force F e is between 0.5 and 2 N, with F d greater than F e , for a vertical displacement d between the engaged position and the disengaged position between 0.05 and 0.3 mm.
  • Another way of defining the nonlinear superelastic behavior of the spring in use is to characterize it according to its rigidity which is not constant during deformation.
  • the slope of the straight line connecting the origin of the XY axes to the point (F e , p) is greater than the slope of the straight line connecting the origin of the XY axes to the point (F d , p+d).
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is greater than the angle ⁇ 1 .
  • FIG. 4 represents the mechanical properties of the shape memory alloy based on nickel and titanium with the aforementioned composition.
  • FIG 6 represents the corresponding force-displacement curve for a spring made of this alloy and having the dimensions referred to the figure 5a .
  • This spring has a thickness of 0.2 mm and has three legs with a length of 0.85 mm for a width of 0.06 mm.
  • the active length of each lug is approximately 0.5 mm ( fig.5b ).
  • a disengaged force F d of 1.5 N was chosen with the same disengagement stroke d of 0.1 mm.
  • the clutch force F e could be maximized at 1.05 N, corresponding to a preload distance p of 0.15 mm, compared to 0.67 N for steel, which guarantees that the clutch does not slip.
  • the disengaged force to engaged force ratio is 1.4 compared to 2.2 for steel.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
EP20217971.9A 2020-02-21 2020-12-31 Dispositif d'embrayage vertical pour piece d'horlogerie Active EP3869278B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20158703 2020-02-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3869278A1 EP3869278A1 (fr) 2021-08-25
EP3869278B1 true EP3869278B1 (fr) 2023-03-08

Family

ID=69779756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20217971.9A Active EP3869278B1 (fr) 2020-02-21 2020-12-31 Dispositif d'embrayage vertical pour piece d'horlogerie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11353826B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3869278B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2021135287A (zh)
CN (1) CN113296383A (zh)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015073016A1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for controlling the energy damping of a shape memory alloy with surface roughness

Family Cites Families (14)

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JP3286950B2 (ja) * 1993-05-31 2002-05-27 株式会社トーキン 光ファイバ接続栓並びにその製造方法、及びそれを用いた光コネクタ
JPH09230275A (ja) * 1996-02-20 1997-09-05 Brother Ind Ltd 光走査装置
US5982521A (en) 1995-11-15 1999-11-09 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Optical scanner
EP2015145B1 (fr) 2007-06-11 2013-05-01 Chopard Manufacture SA Dispositif d'embrayage vertical pour pièce d'horlogerie
EP2085832B1 (fr) 2008-02-04 2013-04-10 Blancpain SA. Dispositif de chronographe avec embrayage à friction
JP5979881B2 (ja) * 2012-01-06 2016-08-31 セイコーインスツル株式会社 クロノグラフ機構付時計
JP5931294B2 (ja) 2012-11-02 2016-06-08 オメガ・エス アー 計時器のねじ込み式要素の向き調整用デバイス
CN109766020B (zh) * 2013-08-09 2022-04-29 苹果公司 用于电子设备的触觉开关
US9978548B2 (en) * 2013-10-03 2018-05-22 Preciflex Sa Liquid filled bellows activated switch and voltage source made therefrom, timepieces and methods related thereto
CH708945A2 (fr) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-15 Montres Breguet Sa Piton d'horlogerie.
EP3264198B1 (fr) 2016-07-01 2020-01-15 Montres Breguet S.A. Pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un dispositif de commutation d'un mécanisme de cette pièce
CN206301154U (zh) 2016-12-16 2017-07-04 惠贯有限公司 手表用垂直离合结构
EP3483667A1 (fr) 2017-11-13 2019-05-15 Rolex Sa Système de fixation d'un mouvement horloger dans une boîte de montre
US11604436B2 (en) * 2017-11-13 2023-03-14 Rolex Sa System for fixing a timepiece movement in a watch case

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015073016A1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for controlling the energy damping of a shape memory alloy with surface roughness

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11353826B2 (en) 2022-06-07
CN113296383A (zh) 2021-08-24
JP2021135287A (ja) 2021-09-13
EP3869278A1 (fr) 2021-08-25
US20210271205A1 (en) 2021-09-02

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