EP3868445A1 - Method for securing a combustion or gasification plant against fire - Google Patents

Method for securing a combustion or gasification plant against fire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3868445A1
EP3868445A1 EP21153321.1A EP21153321A EP3868445A1 EP 3868445 A1 EP3868445 A1 EP 3868445A1 EP 21153321 A EP21153321 A EP 21153321A EP 3868445 A1 EP3868445 A1 EP 3868445A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
supply system
plant
combustion
fire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21153321.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3868445B1 (en
Inventor
Jean RIONDEL
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Mini Green Power
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Mini Green Power
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Publication of EP3868445A1 publication Critical patent/EP3868445A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/10—Under-feed arrangements
    • F23K3/14—Under-feed arrangements feeding by screw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/02—Preventing emission of flames or hot gases, or admission of air, through working or charging apertures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/026—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being put under pressure by means other than pressure gas, e.g. pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/10—Supply line fittings
    • F23K2203/102—Flashback safety, e.g. inertizing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/20—Feeding/conveying devices
    • F23K2203/202—Feeding/conveying devices using screws
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of energy, and more precisely to installations operating on the basis of combustion, gasification, or any other thermochemical process involving solid fuels.
  • It relates more particularly to a method for securing a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant against fires, said plant comprising a solid fuel combustion hearth, this hearth being supplied with solid fuel by a supply system. .
  • Solid fuel combustion or gasification industrial plants for example biomass combustion, present, as do gas or fuel oil thermal power plants, fire risks. Even if the risk of explosion in solid fuel combustion or gasification plants is minimal, due to the presence of dust and the possibility of fuel gas leaking from the pyrolysis of the solid fuel, it still remains. .
  • Valve systems are the most widely used fire-fighting systems and certainly the oldest. They use a hatch, pivoting around an axis, obstructing, if necessary, the passage between the hearth and the fuel supply.
  • the patent document US2873703 illustrates this technology for a coal-fired power plant.
  • Guillotine systems are quite similar to reed systems.
  • a major difference between guillotine systems and valve systems concerns the movement of the trap door.
  • this is a translational guided trap allowing the supply system to be separated into two distinct zones. It is essential to couple this type of system with a device which releases the biomass so as not to hinder the course of the trap door.
  • the patent document FR2615931 describes such a system. Note that, in a guillotine system, the guillotine is raised relative to the rest of the power supply to avoid blocking the fire stop system by excess material. This is ultimately an “intelligent” system, which automatically restarts when the temperature drops below a threshold.
  • Rotary systems consist of an assembly that is rotated around an axis within the feed system. Unlike the two previous systems, rotary systems are sealed systems even during normal operating phases. These are valve-lock type systems ensuring the distribution of the material and the sealing of the system.
  • the patent document CN178166860 illustrates this technology. It describes a system consisting of an airlock valve located above a hopper making it possible to prevent a return of fire.
  • thermocouple measures a temperature above the programmed threshold
  • auger automatically turns on and the system injects water as long as the temperature is too high. The system thus sends wet biomass into the boiler.
  • patent document EP3015136 describes a solution for detecting the outbreak of fire in a storage biomass thanks to a continuous air humidity analyzer.
  • a continuous air humidity analyzer In fact, when biomass burns, the water contained in it evaporates, increasing the humidity of the air.
  • the patent document CN106056824 concerns a redundant and intelligent solution for detecting and combating the fire risk in biomass power plants. It includes two different sensors: a first set of thermocouples in contact with the biomass and an infrared camera also allowing the detection of the start of a fire. The two sensors are linked to an intelligent system controlling an extinguishing device. This device can be used in three configurations according to the will of the operator: fully automatic, remote controlled or manual.
  • thermocouples directly installed in the biomass feed and connected to control valves themselves placed on a water injection system. When the thermocouples exceed the set value the valves open, injecting water into the biomass feed.
  • Solid fuels are very irregular. Mechanical valves or guillotine systems are very often obstructed preventing the correct isolation of the biomass. In addition, the installation of mechanical systems and the adaptation of the power supply according to them are often very expensive. Mechanical systems of the reed and guillotine types require regular maintenance and break down very easily. Rotary systems disrupt the proper supply of biomass, they are regularly responsible for blockages and the formation of arches. They are not suitable for irregular fuels. In addition, a fire stop system must interact with the fireplace as little as possible. It seems essential not to inject soggy biomass into it so as not to damage it or make it unavailable for too long a time.
  • a problem which the invention proposes to solve is to provide a method for securing a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant comprising a solid fuel combustion chamber, said fireplace being powered. , in solid fuel, by a supply system, which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the solid fuel comprises biomass, solid recovered fuels and / or waste
  • the solid fuel supply system comprises at least one endless screw, the solid fuel being brought to the combustion chamber by said at least one endless screw;
  • the feed system comprises a first endless screw positioned substantially horizontally with respect to the ground and a second endless screw positioned at the terminal end of the first endless screw, and the solid fuel is conveyed, from a fuel storage tank arranged upstream of the first worm screw at the combustion chamber arranged downstream of the second worm screw, by means of the first and then of the second worm screw;
  • - for the formation of the fuel plug and for the creation of the empty fuel space in the fuel supply system said at least one endless screw is operated in reverse after having injected the liquid into the fuel contained in the power system;
  • the solid fuel supply system of the power plant further comprises one or more sensors, and the method further comprises a step according to which one detects, by means of said sensors, a rise of fire in the fuel supply system ; - the sensors are temperature sensors, CO 2 sensors,
  • the proposed solution of the invention to the aforementioned problem has as a second object a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant secured against fires, for the implementation of the method as described above, comprising a fuel combustion chamber. solid, said hearth being supplied with solid fuel by a supply system, characterized in that it further comprises means for injecting a non-flammable liquid into the supply system, means for forming a plug of fuel in the fuel supply system, and means for creating a fuel void space in the fuel supply system.
  • the feed system comprises at least one endless screw and at least one non-flammable liquid injector.
  • the most risky phases of solid fuel combustion or gasification plants are the extinguishing phases.
  • the fuel the oxidizer or the heat source also called the trigger.
  • the heat source is present from the start-up phase of the installation until the total cooling of the plant, which can take place several hours after shutdown. of it.
  • a solid fuel can only be isolated with great difficulty from the air; separating the oxidizer and the fuel under these conditions is not a possible solution.
  • An objective achieved by the invention is therefore to isolate the fuel from the heat source to prevent any outbreak of fire.
  • the invention makes it possible to deprive the reaction of one of these reagents by installing a fire stop system.
  • the method according to the invention is a complete method of preventing and combating the risk of fire, the main source of this risk being the rise of fire in a solid fuel supply system in a thermal power station.
  • This risk exists in particular in several cases, namely, when the plant is shut down in normal operation, or when the plant malfunctions which may be due to - a technical problem with the control system. smoke extraction, - the use of a fuel that is not suitable for the thermal power plant, - human error when operating the power plant, or - a failure of the control / command system which leads to the shutdown of the system, for example stopping the fuel supply or the draft fan.
  • the invention relates in particular to a method for securing or protecting a thermal power plant. solid fuel combustion or gasification against fires.
  • the solid fuel used in such power plants is, in one example, biomass, solid recovered fuels (SRF) and / or wastes such as household waste. These are fuels whose structure and nature are not homogeneous. However, it can be other fuels, for example fossil fuels such as coal.
  • Combustion plants are thermal power plants, which produce electrical energy and / or thermal energy from a heat source, produced by the combustion of solid fuel in a combustion hearth.
  • the combustion chamber 1 of a combustion plant 2 is supplied with solid fuel 3, by a supply system 4.
  • the solid fuel supply system 4 comprises at least one endless screw 4-1, 4-2 and the biomass 3 is conveyed to the combustion chamber 1 by said at least one endless screw 4-1, 4-2.
  • the feed system 4 comprises a first endless screw 4-1 positioned substantially horizontally with respect to the ground and a second endless screw 4-2 positioned, at the end of the first endless screw 4- 1, substantially vertically.
  • the solid fuel 3 is conveyed from a storage tank 5 arranged upstream of the first worm 4-1 to the combustion chamber 1 arranged downstream of the second worm 4-2 using the first 4-1 then the second 4-2 worm.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps.
  • a non-flammable liquid is injected into the fuel contained in the fuel supply system. It is, in one example, water.
  • the injection is carried out by means of one or more injectors 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 distributed along the supply system and, in particular, along the first worm 4.1, namely the horizontal worm screw. These injectors are shown schematically by arrows at the figure 1 . These injectors 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 form an extinguishing device installed on the power supply independent of the extinguishing means of the general fire-fighting system, which is generally present for all power stations.
  • the injected non-flammable liquid wets the fuel 3 contained in the supply system and forms wet fuel agglomerates at the location of the liquid injections.
  • a fuel plug 7 is formed in the fuel supply system 4. Such a plug 7 is shown schematically on figure 2B .
  • the worm 4-1 is operated in reverse, that is to say in the opposite direction to its normal operating direction.
  • the wet fuel agglomerate does not move with the same speed in the worm as the fuel which has not been wetted.
  • the fuel which has not been wetted, and which is located downstream from the wet fuel, will settle on the agglomerate and the agglomerate itself will undergo compaction.
  • the plug 7 results from the compacting of the agglomerate under the action of the reverse gear of the endless screw and the settling of the fuel downstream of the agglomerate.
  • the hardness of the stopper 7 obtained in the endless screw is of the order of that of a champagne cork. It is therefore a matter of very great hardness.
  • a fuel empty space 8 is created in the fuel supply system.
  • This empty space 8 results in part from the settling of the non-wetted biomass forming the plug 7, but also from the fact that the worm screw operates in reverse and that no fuel source is supplied to the inlet of the valve. the worm.
  • the power plant solid fuel supply system further comprises one or more sensors.
  • a rise of fire in the fuel supply system is detected by means of said sensors.
  • the sensors are advantageously temperature sensors noted TC on the figure 3 , for thermocouple, CO 2 sensors, infrared IR sensors and / or humidity sensors.
  • the central unit is advantageously equipped with an automatic device.
  • the aforementioned sensors then communicate with said automaton.
  • the controller controls the steps of the method according to the invention, namely the injection of the non-flammable liquid into the fuel contained in the fuel supply system and / or the formation of the fuel plug in the supply system. fuel and / or the creation of a fuel void space in the fuel supply system.
  • the aforementioned automaton is, in an exemplary implementation of the invention, the automaton ensuring the control and command of the plant. It is noted Main Control-Command PLC at the figure 3 .
  • This controller is ultimately to make the sensors communicate with the fuel supply extinguishing device. It also makes it possible to send alarms to the operator via the man-machine interface.
  • the automaton triggers the extinguishing device of the biomass supply system.
  • This extinguishing device comprises the means for supplying water to the injectors from the water reserve and / or the public water network, and the means for controlling the rotation of the worm screws and in particular for the horizontal endless screw which reverses.
  • the securing method according to the invention does not exclude the presence of a general security system. fire fighting, intended to extinguish fires throughout the plant.
  • a general system operates on a different power supply from the particular control system according to the invention described above and, preferably, on a back-up power supply in the event of a power cut. It is also made up of three parts communicating with each other.
  • a system of sensors placed on the whole of the central unit for example, UV or IR sensors intended for the detection of fire on battery or sensors of temperature, CO 2 or else of 'humidity.
  • sensors are placed in different places of the plant where a fire risk has been identified, for example at the fuel storage place, at the level of the conveyors, on the fume filtration system, at the level of the power electronics.
  • the sensors are at least doubled.
  • an extinguishing means independent of that used by the particular means of fight according to the invention, which is composed of a water network making it possible to irrigate all the areas where the fire risk. is identified.
  • One of the ramifications of the system leads directly into the power plant power system. It is activated by an electrical source with minimum back-up and in the best possible configuration, completely independent of the electrical network.
  • This PLC is a safety PLC, different from the PLC used for the security system. plant control and command.
  • This PLC has a back-up electrical power source and / or independent from the electrical network.
  • This automaton autonomously manages the fire sensors and the triggering of alarm and fire extinguishing actions. It also communicates the alarms to the instrumentation and control automaton managing the central unit.
  • the method according to the invention forms an effective fire-fighting system, which makes it possible both to prevent the risk of fire and to fight it if a fire breaks out.
  • the risk of fire is very present, but combustion is also the heart of the business and, therefore, the source of income. Faced with such an important issue, it is not conceivable that a technical or mechanical problem could jeopardize the entire installation.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to prevent this risk.
  • Fire prevention consists of a series of actions carried out automatically when the plant is shut down, which is the most risky phase, this shutdown being able to occur following a normal shutdown requested by an operator, or following a a sudden and / or unforeseeable incident due to human error or technical failures.
  • a preventive routine that includes two phases is put in place.
  • a first phase makes the fuel present in the supply system non-flammable. It can be an injection of water which soaks the fuel and makes it non-combustible. the fuel in the conveyor cannot then catch fire.
  • a second phase makes it possible to form a fuel plug while creating an “empty” fuel space. This makes it possible to limit the risks of fire or smoke rising through the supply system thanks to the formed wet fuel plug. This also serves as double safety in the event of failure of the first action. In fact, the empty space limits the risks of fire rising and the fuel plug formed makes it possible to slow down the fire and reduce the supply of air to the combustion in progress.
  • the plug formed is thus advantageously long-lasting until the plant has completely cooled down. It will be evacuated to restarting it.
  • the quantities of non-flammable liquid injected may be different, the sequence of formation of the plug may also be different. Only the principle remains the same.
  • the method according to the invention therefore exhibits numerous advantages which respond to the issues raised by the prior art.
  • the entire corrective system is redundant. This repetition makes it possible not to jeopardize the entire installation for a simple technical problem or a sensor fault.
  • the energy systems allowing the operation of both preventive and corrective parts are totally differentiated. This makes it possible to maintain protection in the event of a power failure of one or the other.
  • the preventive system in particular the fire stop system of the supply system, is a simple device suitable for solid fuels. Due to the absence of an additional mechanical element dedicated to the fire stop device, this system is very inexpensive and robust.
  • the backfire prevention system is spatially limited to the fuel supply, which preserves the power plant hearth.
  • the control unit can be stopped for two reasons: either the operator decides to shut down the control unit and turns it off via a Human-Machine Interface; either an incident occurs and triggers the plant security. Under these conditions an accelerated shutdown procedure is triggered in order to quickly cool the power station and cut off any fuel supply.
  • steps are implemented in automatic sequence of water injection and formation of a fuel plug.
  • the vertical screw is stopped to stop the supply of fuel to the reactor.
  • a solenoid valve opens to inject mains water into the screw in order to humidify the fuel.
  • the horizontal screw moves back to create a plug of wet fuel while creating an empty space of biomass. Water is regularly injected to ensure that no fire escalates.
  • control-command sequence making it possible to sprinkle the fuel and form the fuel cap during a normal shutdown is given in the flowchart shown in section figure 4 .
  • the sequence during an accidental shutdown will be similar in terms of flowchart.
  • the time delays, the quantities of water injected and the screw retraction speeds will be different and depend on the fuel and the configuration of the plant.
  • the plant according to the invention therefore comprises two completely independent and redundant corrective systems. These are the specific fire fighting system relating to the fuel supply and the general fire fighting system.
  • the fuel supply is the most sensitive point, it is important to ensure redundancy of the fire prevention system at this point.
  • the particular fire fighting system of the present invention is as described in the present application. They are summarized below. The entire system operates on the electrical network and has a battery system in the event of an outage.
  • thermocouples (see Fig. 3 ) which measure the temperature at three different points in the supply system. They are attached to the chute of the conveyor screw. These thermocouples are transmitters which communicate their information to the control panel of the plant.
  • Level 1 alarm for the operator, no particular action.
  • Level 2 opening of the solenoid valve used in the preventive system which is connected to the water network.
  • Level 3 transmission of the alarm to the general fire safety automaton. This last level allows redundancy on the water injection because the system triggered by the general fire safety automaton uses another water source, namely an independent tank. When an alarm comes from the general fire safety automaton (fire detected elsewhere on the control panel), the particular fire fighting system is triggered by safety
  • This system has three parts. It is first of all a pipe supplied by pressurized water from the drinking water network. It is then a solenoid valve communicating with the control system as well as a manual bypass valve, the latter allowing an operator to act directly and water the biomass even without electricity or without a controller. if it detects a fire. It is finally a injection nozzle arranged directly inside the fuel supply system.
  • the general fire fighting system is part of a larger system for fighting industrial risks such as the production of CO, CH 4 or H 2 .
  • it comprises, according to the invention, three redundant and independent parts of the particular control system relating to the fuel supply. These three parts are presented below.
  • UV / IR flame detectors To ensure the redundancy of the measurement which detects any flames. These sensors use 2 technologies, UV and IR, in order to increase the relevance of the measurement. They communicate their information to a independent safety PLC. They work with an internal battery.
  • this automaton triggers the general extinguisher system of the plant, warns the operator and the staff by an audible and visual signage, and transmits the alarm to the programmable industrial automaton.
  • the controller operates using an internal battery.
  • This system is made up of different parts: - a reserve of 10 m 3 of water, the volume depending on the size of the power plant and the storage areas; - a diesel pump to send the water from the tank to the entire fire network; - a fire water network independent of the public water network and totally dedicated to this system, connected to the tank and the pump; and a set of water injection nozzles positioned above each reserve of biomass, fuel conveying system or other zone with an identified fire risk.
  • the pump starts automatically and sends the water from the tank through the fire network.
  • the water is then projected to all places likely to be on fire. This makes it possible to have the certainty of sending water to the place of the fire but also to avoid a runaway effect.
  • all of the other zones likely to bring a load to the fire are humidified and inhibited.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de sécurisation, contre des incendies, d'une centrale (2) de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide (3) comprenant un foyer de combustion (1) du combustible solide (3), ledit foyer (1) étant alimenté, en combustible solide (3), par un système d'alimentation (4). L'invention se caractérise en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes selon lesquelles : on injecte un liquide non inflammable dans le combustible (3) contenu dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible ; on forme un bouchon (7) de combustible (3) dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible ; et on crée un espace (8) vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible.The invention relates to a method for securing, against fires, a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant (2) (3) comprising a combustion chamber (1) for solid fuel (3), said fireplace (1). ) being supplied with solid fuel (3) by a supply system (4). The invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps according to which: a non-flammable liquid is injected into the fuel (3) contained in the fuel supply system (4); forming a plug (7) of fuel (3) in the fuel supply system (4); and creating a fuel void space (8) in the fuel supply system.

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'énergie, et, plus précisément, les installations fonctionnant à base de combustion, de gazéification, ou tout autre processus thermochimique impliquant des combustibles solides.The present invention relates to the field of energy, and more precisely to installations operating on the basis of combustion, gasification, or any other thermochemical process involving solid fuels.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement un procédé de sécurisation d'une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide contre les incendies, ladite centrale comprenant un foyer de combustion du combustible solide, ce foyer étant alimenté, en combustible solide, par un système d'alimentation.It relates more particularly to a method for securing a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant against fires, said plant comprising a solid fuel combustion hearth, this hearth being supplied with solid fuel by a supply system. .

Elle concerne en outre une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide équipée de moyens pour la mise en œuvre du procédé précité de sécurisation.It further relates to a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant equipped with means for implementing the aforementioned securing process.

ART ANTERIEURPRIOR ART

Les centrales industrielles de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide, par exemple, à combustion de biomasse, présentent, de même que les centrales thermiques à gaz ou à fioul, des risques d'incendies. Même si, dans les centrales de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide, le risque d'explosion est minime, il subsiste toujours, du fait de la présence de poussières et de la possibilité de fuite de gaz combustible issus de la pyrolyse du combustible solide.Solid fuel combustion or gasification industrial plants, for example biomass combustion, present, as do gas or fuel oil thermal power plants, fire risks. Even if the risk of explosion in solid fuel combustion or gasification plants is minimal, due to the presence of dust and the possibility of fuel gas leaking from the pyrolysis of the solid fuel, it still remains. .

En outre, une des zones les plus à risque des centrales de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide est l'alimentation en combustible. Le feu peut en effet se propager dans cette zone, et remonter dans le système d'alimentation vers la réserve en combustible et ainsi causer des dégâts importants sur la centrale.In addition, one of the areas most at risk for solid fuel combustion or gasification plants is the fuel supply. The fire can indeed spread in this area, and rise in the supply system to the fuel reserve and thus cause significant damage to the power plant.

Il est par suite nécessaire de prévenir et de lutter contre les risques d'incendie dans ces centrales.It is therefore necessary to prevent and fight against the risk of fire in these plants.

A cet effet, on connait, selon l'art antérieur, des centrales équipées de systèmes de protection contre les incendies à clapets ou à guillotine, de systèmes rotatifs, ou de systèmes utilisant directement les moyens de convoyage pour empêcher une remontée de feu.To this end, there are known, according to the prior art, plants equipped with fire protection systems with valves or guillotine, rotary systems, or systems directly using the conveying means to prevent a rise in fire.

Les systèmes à clapets sont les systèmes anti-feu les plus répandus et certainement les plus anciens. Ils mettent en œuvre une trappe, pivotante autour d'un axe, obstruant, en cas de nécessité, le passage entre le foyer et l'alimentation en combustible. Le document brevet US2873703 illustre cette technologie pour une centrale à charbon.Valve systems are the most widely used fire-fighting systems and certainly the oldest. They use a hatch, pivoting around an axis, obstructing, if necessary, the passage between the hearth and the fuel supply. The patent document US2873703 illustrates this technology for a coal-fired power plant.

Les systèmes à guillotine sont assez similaires aux systèmes à clapets. Une différence majeure entre les système à guillotine et les systèmes à clapets concerne la mise en mouvement de la trappe. Dans les systèmes à guillotine il s'agit d'une trappe guidée en translation permettant de séparer le système d'alimentation en deux zones distinctes. Il est essentiel de coupler ce type de système avec un dispositif qui dégage la biomasse pour ne pas gêner la course de la trappe. Le document brevet FR2615931 décrit un tel système. A noter que, dans un système à guillotine, la guillotine est surélevée par rapport au reste de l'alimentation pour éviter le blocage du système coupe-feu par un surplus de matière. Il s'agit d'un système finalement «intelligent», qui redémarre automatiquement lorsque la température descend en dessous d'un seuil.Guillotine systems are quite similar to reed systems. A major difference between guillotine systems and valve systems concerns the movement of the trap door. In guillotine systems, this is a translational guided trap allowing the supply system to be separated into two distinct zones. It is essential to couple this type of system with a device which releases the biomass so as not to hinder the course of the trap door. The patent document FR2615931 describes such a system. Note that, in a guillotine system, the guillotine is raised relative to the rest of the power supply to avoid blocking the fire stop system by excess material. This is ultimately an “intelligent” system, which automatically restarts when the temperature drops below a threshold.

Les systèmes rotatifs sont constitués d'un ensemble mis en rotation autour d'un axe à l'intérieur du système d'alimentation. A la différence des deux précédents systèmes, les systèmes rotatifs sont des systèmes étanches même durant les phases de fonctionnement normales. Ce sont des systèmes de type vanne-sas assurant la distribution de la matière et l'étanchéité du système. Le document brevet CN178166860 illustre cette technologie. Il décrit un système composé d'une vanne-sas situé au-dessus d'une trémie permettant d'empêcher un retour de feu.Rotary systems consist of an assembly that is rotated around an axis within the feed system. Unlike the two previous systems, rotary systems are sealed systems even during normal operating phases. These are valve-lock type systems ensuring the distribution of the material and the sealing of the system. The patent document CN178166860 illustrates this technology. It describes a system consisting of an airlock valve located above a hopper making it possible to prevent a return of fire.

Certaines technologies utilisent directement leur dispositif d'alimentation dans un mode spécialement prévu pour empêcher les retours de feu. C'est le cas par exemple du système présenté dans le document brevet RU2287474 . Ce système est composé d'une vis d'alimentation, d'un thermocouple et d'une injection d'eau. Lorsque le thermocouple mesure une température au-delà du seuil programmé, la vis sans fin se met automatiquement en route et le système injecte de l'eau tant que la température est trop élevée. Le système fait ainsi parvenir de la biomasse mouillée dans la chaudière.Some technologies directly use their feed device in a specially designed mode to prevent backfires. This is the case for example of the system presented in the patent document RU2287474 . This system is composed of a feed screw, a thermocouple and a water injection. When the thermocouple measures a temperature above the programmed threshold, the auger automatically turns on and the system injects water as long as the temperature is too high. The system thus sends wet biomass into the boiler.

Par ailleurs, le document brevet EP3015136 décrit une solution de détection des départs de feu dans un stockage de biomasse grâce à un analyseur en continu de l'humidité de l'air. En effet lorsque la biomasse brûle, l'eau contenue dans celle-ci s'évapore, augmentant le taux d'humidité de l'air.In addition, the patent document EP3015136 describes a solution for detecting the outbreak of fire in a storage biomass thanks to a continuous air humidity analyzer. In fact, when biomass burns, the water contained in it evaporates, increasing the humidity of the air.

Le document brevet CN106056824 concerne une solution redondante et intelligente de détection et de lutte contre le risque incendie dans les centrales biomasse. Il comprend deux capteurs différents : un premier ensemble de thermocouples au contact de la biomasse et une caméra infra-rouge permettant également la détection de départ de feu. Les deux capteurs sont reliés à un système intelligent contrôlant un dispositif d'extinction. Ce dispositif peut être utilisé dans trois configurations suivant la volonté de l'opérateur : entièrement automatique, contrôlé à distance ou manuel.The patent document CN106056824 concerns a redundant and intelligent solution for detecting and combating the fire risk in biomass power plants. It includes two different sensors: a first set of thermocouples in contact with the biomass and an infrared camera also allowing the detection of the start of a fire. The two sensors are linked to an intelligent system controlling an extinguishing device. This device can be used in three configurations according to the will of the operator: fully automatic, remote controlled or manual.

Enfin, le document brevet CN202554782 présente un dispositif de lutte contre les incendies inhérent à l'alimentation biomasse. Ce système est composé de trois thermocouples directement installés dans l'alimentation en biomasse et reliés à des vannes de régulation elles-mêmes disposées sur un système d'injection d'eau. Lorsque les thermocouples dépassent la valeur fixée les vannes s'ouvrent, injectant de l'eau dans l'alimentation en biomasse.Finally, the patent document CN202554782 presents a firefighting device inherent in the biomass feed. This system is made up of three thermocouples directly installed in the biomass feed and connected to control valves themselves placed on a water injection system. When the thermocouples exceed the set value the valves open, injecting water into the biomass feed.

Les systèmes précités, ainsi que leurs procédés de mise en œuvre, présentent de nombreux inconvénients.The aforementioned systems, as well as their methods of implementation, have many drawbacks.

Les combustibles solides sont très irréguliers. Les systèmes mécaniques à clapets ou à guillotine sont très souvent obstrués empêchant l'isolement correct de la biomasse. De plus, l'installation de systèmes mécaniques et l'adaptation de l'alimentation en fonction de ces derniers sont souvent très couteuses. Les systèmes mécaniques de types à clapets et à guillotines nécessitent une maintenance régulière et tombent très facilement en panne. Les systèmes rotatifs perturbent la bonne alimentation en biomasse, ils sont régulièrement responsables de bourrages et de formation de voûtes. Ils ne sont pas adaptés pour des combustibles irréguliers. Par ailleurs, un système coupe-feu doit le moins possible interagir avec le foyer. Il parait essentiel de ne pas injecter de biomasse détrempée dans celui-ci pour ne pas l'endommager ou le rendre indisponible un trop long moment.Solid fuels are very irregular. Mechanical valves or guillotine systems are very often obstructed preventing the correct isolation of the biomass. In addition, the installation of mechanical systems and the adaptation of the power supply according to them are often very expensive. Mechanical systems of the reed and guillotine types require regular maintenance and break down very easily. Rotary systems disrupt the proper supply of biomass, they are regularly responsible for blockages and the formation of arches. They are not suitable for irregular fuels. In addition, a fire stop system must interact with the fireplace as little as possible. It seems essential not to inject soggy biomass into it so as not to damage it or make it unavailable for too long a time.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Compte tenu de ce qui précède, un problème que ce propose de résoudre l'invention, est de réaliser un procédé de sécurisation d'une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide comprenant un foyer de combustion du combustible solide, ledit foyer étant alimenté, en combustible solide, par un système d'alimentation, qui pallie aux inconvénients précités de l'art antérieur.In view of the foregoing, a problem which the invention proposes to solve is to provide a method for securing a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant comprising a solid fuel combustion chamber, said fireplace being powered. , in solid fuel, by a supply system, which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.

La solution proposée de l'invention à ce problème posé a pour premier objet un Procédé de sécurisation, contre des incendies, d'une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide comprenant un foyer de combustion du combustible solide, ledit foyer étant alimenté, en combustible solide, par un système d'alimentation, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes selon lesquelles :

  • on injecte un liquide non inflammable dans le combustible contenu dans le système d'alimentation en combustible ;
  • on forme un bouchon de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible ; et
  • on crée un espace vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible.
The first object of the proposed solution of the invention to this problem posed is a method of securing, against fires, a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant comprising a solid fuel combustion hearth, said hearth being fed, in solid fuel, by a supply system, characterized in that it comprises the following steps according to which:
  • injecting a non-flammable liquid into the fuel contained in the fuel supply system;
  • forming a fuel plug in the fuel supply system; and
  • a fuel void space is created in the fuel supply system.

De manière avantageuse, - le combustible solide comprend de la biomasse, des combustibles solides de récupération et/ou des déchets - le système d'alimentation en combustible solide comprend au moins une vis sans fin, le combustible solide étant amené au foyer de combustion par ladite au moins une vis sans fin ; - le système d'alimentation comprend une première vis sans fin positionnée sensiblement horizontalement par rapport au sol et une seconde vis sans fin positionnée à l'extrémité terminale de la première vis sans fin, et le combustible solide est convoyé, à partir d'un bac de stockage du combustible disposé en amont de la première vis sans fin au foyer de combustion disposé au aval de la seconde vis sans fin, au moyen de la première puis de la seconde vis sans fin ; - pour la formation du bouchon de combustible et pour la création de l'espace vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible, on fait fonctionner ladite au moins une vis sans fin en marche arrière après avoir injecté le liquide dans le combustible contenu dans le système d'alimentation ; - le système d'alimentation en combustible solide de la centrale comprend en outre un ou plusieurs capteurs, et le procédé comprend en outre une étape selon laquelle on détecte, au moyen desdits capteurs, une remontée de feu dans le système d'alimentation en combustible ; - les capteurs sont des capteurs de température, des capteurs de CO2, des capteurs infrarouge et/ou des capteurs d'humidité ; - la centrale de combustion est équipée d'un automate, les capteurs communiquent avec ledit automate, et l'automate commande l'injection du liquide non-inflammable dans le combustible contenu dans le système d'alimentation en combustible et/ou la formation du bouchon de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible et/ou la création d'un espace vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible ; et - la centrale comprend en outre un système général de lutte contre les incendies comprenant des capteurs disposés sur l'ensemble de la centrale, un moyen d'extinction des incendies par arrosage de la centrale en liquide et/ou en gaz ininflammable, et un automate de sécurité.Advantageously, - the solid fuel comprises biomass, solid recovered fuels and / or waste - the solid fuel supply system comprises at least one endless screw, the solid fuel being brought to the combustion chamber by said at least one endless screw; - the feed system comprises a first endless screw positioned substantially horizontally with respect to the ground and a second endless screw positioned at the terminal end of the first endless screw, and the solid fuel is conveyed, from a fuel storage tank arranged upstream of the first worm screw at the combustion chamber arranged downstream of the second worm screw, by means of the first and then of the second worm screw; - for the formation of the fuel plug and for the creation of the empty fuel space in the fuel supply system, said at least one endless screw is operated in reverse after having injected the liquid into the fuel contained in the power system; - the solid fuel supply system of the power plant further comprises one or more sensors, and the method further comprises a step according to which one detects, by means of said sensors, a rise of fire in the fuel supply system ; - the sensors are temperature sensors, CO 2 sensors, infrared sensors and / or humidity sensors; - the combustion plant is equipped with a controller, the sensors communicate with said controller, and the controller controls the injection of the non-flammable liquid into the fuel contained in the fuel supply system and / or the formation of fuel plug in the fuel supply system and / or creating a fuel void space in the fuel supply system; and - the plant further comprises a general fire-fighting system comprising sensors arranged throughout the plant, a means of extinguishing fires by spraying the plant with liquid and / or non-flammable gas, and a safety automaton.

La solution proposé de l'invention au problème précité a pour second objet une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide sécurisée contre des incendies, pour la mise en œuvre du procédé tel que décrit ci-dessus, comprenant un foyer de combustion du combustible solide, ledit foyer étant alimenté, en combustible solide, par un système d'alimentation, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens pour injecter un liquide non-inflammable dans le système d'alimentation, des moyens pour former un bouchon de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible, et des moyens pour créer un espace vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible.The proposed solution of the invention to the aforementioned problem has as a second object a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant secured against fires, for the implementation of the method as described above, comprising a fuel combustion chamber. solid, said hearth being supplied with solid fuel by a supply system, characterized in that it further comprises means for injecting a non-flammable liquid into the supply system, means for forming a plug of fuel in the fuel supply system, and means for creating a fuel void space in the fuel supply system.

De manière avantageuse, le système d'alimentation comprend au moins une vis sans fin et au moins un injecteur de liquide non-inflammable.Advantageously, the feed system comprises at least one endless screw and at least one non-flammable liquid injector.

Les phases les plus à risque des centrales de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide sont les phases d'extinction. Ainsi, pour prévenir le risque incendie lors de ces phases, il est nécessaire de priver le système d'un des trois éléments suivants : le combustible, le comburant ou la source de chaleur aussi appelée élément déclencheur. Dans les centrales à combustibles solides et, plus généralement, dans toutes les centrales thermiques, la source de chaleur est présente dès la phase de démarrage de l'installation jusqu'au refroidissement total de la centrale qui peut avoir lieu plusieurs heures après l'extinction de celle-ci. Un combustible solide ne peut être que très difficilement isolé de l'air, séparer le comburant et le combustible dans ces conditions n'est pas une solution envisageable. Un objectif atteint par l'invention est donc d'isoler le combustible de la source de la chaleur pour éviter tout départ de feu. Dans le cas où un feu est déclaré, l'énergie dégagée par la réaction entre le dioxygène et le combustible entretient la combustion. Pour lutter contre l'incendie l'invention permet de priver la réaction d'un de ces réactifs en installant un système coupe-feu.The most risky phases of solid fuel combustion or gasification plants are the extinguishing phases. Thus, to prevent the risk of fire during these phases, it is necessary to deprive the system of one of the following three elements: the fuel, the oxidizer or the heat source also called the trigger. In solid fuel power plants and, more generally, in all thermal power plants, the heat source is present from the start-up phase of the installation until the total cooling of the plant, which can take place several hours after shutdown. of it. A solid fuel can only be isolated with great difficulty from the air; separating the oxidizer and the fuel under these conditions is not a possible solution. An objective achieved by the invention is therefore to isolate the fuel from the heat source to prevent any outbreak of fire. In the event that a fire is declared, the energy released by the reaction between the oxygen and the fuel sustains combustion. To fight against fire, the invention makes it possible to deprive the reaction of one of these reagents by installing a fire stop system.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description non limitative qui suit, rédigée au regard des dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 illustre, de manière schématique, une centrale sécurisée selon le procédé de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2A illustre, de manière schématique, le fonctionnement classique d'une centrale sécurisée selon le procédé de l'invention, en détaillant la progression du combustible solide dans le système d'alimentation ;
  • la figure 2B illustre, de manière schématique, la formation du bouchon et la création de l'espace vide lors de la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'une configuration possible d'une installation pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention ; et
  • la figure 4 est un logigramme représentatif des étapes mises en œuvre dans le procédé selon l'invention, suite à un arrêt d'une centrale de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following non-limiting description, drawn up with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 illustrates, schematically, a secure central according to the method of the invention;
  • the figure 2A illustrates, schematically, the conventional operation of a secure central according to the method of the invention, detailing the progression of solid fuel in the feed system;
  • the figure 2B illustrates, schematically, the formation of the plug and the creation of the empty space during the implementation of the method according to the invention;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic representation of a possible configuration of an installation for implementing the method according to the invention; and
  • the figure 4 is a flowchart representative of the steps implemented in the method according to the invention, following a shutdown of a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Le procédé selon l'invention est un procédé complet de prévention et de lutte contre le risque incendie, la principale source de ce risque étant la remonté de feu dans un système d'alimentation en combustible solide dans une centrale thermique. Ce risque existe en effet notamment dans plusieurs cas de figures, à savoir, lors de l'arrêt de la centrale dans le fonctionnement normal, ou lors d'un disfonctionnement de la centrale qui peut être dû à - un problème technique du système d'extraction des fumées, - l'utilisation d'un combustible non adapté à la centrale thermique, - une erreur humaine lors du pilotage de la centrale, ou - une panne du système de contrôle/commande qui entraine l'arrêt du système, par exemple l'arrêt de l'alimentation en combustible ou du ventilateur de tirage.The method according to the invention is a complete method of preventing and combating the risk of fire, the main source of this risk being the rise of fire in a solid fuel supply system in a thermal power station. This risk exists in particular in several cases, namely, when the plant is shut down in normal operation, or when the plant malfunctions which may be due to - a technical problem with the control system. smoke extraction, - the use of a fuel that is not suitable for the thermal power plant, - human error when operating the power plant, or - a failure of the control / command system which leads to the shutdown of the system, for example stopping the fuel supply or the draft fan.

L'invention concerne en particulier un procédé de sécurisation ou de protection d'une centrale thermique de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide contre les incendies.The invention relates in particular to a method for securing or protecting a thermal power plant. solid fuel combustion or gasification against fires.

Le combustible solide utilisé dans de telles centrales est, dans un exemple, de la biomasse, des combustibles solides de récupération (CSR) et/ou des déchets tels que des déchets ménagers. Il s'agit alors de combustibles dont la structure et la nature ne sont pas homogènes. Il peut cependant s'agir d'autres combustibles, par exemple de combustibles fossiles tels que le charbon.The solid fuel used in such power plants is, in one example, biomass, solid recovered fuels (SRF) and / or wastes such as household waste. These are fuels whose structure and nature are not homogeneous. However, it can be other fuels, for example fossil fuels such as coal.

Les centrales de combustion sont des centrales thermiques, qui produisent une énergie électrique et/ou une énergie thermique à partir d'une source de chaleur, produite par la combustion du combustible solide dans un foyer de combustion.Combustion plants are thermal power plants, which produce electrical energy and / or thermal energy from a heat source, produced by the combustion of solid fuel in a combustion hearth.

Ainsi que cela est illustré en figure 1, le foyer de combustion 1 d'une centrale de combustion 2, est alimenté en combustible solide 3, par un système d'alimentation 4.As illustrated in figure 1 , the combustion chamber 1 of a combustion plant 2, is supplied with solid fuel 3, by a supply system 4.

Dans un exemple, le système d'alimentation 4 en combustible solide comprend au moins une vis sans fin 4-1, 4-2 et la biomasse 3 est convoyée au foyer de combustion 1 par ladite au moins une vis sans fin 4-1, 4-2. Dans un exemple préférentiel, le système d'alimentation 4 comprend une première vis sans fin 4-1 positionnée sensiblement horizontalement par rapport au sol et une seconde vis sans fin 4-2 positionnée, à l'extrémité de la première vis sans fin 4-1, sensiblement verticalement. Le combustible solide 3 est convoyé à partir d'un bac de stockage 5 disposé en amont de la première vis sans fin 4-1 au foyer de combustion 1 disposé en aval de la seconde vis sans fin 4-2 au moyen de la première 4-1 puis de la seconde 4-2 vis sans fin.In one example, the solid fuel supply system 4 comprises at least one endless screw 4-1, 4-2 and the biomass 3 is conveyed to the combustion chamber 1 by said at least one endless screw 4-1, 4-2. In a preferred example, the feed system 4 comprises a first endless screw 4-1 positioned substantially horizontally with respect to the ground and a second endless screw 4-2 positioned, at the end of the first endless screw 4- 1, substantially vertically. The solid fuel 3 is conveyed from a storage tank 5 arranged upstream of the first worm 4-1 to the combustion chamber 1 arranged downstream of the second worm 4-2 using the first 4-1 then the second 4-2 worm.

Le procédé selon l'invention se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend les étapes ci-après.The method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps.

Dans une première étape, on injecte un liquide non-inflammable dans le combustible contenu dans le système d'alimentation en combustible. Il s'agit, dans un exemple, d'eau.In a first step, a non-flammable liquid is injected into the fuel contained in the fuel supply system. It is, in one example, water.

L'injection est réalisée au moyen d'un ou plusieurs injecteurs 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 répartis le long du système d'alimentation et, en particulier, le long de la première vis sans fin 4.1, à savoir la vis sans fin horizontale. Ces injecteurs sont schématisés par des flèches à la figure 1. Ces injecteurs 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 forment un dispositif d'extinction installé sur l'alimentation indépendant du moyen d'extinction du système de lutte général contre les incendies, qui est généralement présent pour toutes les centrales.The injection is carried out by means of one or more injectors 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 distributed along the supply system and, in particular, along the first worm 4.1, namely the horizontal worm screw. These injectors are shown schematically by arrows at the figure 1 . These injectors 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 form an extinguishing device installed on the power supply independent of the extinguishing means of the general fire-fighting system, which is generally present for all power stations.

Le liquide non-inflammable injecté mouille le combustible 3 contenu dans le système d'alimentation et forme des agglomérats de combustible mouillé, à l'endroit des injections de liquide.The injected non-flammable liquid wets the fuel 3 contained in the supply system and forms wet fuel agglomerates at the location of the liquid injections.

Dans une autre étape du procédé selon l'invention, on forme un bouchon 7 de combustible 3 dans le système d'alimentation 4 en combustible. Un tel bouchon 7 est schématisé à la figure 2B.In another step of the process according to the invention, a fuel plug 7 is formed in the fuel supply system 4. Such a plug 7 is shown schematically on figure 2B .

Pour la formation de ce bouchon 7, on fait fonctionner la vis sans fin 4-1 en marche arrière, c'est-à-dire dans le sens inverse à son sens de fonctionnement normal. Lorsque la vis sans fin fonctionne en marche arrière, l'agglomérat de combustible mouillé ne se déplace pas avec la même vitesse dans la vis sans fin que le combustible qui n'a pas été mouillé. Le combustible qui n'a pas été mouillé, et qui est situé en aval du combustible mouillé va venir se tasser sur l'agglomérat et l'agglomérat lui-même va subir un compactage. Le bouchon 7 résulte du compactage de l'agglomérat sous l'action de la marche arrière de la vis sans fin et du tassement du combustible en aval de l'agglomérat. En pratique, lorsque le combustible solide est de la biomasse, la dureté du bouchon 7 obtenu dans la vis sans fin est de l'ordre de celle d'un bouchon de champagne. Il s'agit donc d'une très grande dureté.For the formation of this plug 7, the worm 4-1 is operated in reverse, that is to say in the opposite direction to its normal operating direction. When the worm is operated in reverse, the wet fuel agglomerate does not move with the same speed in the worm as the fuel which has not been wetted. The fuel which has not been wetted, and which is located downstream from the wet fuel, will settle on the agglomerate and the agglomerate itself will undergo compaction. The plug 7 results from the compacting of the agglomerate under the action of the reverse gear of the endless screw and the settling of the fuel downstream of the agglomerate. In practice, when the solid fuel is biomass, the hardness of the stopper 7 obtained in the endless screw is of the order of that of a champagne cork. It is therefore a matter of very great hardness.

Dans une autre étape du procédé selon l'invention, on crée un espace 8 vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible. Cet espace vide 8 résulte en partie du tassement de la biomasse non-mouillée formant le bouchon 7, mais aussi, du fait que la vis sans fin fonctionne en marche arrière et qu'aucune source de combustible n'est apportée à l'entrée de la vis sans fin.In another step of the process according to the invention, a fuel empty space 8 is created in the fuel supply system. This empty space 8 results in part from the settling of the non-wetted biomass forming the plug 7, but also from the fact that the worm screw operates in reverse and that no fuel source is supplied to the inlet of the valve. the worm.

Ainsi que cela est illustré à la figure 3, le système d'alimentation en combustible solide de la centrale comprend en outre un ou plusieurs capteurs. Selon l'invention, on détecte, au moyen desdits capteurs, une remontée de feu dans le système d'alimentation en combustible. Les capteurs sont avantageusement des capteurs de température notés TC sur la figure 3, pour thermocouple, des capteurs de CO2, des capteurs infrarouge IR et/ou des capteurs d'humidité.As illustrated in figure 3 , the power plant solid fuel supply system further comprises one or more sensors. According to the invention, a rise of fire in the fuel supply system is detected by means of said sensors. The sensors are advantageously temperature sensors noted TC on the figure 3 , for thermocouple, CO 2 sensors, infrared IR sensors and / or humidity sensors.

Par ailleurs, la centrale est avantageusement équipée d'un automate. Les capteurs précités communiquent alors avec ledit automate. L'automate contrôle les étapes du procédé selon l'invention, à savoir l'injection du liquide non-inflammable dans le combustible contenu dans le système d'alimentation en combustible et/ou la formation du bouchon de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible et/ou la création d'un espace vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible.Furthermore, the central unit is advantageously equipped with an automatic device. The aforementioned sensors then communicate with said automaton. The controller controls the steps of the method according to the invention, namely the injection of the non-flammable liquid into the fuel contained in the fuel supply system and / or the formation of the fuel plug in the supply system. fuel and / or the creation of a fuel void space in the fuel supply system.

L'automate précité est, dans un exemple de mise en œuvre de l'invention, l'automate assurant le contrôle et la commande de la centrale. Il est noté Automate Principal Contrôle-Commande à la figure 3. Une fonction de cet automate est finalement de faire communiquer les capteurs avec le dispositif d'extinction de l'alimentation combustible. Il permet aussi d'envoyer des alarmes à l'opérateur via l'interface homme-machine. Lorsque le système de capteurs détecte un incendie dans le convoyeur, l'automate déclenche le dispositif d'extinction du système d'alimentation en biomasse. Ce dispositif d'extinction comprend les moyens d'amener de l'eau aux injecteurs à partir de la réserve d'eau et/ou du réseau d'eau public, et les moyens de commande de la rotation des vis sans fin et notamment de la vis sans fin horizontale qui fait marche arrière.The aforementioned automaton is, in an exemplary implementation of the invention, the automaton ensuring the control and command of the plant. It is noted Main Control-Command PLC at the figure 3 . One function of this controller is ultimately to make the sensors communicate with the fuel supply extinguishing device. It also makes it possible to send alarms to the operator via the man-machine interface. When the sensor system detects a fire in the conveyor, the automaton triggers the extinguishing device of the biomass supply system. This extinguishing device comprises the means for supplying water to the injectors from the water reserve and / or the public water network, and the means for controlling the rotation of the worm screws and in particular for the horizontal endless screw which reverses.

Bien entendu, le procédé de sécurisation selon l'invention, ainsi que les moyens de mise en œuvre de ce procédé, n'exclut pas la présence d'un système général de lutte contre les incendies, destiné à permettre d'éteindre des incendies sur l'ensemble de la centrale. Un tel système général fonctionne sur une alimentation électrique différente du système de lutte particulier selon l'invention décrit précédemment et, de préférence, sur une alimentation secourue en cas de coupure électrique. Il est également composé de trois parties communicant entre elles.Of course, the securing method according to the invention, as well as the means for implementing this method, does not exclude the presence of a general security system. fire fighting, intended to extinguish fires throughout the plant. Such a general system operates on a different power supply from the particular control system according to the invention described above and, preferably, on a back-up power supply in the event of a power cut. It is also made up of three parts communicating with each other.

Il s'agit, premièrement, d'un système de capteurs disposés sur l'ensemble de la centrale, par exemple, des capteurs UV ou IR destinés à la détection de feu sur batterie ou des capteurs de température, de CO2 ou encore d'humidité. Ces capteurs sont disposés à différents endroits de la centrale où un risque incendie a été identifié, par exemple au lieu du stockage du combustible, au niveau des convoyeurs, sur le système de filtration des fumées, au niveau de l'électronique de puissance. De la même manière que pour le système pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, les capteurs sont au minimum doublés.It is, firstly, a system of sensors placed on the whole of the central unit, for example, UV or IR sensors intended for the detection of fire on battery or sensors of temperature, CO 2 or else of 'humidity. These sensors are placed in different places of the plant where a fire risk has been identified, for example at the fuel storage place, at the level of the conveyors, on the fume filtration system, at the level of the power electronics. In the same way as for the system for implementing the method according to the invention, the sensors are at least doubled.

Il s'agit, deuxièmement, d'un moyen d'extinction indépendant de celui utilisé par le moyen de lutte particulier selon l'invention, qui est composé d'un réseau d'eau permettant d'arroser toutes les zones où le risque incendie est identifié. Une des ramifications du système donne directement dans le système d'alimentation de la centrale. Il est activé par une source électrique au minimum secourue et dans la meilleure des configurations, totalement indépendante du réseau électrique.It is, secondly, an extinguishing means independent of that used by the particular means of fight according to the invention, which is composed of a water network making it possible to irrigate all the areas where the fire risk. is identified. One of the ramifications of the system leads directly into the power plant power system. It is activated by an electrical source with minimum back-up and in the best possible configuration, completely independent of the electrical network.

Il s'agit, troisièmement, d'un automate de sécurité, différent de l'automate utilisé pour le système de contrôle-commande de la centrale. Cet automate a une source d'alimentation électrique secourue et/ou indépendante du réseau électrique. Cet automate gère de façon autonome les capteurs d'incendie et le déclenchement des actions d'alarme et d'extinction incendie. Il communique également les alarmes à l'automate de contrôle-commande gérant la centrale.Third, it is a safety PLC, different from the PLC used for the security system. plant control and command. This PLC has a back-up electrical power source and / or independent from the electrical network. This automaton autonomously manages the fire sensors and the triggering of alarm and fire extinguishing actions. It also communicates the alarms to the instrumentation and control automaton managing the central unit.

En définitive, le procédé selon l'invention forme un système de lutte anti-incendie efficace, qui permet à la fois de prévenir le risque d'incendie et de le combattre si un incendie se déclenche. Dans des installations de combustion, le risque incendie est très présent, mais la combustion est aussi le cœur du métier et, par suite, la source de revenu. Devant un enjeu aussi important, il n'est pas concevable qu'un problème technique ou mécanique mette en péril l'intégralité de l'installation. Le procédé selon l'invention permet de prévenir ce risque.Ultimately, the method according to the invention forms an effective fire-fighting system, which makes it possible both to prevent the risk of fire and to fight it if a fire breaks out. In combustion plants, the risk of fire is very present, but combustion is also the heart of the business and, therefore, the source of income. Faced with such an important issue, it is not conceivable that a technical or mechanical problem could jeopardize the entire installation. The method according to the invention makes it possible to prevent this risk.

La prévention contre l'incendie consiste en une série d'actions réalisées automatiquement lors de l'arrêt de la centrale, qui est la phase la plus à risques, cet arrêt pouvant subvenir suite à un arrêt normal demandé par un opérateur, ou suite à un incident soudain et/ou imprévisible dû à des erreurs humaines ou des défaillances techniques.Fire prevention consists of a series of actions carried out automatically when the plant is shut down, which is the most risky phase, this shutdown being able to occur following a normal shutdown requested by an operator, or following a a sudden and / or unforeseeable incident due to human error or technical failures.

Pour limiter les risques de départ de feu lors de l'arrêt de la centrale, une routine préventive qui comporte deux phases est mise en place. Une première phase rend non-inflammable le combustible présent dans le système d'alimentation. Il peut s'agir d'une injection d'eau qui imbibe le combustible et le rend incombustible. Le combustible présent dans le convoyeur ne peut alors pas prendre feu. Une seconde phase permet de former un bouchon de combustible tout en créant un espace « vide » de combustible. Cela permet de limiter les risques de remontée de feu ou de fumées via le système d'alimentation grâce au bouchon de combustible humide formé. Cela sert aussi de double sécurité en cas de défaillance de la première action. En effet, l'espace vide limite les risques de remontée de feu et le bouchon de combustible formé permet de ralentir le feu et diminuer l'apport d'air à la combustion en cours. Le bouchon formé est ainsi avantageusement pérenne jusqu'au refroidissement total de la centrale. Il sera évacué au
redémarrage de celle-ci.To limit the risk of fire starting when the power plant is shut down, a preventive routine that includes two phases is put in place. A first phase makes the fuel present in the supply system non-flammable. It can be an injection of water which soaks the fuel and makes it non-combustible. the fuel in the conveyor cannot then catch fire. A second phase makes it possible to form a fuel plug while creating an “empty” fuel space. This makes it possible to limit the risks of fire or smoke rising through the supply system thanks to the formed wet fuel plug. This also serves as double safety in the event of failure of the first action. In fact, the empty space limits the risks of fire rising and the fuel plug formed makes it possible to slow down the fire and reduce the supply of air to the combustion in progress. The plug formed is thus advantageously long-lasting until the plant has completely cooled down. It will be evacuated to
restarting it.

Les phases précitées peuvent être réalisées manuellement mais, dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, il s'agira d'une séquence programmée dans le système de contrôle-commande de la centrale.The aforementioned phases can be carried out manually but, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be a sequence programmed in the control-command system of the plant.

Par ailleurs, lors d'une défaillance technique ou humaine provoquant un défaut de la centrale, ladite centrale peut se mettre automatiquement en position dite de sécurité à l'arrêt afin de limiter les risques humains, matériels et d'incendie. Dans la présente invention les deux phases préventives présentées précédemment sont mises en place, à savoir l'injection d'un liquide pour rendre le combustible ininflammable et la mise en œuvre une séquence automatique du convoyeur créant un espace vide en combustible et un « bouchon » de combustible.Furthermore, in the event of a technical or human failure causing a fault in the plant, said plant can automatically put itself in a so-called shutdown safety position in order to limit human, material and fire risks. In the present invention the two preventive phases presented above are implemented, namely the injection of a liquid to make the fuel non-flammable and the implementation of an automatic sequence of the conveyor creating an empty space in fuel and a "plug". of fuel.

Ces deux phases ne se déroulent pas nécessairement dans les mêmes conditions que dans le cas d'un arrêt normal.These two phases do not necessarily take place under the same conditions as in the case of a normal shutdown.

Les quantités de liquide non-inflammable injectées peuvent être différentes, la séquence de formation du bouchon peut aussi être différente. Seul le principe reste le même.The quantities of non-flammable liquid injected may be different, the sequence of formation of the plug may also be different. Only the principle remains the same.

Le procédé selon l'invention présente donc de nombreux avantages répondant aux problématiques posées de l'art antérieur. Dans l'invention, l'intégralité du système correctif est redondante. Cette répétition permet de ne pas mettre en péril toute l'installation pour un simple problème technique ou un défaut de capteurs. Les systèmes énergétiques permettant le fonctionnement des deux parties préventives et correctives sont totalement différenciés. Cela permet de maintenir une protection en cas de défaut d'alimentation de l'un comme de l'autre. Le système préventif, notamment le système coupe-feu du système d'alimentation, est un dispositif simple et adapté aux combustibles solides. Du fait de l'absence d'élément mécanique supplémentaire dédié au dispositif coupe-feu, ce système est très peu couteux et robuste. Du fait de la configuration du système et des précautions prises dans la partie préventive de l'invention, le risque de retour de feu pendant le fonctionnement normal de la centrale est très limité et quasiment inexistant. Le système de prévention du retour de flamme est limité spatialement à l'alimentation du combustible, ce qui préserve le foyer de la centrale.The method according to the invention therefore exhibits numerous advantages which respond to the issues raised by the prior art. In the invention, the entire corrective system is redundant. This repetition makes it possible not to jeopardize the entire installation for a simple technical problem or a sensor fault. The energy systems allowing the operation of both preventive and corrective parts are totally differentiated. This makes it possible to maintain protection in the event of a power failure of one or the other. The preventive system, in particular the fire stop system of the supply system, is a simple device suitable for solid fuels. Due to the absence of an additional mechanical element dedicated to the fire stop device, this system is very inexpensive and robust. Due to the configuration of the system and the precautions taken in the preventive part of the invention, the risk of backfire during normal operation of the plant is very limited and virtually non-existent. The backfire prevention system is spatially limited to the fuel supply, which preserves the power plant hearth.

On notera que, dans le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, à savoir le mode de réalisation présenté dans les figures 1, 2A, 2B et 3, la centrale peut être arrêtée pour deux raisons : soit l'opérateur décide d'éteindre la centrale et l'éteint via une Interface Homme-Machine ; soit un incident intervient et déclenche la mise en sécurité de la centrale. Dans ces conditions une procédure d'arrêt accélérée est déclenchée afin de refroidir rapidement la centrale de couper tout apport de combustible.It will be noted that, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, namely the embodiment presented in the figures 1, 2A, 2B and 3 , the control unit can be stopped for two reasons: either the operator decides to shut down the control unit and turns it off via a Human-Machine Interface; either an incident occurs and triggers the plant security. Under these conditions an accelerated shutdown procedure is triggered in order to quickly cool the power station and cut off any fuel supply.

Pour limiter les risques de retour de flamme dû à la présence de biomasse immobile à proximité du foyer, on met en œuvre des étapes en séquence automatique d'injection d'eau et de formation d'un bouchon de combustible. La vis verticale est stoppée pour arrêter l'alimentation du réacteur en combustible. Une électrovanne s'ouvre pour injecter de l'eau du réseau dans la vis afin d'humidifier le combustible. La vis horizontale recule afin de créer un bouchon de combustible humide tout en créant un espace vide de biomasse. De l'eau est régulièrement injectée pour s'assurer qu'aucune remontée de feu ne se fasse.To limit the risk of flashback due to the presence of immobile biomass near the fireplace, steps are implemented in automatic sequence of water injection and formation of a fuel plug. The vertical screw is stopped to stop the supply of fuel to the reactor. A solenoid valve opens to inject mains water into the screw in order to humidify the fuel. The horizontal screw moves back to create a plug of wet fuel while creating an empty space of biomass. Water is regularly injected to ensure that no fire escalates.

Un exemple de séquence du contrôle-commande permettant de réaliser l'arrosage du combustible et de former le bouchon de combustible lors d'un arrêt normal est donné dans le logigramme montré à la figure 4. La séquence lors d'un arrêt accidentel sera proche en terme de logigramme. Les temporisations, les quantités d'eau injectées et les vitesses de recul des vis seront différentes et dépendent du combustibles et de la configuration de la centrale.An example of the control-command sequence making it possible to sprinkle the fuel and form the fuel cap during a normal shutdown is given in the flowchart shown in section figure 4 . The sequence during an accidental shutdown will be similar in terms of flowchart. The time delays, the quantities of water injected and the screw retraction speeds will be different and depend on the fuel and the configuration of the plant.

La centrale selon l'invention comporte donc deux systèmes correctifs totalement indépendants et redondants. Il s'agit du système de lutte particulier relatif à l'alimentation en combustible et du système général de lutte contre l'incendie.The plant according to the invention therefore comprises two completely independent and redundant corrective systems. These are the specific fire fighting system relating to the fuel supply and the general fire fighting system.

EXEMPLE : SYSTEME DE LUTTE PARTICULIER RELATIF A L'ALIMENTATION EN COMBUSTIBLE EXAMPLE: SPECIAL CONTROL SYSTEM RELATING TO THE FUEL SUPPLY

L'alimentation en combustible étant le point le plus sensible il est important d'assurer une redondance du système anti-incendie en ce point. Dans cet exemple, le système particulier de lutte contre l'incendie de la présente invention est tel que décrit dans la présente demande. Elles sont résumées ci-après. L'intégralité du système fonctionne sur le réseau électrique et dispose d'un système de batterie en cas de coupure.Since the fuel supply is the most sensitive point, it is important to ensure redundancy of the fire prevention system at this point. In this example, the particular fire fighting system of the present invention is as described in the present application. They are summarized below. The entire system operates on the electrical network and has a battery system in the event of an outage.

Système de détectionDetection system

Il se compose de trois thermocouples TC (voir Fig. 3) qui mesurent la température en trois point différents au niveau du système d'alimentation. Ils sont fixés sur la goulotte de la vis de convoyage. Ces thermocouples sont des transmetteurs qui communiquent leurs informations au contrôle-commande de la centrale.It consists of three TC thermocouples (see Fig. 3 ) which measure the temperature at three different points in the supply system. They are attached to the chute of the conveyor screw. These thermocouples are transmitters which communicate their information to the control panel of the plant.

Automate programmableProgrammable robot

Il s'agit de l'automate programmable industrielle du contrôle commande de la centrale. En cas de défaut relevé par les thermocouples TC, différents niveaux sont atteints. Niveau 1 : alarme pour l'opérateur, pas d'action particulière. Niveau 2 : ouverture de l'électrovanne utilisée dans le système préventif qui est raccordée au réseau d'eau. Niveau 3 : transmission de l'alarme à l'automate de sécurité incendie général. Ce dernier niveau permet de faire une redondance sur l'injection d'eau car le système déclenché par l'automate de sécurité incendie général utilise une autre source d'eau, à savoir un réservoir indépendant. Lorsqu'une alarme provient de l'automate de sécurité incendie général (feu détecté ailleurs sur la centrale), le système particulier de lutte contre l'incendie est déclenché par sécuritéThis is the industrial programmable controller for the control command of the plant. In the event of a fault detected by the TC thermocouples, different levels are reached. Level 1: alarm for the operator, no particular action. Level 2: opening of the solenoid valve used in the preventive system which is connected to the water network. Level 3: transmission of the alarm to the general fire safety automaton. This last level allows redundancy on the water injection because the system triggered by the general fire safety automaton uses another water source, namely an independent tank. When an alarm comes from the general fire safety automaton (fire detected elsewhere on the control panel), the particular fire fighting system is triggered by safety

Système d'extinctionExtinguishing system

Ce système comprend trois parties. It s'agit tout d'abord d'une tuyauterie alimentée par l'eau sous pression du réseau d'eau potable. Il s'agit ensuite d'une électrovanne communiquant avec le système de contrôle-commande ainsi qu'une vanne manuelle de by-pass, cette dernière permettant à un opérateur d'agir directement et d'arroser la biomasse même sans électricité ou sans automate s'il détecte un incendie. Il s'agit enfin d'une
buse d'injection disposée directement à l'intérieur du système d'alimentation en combustible.This system has three parts. It is first of all a pipe supplied by pressurized water from the drinking water network. It is then a solenoid valve communicating with the control system as well as a manual bypass valve, the latter allowing an operator to act directly and water the biomass even without electricity or without a controller. if it detects a fire. It is finally a
injection nozzle arranged directly inside the fuel supply system.

EXEMPLE : SYTEME GENERAL DE LUTTE CONTRE L'INCENDIE EXAMPLE: GENERAL FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

Le système général de lutte contre l'incendie s'inscrit dans un système plus grand de lutte contre les risques industriels tels que la production de CO, de CH4 ou d'H2. Dans cet exemple, il comprend, selon l'invention, trois parties redondantes et indépendantes du système de lutte particulier relatif à l'alimentation en combustible. Ces trois parties sont présentées ci-après.The general fire fighting system is part of a larger system for fighting industrial risks such as the production of CO, CH 4 or H 2 . In this example, it comprises, according to the invention, three redundant and independent parts of the particular control system relating to the fuel supply. These three parts are presented below.

Système de détectionDetection system

Il est composé de deux détecteurs de flammes UV/IR pour s'assurer de la redondance de la mesure qui détectent d'éventuelles flammes. Ces capteurs utilisent 2 technologies, UV et IR, afin d'augmenter la pertinence de la mesure. Ils communiquent leurs informations à un automate de sécurité indépendant. Ils fonctionnent grâce une batterie interne.It is made up of two UV / IR flame detectors to ensure the redundancy of the measurement which detects any flames. These sensors use 2 technologies, UV and IR, in order to increase the relevance of the measurement. They communicate their information to a independent safety PLC. They work with an internal battery.

Automate programmable indépendantIndependent programmable logic controller

Il s'agit de l'automate de sécurité indépendant responsable de l'intégralité du système de lutte contre les risques liés au feu et au gaz sur l'ensemble de la centrale. Dans le cas où les capteurs de flammes détectent une anomalie, cet automate déclenche le système d'extinction général de la centrale, prévient l'opérateur et le personnel par une signalétique sonore et visuelle, et transmet l'alarme à l'automate industrielle programmable. L'automate fonctionne grâce à une batterie interne.It is the independent safety controller responsible for the entire fire and gas risk control system throughout the plant. In the event that the flame sensors detect an anomaly, this automaton triggers the general extinguisher system of the plant, warns the operator and the staff by an audible and visual signage, and transmits the alarm to the programmable industrial automaton. . The controller operates using an internal battery.

Système d'extinctionExtinguishing system

Ce système est composé de différentes parties : - une réserve de 10 m3 d'eau, le volume dépendant de la taille de la centrale et des zones de stockage ; - une pompe Diesel permettant d'envoyer l'eau du réservoir sur l'ensemble du réseau incendie ; - un réseau d'eau incendie indépendant du réseau d'eau public et totalement
dédié à ce système, relié à la cuve et à la pompe ; et - un ensemble de buses d'injection d'eau positionné au-dessus de chaque réserve de biomasse, système de convoyage de combustible ou autre zone avec un risque d'incendie identifié.This system is made up of different parts: - a reserve of 10 m 3 of water, the volume depending on the size of the power plant and the storage areas; - a diesel pump to send the water from the tank to the entire fire network; - a fire water network independent of the public water network and totally
dedicated to this system, connected to the tank and the pump; and a set of water injection nozzles positioned above each reserve of biomass, fuel conveying system or other zone with an identified fire risk.

En pratique, lors du déclenchement du système général, la pompe démarre automatiquement et envoie l'eau du réservoir à travers le réseau incendie. L'eau est alors projetée à tous les endroits susceptibles d'être en feu. Cela permet d'avoir une certitude d'envoyer de l'eau sur le lieu de l'incendie mais aussi d'éviter un effet d'emballement. Ainsi, si l'incendie n'est pas arrêté là où il a débuté car il est trop violent ou pour tout autre raison, l'ensemble des autres zones susceptibles d'apporter une charge au feu est humidifié et inhibé.In practice, when the general system is triggered, the pump starts automatically and sends the water from the tank through the fire network. The water is then projected to all places likely to be on fire. This makes it possible to have the certainty of sending water to the place of the fire but also to avoid a runaway effect. Thus, if the fire is not stopped where it started because it is too violent or for any other reason, all of the other zones likely to bring a load to the fire are humidified and inhibited.

Claims (11)

Procédé de sécurisation, contre des incendies, d'une centrale (2) de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide (3) comprenant un foyer de combustion (1) du combustible solide (3), ledit foyer (1) étant alimenté, en combustible solide (3), par un système d'alimentation (4), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes selon lesquelles : on injecte un liquide non inflammable dans le combustible (3) contenu dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible ; on forme un bouchon (7) de combustible (3) dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible ; et on crée un espace (8) vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible. Method for securing, against fires, a solid fuel combustion or gasification plant (2) (3) comprising a combustion chamber (1) of the solid fuel (3), said fireplace (1) being fed, in solid fuel (3), by a supply system (4), characterized in that it comprises the following steps according to which: a non-flammable liquid is injected into the fuel (3) contained in the fuel supply system (4); forming a plug (7) of fuel (3) in the fuel supply system (4); and a fuel empty space (8) is created in the fuel supply system. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le combustible solide (3) comprend de la biomasse, des combustibles solides de récupération et/ou des déchets.Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the solid fuel (3) comprises biomass, solid recovered fuels and / or waste. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, en ce que le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible solide comprend au moins une vis sans fin, le combustible étant amené au foyer (1) de combustion par ladite au moins une vis sans fin.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, in that the solid fuel supply system (4) comprises at least one endless screw, the fuel being brought to the combustion chamber (1) by said at least one screw unending. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le système d'alimentation (4) comprend une première vis sans fin (4-1) positionnée sensiblement horizontalement par rapport au sol et une seconde vis sans fin (4-2) positionnée à l'extrémité terminale de la première vis sans fin (4-1), et en ce que le combustible solide (3) est convoyé, à partir d'un bac de stockage (5) du combustible disposé en amont de la première vis sans fin (4-1) au foyer de combustion (1) disposé au aval de la seconde vis sans fin, au moyen de la première (4-1) puis de la seconde (4-2) vis sans fin.Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the feed system (4) comprises a first worm screw (4-1) positioned substantially horizontally with respect to the ground and a second worm screw (4-2) positioned at the bottom. 'terminal end of the first worm screw (4-1), and in that the solid fuel (3) is conveyed, from a fuel storage tank (5) arranged upstream of the first worm screw (4-1) the combustion chamber (1) arranged downstream of the second worm screw, by means of the first (4-1) then the second (4-2) worm. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que, pour la formation du bouchon (7) de combustible et pour la création de l'espace (8) vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible, on fait fonctionner ladite au moins une vis sans fin (4-1) en marche arrière après avoir injecté le liquide dans le combustible (3) contenu dans le système d'alimentation (4).Method according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that , for the formation of the fuel plug (7) and for the creation of the empty space (8) of fuel in the supply system (4) by fuel, said at least one endless screw (4-1) is operated in reverse after having injected the liquid into the fuel (3) contained in the supply system (4). Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible solide (3) de la centrale comprend en outre un ou plusieurs capteurs, et en ce qu'il comprend en outre une étape selon laquelle on détecte, au moyen du ou desdits capteurs, une remontée de feu dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply system (4) with solid fuel (3) of the plant further comprises one or more sensors, and in that it further comprises a step according to which is detected, by means of said sensor (s), a rise in fire in the fuel supply system (4). Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le ou les capteurs sont des capteurs de température, des capteurs de CO2, des capteurs infrarouge et/ou des capteurs d'humidité.Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the sensor (s) are temperature sensors, CO 2 sensors, infrared sensors and / or humidity sensors. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la centrale de combustion (2) est équipée d'un automate, en ce que le ou les capteurs communiquent avec ledit automate, et en ce que l'automate commande l'injection du liquide non-inflammable dans le combustible (3) contenu dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible et/ou la formation du bouchon (7) de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible et/ou la création de l'espace (8) vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible.Method according to one of Claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the combustion plant (2) is equipped with a controller, in that the sensor (s) communicate with said controller, and in that the controller controls the injection of the non-flammable liquid into the fuel (3) contained in the fuel supply system (4) and / or the formation of the fuel plug (7) in the fuel supply system and / or creating the empty fuel space (8) in the fuel supply system (4). Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la centrale comprend en outre un système général de lutte contre les incendies comprenant des capteurs disposés sur l'ensemble de la centrale, un moyen d'extinction des incendies par arrosage de la centrale en liquide et/ou en gaz ininflammable, et un automate de sécurité.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plant further comprises a general fire fighting system comprising sensors arranged on the whole of the plant, means for extinguishing fires by sprinkling the plant. in liquid and / or non-flammable gas, and a safety automatic device. Centrale (2) de combustion ou de gazéification à combustible solide (3) sécurisée contre des incendies, pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant un foyer (1) de combustion du combustible solide (3), ledit foyer (1) étant alimenté, en combustible solide (3), par un système d'alimentation (4), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre des moyens pour injecter un liquide non-inflammable dans le système d'alimentation (4), des moyens pour former un bouchon (7) de combustible (3) dans le système d'alimentation (4) en combustible, et des moyens pour créer un espace (8) vide de combustible dans le système d'alimentation en combustible.Combustion or gasification plant (2) with solid fuel (3) secured against fires, for the implementation of the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a combustion chamber (1) for the combustion of the solid fuel (3) ), said hearth (1) being supplied, with solid fuel (3), by a supply system (4), characterized in that it further comprises means for injecting a non-flammable liquid into the system of supply (4), means for forming a plug (7) of fuel (3) in the fuel supply system (4), and means for creating an empty space (8) of fuel in the supply system in fuel. Centrale (2) selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le système d'alimentation (4) comprend au moins une vis sans fin (4-1, 4-2) et au moins un injecteur (6-1, 6-2, 6-3) de liquide non-inflammable.Power plant (2) according to claim 10, characterized in that the feed system (4) comprises at least one worm screw (4-1, 4-2) and at least one injector (6-1, 6-2 , 6-3) of non-flammable liquid.
EP21153321.1A 2020-02-18 2021-01-25 Method for securing a combustion or gasification plant against fire Active EP3868445B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2001598A FR3107338B1 (en) 2020-02-18 2020-02-18 Method for securing a combustion or gasification plant against fires

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EP3868445A1 true EP3868445A1 (en) 2021-08-25
EP3868445B1 EP3868445B1 (en) 2023-03-22

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EP (1) EP3868445B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2942141T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3107338B1 (en)
MA (1) MA53940B1 (en)
PL (1) PL3868445T3 (en)
PT (1) PT3868445T (en)

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FR2615931A1 (en) 1987-05-26 1988-12-02 Raas Jean Bernard Fire safety device for solid-fuel-burning boilers
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EP3015136A1 (en) 2014-10-27 2016-05-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for detecting fire in a biomass storage system and related biomass storage system
CN106056824A (en) 2016-08-01 2016-10-26 国网节能服务有限公司 Biomass power plant material field fire monitoring and management system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2873703A (en) 1955-06-02 1959-02-17 V & E Products Inc Safety device for preventing hopper fires in coal furnaces
WO1981002922A1 (en) * 1980-04-01 1981-10-15 A Ekenberg Shavings-or chips-fired burner unit for heating boilers
EP0202681A2 (en) * 1985-05-23 1986-11-26 Stubinen Utveckling AB Apparatus for the combustion and/or thermal decomposition of combustibles, particularly solid fuels like peat, coal, wood, straw or refuse
FR2615931A1 (en) 1987-05-26 1988-12-02 Raas Jean Bernard Fire safety device for solid-fuel-burning boilers
RU2287474C1 (en) 2005-05-03 2006-11-20 Дмитрий Борисович Кучин Screw conveyors fire protection device (versions)
CN202554782U (en) 2012-04-27 2012-11-28 泰安市泰山东城热电有限责任公司 Automatic fire extinguishing system for feeder of biomass boiler
DE202014104897U1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2014-10-28 Lasco Heutechnik Gmbh Mobile solid fuel firing system
EP3015136A1 (en) 2014-10-27 2016-05-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for detecting fire in a biomass storage system and related biomass storage system
CN106056824A (en) 2016-08-01 2016-10-26 国网节能服务有限公司 Biomass power plant material field fire monitoring and management system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3107338B1 (en) 2022-12-30
PL3868445T3 (en) 2023-05-02
MA53940B1 (en) 2023-05-31
ES2942141T3 (en) 2023-05-30
FR3107338A1 (en) 2021-08-20
EP3868445B1 (en) 2023-03-22
PT3868445T (en) 2023-04-11
MA53940A (en) 2022-03-23

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