Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
  • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
  • H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
  • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
  • H04L1/0057—Block codes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
  • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
  • H04L1/0059—Convolutional codes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) in wireless communication technologies, particularly HARQ for IEEE 802.11, i.e. HARQ for Wi-Fi.
• HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
• the invention proposes a transmitting device and a receiving device, respectively, both configured to support such HARQ in Wi-Fi, and further proposes corresponding HARQ methods that are compatible with IEEE 802.11.
• the bits/QAMs (QAMs being symbols of Quadrature Amplitude Modification (QAM)) to be transmitted undergo some form of interleaving in frequency.
• the interleaving sequence depends, typically, on the transmission parameters such as the bandwidth, modulation, coding rate, etc. Furthermore, this interleaving sequence does not change with time, which means that consecutive retransmissions using the same transmission parameters (e.g. same bandwidth, same modulation and coding rate) will undergo the same, identical interleaving.
• HARQ is a feature widely used in various wireless technologies such as UMTS and LTE (where it is mandatory). Unlike ARQ, where packets decoded incorrectly are discarded at the receiver and are then retransmitted (by the transmitter), with HARQ - soft combining (or combining of equalized tones) is enabled. This means that the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) respective to incorrectly decoded packets are stored in memory and combined with retransmissions of the same information bits, thus increasing the probability for correct packet detection (after retransmission).
• LLRs log-likelihood ratios
• HARQ is now being considered for the next generation 802.11 standard, called Extreme High Throughput (EHT).
• EHT Extreme High Throughput
• failed packets are not discarded, but rather the LLRs (or equalizer outputs) are stored in memory to be combined with future retransmissions, hence improving the probability for correct detection.
• HARQ improves the performance by combining several retransmissions, which experience a potentially different channel and noise/interference.
• the thermal noise which changes between retransmissions, can be averaged and hence reduced - improving the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver.
• SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
• changes in the channel between transmission and retransmission stemming from the channel varying over time, and/or an introduction of frequency diversity between retransmissions, can yield further gain.
• 802.11 uses an interleaver to spread the bits/QAMs in frequency such that they experience frequency diversity, and a fade in frequency affects bits which are not consecutive.
• embodiments of the present invention aim to introduce HARQ to the next generation of 802.11.
• an objective is to employ the full benefit of HARQ in Wi-Fi.
• the embodiments of the invention aim to enable HARQ retransmissions to experience some sort of frequency diversity.
• the objective is achieved by embodiments as provided in the enclosed independent claims.
• Advantageous implementations of the embodiments are further defined in the dependent claims.
• a first aspect of the invention provides a transmitting device for supporting HARQ, the transmitting device being configured to: select a first interleaving sequence; interleave a data unit using the first interleaving sequence to obtain a first interleaved data unit to be transmitted to a receiving device; and if a retransmission of the data unit is required: select a second interleaving sequence, and interleave the data unit using the second interleaving sequence to obtain a second interleaved data unit to be transmitted to the receiving device.
• a data unit may be a sequence of bits/QAMs.
• the device of the first aspect enables bits/QAMs within multiple (identical or nearly identical) retransmission to experience a different channel, hence improving the performance after HARQ combining at the receiver side.
• the interleaving sequence is changed between (re)transmissions. This means that if a transmission fails, the retransmitted bits/QAMs will be transmitted using a different interleaving sequence, i.e. on different channels, so that they will experience frequency diversity and hence performance is improved.
• the transmitting device of the first aspect achieves better performance with the introduction of HARQ into 802.11 than conventional transmitting devices.
• the transmitting device is configured to: select the first interleaving sequence based on one or more transmission parameters, particularly based on a transmission signal bandwidth; and/or select the second interleaving sequence based on the first interleaving sequence.
• the first interleaving sequence is selected based on transmission parameters (e.g. bandwidth, modulation and coding rate). Conventionally, consecutive retransmissions using the same transmission parameters (e.g. same bandwidth, same modulation and coding rate) will undergo identical interleaving.
• the second interleaving sequence in retransmission is selected differently than in the previous transmission, e.g. based on the first interleaving sequence.
• the second interleaving sequence is the first interleaving sequence cyclically shifted in the frequency domain.
• the second interleaving sequence is selected using the existing first interleaving sequence, as defined in the 802.11 standard, either for BCC, or LDPC, or Turbo encoding, and cyclically shifting it.
• the first interleaving sequence is cyclically shifted by half the signal bandwidth (e.g. if the signal is transmitted on 100 subcarriers, the shift would be by 50 subcarriers). This solution is simple to implement, and the existing interleaving sequence can be read from the memory and applied.
• the second interleaving sequence is the first interleaving sequence flipped in the frequency domain.
• the second interleaving sequence is selected using the existing first interleaving sequence, and flipping it in frequency.
• This solution is also simple to implement, and the existing interleaving sequence can again be read from the memory and mapped upwards instead of downwards in frequency.
• the second interleaved data unit is identical to the data unit.
• an interleaver in one (or more) of the retransmission, may effectively not be used.
• the retransmitted data unit after interleaving it with the second interleaving sequence is identical to the original data unit (before the first interleaving). This may be implemented similar to what is done in the HE-SIG- A field (802.1 lax) in Extended Range mode, where half of the data field is interleaved and the other half is not.
• the transmitting device is configured to indicate to the receiving device the first and/or second interleaving sequence.
• the receiver should know what interleaving sequence is used at the transmitter side, in order to correctly perform de-interleaving and decode the transmitted data.
• An indication may thus be sent to the receiving device, regarding the first and/or second interleaving sequence, i.e. indicating either one or both.
• the transmitting device is configured to indicate to the receiving device the second interleaving sequence using a SIG field.
• the interleaving sequence (or change in interleaving sequence) may be signaled within one of the SIG fields to configure the receiver properly.
• the amount of bits dedicated for the interleaver signaling should support all supported manipulations. For instance, for K manipulations on it (e.g. different cyclic shifts), log2 (K) bits will be required.
• the first and/or second interleaving sequence is pre-defined.
• the change in interleaving sequences between (re)transmissions is pre-defined and not signaled within each retransmission.
• the transmitting device is configured to: perform the interleaving of the data unit on coded bits following a binary convolutional coding, BCC, encoding; and/or perform the interleaving of the data unit on modulated QAMs following a low density parity check coding, LDPC; and/or performing the interleaving of the data unit within a Turbo encoder.
• BCC binary convolutional coding
• LDPC low density parity check coding
• Turbo encoding can be introduced in addition to BCC and LDPC encoding.
• two Convolutional encoders may be used in parallel, with a different interleaving sequence used for each of the Convolutional encoders.
• the transmitting device is configured to: if a retransmission of the data unit is required for a second time: select a third interleaving sequence, and interleave the data unit using the third interleaving sequence to obtain a third interleaved data unit to be transmitted to the receiving device.
• a retransmission of the data unit may be required more than once.
• a new interleaving sequence may be selected. Different interleaving sequences may be used between each retransmission. For instance, a first transmission may use a first interleaving sequence, a second transmission may use a second interleaving sequence, a third transmission may use a third interleaving sequence , and a fourth transmission may use a fourth interleaving sequence, etc.
• the third interleaving sequence is identical to the first interleaving sequence.
• a particular interleaving sequence may be reused in different transmission. For instance, a first transmission may use a first interleaving sequence, a second transmission may use a second interleaving sequence, a third transmission may again use the first interleaving sequence, and a fourth transmission may use a fourth interleaving sequence, etc.
• a second aspect of the invention provides a receiving device for supporting HARQ, the receiving device being configured to: receive a first interleaved data unit; select a first de interleaving sequence according to a first interleaving sequence; and de-interleave the first interleaved data unit using the first de-interleaving sequence to obtain the data unit; and if a retransmission of the data unit is required: receive a second interleaved data unit; select a second de-interleaving sequence according to a second interleaving sequence, and de-interleave the second interleaved data unit using the second de-interleaving sequence to obtain the retransmission of the data unit.
• the receiving device receives interleaved data units from different transmissions, and de interleaves the received signals using de-interleaving sequences to obtain the original data unit, wherein the de-interleaving sequence is selected by the receiving device, based on the interleaving sequence.
• the receiving device of the second aspect supports efficient introduction of HARQ into 802.11.
• the receiving device is configured to: obtain an indication of the first and/or second interleaving sequence from the transmitting device.
• the receiving device needs to know what interleaving sequence is used at the transmitter side, in order to correctly perform de-interleaving and decode the transmitted data.
• An indication with the information of the first and/or second interleaving sequence is obtained from the transmitting device.
• the receiving device is configured to: extract an indication of the second interleaving sequence from a SIG field.
• the interleaving sequence (or a change in the interleaving sequence) may be signaled within one of the SIG fields to configure the receiver properly.
• the receiving device is configured to: soft- combine the retransmission of the data unit and the previously transmitted data unit.
• the receiving device performs soft-combining on the data units received from different retransmissions. In this way, incorrectly decoded packets are stored in memory and combined with retransmissions of the same information bits/QAMs, and the probability for correct packet detection (after retransmission) is increased.
• a third aspect of the invention provides a method for supporting HARQ, the method comprising: selecting a first interleaving sequence; interleaving a data unit using the first interleaving sequence to obtain a first interleaved data unit to be transmitted; and if a retransmission of the data unit is required: selecting a second interleaving sequence, and interleaving the data unit using the second interleaving sequence to obtain a second interleaved data unit to be transmitted.
• Implementation forms of the method of the third aspect may correspond to the implementation forms of the transmitting device of the first aspect described above.
• the method of the third aspect and its implementation forms achieve the same advantages and effects as described above for the transmitting device of the first aspect and its implementation forms.
• a fourth aspect of the invention provides a method for supporting HARQ, the method comprising: receiving a first interleaved data unit; selecting a first de-interleaving sequence according to a first interleaving sequence; and de-interleaving the first interleaved data unit using the first de-interleaving sequence to obtain the data unit; and if a retransmission of the data unit is required: receiving a second interleaved data unit; selecting a second de-interleaving sequence according to a second interleaving sequence, and de-interleaving the second interleaved data unit using the second de-interleaving sequence to obtain the retransmission of the data unit.
• Implementation forms of the method of the fourth aspect may correspond to the implementation forms of the receiving device of the second aspect described above.
• the method of the fourth aspect and its implementation forms achieve the same advantages and effects as described above for the receiving device of the second aspect and its implementation forms.
• FIG. 1 shows a transmitting device according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a receiving device according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a performance comparison result of using different transmission solutions.
• FIG. 4 shows a method according to an embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a transmitting device 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the transmitting device 100 is configured to support HARQ, particularly HARQ for IEEE 802.11 / Wi-Fi. That means, the device 100 may be an 802.11 -standard transmitting device supporting HARQ.
• the transmitting device 100 may be a transmitter or may be included in a transmitter.
• the transmitting device 100 is configured to select a first interleaving sequence 102.
• the interleaving sequence depends, typically, on the transmission parameters such as the bandwidth, modulation, coding rate, etc. Further, the transmitting device 100 is configured to interleave a data unit 101 using the first interleaving sequence 102 to obtain a first interleaved data unit 104 to be transmitted to a receiving device 110.
• the data unit 101 may be a sequence of bits or of QAMs.
• the transmitting device 100 is configured to select a second interleaving sequence 103, and interleave the data unit 101 using the second interleaving sequence 103 to obtain a second interleaved data unit 105 to be transmitted to the receiving device 110.
• the transmitting device 100 may transmit the first interleaved data unit 104 to the receiving device 110.
• the transmitting device 100 may transmit, if necessary, the second interleaved data unit 105 to the receiving device.
• the transmitting may, however, also be performed by another device.
• interleaving sequences 102, 103 are used, i.e. the interleaving sequence changes with (e.g. consecutive) retransmissions.
• the interleaving sequence does not change with time, which means that (consecutive) retransmissions using the same transmission parameters (e.g. same bandwidth, same modulation and coding rate) will undergo the same, identical interleaving.
• the transmitting device 100 is configured to change the interleaving sequence for (re)transmissions, particularly consecutive (re)transmissions, in order to achieve an HARQ with an improved performance for Wi-Fi.
• the transmitting device 100 may be configured to select the first interleaving sequence 102 based on one or more transmission parameters, particularly based on a transmission signal bandwidth.
• the second interleaving sequence 103 for (e.g. consecutive) retransmissions, or even for each further retransmission, may be selected differently, i.e. not using a same interleaving sequence for at least one retransmission.
• the transmitting device 100 may be further configured to select the second interleaving sequence 103 based on the first interleaving sequence 102, e.g. to derive the second interleaving sequence 103 from the first interleaving sequence 102 according to some rule.
• the second interleaving sequence 103 may be the first interleaving sequence 102 cyclically shifted in the frequency domain.
• the first interleaving sequence 102 may thereby initially be selected using a way currently defined in the 802.11 standard, e.g. either for BCC, or LDPC, or Turbo encoding.
• the first interleaving sequence 102 may be cyclically shifted in frequency, in order to form the second interleaving sequence 103 based on the first interleaving sequence 102.
• one example is to cyclically shift the first interleaving sequence by half the signal bandwidth. For example, if the signal is transmitted on 100 subcarriers, the shift would be by 50 subcarriers (e.g.
• the first interleaving sequence may be represented by P1P2...P50P51P52...P100, while the second interleaving sequence may be represented by P51P52...P100P1P2...P50, wherein PN indicates mapping to the nth subcarrier).
• the interleaving sequence may also be shifted differently. For example, if the signal is transmitted on 100 subcarriers, the shift may be by 17 subcarriers (e.g. the first interleaving sequence may be represented by P1P2... P83P84P85...P100, the second interleaving sequence may be represented by P18P19...P100P1P2...P17).
• the first interleaving sequence may be cyclically shifted by another number of subcarriers, and may be set according to actual requirements. This solution is simple to implement.
• the first interleaving sequence 102 may be stored in the memory of the transmitting device.
• the transmitting device can read the information regarding the first interleaving sequence 102 from the memory and may apply the shifting to obtain the second interleaving sequence 103.
• the second interleaving sequence 103 may be the first interleaving sequence 102 flipped in the frequency domain.
• the first interleaving sequence is e.g. represented by P1P2...P100
• the second interleaving sequence will be represented by P100P99...Pi.
• an interleaver may not be used at all.
• the transmitting device 100 after the transmitting device 100 interleaves the data unit 101 using the first interleaving sequence 102, and transmits the first interleaved data unit 104 to the receiving device 110, if the transmission fails, the transmitting device 100 transmits the data unit 101 directly to the receiving device 110 in a retransmission (without performing interleaving).
• This can effectively also be achieved by selecting a specific second interleaving sequence 103, which, when the transmitting device 100 interleaves the data unit 101 using this second interleaving sequence 103, yields a second interleaved data unit 105 that is identical to the original data unit 101.
• the transmitting device 100 may also change multiple times between interleaving sequences, thereby applying a combination of one of the above-described schemes to derive a second interleaving sequence 103 from a first interleaving sequence 102, or apply different or same schemes after another.
• the transmitting device 100 may be further configured to indicate to the receiving device 110 the first and/or second interleaving sequence 102 and/or 103. In order to correctly perform de interleaving and decode the transmitted data, the receiver needs to know what interleaving sequence is used at the transmitter side. If different interleaving sequences are used by the transmitting device 100, the transmitting device 100 may indicate to the receiving device 110 information regarding the interleaving sequences used in each transmission.
• the change in interleaving sequences between retransmissions may be pre-defined and not signaled within each retransmission.
• the interleaving sequences (or change in the interleaving sequence) may be signaled within one of the SIG fields in a transmission.
• the transmitting device 100 may be further configured to indicate to the receiving device 110 the second interleaving sequence 103 using a SIG field.
• STAs Stations supporting a dynamic interleaver will be required to advertise supported interleaver configurations as part of capabilities negotiation.
• the transmitting device 100 may be configured to perform the interleaving of the data unit on coded bits following a BCC encoding; and/or perform the interleaving of the data unit on modulated QAMs following a LDPC; and/or perform the interleaving of the data unit within a Turbo encoder.
• Turbo encoding can be introduced in addition to BCC and LDPC encoding. With Turbo encoding, two convolutional encoders may be used in parallel, with a different interleaving sequence used for each of the convolutional encoders.
• the transmitting device 100 may select different interleaving sequences for each retransmission. In particular if a retransmission also fails or cannot be decoded at the receiving device 110, another retransmission will be required.
• the transmitting device 100 may be configured to select a third interleaving sequence and interleave the data unit 101 using the third interleaving sequence to obtain a third interleaved data unit to be transmitted to the receiving device 110. If a data unit needs to be transmitted for N times, N being a natural number greater than 2, N different interleaving sequences may be selected by the transmitting device 100.
• a first transmission may base on a first interleaving sequence
• a second transmission may base on a second interleaving sequence
• a third transmission may base on a third interleaving sequence
• a fourth transmission may base on a fourth interleaving sequence, etc.
• the first, second, third and fourth interleaving sequences are in this case all different to each other.
• the second interleaving sequence may be the first interleaving cyclically shifted by e.g. half of the signal bandwidth
• the third interleaving sequence may be the first interleaving sequence flipped in frequency
• the fourth transmission may not use an interleaver, i.e. the interleaved data unit using the fourth interleaving sequence is identical to the original data unit. Details are not described here again, and reference is made to above.
• the third interleaving sequence may be identical to the first interleaving sequence, and the fourth interleaving sequence may be identical to the second interleaving sequence.
• FIG. 2 shows a receiving device 110 according to an embodiment of the invention.
• the receiving device 110 is configured to support HARQ, particularly HARQ for IEEE 802.11 / Wi-Fi. That means, the device 110 may be an 802.11 -standard receiving device supporting HARQ.
• the receiving device 1 10 of FIG. 2 is particularly the receiving device 110 of FIG. 1.
• the transmitting device 100 shown in FIG. 2 may be the one shown in FIG. 1.
• the receiving device 110 may be a receiver or may be included in a receiver.
• the receiving device 110 may be configured to operate inversely to the transmitting device 100 of FIG. 1.
• the receiving device 110 is configured to receive a first interleaved data unit 104, and select a first de-interleaving sequence 102’ according to a first interleaving sequence 102.
• the receiving device 110 is configured to de-interleave the first interleaved data unit 104 using the first de-interleaving sequence 102’ to obtain the data unit 101. If a retransmission of the data unit is required, the receiving device 110 is configured to receive a second interleaved data unit 105, and select a second de-interleaving sequence 103’ according to a second interleaving sequence 103.
• the receiving device 110 is configured to de-interleave the second interleaved data unit 105 using the second de interleaving sequence 103’ to obtain the retransmission of the data unit 101.
• the receiver should know what interleaving sequence is used at the transmitter side, in order to correctly perform de-interleaving and decode the transmitted data.
• the receiving device 110 may be further configured to obtain an indication of the first and/or second interleaving sequence from e.g. the transmitting device 100. Based on the information regarding the first and/or second interleaving sequence obtained e.g. from the transmitting device 100, the receiving device 110 can select the corresponding first and/or second de-interleaving sequence to perform the de-interleaving.
• the receiving device 110 may be further configured to extract an indication of the second interleaving sequence 103 from a SIG field.
• the receiving device 110 may be further configured to soft-combine the retransmission of the data unit and the previously transmitted data unit.
• the decoding performance is increased.
• the thermal noise which changes between retransmissions, can be further averaged and hence reduced - which further and significantly improving the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver.
• SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
• Fig. 3 shows a comparison of results of SNR using different interleaving solutions. It is assumed that the channel is constant across two transmissions (transmission and a retransmission). Solutions proposed with embodiments of the present invention are compared with the existing solutions (i.e. same interleaver across all retransmissions).
• a first solution uses a second interleaving sequence, which is the first interleaving sequence cyclically shifted at half the bandwidth in retransmission.
• a second solution uses a second interleaving sequence which is the first interleaving sequence cyclically shifted by 17 tones in retransmission.
• a third solution uses a second interleaving sequence which is the first interleaving sequence flipped in frequency.
• Fig. 3 shows a comparison of results of SNR using different interleaving solutions. It is assumed that the channel is constant across two transmissions (transmission and a retransmission).
• Solutions proposed with embodiments of the present invention are compared with the existing solutions (i.e. same inter
• FIG. 4 shows a method 400 according to an embodiment of the invention, particularly for supporting HARQ.
• the method 400 comprises: a step 401 of selecting a first interleaving sequence 102; a step 402 of interleaving a data unit 101 using the first interleaving sequence 102 to obtain a first interleaved data unit 104 to be transmitted; a step 403 of selecting a second interleaving sequence 103 if a retransmission of the data unit is required; and a step 504 of interleaving a data unit 101 using the second interleaving sequence 103 to obtain a second interleaved data unit 105 to be transmitted.
• the method 400 may be performed by a transmitting device 100, and the first interleaved data unit 104 and/or second interleaved data unit 105 may be transmitted to a receiving device 110.
• FIG. 5 shows a method 500 according to an embodiment of the invention, particularly for supporting HARQ.
• the method 500 comprises: a step 501 of receiving a first interleaved data unit 104; a step 502 of selecting a first de-interleaving sequence 102’ according to a first interleaving sequence 102; a step 503 of de-interleaving the first interleaved data unit 104 using the first de-interleaving sequence 102’ to obtain the data unit 101; a step 504 of receiving a second interleaved data unit 105 if a retransmission of the data unit is required; a step 505 of selecting a second de-interleaving sequence 103’ according to a second interleaving sequence 103; and a step 506 of de-interleaving the second interleaved data unit 105 using the second de interleaving sequence 103’ to obtain the retransmission of the data unit 101.
• the method 500 may be performed by a receiving
• embodiments of the present invention achieve multiple benefits.
• a sequence of bits/QAMs within multiple (identical or nearly identical) retransmissions experiences a different channel, hence improving the performance after HARQ combining at the receiver side.
• the simulation results indicate that HARQ with dynamic interleavers (dynamic, i.e. changing, interleaving sequence) achieve better performance and significantly lower SNR than without HARQ or using the same interleaver (static interleaving sequence).

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• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)

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• 2018
  • 2018-11-22 EP EP18808296.0A patent/EP3868044B1/de active Active
  • 2018-11-22 WO PCT/EP2018/082208 patent/WO2020104029A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2018-11-22 CN CN201880099208.XA patent/CN113039731A/zh active Pending

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